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Hersberger-Zurfluh MA, Motro M, Kantarci A, Will LA, Eliades T, Papageorgiou SN. Genetic and environmental impact on mandibular growth in mono- and dizygotic twins during adolescence: A retrospective cohort study. Int Orthod 2024; 22:100842. [PMID: 38217936 DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2023.100842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to discover the genetic and environmental factors that contribute to the mandibular development of untreated monozygotic and dizygotic twins. MATERIAL AND METHODS The sample, taken from the Forsyth Moorrees Twin Study, included 52 untreated monozygotic twins (36 male, 16 female) and 46 untreated dizygotic twins (23 male, 23 female). At the ages of 12 and 17, lateral cephalograms were collected and traced to assess total mandibular length, mandibular ramus length, mandibular corpus length, gonial angle, SNB, and bony chin prominence. The genetic and environmental components of variation were assessed using multilevel mixed-effects structural equation modelling. RESULTS At 12 years of age, high additive genetic influences were observed for total mandibular length (74%), gonial angle (76%), SNB (41%), and bony chin prominence (64%), whereas strong dominant genetic components were observed for corpus length (72%), and mandibular ramus length was under unique environment influence (54%). At 17 years of age, only total mandibular length (45%), ramus length (53%), gonial angle (76%), and bony chin prominence (68%) were under strong additive genetic control, while the remainder were under strong dominant genetic control. CONCLUSIONS Although monozygotic and dizygotic twins share at least a portion of their DNA, additive, dominant, or environmental components were discovered during adolescence. Nonetheless, by the age of 17, the majority of the mandibular traits are under either additive or dominant genetic impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika A Hersberger-Zurfluh
- Clinic of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Melih Motro
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Mass, USA
| | - Alpdogan Kantarci
- Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Mass; Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Mass, USA
| | - Leslie A Will
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Mass, USA
| | - Theodore Eliades
- Clinic of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Spyridon N Papageorgiou
- Clinic of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Hersberger-Zurfluh MA, Papageorgiou SN, Motro M, Kantarci A, Will LA, Eliades T. Genetic and environmental components of vertical growth in mono- and dizygotic twins up to 15-18 years of age. Angle Orthod 2021; 91:384-390. [PMID: 33523142 DOI: 10.2319/060520-515.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the additive genetic and environmental contributions to the vertical growth of craniofacial structures. MATERIALS AND METHODS The sample consisted of 64 untreated monozygotic (44 male, 20 female) and 61 untreated dizygotic twins (32 male, 29 female). Lateral cephalograms taken at 15 and 18 years of age were traced to analyze the sella-nasion-nasal line angle (SN-NL), nasal line-mandibular line angle (ML-NL), sella-nasion-mandibular line angle (SN-ML), sella-nasion-sella-gnathion angle (Y-axis), posterior face height/anterior face height (PFH/AFH), and lower anterior face height/anterior face height (LAFH/AFH). The genetic and environmental components of variance were analyzed with structural equation modeling for multilevel mixed effects. RESULTS At 15 years of age, strong dominant genetic control was seen for NL-ML (81%), LAFH/AFH (73%), and Y-axis (57%), whereas strong additive genetic components were found for PFH/AFH (78%), SN-NL (58%), and SN-ML (57%). Unique environmental factors accounted for 18-42% of observed variance, with SN-NL being affected the most (42%). At 18 years of age, only LAFH/AFH (86%) was under strong dominant genetic control, whereas the remainder were under additive genetic influence. The sole exception was SN-NL, which changed from additive to unique environmental influence. CONCLUSIONS Either additive or dominant genetic components were found at 15 or 18 years of age for most vertical variables. Environmental factors accounted for about 10-40%, with SN-NL being mostly affected.
