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Peverill RE, Lin KY, Fogel MA, Cheung MMH, Moir WS, Corben LA, Cahoon G, Delatycki MB. Insights into the effects of Friedreich ataxia on the left ventricle using T1 mapping and late gadolinium enhancement. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0303969. [PMID: 38814901 PMCID: PMC11139319 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The left ventricular (LV) changes which occur in Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) are incompletely understood. METHODS Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging was performed using a 1.5T scanner in subjects with FRDA who are homozygous for an expansion of an intron 1 GAA repeat in the FXN gene. Standard measurements were performed of LV mass (LVM), LV end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) and LV ejection fraction (LVEF). Native T1 relaxation time and the extracellular volume fraction (ECV) were utilised as markers of left ventricular (LV) diffuse myocardial fibrosis and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) was utilised as a marker of LV replacement fibrosis. FRDA genetic severity was assessed using the shorter FXN GAA repeat length (GAA1). RESULTS There were 93 subjects with FRDA (63 adults, 30 children, 54% males), 9 of whom had a reduced LVEF (<55%). A LVEDV below the normal range was present in 39%, a LVM above the normal range in 22%, and an increased LVM/LVEDV ratio in 89% subjects. In adults with a normal LVEF, there was an independent positive correlation of LVM with GAA1, and a negative correlation with age, but no similar relationships were seen in children. GAA1 was positively correlated with native T1 time in both adults and children, and with ECV in adults, all these associations independent of LVM and LVEDV. LGE was present in 21% of subjects, including both adults and children, and subjects with and without a reduced LVEF. None of GAA1, LVM or LVEDV were predictors of LGE. CONCLUSION An association between diffuse interstitial LV myocardial fibrosis and genetic severity in FRDA was present independently of FRDA-related LV structural changes. Localised replacement fibrosis was found in a minority of subjects with FRDA and was not associated with LV structural change or FRDA genetic severity in subjects with a normal LVEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger E. Peverill
- Monash Cardiovascular Research Centre, MonashHeart and Department of Medicine (School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health), Monash University and Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kimberly Y. Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Mark A. Fogel
- Division of Cardiology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Michael M. H. Cheung
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Heart Research Group, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - W. Stuart Moir
- Monash Cardiovascular Research Centre, MonashHeart and Department of Medicine (School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health), Monash University and Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Louise A. Corben
- Bruce Lefroy Centre for Genetic Health Research, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Glenn Cahoon
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Martin B. Delatycki
- Bruce Lefroy Centre for Genetic Health Research, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Peterson AN, Hickerson LC, Pschirrer ER, Friend LB, Taub CC. Management of Friedreich Ataxia-Associated Cardiomyopathy in Pregnancy: A Review of the Literature. Am J Cardiol 2024; 210:118-129. [PMID: 37838071 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2023.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
A major manifestation of Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) is cardiomyopathy, caused by mitochondrial proliferation in myocytes. Because the lifespan for patients with FRDA improves with better treatment modalities, more patients are becoming pregnant, meaning that more medical providers must know how to care for this population. This report provides a review of the literature on multidisciplinary management of pregnant patients with FRDA and cardiomyopathy from preconception through lactation. A cardio-obstetrics team, including cardiology, anesthesiology, and obstetrics, should be involved for this entire period. All patients should be counseled on pregnancy risk using elements of existing stratification systems, and contraception should be discussed, highlighting the safety of intrauterine devices. Electrocardiogram should be obtained at baseline and each trimester, looking for atrial arrhythmias and ST-segment changes, as should transthoracic echocardiogram, with a focus on left ventricular ejection fraction-which is typically normal in FRDA cardiomyopathy-and relative wall thickness and global longitudinal strain-which tend to decrease as cardiomyopathy progresses. Brain natriuretic peptide is also a helpful marker to detect adverse events. If heart failure develops, it should be treated like any other etiology of heart failure during pregnancy. Atrial arrhythmias should be treated with β blockers or electrical cardioversion and anticoagulation, as necessary. Most patients with FRDA can deliver vaginally, and neuraxial analgesia is recommended during labor because of the risks associated with general anesthesia. Breastfeeding is encouraged, even for those taking cardiac medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashleigh N Peterson
- Department of Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Leigh C Hickerson
- Department of Anesthesiology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - E Rebecca Pschirrer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Lynsy B Friend
- Heart and Vascular Center, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Cynthia C Taub
- Department of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York.
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Almeida ALC, Melo MDTD, Bihan DCDSL, Vieira MLC, Pena JLB, Del Castillo JM, Abensur H, Hortegal RDA, Otto MEB, Piveta RB, Dantas MR, Assef JE, Beck ALDS, Santo THCE, Silva TDO, Salemi VMC, Rocon C, Lima MSM, Barberato SH, Rodrigues AC, Rabschkowisky A, Frota DDCR, Gripp EDA, Barretto RBDM, Silva SME, Cauduro SA, Pinheiro AC, Araujo SPD, Tressino CG, Silva CES, Monaco CG, Paiva MG, Fisher CH, Alves MSL, Grau CRPDC, Santos MVCD, Guimarães ICB, Morhy SS, Leal GN, Soares AM, Cruz CBBV, Guimarães Filho FV, Assunção BMBL, Fernandes RM, Saraiva RM, Tsutsui JM, Soares FLDJ, Falcão SNDRS, Hotta VT, Armstrong ADC, Hygidio DDA, Miglioranza MH, Camarozano AC, Lopes MMU, Cerci RJ, Siqueira MEMD, Torreão JA, Rochitte CE, Felix A. Position Statement on the Use of Myocardial Strain in Cardiology Routines by the Brazilian Society of Cardiology's Department Of Cardiovascular Imaging - 2023. Arq Bras Cardiol 2023; 120:e20230646. [PMID: 38232246 DOI: 10.36660/abc.20230646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Central Illustration : Position Statement on the Use of Myocardial Strain in Cardiology Routines by the Brazilian Society of Cardiology's Department Of Cardiovascular Imaging - 2023 Proposal for including strain in the integrated diastolic function assessment algorithm, adapted from Nagueh et al.67 Am: mitral A-wave duration; Ap: reverse pulmonary A-wave duration; DD: diastolic dysfunction; LA: left atrium; LASr: LA strain reserve; LVGLS: left ventricular global longitudinal strain; TI: tricuspid insufficiency. Confirm concentric remodeling with LVGLS. In LVEF, mitral E wave deceleration time < 160 ms and pulmonary S-wave < D-wave are also parameters of increased filling pressure. This algorithm does not apply to patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), mitral annulus calcification, > mild mitral valve disease, left bundle branch block, paced rhythm, prosthetic valves, or severe primary pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marcelo Luiz Campos Vieira
