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Pedersen OS, Holmgaard FB, Mikkelsen MKD, Lange C, Sotgiu G, Lillebaek T, Andersen AB, Wejse CM, Dahl VN. Global treatment outcomes of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Infect 2023; 87:177-189. [PMID: 37356629 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2023.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Historically, extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis has been notoriously difficult to treat with devasting outcomes. As we are coming to the end of an era where the 2006 extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis definitions and old treatment regimens are being replaced, we aimed to estimate the proportion of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis patients globally who achieved successful treatment outcomes. METHODS We conducted a systematic review of PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase from January 1, 2005, through April 3, 2023. Included studies reported WHO treatment outcomes, or adaptions hereof, for pre-extensively and/or extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis patients according to the 2006 WHO definition. Eligible studies included cohorts of at least 10 adults (aged>18 years) that were not pregnant. Using a random-effects model, we calculated pooled proportions of treatment outcomes and performed sensitivity and subgroup analyses. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42022340961. RESULTS Among 5056 studies reviewed, we identified 94 studies from 26 countries, involving 10,223 extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis patients. The pooled proportion of successful treatment outcomes was 44.2% (95%CI: 38.3-50.3). Sensitivity analyses consistently produced similar estimates. A slight improvement in treatment outcomes was observed after 2013. Furthermore, 25 studies reported outcomes for 3564 individuals with pre-extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis, of which 63.3% achieved successful treatment (95%CI: 43.1-72.5). CONCLUSION Globally, the success rate of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis treatment is 44.2%, far below the WHO's target rate of 75%. These results may serve as a reference for future studies assessing extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis treatment outcomes under the 2021 definition treated with better treatment regimens available. Comprehensive surveillance data of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis outcomes from the whole world are desirable to monitor treatment progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ole Skouvig Pedersen
- Department of Respiratory Diseases and Allergy, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | - Christoph Lange
- Division of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Borstel, Germany; Respiratory Medicine and International Health, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children´s Hospital, Global TB Program, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Giovanni Sotgiu
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Troels Lillebaek
- Global Health Section, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; International Reference Laboratory of Mycobacteriology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Christian Morberg Wejse
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Center for Global Health, Aarhus University (GloHAU), Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Victor Naestholt Dahl
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; International Reference Laboratory of Mycobacteriology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Global Health, Aarhus University (GloHAU), Aarhus, Denmark.
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Galangin Inhibits Cholangiocarcinoma Cell Growth and Metastasis through Downregulation of MicroRNA-21 Expression. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:5846938. [PMID: 32626749 PMCID: PMC7306077 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5846938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Galangin, a natural flavonoid product derived from the root of galangal, is emerging as a promising anticancer agent against multiple cancers. Yet, whether it also has antitumor effects on cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) and the underlying mechanism is still unknown. Herein, we demonstrate that galangin exhibits multiple antitumor effects on CCA cells including decreases cell viability; inhibits proliferation, migration, and invasion; and induces apoptosis. Moreover, those phenotypic changes are associated with downregulated microRNA-21 (miR-21) expression. To support, overexpression of miR-21 blocks galangin-mediated antisurvival and metastasis effects on CCA cells. Mechanically, galangin increases the expression of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), a direct target of miR-21, resulting in decreased phosphorylation of AKT, a protein kinase which plays a critical role in controlling survival and apoptosis. In contrast, overexpression of miR-21 abrogates galangin-regulated PTEN expression and AKT phosphorylation. Taken together, these findings indicate that galangin inhibits CCA cell proliferation and metastasis and induces cell apoptosis through a miR-21-dependent manner, and galangin may provide a novel potential therapeutic adjuvant to treat CCA.
