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An Overview of the Molecular Mechanisms Associated with Myocardial Ischemic Injury: State of the Art and Translational Perspectives. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071165. [PMID: 35406729 PMCID: PMC8998015 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in western countries. Among cardiovascular diseases, myocardial infarction represents a life-threatening condition predisposing to the development of heart failure. In recent decades, much effort has been invested in studying the molecular mechanisms underlying the development and progression of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and post-ischemic cardiac remodeling. These mechanisms include metabolic alterations, ROS overproduction, inflammation, autophagy deregulation and mitochondrial dysfunction. This review article discusses the most recent evidence regarding the molecular basis of myocardial ischemic injury and the new potential therapeutic interventions for boosting cardioprotection and attenuating cardiac remodeling.
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2
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Mitrečić D, Hribljan V, Jagečić D, Isaković J, Lamberto F, Horánszky A, Zana M, Foldes G, Zavan B, Pivoriūnas A, Martinez S, Mazzini L, Radenovic L, Milasin J, Chachques JC, Buzanska L, Song MS, Dinnyés A. Regenerative Neurology and Regenerative Cardiology: Shared Hurdles and Achievements. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:855. [PMID: 35055039 PMCID: PMC8776151 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
From the first success in cultivation of cells in vitro, it became clear that developing cell and/or tissue specific cultures would open a myriad of new opportunities for medical research. Expertise in various in vitro models has been developing over decades, so nowadays we benefit from highly specific in vitro systems imitating every organ of the human body. Moreover, obtaining sufficient number of standardized cells allows for cell transplantation approach with the goal of improving the regeneration of injured/disease affected tissue. However, different cell types bring different needs and place various types of hurdles on the path of regenerative neurology and regenerative cardiology. In this review, written by European experts gathered in Cost European action dedicated to neurology and cardiology-Bioneca, we present the experience acquired by working on two rather different organs: the brain and the heart. When taken into account that diseases of these two organs, mostly ischemic in their nature (stroke and heart infarction), bring by far the largest burden of the medical systems around Europe, it is not surprising that in vitro models of nervous and heart muscle tissue were in the focus of biomedical research in the last decades. In this review we describe and discuss hurdles which still impair further progress of regenerative neurology and cardiology and we detect those ones which are common to both fields and some, which are field-specific. With the goal to elucidate strategies which might be shared between regenerative neurology and cardiology we discuss methodological solutions which can help each of the fields to accelerate their development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinko Mitrečić
- Laboratory for Stem Cells, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Histology and Embryology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Valentina Hribljan
- Laboratory for Stem Cells, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Histology and Embryology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Denis Jagečić
- Laboratory for Stem Cells, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Histology and Embryology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Federica Lamberto
- BioTalentum Ltd., Aulich Lajos Str. 26, 2100 Gordillo, Hungary
- Department of Physiology and Animal Health, Institute of Physiology and Animal Health, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly Str. 1, 2100 Godollo, Hungary
| | - Alex Horánszky
- BioTalentum Ltd., Aulich Lajos Str. 26, 2100 Gordillo, Hungary
- Department of Physiology and Animal Health, Institute of Physiology and Animal Health, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly Str. 1, 2100 Godollo, Hungary
| | - Melinda Zana
- BioTalentum Ltd., Aulich Lajos Str. 26, 2100 Gordillo, Hungary
| | - Gabor Foldes
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, 1122 Budapest, Hungary
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Barbara Zavan
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Augustas Pivoriūnas
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT-01102 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Salvador Martinez
- Instituto de Neurociencias UMH-CSIC, 03550 San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - Letizia Mazzini
- ALS Center, Department of Neurology, Maggiore della Carità Hospital, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Lidija Radenovic
- Center for Laser Microscopy, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Milasin
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Juan Carlos Chachques
- Laboratory of Biosurgical Research, Pompidou Hospital, University of Paris, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Leonora Buzanska
- Department of Stem Cell Bioengineering, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Min Suk Song
- Omnion Research International Ltd., 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - András Dinnyés
- BioTalentum Ltd., Aulich Lajos Str. 26, 2100 Gordillo, Hungary
- Department of Physiology and Animal Health, Institute of Physiology and Animal Health, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly Str. 1, 2100 Godollo, Hungary
- HCEMM-USZ Stem Cell Research Group, Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
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3