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Hersberger-Zurfluh MA, Papageorgiou SN, Motro M, Kantarci A, Will LA, Eliades T. Vertical growth in mono-and dizygotic twins: A longitudinal cephalometric cohort study. Orthod Craniofac Res 2019; 23:192-201. [PMID: 31746097 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aims of this longitudinal analysis of untreated monozygotic and dizygotic twins were to investigate vertical changes of the craniofacial structures during growth, to determine the concordance between genetically twins and to assess the genetic component for the various aspects of vertical growth. SETTINGS AND SAMPLE POPULATION The sample consisted of 34 pairs of untreated monozygotic twins (23 male, 11 female) and 30 untreated dizygotic siblings of multiple birth (8 male, 8 female and 14 mixed) from the Forsyth Moorrees Twin Study (1959-1975); lateral cephalograms taken from 6 to 18 years of age were analysed at 3-year intervals. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cephalograms were traced, and longitudinal changes between twins in six angular and proportional vertical cephalometric variables (SN-NL, ML-NL, SN-ML, y-axis, PFH/AFH and LAFH/AFH) were analysed with intraclass correlation coefficients and linear regression modelling. RESULTS The concordance between monozygotic/dizygotic twins at 18 years of age was moderate to high with intraclass correlation coefficient values between 0.51 and 0.66. Additionally, sex differences in concordance at 18 years of age were found for three variables. High heritability (66%-79%) was observed for 5 of the 6 variables (LAFH/AFH, ML-NL, y-axis, SN-ML, PFH/AFH), while SN-NL showed limited heritability (34%). CONCLUSIONS Although monozygotic/dizygotic twins share at least part of their genetic material, differences in the vertical dimension were found. This supports the complex developmental mechanism of the human face and the varying influence of genetic and environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika A Hersberger-Zurfluh
- Clinic of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Spyridon N Papageorgiou
- Clinic of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Melih Motro
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts.,Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Alpdogan Kantarci
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts.,Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Leslie A Will
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Theodore Eliades
- Clinic of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Amini F, Borzabadi-Farahani A. Heritability of dental and skeletal cephalometric variables in monozygous and dizygous Iranian twins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.odw.2009.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fariborz Amini
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, School of Dentistry, Islamic Azad Medical University, Tehran, Iran
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Šidlauskas M, Šalomskienė L, Andriuškevičiūtė I, Šidlauskienė M, Labanauskas Ž, Vasiliauskas A, Kupčinskas L, Juzėnas S, Šidlauskas A. Heritability of mandibular cephalometric variables in twins with completed craniofacial growth. Eur J Orthod 2015; 38:493-502. [PMID: 26503948 DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjv062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine genetic and environmental impact on mandibular morphology using lateral cephalometric analysis of twins with completed mandibular growth and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) based zygosity determination. MATERIALS AND METHODS The 39 cephalometric variables of 141 same gender adult pair of twins were analysed. Zygosity was determined using 15 specific DNA markers and cervical vertebral maturation method was used to assess completion of the mandibular growth. A genetic analysis was performed using maximum likelihood genetic structural equation modelling (GSEM). RESULTS The genetic heritability estimates of angular variables describing horizontal mandibular position in relationship to cranial base and maxilla were considerably higher than in those describing vertical position. The mandibular skeletal cephalometric variables also showed high heritability estimates with angular measurements being considerably higher than linear ones. Results of this study indicate that the angular measurements representing mandibular skeletal morphology (mandibular form) have greater genetic determination than the linear measurements (mandibular size). CONCLUSIONS The shape and sagittal position of the mandible is under stronger genetic control, than is its size and vertical relationship to cranial base.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Limas Kupčinskas
- ***Institute for Digestive Research, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Simonas Juzėnas
- ***Institute for Digestive Research, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
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The comparison of facial estethics between orthodontically treated patients and their parents. ScientificWorldJournal 2013; 2013:903507. [PMID: 24222754 PMCID: PMC3814064 DOI: 10.1155/2013/903507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Orthodontists emphasize the importance of facial esthetics while planning a treatment, and orthodontist state that orthodontics have more than expected effects on dentofacial esthetics. The facial esthetics of treated patients and their parents was analyzed and compared to define facial growth and to use in forensic sciences. Our study was applied to 45 orthodontic patients who were treated in our clinic and their untreated parents. The patients were divided into Classes I, II, and III groups according to their malocclusions. Pre- and posttreatment changes, pretreatment facial esthetics of the paitents and its accordance with their parents, and the calculation of heritability tests were performed. After the statistics, for pre- and posttreatment changes, all the groups except Class I revealed significant changes. There were significant correlations of patients for the heritability values and pretreatment esthetic in accordance with parents, but there were more correlations of fathers when compared to mothers. The facial esthetics in adolescences is related with so many factors, not only related with one factor. The facial esthetics in fact includes the aim of evaluation of facial properties partly or totally. Because orthodontic treatments affect facial esthetics, performing similar studies for the treatment outcomes, capabilities, and borders is important.