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Nahid P, Mase SR, Migliori GB, Sotgiu G, Bothamley GH, Brozek JL, Cattamanchi A, Cegielski JP, Chen L, Daley CL, Dalton TL, Duarte R, Fregonese F, Horsburgh CR, Ahmad Khan F, Kheir F, Lan Z, Lardizabal A, Lauzardo M, Mangan JM, Marks SM, McKenna L, Menzies D, Mitnick CD, Nilsen DM, Parvez F, Peloquin CA, Raftery A, Schaaf HS, Shah NS, Starke JR, Wilson JW, Wortham JM, Chorba T, Seaworth B. Treatment of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis. An Official ATS/CDC/ERS/IDSA Clinical Practice Guideline. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 200:e93-e142. [PMID: 31729908 PMCID: PMC6857485 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201909-1874st] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The American Thoracic Society, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, European Respiratory Society, and Infectious Diseases Society of America jointly sponsored this new practice guideline on the treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB). The document includes recommendations on the treatment of multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) as well as isoniazid-resistant but rifampin-susceptible TB.Methods: Published systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and a new individual patient data meta-analysis from 12,030 patients, in 50 studies, across 25 countries with confirmed pulmonary rifampin-resistant TB were used for this guideline. Meta-analytic approaches included propensity score matching to reduce confounding. Each recommendation was discussed by an expert committee, screened for conflicts of interest, according to the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology.Results: Twenty-one Population, Intervention, Comparator, and Outcomes questions were addressed, generating 25 GRADE-based recommendations. Certainty in the evidence was judged to be very low, because the data came from observational studies with significant loss to follow-up and imbalance in background regimens between comparator groups. Good practices in the management of MDR-TB are described. On the basis of the evidence review, a clinical strategy tool for building a treatment regimen for MDR-TB is also provided.Conclusions: New recommendations are made for the choice and number of drugs in a regimen, the duration of intensive and continuation phases, and the role of injectable drugs for MDR-TB. On the basis of these recommendations, an effective all-oral regimen for MDR-TB can be assembled. Recommendations are also provided on the role of surgery in treatment of MDR-TB and for treatment of contacts exposed to MDR-TB and treatment of isoniazid-resistant TB.
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Lin W, Yifei W, Zilu W, Fan X, Hui C, Yijun Z, Heping X, Shuihua L, Xiyong D, Haijiang W, Chaolin H, Wei C, Ka-Wing W, Yanzheng S. Validating the surgical indication value of the LTB-S classification system for drug resistant tuberculosis. Int J Infect Dis 2020; 95:67-73. [PMID: 32088337 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently there is no guideline based on preoperative clinical parameters for assessing the prognosis of the adjunctive surgery for drug-resistant tuberculosis. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 138 patients who had undergone surgical resection as a treatment for drug- resistant tuberculosis after 24 months. Four clinical parameters on lesion type, treatment history, body physiological status, and surgery approach were evaluated. Categorical preoperative clinical parameters were analyzed by ordinal logistic regression model when considering postoperative complications as outcomes ordered in terms of severity. Statistically significant parameters were then combined in a single classification system for predicting the outcomes of the adjunctive surgery. FINDINGS Diffused, progressive bilateral lesions, or active/progressive extra pulmonary tuberculosis (L3), and history of less than 2 months treatment before surgery (T3) were the strongest predicative parameters for postoperative complications and for surgery failure. Classification systems based on the four parameters were found to have a statistically significant effect on postoperative complications and postoperative efficacy. 24- month follow up indicated a high cure rate (above 95.5%) among patients without T3, L3, or severe physiological complications (B3). INTERPRETATION A classification system based on objective clinical parameters showed predicative value for the prognosis of the adjunctive surgery and could guide management of drug-resistant Tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Lin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; TB Center, Shanghai Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Disease Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wang Yifei
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Zilu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Scientific Research, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xia Fan
- Department of Pulmonary Disease, 905Th Hospital of PLA Navy, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Hui
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhu Yijun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Heping
- Department of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Shuihua
- Department of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dai Xiyong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Wang Haijiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huang Chaolin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Chang Wei
- The Center of Thoracic Surgery,Chest Hospital of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
| | - Wong Ka-Wing
- Department of Scientific Research, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; TB Center, Shanghai Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Disease Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Song Yanzheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; TB Center, Shanghai Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Disease Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Giller DB, Giller GV, Giller BD, Papkov AV, Scherbakova GV, Koroev VV, Kesaev OS. Case of Video-Assisted Thoracoplasty Application in Pulmonary Tuberculosis Treatment. Ann Thorac Surg 2020; 109:e95-e98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2019.04.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Giller DB, Giller BD, Giller GV, Shcherbakova GV, Bizhanov AB, Enilenis II, Glotov AA. Treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis: past and present. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2019; 53:967-972. [PMID: 29244096 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezx447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Surgical interventional has been key in the treatment of tuberculosis (TB) for a long time. Its importance diminished after the emergence of chemotherapy. However, the spread of rapid multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) TB has led us to return to surgery to treat TB. Today, every second patient in Russia with destructive TB has either MDR or XDR TB, which is the reason for the low efficacy of conservative treatment. In 2015, treatment with drugs resulted in clinical recovery in only 29.8% of new cases of destructive TB acid-fast bacilli (AFB)+. METHODS The author's data from 1999 to 2016 have been analysed. The author performed 5599 surgeries on patients with pulmonary TB aged from 1 to 87 years (mean age 34.6 years). The most common reasons for surgical treatment were fibrotic cavitary and cavitary pulmonary TB, tuberculoma with destruction, tuberculous pleural empyema, caseous pneumonia and intrathoracic lymph nodes. The strategy of early collapse therapy and the use of surgery to treat TB was proposed in the Penza region of Russia; the results were analysed to estimate the long-term outcomes of treatment. RESULTS In 5599 surgeries, the full clinical effect was achieved in 93% of operated patients with MDR TB, in 92.1% of those with XDR TB and in 98% of patients without MDR or XDR resistance. According to the data from the Penza region, 3 years after surgery, 93.9% (149 of 159 cases) of the operated patients exhibited clinical recovery. CONCLUSIONS Taking into account the data from the World Health Organization on the insufficient level of therapeutic success in the treatment of MDR and XDR pulmonary TB, surgical treatment is necessary in regions with a high frequency of drug-resistant cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Borisovich Giller
- Department of Phthisiopulmonology and Thoracic Surgery, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Boris Dmitrievich Giller
- Department of Phthisiopulmonology and Thoracic Surgery, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Galina Vitalievna Giller
- Department of Phthisiopulmonology and Thoracic Surgery, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Anuar Bahtibaevich Bizhanov
- Department of Phthisiopulmonology and Thoracic Surgery, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Inga Igorevna Enilenis
- Department of Phthisiopulmonology and Thoracic Surgery, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksey Aleksandrovich Glotov
- Department of Phthisiopulmonology and Thoracic Surgery, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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Olland A, Falcoz PE, Guinard S, Seitlinger J, Massard G. Surgery as a treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2018. [DOI: 10.1183/2312508x.10021717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Do specialist pulmonologists appropriately utilise thoracic surgery for drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis? A survey. Afr J Thorac Crit Care Med 2018; 24. [PMID: 34541507 PMCID: PMC8424776 DOI: 10.7196/sarj.2018.v24i3.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Adjuvant lung resection in patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) not only is cheaper than a 2-month course of drug
therapy for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) but also, more importantly, has a higher cure rate than medical therapy alone. The
cure rate for some MDR-TB patients treated with adjuvant lung resection is about 90%. With the more severe forms of DR-TB, surgical cure
rates in selected patients remain high, whereas cure rates decrease when only medical therapy is used. In addition, adjuvant lung resection
for DR-TB in selected patients with HIV co-infection does not appear to have a higher complication rate.
Objectives
To determine whether specialist pulmonologists in South Africa utilise thoracic surgical intervention for DR-TB appropriately.
Methods
A cross-sectional survey was conducted among pulmonologists of the South African Thoracic Society. The study tool was a
predesigned, anonymous questionnaire that included 17 closed-ended questions about the role of cardiothoracic surgery in the management
of DR-TB.
Results
A 50% response rate was achieved. The majority of respondents did not know the indications for adjuvant lung surgery in the setting
of DR-TB, but would have altered their referral behaviour had they been aware of these indications.
Conclusion
Participating pulmonologists’ uncertainty regarding optimal use of adjuvant lung resection for DR-TB suggests the need for
local guidelines and education initiatives relevant to the management of these patients. These strategies should include the participation of
both the pulmonologist and the cardiothoracic surgeon.
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Mahomed S, Naidoo K, Dookie N, Padayatchi N. Whole genome sequencing for the management of drug-resistant TB in low income high TB burden settings: Challenges and implications. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2017; 107:137-143. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Dewan RK, Pezzella AT. Surgical aspects of pulmonary tuberculosis: an update. Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann 2016; 24:835-846. [PMID: 27471312 DOI: 10.1177/0218492316661958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis remains a major global medical challenge and concern. In the world's population of over 7.4 billion people, 8.6 million are estimated to be infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis; another 2.2 billion have latent tuberculosis. There is an annual incidence of 16,000 new cases in the USA and 7-8 million new cases worldwide, of which 440,000 are multidrug-resistant or extensively multidrug-resistant, mainly in developing countries or emerging economies. According to the World Health Organization, the incidence of tuberculosis is 133 cases per 100,000 of the population; 3.3% new cases are drug resistant and 20% are already treated cases. Of the drug-resistant cases, 9.7% are extensively drug-resistant. The annual global mortality attributable to tuberculosis is over 1.3 million people. The association with HIV/AIDS in 430,000 people has compounded the global concern and challenge. This review presents the historical indications for surgical treatment of tuberculosis, reviews the current literature and clinical experience, and collates this into increased awareness and contemporary understanding of the indications and need for surgery in primary active tuberculosis, adjuvant surgical therapy for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, and the complications of chronic tuberculosis sequelae or previous tuberculosis surgery.
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