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Li J, Zhao Y, Zhu W. Targeting angiogenesis in myocardial infarction: Novel therapeutics (Review). Exp Ther Med 2021; 23:64. [PMID: 34934435 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remains the main cause of mortality worldwide. Despite surgery and medical treatment, the non-regeneration of dead cardiomyocytes and the limited contractile ability of scar tissue can lead to heart failure. Therefore, restoring blood flow in the infarcted area is important for the repair of myocardial injury. The objective of the present review was to summarize the factors influencing angiogenesis after AMI, and to describe the application of angiogenesis for cardiac repair. Collectively, this review may be helpful for relevant studies and to provide insight into future therapeutic applications in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiejie Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
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4
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Liu Y, Fan L, Lin X, Zou L, Li Y, Ge X, Fu W, Zhang Z, Xiao K, Lv H. Functionalized self-assembled peptide RAD/Dentonin hydrogel scaffold promotes dental pulp regeneration. Biomed Mater 2021; 17. [PMID: 34768244 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ac3928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
RADA16-I is an ion-complementary self-assembled peptide with a regular folded secondary conformation and can be assembled into an ordered nanostructure. Dentonin is an extracellular matrix phosphate glycoprotein functional peptide motif-containing RGD and SGDG motifs. In this experiment, we propose to combine RAD and Dentonin to form a functionalized self-assembled peptide RAD/Dentonin hydrogel scaffold. Furthermore, we expect that the RAD with the addition of functional motif Dentonin can promote pulp regeneration. The study analyzed the physicochemical properties of RAD/Dentonin through circular dichroism, morphology scanning, and rheology. Besides, we examined the scaffold's biocompatibility by immunofluorescent staining, CCK-8 method, Live/Dead fluorescent staining, and 3D reconstruction. Finally, we applied ALP activity assay, RT-qPCR, and Alizarin red S staining to detect the effect of RAD/Dentonin on the odontogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). The results showed that RAD/Dentonin spontaneously assembles into a hydrogel with aβ-sheet-based nanofiber network structure.In vitro, RAD/Dentonin has superior biocompatibility and enhances adhesive proliferation, migration, odontogenic differentiation, and mineralization deposition of hDPSCs. In conclusion, the novel self-assembled peptide RAD/Dentonin is a new scaffold material suitable for cell culture and has promising applications as a scaffold for endodontic tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijuan Liu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Lina Fan
- The 900th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force, PLA, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemei Lin
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Luning Zou
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaoyao Li
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinting Ge
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Weihao Fu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Zonghao Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Kuancheng Xiao
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbing Lv
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
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Hemalatha T, Aarthy M, Pandurangan S, Kamini NR, Ayyadurai N. A deep dive into the darning effects of biomaterials in infarct myocardium: current advances and future perspectives. Heart Fail Rev 2021; 27:1443-1467. [PMID: 34342769 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-021-10144-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) occurs due to the obstruction of coronary arteries, a major crux that restricts blood flow and thereby oxygen to the distal part of the myocardium, leading to loss of cardiomyocytes and eventually, if left untreated, leads to heart failure. MI, a potent cardiovascular disorder, requires intense therapeutic interventions and thereby presents towering challenges. Despite the concerted efforts, the treatment strategies for MI are still demanding, which has paved the way for the genesis of biomaterial applications. Biomaterials exhibit immense potentials for cardiac repair and regeneration, wherein they act as extracellular matrix replacing scaffolds or as delivery vehicles for stem cells, protein, plasmids, etc. This review concentrates on natural, synthetic, and hybrid biomaterials; their function; and interaction with the body, mechanisms of repair by which they are able to improve cardiac function in a MI milieu. We also provide focus on future perspectives that need attention. The cognizance provided by the research results certainly indicates that biomaterials could revolutionize the treatment paradigms for MI with a positive impact on clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiagarajan Hemalatha
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, CSIR- Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai, 600020, India
| | - Mayilvahanan Aarthy
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, CSIR- Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai, 600020, India
| | - Suryalakshmi Pandurangan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, CSIR- Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai, 600020, India
| | - Numbi Ramudu Kamini
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, CSIR- Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai, 600020, India
| | - Niraikulam Ayyadurai
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, CSIR- Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai, 600020, India.