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Sreedevi G, Srinivas B, Reddy TPK, Prasad CMSK, Kumar BS, Satish R. Heritability of thirty cephalometric parameters on monozygotic and dizygotic twins: twin study method. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013; 14:304-311. [PMID: 23811664 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Genetic mechanisms are already predominant during embryonic craniofacial morphogenesis, but environment is also thought to influence dentofacial morphology postnatally, particularly during facial growth. A better understanding of the relative effects of genes and environment on dentofacial and occlusal parameters should improve our knowledge on the etiology of orthodontic disorders and therefore also on the possibilities and limitations of the orthodontic treatment and treatment planning. The aim of the present study is to explore the genetic and environmental influence on craniofacial dimensions in a group of 19 pairs of twins using the twin study method. The twin study carried out here clearly indicates that craniofacial matrix is under substantial genetic control and the redirection of a basic growth pattern may be modified only within biological limits which are harmonious for the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gojja Sreedevi
- Department of Orthodontics, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, Patia, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
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Gelgör IE, Karaman AI, Zekiç E. The use of parental data to evaluate soft tissues in an Anatolian Turkish population according to Holdaway soft tissue norms. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2006; 129:330.e1-9. [PMID: 16527625 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2005.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2005] [Revised: 09/17/2005] [Accepted: 09/17/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The relative influence of genetic and environmental factors in the etiology of malocclusion has long been a matter for discussion. The aim of this study was to compare the soft tissue structures of parents and their prepubertal, pubertal, and postpubertal offspring according to the Holdaway soft tissue norms to determine the similarity among them. Differences related to age and sex between the parents and offspring were also evaluated. METHODS Lateral cephalometric radiographs were used to determine the similarities in soft tissue structures in 120 families, which were divided into prepubertal (n = 40), pubertal (n = 40), and postpubertal (n = 40) groups according to the children's skeletal ages. A total of 12 variables (2 angular and 10 linear) were measured according to Holdaway's soft tissue analysis. Pairs were formed between family members (mother to son, mother to daughter, father to son, father to daughter, midparent (mean of the father's and mother's values) to son, and midparent to daughter) in each group. Descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression analysis were performed. RESULTS Statistically significant correlations between parents and their offspring were found. The parental data showed that a mother's genetic influence on her child's soft tissues was greater than the father's. Moreover, it was found that daughters had greater genetic influences from their parents than did sons. As age increased, the similarity was greater. Soft tissue facial angle (beta: 0.671), soft tissue chin thickness (beta: 0.549), and basic upper lip thickness (beta: 0.537) were the most similar variables between parents and their offspring. CONCLUSIONS A few selected cephalometric measurements of the parents might furnish important data to the clinician in predicting a child's facial growth characteristics and aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Erhan Gelgör
- Department of Orthodontics, Kirikkale University, Faculty of Dentistry, Kirikkale, Turkey.
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Johannsdottir B, Thorarinsson F, Thordarson A, Magnusson TE. Heritability of craniofacial characteristics between parents and offspring estimated from lateral cephalograms. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2005; 127:200-7; quiz 260-1. [PMID: 15750539 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2004.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of the study was to estimate the heritability of different cephalometric parameters, according to lateral cephalograms, between parents and their offspring in an Icelandic population. METHODS The material was collected at the Faculty of Odontology, University of Iceland. The subjects were 363 children (6 years of age) and their parents. Material was also collected from the same group of children at the age of 16 years. Twenty-two reference points were identified on each cephalogram, and 33 variables were calculated, both angular and linear. Heritability was calculated at ages 6 and 16. RESULTS Daughters had more variables that reached the level of significance than did sons. Daughters showed similar heritability to both parents at both age levels, but more variables were highly significant ( P < or = .001) in the daughter-father groups. Sons showed stronger heritability to their mothers at both ages. The variables showing the greatest heritability were those representing the position of the lower jaw, the anterior and posterior face heights, and the cranial base dimensions. Heritability was notably low for the dental variables. CONCLUSIONS Genetic aberrations can be detected for complex polygenetic multifactorial traits. Cephalometric data can support predictions, and analysis of parental data could have predictive value for offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berglind Johannsdottir
- Faculty of Odontology, University of Iceland, Vatnsmýrarvegi 16, Reykjavik IS-101, Iceland.
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