- Instituto do Coração da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (Incor/FMUSP), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | - José Luiz Barros Pena
- Faculdade Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG - Brasil
- Hospital Felicio Rocho, Belo Horizonte, MG - Brasil
| | | | - Henry Abensur
- Beneficência Portuguesa de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Vera Maria Cury Salemi
- Instituto do Coração da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (Incor/FMUSP), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | - Camila Rocon
- Hospital do Coração (HCor), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | - Márcio Silva Miguel Lima
- Instituto do Coração da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (Incor/FMUSP), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | - Eliza de Almeida Gripp
- Hospital Pró-Cardiaco, Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brasil
- Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro da Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Maria Veronica Camara Dos Santos
- Departamento de Cardiologia Pediátrica (DCC/CP) da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia (SBC), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
- Sociedade Brasileira de Oncologia Pediátrica, São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | | | | | - Gabriela Nunes Leal
- Instituto da Criança e do Adolescente do Hospital das Clinicas Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Viviane Tiemi Hotta
- Instituto do Coração da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (Incor/FMUSP), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
- Grupo Fleury, São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | | | - Daniel de Andrade Hygidio
- Hospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição, Tubarão, SC - Brasil
- Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina (UNISUL), Tubarão, SC - Brasil
| | - Marcelo Haertel Miglioranza
- EcoHaertel - Hospital Mae de Deus, Porto Alegre, RS - Brasil
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS - Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | - Jorge Andion Torreão
- Hospital Santa Izabel, Salvador, BA - Brasil
- Santa Casa da Bahia, Salvador, BA - Brasil
| | - Carlos Eduardo Rochitte
- Instituto do Coração da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (Incor/FMUSP), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
- Hospital do Coração (HCor), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | - Alex Felix
- Diagnósticos da América SA (DASA), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
- Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia (INC), Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brasil
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Profeta V, McIntyre K, Wells M, Park C, Lynch DR. Omaveloxolone: an activator of Nrf2 for the treatment of Friedreich ataxia. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2023; 32:5-16. [PMID: 36708320 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2023.2173063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) is a rare autosomal recessive degenerative disorder characterized by ataxia, dysarthria, diabetes, cardiomyopathy, scoliosis, and occasionally vision loss in late-stage disease. The discovery of the abnormal gene in FRDA and its product frataxin has provided insight into the pathophysiology and mechanisms of treatment. AREAS COVERED Although the neurologic phenotype of FRDA is well defined, there are currently no established pharmacological treatments. Omaveloxolone, a nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activator, is currently under review by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and has the potential to be the first approved treatment for FRDA. In the present report, we have reviewed the basic and clinical literature on Nrf2 deficiency in FRDA, and evidence for the benefit of omaveloxolone. EXPERT OPINION The present perspective suggests that omaveloxolone is a rational and efficacious therapy that is possibly disease modifying in treatment of FRDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Profeta
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kellie McIntyre
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - McKenzie Wells
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Courtney Park
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David R Lynch
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Keita M, McIntyre K, Rodden LN, Schadt K, Lynch DR. Friedreich ataxia: clinical features and new developments. Neurodegener Dis Manag 2022; 12:267-283. [PMID: 35766110 PMCID: PMC9517959 DOI: 10.2217/nmt-2022-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA), a neurodegenerative disease characterized by ataxia and other neurological features, affects 1 in 50,000-100,000 individuals in the USA. However, FRDA also includes cardiac, orthopedic and endocrine dysfunction, giving rise to many secondary disease characteristics. The multifaceted approach for clinical care has necessitated the development of disease-specific clinical care guidelines. New developments in FRDA include the advancement of clinical drug trials targeting the NRF2 pathway and frataxin restoration. Additionally, a novel understanding of gene silencing in FRDA, reflecting a variegated silencing pattern, will have applications to current and future therapeutic interventions. Finally, new perspectives on the neuroanatomy of FRDA and its developmental features will refine the time course and anatomical targeting of novel approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medina Keita
- Departments of Pediatrics & Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kellie McIntyre
- Departments of Pediatrics & Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Layne N Rodden
- Departments of Pediatrics & Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kim Schadt
- Departments of Pediatrics & Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - David R Lynch
- Departments of Pediatrics & Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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6
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Neuromuscular diseases and their cardiac manifestations under the spectrum of cardiovascular imaging. Heart Fail Rev 2022; 27:2045-2058. [PMID: 35857244 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-022-10260-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Neuromuscular diseases (NMDs) include a broad spectrum of disorders that affect motor unit in every possible site, extending from the cell body of peripheral nerves to the muscle. The different lesion sites make this group of inherited disorders difficult to diagnose. Many NMDs, especially those involving skeletal muscles, can present significant cardiovascular complications, ranging from rhythm disturbances to the development of dilated or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Heart disease represents a major cause of morbidity and mortality among NMD patients, underlining the vital need for further familiarization with the pathogenesis and assessment of cardiac involvement. Cardiovascular imaging is the cornerstone for the evaluation of heart disorders in NMDs, with conventional echocardiography still offering a portable, affordable, and easily accessible solution. Meanwhile, newer echocardiographic techniques such as speckle tracking imaging in combination with cardiac magnetic resonance add new insights into further substrate characterization. The purpose of this review is to offer a brief presentation of the main NMDs and their cardiovascular complications, as well as the presentation of data that highlight the importance of cardiovascular imaging in early diagnosis, monitoring, and prognosis of these patients. Lastly, the authors provide a simple guide about which clinical features, imaging findings, and follow-up plan to adopt in each myopathic disorder.