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Elastomeric Cardiowrap Scaffolds Functionalized with Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Derived Exosomes Induce a Positive Modulation in the Inflammatory and Wound Healing Response of Mesenchymal Stem Cell and Macrophage. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9070824. [PMID: 34356888 PMCID: PMC8301323 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9070824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A challenge in contractile restoration of myocardial scars is one of the principal aims in cardiovascular surgery. Recently, a new potent biological tool used within healing processes is represented by exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). These cells are the well-known extracellular nanovesicles released from cells to facilitate cell function and communication. In this work, a combination of elastomeric membranes and exosomes was obtained and tested as a bioimplant. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and macrophages were seeded into the scaffold (polycaprolactone) and filled with exosomes derived from MSCs. Cells were tested for proliferation with an MTT test, and for wound healing properties and macrophage polarization by gene expression. Moreover, morphological analyses of their ability to colonize the scaffolds surfaces have been further evaluated. Results confirm that exosomes were easily entrapped onto the surface of the elastomeric scaffolds, increasing the wound healing properties and collagen type I and vitronectin of the MSC, and improving the M2 phenotype of the macrophages, mainly thanks to the increase in miRNA124 and decrease in miRNA 125. We can conclude that the enrichment of elastomeric scaffolds functionalized with exosomes is as an effective strategy to improve myocardial regeneration.
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7
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Wang H, Roche CD, Gentile C. Omentum support for cardiac regeneration in ischaemic cardiomyopathy models: a systematic scoping review. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2021; 58:1118-1129. [PMID: 32808023 PMCID: PMC7697859 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezaa205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES ![]()
Preclinical in vivo studies using omental tissue as a biomaterial for myocardial regeneration are promising and have not previously been collated. We aimed to evaluate the effects of the omentum as a support for bioengineered tissue therapy for cardiac regeneration in vivo. METHODS A systematic scoping review was performed. Only English-language studies that used bioengineered cardio-regenerative tissue, omentum and ischaemic cardiomyopathy in vivo models were included. RESULTS We initially screened 1926 studies of which 17 were included in the final qualitative analysis. Among these, 11 were methodologically comparable and 6 were non-comparable. The use of the omentum improved the engraftment of bioengineered tissue by improving cell retention and reducing infarct size. Vascularization was also improved by the induction of angiogenesis in the transplanted tissue. Omentum-supported bioengineered grafts were associated with enhanced host reverse remodelling and improved haemodynamic measurements. CONCLUSIONS The omentum is a promising support for myocardial regenerative bioengineering in vivo. Future studies would benefit from more homogenous methodologies and reporting of outcomes to allow for direct comparison.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hogan Wang
- Northern Clinical School of Medicine, University of Sydney, Kolling Institute, St Leonards, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Christopher D Roche
- Northern Clinical School of Medicine, University of Sydney, Kolling Institute, St Leonards, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Ultimo, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Carmine Gentile
- Northern Clinical School of Medicine, University of Sydney, Kolling Institute, St Leonards, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Ultimo, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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8
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A perfusable, multifunctional epicardial device improves cardiac function and tissue repair. Nat Med 2021; 27:480-490. [PMID: 33723455 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-021-01279-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite advances in technologies for cardiac repair after myocardial infarction (MI), new integrated therapeutic approaches still need to be developed. In this study, we designed a perfusable, multifunctional epicardial device (PerMed) consisting of a biodegradable elastic patch (BEP), permeable hierarchical microchannel networks (PHMs) and a system to enable delivery of therapeutic agents from a subcutaneously implanted pump. After its implantation into the epicardium, the BEP is designed to provide mechanical cues for ventricular remodeling, and the PHMs are designed to facilitate angiogenesis and allow for infiltration of reparative cells. In a rat model of MI, implantation of the PerMed improved ventricular function. When connected to a pump, the PerMed enabled targeted, sustained and stable release of platelet-derived growth factor-BB, amplifying the efficacy of cardiac repair as compared to the device without a pump. We also demonstrated the feasibility of minimally invasive surgical PerMed implantation in pigs, demonstrating its promise for clinical translation to treat heart disease.