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7
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Lynch DR, Schadt K, Kichula E, McCormack S, Lin KY. Friedreich Ataxia: Multidisciplinary Clinical Care. J Multidiscip Healthc 2021; 14:1645-1658. [PMID: 34234452 PMCID: PMC8253929 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s292945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) is a multisystem disorder affecting 1 in 50,000-100,000 person in the United States. Traditionally viewed as a neurodegenerative disease, FRDA patients also develop cardiomyopathy, scoliosis, diabetes and other manifestation. Although it usually presents in childhood, it continues throughout life, thus requiring expertise from both pediatric and adult subspecialist in order to provide optimal management. The phenotype of FRDA is unique, giving rise to specific loss of neuronal pathways, a unique form of cardiomyopathy with early hypertrophy and later fibrosis, and diabetes incorporating components of both type I and type II disease. Vision loss, hearing loss, urinary dysfunction and depression also occur in FRDA. Many agents are reaching Phase III trials; if successful, these will provide a variety of new treatments for FRDA that will require many specialists who are not familiar with FRDA to provide clinical therapy. This review provides a summary of the diverse manifestation of FRDA, existing symptomatic therapies, and approaches for integrative care for future therapy in FRDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Lynch
- Division of Neurology, Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and the Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Kim Schadt
- Division of Neurology, Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and the Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Elizabeth Kichula
- Division of Neurology, Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and the Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Shana McCormack
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and the Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Kimberly Y Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and the Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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Takazaki KAG, Quinaglia T, Venancio TD, Martinez ARM, Shah RV, Neilan TG, Jerosch-Herold M, Coelho-Filho OR, França MC. Pre-clinical left ventricular myocardial remodeling in patients with Friedreich's ataxia: A cardiac MRI study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246633. [PMID: 33770103 PMCID: PMC7996973 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart Failure (HF) is the most common cause of death in Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA), an inherited mitochondrial disease. Myocardial fibrosis and myocardial hypertrophy are well-documented autopsy features among FRDA patients with HF. OBJECTIVES To leverage the unique tissue characterization features of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) for characterizing myocardial remodeling in patients with genetically confirmed FRDA without HF and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF > 55%). METHODS Twenty-seven FRDA's patients (age 27.6 ± 9.7 years, 15 women) and 10 healthy controls (32.6±7.3 years, 5 women) underwent a CMR for assessment of LV function, myocardial T1, late gadolinium enhancement (LGE), extracellular volume fraction (ECV), and intracellular water-lifetime (τic), a marker of cardiomyocyte size. RESULTS As compared to controls, FRDA patients had a preserved LVEF (LVEF: 70.5±7.4% vs. 63.9±9.0%, P<0.058), larger LV mass index (LVMASSi: 61±21.7 vs. 45±4.2g/m2, P<0.02), and decreased LV end-diastolic volume index (LVEDVi 53.1±12.0 vs. 75.7±16.1ml/m2, P<0.001), compared with controls. Additionally, ECV and cardiomyocyte size (τic,) were larger in FRDA patients (ECV: 0.36 ±0.05 vs. 0.25±0.02, P<0.001; τic: 0.15±0.08 vs. 0.06±0.03 s, P = 0.02). ECV and τic were positively associated with LV mass-to-volume ratio (ECV: r = 0.57, P = 0.003; τic: r = 0.39; P = 0.05). LVMASSi and cardiomyocyte mass-index [(1-ECV)·LVMASSi] declined with age at the CMR exam, independent of the age at initial diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS LV hypertrophy and concentric LV remodeling in FRDA are associated at the tissue level with an expansion of the ECV and an increase in cardiomyocyte size. The adverse tissue remodeling assessed by ECV and τic is associated with more severe cardiomyopathy classification, suggesting a role for these markers in tracking disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen A. G. Takazaki
- Division of Medicine, Section of Neurology, Department of Neurology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas – UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thiago Quinaglia
- Division of Medicine, Section of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medicine, Section of Neurology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas – UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thiago D. Venancio
- Division of Medicine, Section of Neurology, Department of Neurology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas – UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alberto R. M. Martinez
- Division of Medicine, Section of Neurology, Department of Neurology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas – UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ravi V. Shah
- Division of Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Imaging Research Program and Cardiac MR PET CT Program, Department of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Tomas G. Neilan
- Division of Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Imaging Research Program and Cardiac MR PET CT Program, Department of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Michael Jerosch-Herold
- Division of Medicine, Section of MRI Physics, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Otávio R. Coelho-Filho
- Division of Medicine, Section of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medicine, Section of Neurology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas – UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcondes C. França
- Division of Medicine, Section of Neurology, Department of Neurology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas – UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Fomicheva EI, Myasnikov RP, Selivyorstov YA, Illarioshkin SN, Dadali EL, Drapkina OM. Cardiomyopathy of Friedreich's Disease. Modern Methods of Diagnostic. RATIONAL PHARMACOTHERAPY IN CARDIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.20996/1819-6446-2021-01-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Friedreich's disease is a hereditary neurodegenerative multiple organ disease, primarily affecting the most energy-dependent tissues (cells of the nervous system, myocardium, pancreas), the lesion of which is characterized by progressive ataxia, dysarthria, dysphagia, oculomotor disorders, loss of deep tendon reflexes, pyramid signs, diabetes mellitus, visual impairment. Friedreich's ataxia is the most common of all hereditary ataxias; nevertheless, this disease is considered orphan. By its pathogenesis, Friedreich's disease is mitochondrial ataxia, caused by a deficiency in the transcription of the FXN gene, leading to a decrease in the synthesis of the frataxin protein. Frataxin is a protein associated with the inner mitochondrial membrane, which in turn is involved in the formation of iron-sulfur clusters, the lack of which leads to a decrease in the production of mitochondrial ATP, an increase in the level of mitochondrial iron and oxidative stress. The basis of the clinical picture of Friedreich's disease is ataxia of a mixed (sensitive and cerebellar) nature. The steady and gradual progression of neurological symptoms significantly affects the quality of life of patients and is most often the leading reason for seeking medical attention. However, the prognosis is primarily due to the involvement of cardiac tissue in the pathological process. The main causes of death in patients with Friedreich's ataxia are severe heart failure and sudden cardiac death due to cardiomyopathy. The overwhelming majority of foreign and domestic publications on Friedreich's ataxia are devoted to the neurological manifestations of this disease, and little attention is paid to this problem in the cardiological scientific and practical society. The purpose of this review is to provide up-to-date information on modern methods of diagnosing myocardial damage at various stages of Friedreich's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. I. Fomicheva
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
| | - R. P. Myasnikov
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
| | | | | | - E. L. Dadali
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
| | - O. M. Drapkina
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
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10
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Legrand L, Heuze C, Diallo A, Monin ML, Ewenczyk C, Vicaut E, Montalescot G, Isnard R, Durr A, Pousset F. Prognostic value of longitudinal strain and ejection fraction in Friedreich's ataxia. Int J Cardiol 2021; 330:259-265. [PMID: 33592237 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2021.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Friedreich's ataxia (FA) is a rare autosomal recessive mitochondrial disease most commonly due to a triplet repeat expansion guanine-adenine-adenine (GAA) in the FXN gene. Cardiac disease is the major cause of death, patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) having the worse prognosis. Longitudinal strain (LS) appeared to be a better predictor of outcome than LVEF in different diseases. We compared the prognostic value of LS measured from the 4 chambers view to LVEF. METHODS From 2003 to 2017 consecutive patients with FA were included and LS analysis was retrospectively performed. RESULTS We studied 140 patients, with a median age of 34 (26-41) years (Q1-Q3) with age at onset of 14 (11-19) years and GAA repeats on the shorter allele of 600 (467-783) pb. Mean LS was 19.9 ± 5.0% and LVEF 64 ± 8%. After a mean follow-up of 7.4 ± 3.9 years, 14 patients died. In univariate Cox analysis, all-cause mortality was associated with: LS (HR 0.83; 95%CI, 0.75-0.91, p = 0.0002), LVEF (HR 0.30; 95%CI, 0.19-0.49, p < 0.0001), GAA repeats on the shorter allele (HR 1.29; 95%CI, 1.10-1.51, p = 0.002), age at onset (HR 0.87; 95%CI, 0.77-0.98, p = 0.018), LVSystolic Diameter (HR 1.17; 95%CI, 1.09-1.26, p < 0.0001), LVMass index (HR 1.02; 95%CI, 1.00-1.04, p = 0.027), and LVDiastolic Diameter (HR1.12; 95%CI, 1.01-1.23, p = 0.028). In multivariate analysis, LVEF was the only independent predictor of mortality (HR 0.41; 95%CI, 0.23-0.74, p = 0.0029). CONCLUSION In FA, LS was not an independent predictor of mortality, LVEF remained the only independent predictor in the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Legrand
- Sorbonne Université, Cardiology Department, AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France; ICAN (Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition), Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France; ACTION (Allies in Cardiovascular Trials Initiatives and Organized Networks) Group, France
| | - C Heuze
- Sorbonne Université, Cardiology Department, AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - A Diallo
- URC Lariboisière University Hospital, Paris, France; ACTION (Allies in Cardiovascular Trials Initiatives and Organized Networks) Group, France
| | - M L Monin
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), AP-HP, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - C Ewenczyk
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), AP-HP, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - E Vicaut
- URC Lariboisière University Hospital, Paris, France; ACTION (Allies in Cardiovascular Trials Initiatives and Organized Networks) Group, France
| | - G Montalescot
- Sorbonne Université, Cardiology Department, AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France; ICAN (Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition), Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France; ACTION (Allies in Cardiovascular Trials Initiatives and Organized Networks) Group, France
| | - R Isnard
- Sorbonne Université, Cardiology Department, AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France; ICAN (Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition), Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France; ACTION (Allies in Cardiovascular Trials Initiatives and Organized Networks) Group, France
| | - A Durr
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), AP-HP, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - F Pousset
- Sorbonne Université, Cardiology Department, AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France; ICAN (Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition), Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France; ACTION (Allies in Cardiovascular Trials Initiatives and Organized Networks) Group, France.
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11
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Salami CO, Jackson K, Jose C, Alyass L, Cisse GI, De BP, Stiles KM, Chiuchiolo MJ, Sondhi D, Crystal RG, Kaminsky SM. Stress-Induced Mouse Model of the Cardiac Manifestations of Friedreich's Ataxia Corrected by AAV-mediated Gene Therapy. Hum Gene Ther 2020; 31:819-827. [PMID: 32646255 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2019.363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Friedreich's ataxia (FA), an autosomal recessive disorder caused by a deficiency in the expression of frataxin (FXN), is characterized by progressive ataxia and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Although cardiac dysfunction is the most common cause of mortality in FA, the cardiac disease remains subclinical for most of the clinical course because the neurologic disease limits muscle oxygen demands. Previous FXN knockout mouse models exhibit fatal cardiomyopathy similar to human FA, but in contrast to the human condition, untreated mice become moribund by 2 months of age, unlike humans where the cardiac disease often does not manifest until the third decade. The study was designed to create a mouse model for early FA disease relevant to the time for which a gene therapy would likely be most effective. To generate a cardiac-specific mouse model of FA cardiomyopathy similar to the human disease, we used a cardiac promoter (αMyhc) driving CRE recombinase cardiac-specific excision of FXN exon 4 to generate a mild, cardiac-specific FA model that is normal at rest, but exhibits the cardiac phenotype with stress. The hearts of αMyhc mice had decreased levels of FXN and activity of the mitochondrial complex II/complex IV respiratory chain. At rest, αMyhc mice exhibited normal cardiac function as assessed by echocardiographic assessment of ejection fraction and fractional shortening, but when the heart was stressed chemically with dobutamine, αMyhc mice compared with littermate control mice had a 62% reduction in the stress ejection fraction (p < 2 × 10-4) and 71% reduction in stress-related fractional shortening (p < 10-5). When assessing functional cardiac performance using running on an inclined treadmill, αMyhc mice stayed above the midline threefold less than littermate controls (p < 0.02). A one-time intravenous administration of 1011 genome copies of AAVrh.10hFXN, an adeno-associated virus (AAV) serotype rh10 gene transfer vector expressing human FXN, corrected the stress-induced ejection fraction and fractional shortening phenotypes. Treated αMyhc mice exhibited exercise performance on a treadmill indistinguishable from littermate controls (p > 0.07). These αMyhc mice provide an ideal model to study long-term cardiac complications due to FA and AAV-mediated gene therapy correction of stress-induced cardiac phenotypes typical of human FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiana O Salami
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Katie Jackson
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Clarisse Jose
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Laith Alyass
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Georges-Ibrahim Cisse
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Bishnu P De
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Katie M Stiles
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Maria J Chiuchiolo
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Dolan Sondhi
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ronald G Crystal
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Stephen M Kaminsky
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
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12
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Legrand L, Diallo A, Monin ML, Ewenczyk C, Charles P, Isnard R, Vicaut E, Montalescot G, Durr A, Pousset F. Predictors of Left Ventricular Dysfunction in Friedreich's Ataxia in a 16-Year Observational Study. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs 2020; 20:209-216. [PMID: 31650522 DOI: 10.1007/s40256-019-00375-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA) is a cerebellar ataxia due to GAA repeat expansions in the FXN gene, and in affected patients, lower left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) leads to poorer prognosis. We aimed to identify patients likely to develop worsening LVEF at an early stage. METHODS We included 115 FRDA patients aged 30 ± 10 years with 620 ± 238 GAA repeats on the shorter allele and disease onset of 15 ± 7 years. RESULTS At baseline, left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy was present in 53%, with LVEF 65 ± 7%, LV end diastolic diameter (LVEDD) 43 ± 5 mm, septal wall thickness (SWT) 11.8 ± 2.7 mm, and posterior wall thickness 11.1 ± 2.5 mm. After a mean follow-up of 13 ± 6 years, LVEF ≤ 50% was observed in 12 patients. The main determinants of LVEF ≤ 50% were GAA repeat number on the shorter allele (odds ratio [OR] 1.007, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.003-1.012, p = 0.002), LVEDD (OR 1.217, 95% CI 1.058-1.399, p = 0.006), and SWT (OR 1.352, 95% CI 1.016-1.799, p = 0.04). High-risk patients were predicted 5 years before LVEF ≤ 50% occurred: area under the curve of 0.91, 95% CI 0.85-0.97. Patients with GAA repeats > 800 were categorized as high risk, patients with 500 < GAA < 800 were high risk if LVEDD was ≥ 52.6 mm and SWT was ≥ 13.3 mm, and patients with GAA < 500 were low risk if LVEDD was < 52.6 mm and SWT was < 13.3 mm. CONCLUSIONS Echocardiographic follow-up combined with size assessment of GAA repeat expansions is a powerful tool to identify patients at high risk of developing LV systolic dysfunction up to 5 years before clinical symptoms. Further studies are mandatory to investigate if these patients would benefit from cardiac interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Legrand
- Cardiology Department, AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- ICAN (Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition), Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Abdourahmane Diallo
- ACTION (Allies in Cardiovascular Trials Initiatives and Organized Networks) Group, URC Lariboisière University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Lorraine Monin
- Cardiology Department, AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Genetics Department, AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Claire Ewenczyk
- Genetics Department, AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Perrine Charles
- Genetics Department, AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Richard Isnard
- Cardiology Department, AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- ICAN (Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition), Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France
- ACTION (Allies in Cardiovascular Trials Initiatives and Organized Networks) Group, URC Lariboisière University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Eric Vicaut
- ACTION (Allies in Cardiovascular Trials Initiatives and Organized Networks) Group, URC Lariboisière University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Gilles Montalescot
- Cardiology Department, AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- ACTION (Allies in Cardiovascular Trials Initiatives and Organized Networks) Group, URC Lariboisière University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Alexandra Durr
- Genetics Department, AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- ICM (Brain and Spine Institute), INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Francoise Pousset
- Cardiology Department, AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.