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Cattelan G, Guerrero Gerbolés A, Foresti R, Pramstaller PP, Rossini A, Miragoli M, Caffarra Malvezzi C. Alginate Formulations: Current Developments in the Race for Hydrogel-Based Cardiac Regeneration. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:414. [PMID: 32457887 PMCID: PMC7226066 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases, including myocardial infarction (MI), represent the main worldwide cause of mortality and morbidity. In this scenario, to contrast the irreversible damages following MI, cardiac regeneration has emerged as a novel and promising solution for in situ cellular regeneration, preserving cell behavior and tissue cytoarchitecture. Among the huge variety of natural, synthetic, and hybrid compounds used for tissue regeneration, alginate emerged as a good candidate for cellular preservation and delivery, becoming one of the first biomaterial tested in pre-clinical research and clinical trials concerning cardiovascular diseases. Although promising results have been obtained, recellularization and revascularization of the infarcted area present still major limitations. Therefore, the demand is rising for alginate functionalization and its combination with molecules, factors, and drugs capable to boost the regenerative potential of the cardiac tissue. The focus of this review is to elucidate the promising properties of alginate and to highlight its benefits in clinical trials in relation to cardiac regeneration. The definition of hydrogels, the alginate characteristics, and recent biomedical applications are herewith described. Afterward, the review examines in depth the ongoing developments to refine the material relevance in cardiac recovery and regeneration after MI and presents current clinical trials based on alginate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giada Cattelan
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Amparo Guerrero Gerbolés
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Ruben Foresti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.,CERT, Center of Excellence for Toxicological Research, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Peter P Pramstaller
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Alessandra Rossini
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Michele Miragoli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.,CERT, Center of Excellence for Toxicological Research, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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Gardin C, Ferroni L, Latremouille C, Chachques JC, Mitrečić D, Zavan B. Recent Applications of Three Dimensional Printing in Cardiovascular Medicine. Cells 2020; 9:E742. [PMID: 32192232 PMCID: PMC7140676 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Three dimensional (3D) printing, which consists in the conversion of digital images into a 3D physical model, is a promising and versatile field that, over the last decade, has experienced a rapid development in medicine. Cardiovascular medicine, in particular, is one of the fastest growing area for medical 3D printing. In this review, we firstly describe the major steps and the most common technologies used in the 3D printing process, then we present current applications of 3D printing with relevance to the cardiovascular field. The technology is more frequently used for the creation of anatomical 3D models useful for teaching, training, and procedural planning of complex surgical cases, as well as for facilitating communication with patients and their families. However, the most attractive and novel application of 3D printing in the last years is bioprinting, which holds the great potential to solve the ever-increasing crisis of organ shortage. In this review, we then present some of the 3D bioprinting strategies used for fabricating fully functional cardiovascular tissues, including myocardium, heart tissue patches, and heart valves. The implications of 3D bioprinting in drug discovery, development, and delivery systems are also briefly discussed, in terms of in vitro cardiovascular drug toxicity. Finally, we describe some applications of 3D printing in the development and testing of cardiovascular medical devices, and the current regulatory frameworks that apply to manufacturing and commercialization of 3D printed products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Gardin
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola (RA), Italy; (C.G.); (L.F.)
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, via Fossato di Mortara 70, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Letizia Ferroni
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola (RA), Italy; (C.G.); (L.F.)
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, via Fossato di Mortara 70, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Christian Latremouille
- Department of Cardiac Surgery Pompidou Hospital, Laboratory of Biosurgical Research, Carpentier Foundation, University Paris Descartes, 75105 Paris, France; (C.L.); (J.C.C.)
| | - Juan Carlos Chachques
- Department of Cardiac Surgery Pompidou Hospital, Laboratory of Biosurgical Research, Carpentier Foundation, University Paris Descartes, 75105 Paris, France; (C.L.); (J.C.C.)
| | - Dinko Mitrečić
- Laboratory for Stem Cells, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine University of Zagreb, Šalata 12, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Barbara Zavan
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola (RA), Italy; (C.G.); (L.F.)
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, via Fossato di Mortara 70, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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