- ICAN (Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition), Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France.
- Département de Cardiologie, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, 47 boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75651, Paris Cedex 13, France.
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13
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Peverill RE, Donelan L, Corben LA, Delatycki MB. Differences in the determinants of right ventricular and regional left ventricular long-axis dysfunction in Friedreich ataxia. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0209410. [PMID: 30596685 PMCID: PMC6312254 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) is an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative condition which also has effects on the heart. In 96% of affected individuals FRDA is due to homozygosity of a GAA repeat expansion in intron 1 of the frataxin (FXN) gene. The number of GAA repeats have been shown to relate to disease severity in FRDA, this thought to be via an inverse relationship of GAA repeat number and cellular frataxin levels. We investigated the effects of FRDA on regional long axis function of the left and right ventricles, and also the relationship of long axis systolic (s`) and early diastolic (e`) peak velocities with GAA repeat number on the shorter (GAA1) and longer FXN alleles (GAA2). METHODS The study group of 78 adult subjects (age 32±9 years) with FRDA and normal left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction were compared to 54 healthy control subjects of similar age, sex and body size. Tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) signals were recorded at the mitral annulus for measurement of s`and e`of the septal, lateral, anterior and inferior walls and at the tricuspid annulus for measurement of right ventricular (RV) s`and e`. RESULTS All the regional LV s`and e`, and both RV s`and RV e`, were lower in individuals with FRDA compared to controls (p<0.001 for all). On multivariate analysis, which included LV septal wall thickness (SWT), RV s`and RV e`were both inversely correlated with GAA1 (β = -0.32 & -0.33, respectively, p = 0.01), but not with GAA2, whereas anterior and lateral s`were both inversely correlated with GAA2 (β = -0.25 and β = -0.28, p = 0.02) but not with GAA1. Increasing SWT was the most consistent LV structural correlate of lower s`and e`, whereas age was a consistent inverse correlate of e`but not of s`. CONCLUSION There are generalized abnormalities of both LV regional and RV long axis function in FRDA, but there are also regional differences in the association of this dysfunction with the smaller and larger GAA repeats in the FXN gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger E. Peverill
- Monash Cardiovascular Research Centre, MonashHeart and Department of Medicine (School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health), Monash University and Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lesley Donelan
- Monash Cardiovascular Research Centre, MonashHeart and Department of Medicine (School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health), Monash University and Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Louise A. Corben
- Bruce Lefroy Centre for Genetic Health Research, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Martin B. Delatycki
- Bruce Lefroy Centre for Genetic Health Research, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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14
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Ten Years of 2D Longitudinal Strain for Early Myocardial Dysfunction Detection: A Clinical Overview. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:8979407. [PMID: 30627581 PMCID: PMC6304576 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8979407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the role of left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) as the gold standard parameter for the evaluation of systolic function has been questioned, and many efforts have been concentrated in the clinical validation of new noninvasive tools for the study of myocardial contractility. Improvement in the accuracy of speckle-tracking echocardiography has resulted in a large amount of research showing the ability of two-dimensional strain to overcome EF limitations in the majority of primary and secondary heart diseases. Currently, global longitudinal strain (GLS) is considered the most accurate and sensitive parameter for the assessment of early left ventricular dysfunction. This review summarizes the advantages that this measurement can provide in several clinical settings. Moreover, the important cautions that should be considered in making the choice to use GLS also are addressed. Finally, a special focus on bull's-eye polar maps for the assessment of regional changes of longitudinal function and the usefulness of these maps in the differential diagnosis of several diseases is provided.
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15
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Cesar S. Neuromuscular diseases with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Glob Cardiol Sci Pract 2018; 2018:27. [PMID: 30393639 PMCID: PMC6209456 DOI: 10.21542/gcsp.2018.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
[first paragraph of article]Neuromuscular disorders are frequently associated with cardiac abnormalities, even in pediatric population. Cardiac involvement includes both structural changes and conduction disease. In general, HCM is a rare manifestation of neuromuscular diseases. Autosomal dominant inheritance with mutations in sarcomeric genes are described in about 60% of young adults and adult population with HCM. Other genetic disorders, such as inherited metabolic and neuromuscular diseases and other chromosome abnormalities are responsible of 5–10% of HCM in adults. We review the most frequent neuromuscular diseases related with HCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Cesar
- Arrhythmia, Inherited Cardiac Diseases and Sudden Death Unit, Pediatric Cardiology Department, Sant Joan de Déu Hospital and Sant Joan de Déu Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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16
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Evaluation of myocardial deformation in patients with Kawasaki disease using speckle-tracking echocardiography during mid-term follow-up. Cardiol Young 2017; 27:1377-1385. [PMID: 28376935 DOI: 10.1017/s1047951117000580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Speckle-tracking echocardiography is a recently developed technique for the evaluation of myocardial deformation or strain. Our objective was to examine strain through a mid-term follow-up of patients with Kawasaki disease. METHODS We explored left ventricular mechanics using speckle-tracking echocardiography in 35 patients with a history of Kawasaki disease at least 6 months after the acute phase. We also included 30 healthy children as controls. Strain data sets were acquired for the quantification of left ventricular global strain, segmental strain, and left ventricular ejection fraction. RESULTS The mean age of our patients was 25.6±15.4 months. At a median follow-up of 57.5 months (16.5-98.2), although both values were in the normal range, the mean left ventricular ejection proportion of patients (57.3%) was a little lower than that of controls (p⩽0.05). Patient strain values at the basal inferoseptal (20.0), basal anterolateral (19.5), apical septal (23.3), and apical inferior (24.0) segments were lower compared with controls. In all, seven patients had coronary aneurysms during follow-up. Kawasaki disease patients with pyuria had lower left ventricular strain at the mid anterior, mid anteroseptal, apical anterior, and apical inferior segments and global longitudinal strain compared with patients with no pyuria (p⩽0.05). CONCLUSION In children with a history of Kawasaki disease, impairment of left ventricular mechanics occurs especially within the left anterior descending artery territories.
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17
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Gunasekaran P, Panaich S, Briasoulis A, Cardozo S, Afonso L. Incremental Value of Two Dimensional Speckle Tracking Echocardiography in the Functional Assessment and Characterization of Subclinical Left Ventricular Dysfunction. Curr Cardiol Rev 2017; 13:32-40. [PMID: 27411342 PMCID: PMC5324318 DOI: 10.2174/1573403x12666160712095938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 06/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Subclinical left ventricular (LV) dysfunction refers to subtle abnormalities in LV function which typically precede a reduction in the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). The assessment of myocardial function using LVEF, a radial metric of systolic function, is subject to load dependence, intra-observer and inter-observer variability. Reductions in LVEF typically manifest late in the disease process thus compromising the ability to intervene before irreversible impairment of systolic performance sets in. 2-Dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (2D-STE), a novel strain imaging modality has shown promise as a sensitive indicator of myocardial contractility. It arms the clinician with a powerful and practical tool to rapidly quantify cardiac mechanics, circumventing several inherent limitations of conventional echocardiography. This article highlights the incremental utility of 2D-STE in the detection of subclinical LV dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Luis Afonso
- Division of Cardiology, Wayne State University, Detroit Medical Center, 3990 John R, 8-Brush, Harper University Hospital, Detroit, Michigan-48201. United States
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18
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Liu D, Hu K, Nordbeck P, Ertl G, Störk S, Weidemann F. Longitudinal strain bull's eye plot patterns in patients with cardiomyopathy and concentric left ventricular hypertrophy. Eur J Med Res 2016; 21:21. [PMID: 27165726 PMCID: PMC4862218 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-016-0216-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite substantial advances in the imaging techniques and pathophysiological understanding over the last decades, identification of the underlying causes of left ventricular hypertrophy by means of echocardiographic examination remains a challenge in current clinical practice. The longitudinal strain bull’s eye plot derived from 2D speckle tracking imaging offers an intuitive visual overview of the global and regional left ventricular myocardial function in a single diagram. The bull’s eye mapping is clinically feasible and the plot patterns could provide clues to the etiology of cardiomyopathies. The present review summarizes the longitudinal strain, bull’s eye plot features in patients with various cardiomyopathies and concentric left ventricular hypertrophy and the bull’s eye plot features might serve as one of the cardiac workup steps on evaluating patients with left ventricular hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, Würzburg, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kai Hu
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, Würzburg, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Peter Nordbeck
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, Würzburg, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Georg Ertl
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, Würzburg, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Störk
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, Würzburg, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Frank Weidemann
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, Würzburg, Germany. .,Innere Klinik II, Medical Clinic II, Katharinen-Hospital, Obere Husemannstraße 2, 59423, Unna, Germany.
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19
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Peverill RE. Staging of cardiomyopathy in Friedreich ataxia. Int J Cardiol 2016; 202:574-5. [PMID: 26451786 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.09.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roger E Peverill
- Monash Cardiovascular Research Centre, MonashHeart and Department of Medicine (School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Medical Centre), Monash University and Monash Health, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
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20
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Mechanical Dyssynchrony and Abnormal Regional Strain Promote Erroneous Measurement of Systolic Function in Pediatric Heart Transplantation. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2015; 28:1161-1170, e2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2015.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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21
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Abstract
Over the past decade, new echocardiographic techniques such as three-dimensional echocardiography and the imaging of myocardial deformation (strain) have been developed, and are increasingly used in clinical practice. In this article, we describe the rationale and methodology, review available guidelines for practice, and discuss the advantages and limitations of each of these modalities. When available, we have also summarised the scientific evidence for the clinical application of these techniques to detect heart failure in children.
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22
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Weidemann F, Liu D, Hu K, Florescu C, Niemann M, Herrmann S, Kramer B, Klebe S, Doppler K, Üçeyler N, Ritter CO, Ertl G, Störk S. The cardiomyopathy in Friedreich's ataxia - New biomarker for staging cardiac involvement. Int J Cardiol 2015; 194:50-7. [PMID: 26005806 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.05.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with autosomal-recessively inherited Friedreich's ataxia (FA) may develop a hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (CM), which potentially progresses towards a life-limiting problem. The typical features of this CM and the sequence of progression are widely unknown. METHODS Thirty-two consecutive patients with genetically confirmed FA were included. All patients received resting electrocardiogram (ECG), 24-hour Holter-ECG, echocardiography with speckle tracking imaging, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI) with late enhancement imaging (for replacement fibrosis), and measurement of high-sensitive troponin-T (hsTNT). In addition, morphological parameters were retrospectively compared to data obtained five years before. RESULTS Based on criteria comprising ejection fraction (<55%), left ventricular end-diastolic posterior wall thickness (LVPWT ≥ 11 mm), fibrosis on cMRI, hsTNT ≥ 14 ng/ml, or T-wave-inversion, in all but two patients a CM could be detected (94%). Using these criteria we propose the following staging: a) mild CM (n=5, 16%; T-wave-inversion only); b) intermediate CM (n=4, 13%; T-wave-inversion with hypertrophy but no fibrosis); c) severe CM (n=13, 41%; fibrosis with raised hsTNT); and d) end-stage CM (n=8; 25%; ejection-fraction<55%). All patients with end-stage CM also showed fibrosis on cMRI, T-wave-inversion, marked elevation in hsTNT, and a decrease in LVPWT during the last five years (from 10.7 ± 1.2mm to 9.5 ± 1.3mm, p=0.025). In addition, 38% suffered from supraventricular tachycardia on Holter-ECG. CONCLUSIONS A comprehensive cardiac assessment will unravel established CM in almost all patients with FA with electrocardiographic abnormalities as earliest signs. Advanced stages can be characterized by elevated hsTNT and replacement fibrosis leading to recession of hypertrophy, reduction of global myocardial function, and electrical instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Weidemann
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Medical Clinic II, Katharinen-Hospital, Unna, Germany.
| | - Dan Liu
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kai Hu
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Cristiane Florescu
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Markus Niemann
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Herrmann
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bastian Kramer
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Klebe
- Department of Neurology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Doppler
- Department of Neurology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Nurcan Üçeyler
- Department of Neurology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Georg Ertl
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Störk
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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23
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Pantazis A, Vischer AS, Perez-Tome MC, Castelletti S. Diagnosis and management of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Echo Res Pract 2015; 2:R45-53. [PMID: 26693331 PMCID: PMC4676455 DOI: 10.1530/erp-15-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical spectrum of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is complex and includes a variety of phenotypes, which leads to different types of manifestations. Although most of the patients are asymptomatic, a significant proportion of them will develop symptoms or risk of arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death (SCD). Therefore, the objectives of HCM diagnosis and management are to relieve the patients' symptoms (chest pain, heart failure, syncope, palpitations, etc.), prevent disease progression and major cardiovascular complications and SCD. The heterogeneity of HCM patterns, their symptoms and assessment is a challenge for the cardiologist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonis Pantazis
- The Heart Hospital , 16-18 Westmoreland Street, London, W1G 8PH , UK
| | - Annina S Vischer
- The Heart Hospital , 16-18 Westmoreland Street, London, W1G 8PH , UK
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Weidemann F, Scholz F, Florescu C, Liu D, Hu K, Herrmann S, Ertl G, Störk S. [Heart involvement in Friedreich's ataxia]. Herz 2014; 40 Suppl 1:85-90. [PMID: 24848865 DOI: 10.1007/s00059-014-4097-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Friedreich's ataxia is a rare hereditary disease and although the gene defect has already been identified as a deficiency of the mitochondrial protein frataxin, the pathophysiology is still unknown. Although a multisystem disorder organ involvement is predominantly neurological. Besides the characteristic features of spinocerebellar ataxia the heart is frequently also affected. Cardiac involvement typically manifests as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, which can progress to heart failure and death. So far most research has focused on the neurological aspects and cardiac involvement in Friedreich's ataxia has not been systematically investigated. Thus, a better understanding of the progression of the cardiomyopathy, cardiac complications and long-term cardiac outcome is warranted. Although no specific treatment is available general cardiac therapeutic options for cardiomyopathy should be considered. The current review focuses on clinical and diagnostic features of cardiomyopathy and discusses potential therapeutic developments for Friedreich's ataxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Weidemann
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Deutsches Zentrum für Herzinsuffizienz, Universität Würzburg, Oberdürrbacherstr. 6, 97080, Würzburg, Deutschland,
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25
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Perdomini M, Belbellaa B, Monassier L, Reutenauer L, Messaddeq N, Cartier N, Crystal RG, Aubourg P, Puccio H. Prevention and reversal of severe mitochondrial cardiomyopathy by gene therapy in a mouse model of Friedreich's ataxia. Nat Med 2014; 20:542-7. [PMID: 24705334 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac failure is the most common cause of mortality in Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA), a mitochondrial disease characterized by neurodegeneration, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and diabetes. FRDA is caused by reduced levels of frataxin (FXN), an essential mitochondrial protein involved in the biosynthesis of iron-sulfur (Fe-S) clusters. Impaired mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, bioenergetics imbalance, deficit of Fe-S cluster enzymes and mitochondrial iron overload occur in the myocardium of individuals with FRDA. No treatment exists as yet for FRDA cardiomyopathy. A conditional mouse model with complete frataxin deletion in cardiac and skeletal muscle (Mck-Cre-Fxn(L3/L-) mice) recapitulates most features of FRDA cardiomyopathy, albeit with a more rapid and severe course. Here we show that adeno-associated virus rh10 vector expressing human FXN injected intravenously in these mice fully prevented the onset of cardiac disease. Moreover, later administration of the frataxin-expressing vector, after the onset of heart failure, was able to completely reverse the cardiomyopathy of these mice at the functional, cellular and molecular levels within a few days. Our results demonstrate that cardiomyocytes with severe energy failure and ultrastructure disorganization can be rapidly rescued and remodeled by gene therapy and establish the preclinical proof of concept for the potential of gene therapy in treating FRDA cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Perdomini
- 1] Départment de Médecine Translationnelle et Neurogénétique, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France. [2] INSERM, U596, Illkirch, France. [3] CNRS, UMR7104, Illkirch, France. [4] Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France. [5] Collège de France, Chaire de génétique humaine, Illkirch, France. [6]
| | - Brahim Belbellaa
- 1] Départment de Médecine Translationnelle et Neurogénétique, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France. [2] INSERM, U596, Illkirch, France. [3] CNRS, UMR7104, Illkirch, France. [4] Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France. [5] Collège de France, Chaire de génétique humaine, Illkirch, France. [6]
| | - Laurent Monassier
- Laboratoire de Neurobiologie et Pharmacologie Cardiovasculaire, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Laurence Reutenauer
- 1] Départment de Médecine Translationnelle et Neurogénétique, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France. [2] INSERM, U596, Illkirch, France. [3] CNRS, UMR7104, Illkirch, France. [4] Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France. [5] Collège de France, Chaire de génétique humaine, Illkirch, France
| | - Nadia Messaddeq
- 1] Départment de Médecine Translationnelle et Neurogénétique, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France. [2] INSERM, U596, Illkirch, France. [3] CNRS, UMR7104, Illkirch, France. [4] Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France. [5] Collège de France, Chaire de génétique humaine, Illkirch, France
| | | | - Ronald G Crystal
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA
| | - Patrick Aubourg
- 1] INSERM, U986, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France. [2] University Paris-Sud, Paris, France. [3] Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Puccio
- 1] Départment de Médecine Translationnelle et Neurogénétique, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France. [2] INSERM, U596, Illkirch, France. [3] CNRS, UMR7104, Illkirch, France. [4] Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France. [5] Collège de France, Chaire de génétique humaine, Illkirch, France
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Lynch DR, Regner SR, Schadt KA, Friedman LS, Lin KY, Sutton MGSJ. Management and therapy for cardiomyopathy in Friedreich’s ataxia. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2014; 10:767-77. [DOI: 10.1586/erc.12.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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27
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Weidemann F, Störk S, Liu D, Hu K, Herrmann S, Ertl G, Niemann M. Cardiomyopathy of Friedreich ataxia. J Neurochem 2013; 126 Suppl 1:88-93. [PMID: 23859344 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Revised: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Friedreich's ataxia is a rare hereditary, predominantly neurologically defined multisystem disorder of mitochondrial function. Although the gene defect has been identified, the precise pathophysiology of the deficient mitochondrial protein, frataxin, is unknown. Besides the characteristic features of spinocerebellar ataxia the heart may also be affected, and patients may experience a hypertrophic cardiomyopathy eventually progressing toward heart failure and death. So far, research focused on the neurological aspects and little attention has been paid to better characterize and understand the cardiac involvement in Friedreich's ataxia. For that, a better understanding of longitudinal progression, cardiac complications and long-term cardiac outcome is warranted. In addition, the clinician should be familiar with the therapeutic option in Friedreich cardiomyopathy. This review discusses important clinical and diagnostic features of the cardiomyopathy in Friedreich's ataxia and potential therapeutic developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Weidemann
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
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28
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St John Sutton M, Ky B, Regner SR, Schadt K, Plappert T, He J, D'Souza B, Lynch DR. Longitudinal strain in Friedreich Ataxia: a potential marker for early left ventricular dysfunction. Echocardiography 2013; 31:50-7. [PMID: 23834395 DOI: 10.1111/echo.12287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA) is a neurodegenerative disorder resulting from deficiency of frataxin, characterized by cardiac hypertrophy associated with heart failure and sudden cardiac death. However, the relationship between remodeling and novel measures of cardiac function such as strain, and the time-dependent changes in these measures are poorly defined. METHODS AND RESULTS We compared echocardiographic parameters of cardiac size, hypertrophy, and function in 50 FRDA patients with 50 normal controls and quantified the following measures of cardiac remodeling and function: left ventricular (LV) volumes, mass, relative wall thickness (RWT), ejection fraction (EF), and myocardial strain. Linear regression analysis was used to identify significant differences in echocardiographic parameters in FRDA compared with normal subjects. In analyses adjusted for age, sex, and body surface area, significant differences were observed between parameters of remodeling (LV mass, RWT, and volumes) and function in FRDA patients compared with controls. In particular, longitudinal strain was significantly decreased in FRDA patients compared with controls (-12.4% vs. -16.0%, P < 0.001), despite similar and normal left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Over 3 years of follow-up, there was no change in strain, LV size, LV mass, or LVEF among FRDA patients. CONCLUSION Longitudinal strain is reduced in FRDA despite normal LVEF, indicative of subclinical cardiac dysfunction. Given late declines in LVEF in FRDA, longitudinal strain may provide an earlier index of myocardial dysfunction in FRDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin St John Sutton
- Department of Cardiology, University of Pennsylvania Medical School, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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29
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Dedobbeleer C, Hadefi A, Naeije R, Unger P. Left ventricular adaptation to acute hypoxia: a speckle-tracking echocardiography study. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2013; 26:736-45. [PMID: 23706341 DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2013.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxia depresses myocardial contractility in vitro but does not affect or may even improve indices of myocardial performance in vivo, possibly through associated changes in autonomic nervous system tone. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of hypoxic breathing on speckle-tracking echocardiographic indices of left ventricular function, with and without β1-adrenergic inhibition. METHODS Speckle-tracking echocardiography was performed in 21 healthy volunteers in normoxia and after 30 min of hypoxic breathing (fraction of inspired oxygen, 0.12). Measurements were also obtained after the administration of atropine in normoxia (n = 21) and after bisoprolol intake in normoxia (n = 6) and in hypoxia (n = 10). RESULTS Hypoxia increased heart rate (from 68 ± 11 to 74 ± 9 beats/min, P = .001), without changing mean blood pressure (P = NS), and decreased total peripheral resistance (P = .003). Myocardial deformation magnitude increased (circumferential strain, -19.6 ± 1.9% vs -21.2 ± 2.5%; radial strain, 19.2 ± 3.7% vs 22.6 ± 4.1%, P < .05; longitudinal and circumferential strain rate, -0.88 ± 0.11 vs -0.99 ± 0.15 sec(-1) and -1.03 ± 0.16 vs -1.18 ± 0.18 sec(-1), respectively, P < .05 for both; peak twist, 8.98 ± 3.2° vs 11.1 ± 2.9°, P < .05). Except for peak twist, these deformation parameters were correlated with total peripheral resistance (P < .05). Atropine increased only longitudinal strain rate magnitude (-0.88 ± 0.11 vs -0.97 ± 0.14 sec(-1), P < .05). The increased magnitude of myocardial deformation persisted in hypoxia under bisoprolol (P < .05). In normoxia, bisoprolol decreased heart rate (73 ± 10 vs 54 ± 7 beats/min, P = .0005), mean blood pressure (88 ± 7 vs 81 ± 4 mm Hg, P = .0027), without altering deformation. CONCLUSIONS Hypoxic breathing increases left ventricular deformation magnitude in normal subjects, and this effect may not be attributed to hypoxia-induced tachycardia or β1-adrenergic pathway changes but to hypoxia-induced systemic vasodilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Dedobbeleer
- Department of Cardiology, Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
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Forsey J, Friedberg MK, Mertens L. Speckle Tracking Echocardiography in Pediatric and Congenital Heart Disease. Echocardiography 2013; 30:447-59. [DOI: 10.1111/echo.12131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Forsey
- The Labatt Family Heart Center; The Hospital for Sick Children; The University of Toronto; Toronto; Ontario; Canada
| | - Mark K Friedberg
- The Labatt Family Heart Center; The Hospital for Sick Children; The University of Toronto; Toronto; Ontario; Canada
| | - Luc Mertens
- The Labatt Family Heart Center; The Hospital for Sick Children; The University of Toronto; Toronto; Ontario; Canada
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31
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Thavendiranathan P, Grant AD, Negishi T, Plana JC, Popović ZB, Marwick TH. Reproducibility of echocardiographic techniques for sequential assessment of left ventricular ejection fraction and volumes: application to patients undergoing cancer chemotherapy. J Am Coll Cardiol 2012. [PMID: 23199515 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2012.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 483] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to identify the best echocardiographic method for sequential quantification of left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF) and volumes in patients undergoing cancer chemotherapy. BACKGROUND Decisions regarding cancer therapy are based on temporal changes of EF. However the method for EF measurement with the lowest temporal variability is unknown. METHODS We selected patients in whom stable function in the face of chemotherapy for breast cancer was defined by stability of global longitudinal strain (GLS) at up to 5 time points (baseline, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months). In this way, changes in EF were considered to reflect temporal variability of measurements rather than cardiotoxicity. A comprehensive echocardiogram consisting of 2-dimensional (2D) and 3-dimensional (3D) acquisitions with and without contrast administration was performed at each time point. Stable LV function was defined as normal GLS (≤-16.0%) at each examination. The EF and volumes were measured with 2D-biplane Simpson's method, 2D-triplane, and 3-dimensional echocardiography (3DE) by 2 investigators blinded to any clinical data. Inter-, intra-, and test-retest variability were assessed in a subgroup. Variability was assessed by analysis of variance and compared with Levene's or t test. RESULTS Among 56 patients (all female, 54 ± 13 years of age), noncontrast 3D EF, end-diastolic volume, and end-systolic volume had significantly lower temporal variability than all other methods. Contrast only decreased the temporal variability of LV end-diastolic volume measurements by the 2D biplane method. Our data suggest that a temporal variability in EF of 0.06 might occur with noncontrast 3DE due to physiological differences and measurement variability, whereas this might be >0.10 with 2D methods. Overall, 3DE also had the best intra- and inter-observer as well as test-retest variability. CONCLUSIONS Noncontrast 3DE was the most reproducible technique for LVEF and LV volume measurements over 1 year of follow-up.
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Shahul S, Rhee J, Hacker MR, Gulati G, Mitchell JD, Hess P, Mahmood F, Arany Z, Rana S, Talmor D. Subclinical left ventricular dysfunction in preeclamptic women with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction: a 2D speckle-tracking imaging study. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2012; 5:734-9. [PMID: 22891044 DOI: 10.1161/circimaging.112.973818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with preeclampsia are at risk for cardiovascular disease. Changes in cardiac function are subtle in preeclampsia and are difficult to quantify with conventional imaging. Strain measurements using speckle-tracking echocardiography have been used to sensitively quantify abnormalities in other disease settings. METHODS AND RESULTS We evaluated the feasibility and sensitivity of strain imaging using speckle-tracking echocardiography in women with preeclampsia. Forty-seven women were enrolled in this pilot study and 39 were analyzed: 11 with preeclampsia, 17 without a hypertensive disorder, and 11 with nonproteinuric hypertension. Echocardiographic ejection fraction and global peak longitudinal, radial, and circumferential strain were measured. Longitudinal strain was significantly worsened in women with preeclampsia compared with women without a hypertensive disorder (P=0.0001). Similar results were observed for radial strain (P=0.006) and circumferential strain (P=0.03). Women with preeclampsia also had significantly worsened longitudinal (P=0.04), radial (P=0.01), and circumferential (P=0.002) strain compared with women with nonproteinuric hypertension. Women with preeclampsia did not have a significantly different ejection fraction compared with women without a hypertensive disorder (P=0.16) and women with nonproteinuric hypertension (P=0.44). CONCLUSIONS Myocardial strain imaging using speckle tracking is more sensitive than left ventricular ejection fraction to detect differences in left ventricular systolic function in women with and without preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajid Shahul
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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