1
|
Rodean I, Beganu E, Hodas R, Himcinschi E, Bordi L, Benedek T. Cardiac Magnetic Resonance and Myocardial Viability: Why Is It so Important? JOURNAL OF INTERDISCIPLINARY MEDICINE 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/jim-2017-0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
For a better assessment of ischemic heart diseases, myocardial viability should be quantified. Current studies underline the importance and the evolution of several techniques and methods used in the evaluation of myocardial viability. Taking into account these considerations, the aim of this manuscript was to present the recent points of view regarding myocardial viability and its clinical significance in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathies and left ventricular dysfunction. On the other hand, the manuscript points out the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), one of the most useful noninvasive imaging techniques, in the assessment of myocardial viability. By comparing the advantages and disadvantages of cardiac MRI, its usefulness can be better appreciated by the clinician. In the following years, it is considered that MRI will be an indispensable imaging tool in the assessment of ischemic heart disease, guiding interventions for revascularization and long-term risk stratification in patients with stable angina or myocardial infarction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Rodean
- Center of Advanced Research in Multimodality Cardiac Imaging, Cardio Med Medical Center , Tîrgu Mureș , Romania
| | - Elena Beganu
- Center of Advanced Research in Multimodality Cardiac Imaging, Cardio Med Medical Center , Tîrgu Mureș , Romania
| | - Roxana Hodas
- Center of Advanced Research in Multimodality Cardiac Imaging, Cardio Med Medical Center , Tîrgu Mureș , Romania
| | - Elisabeta Himcinschi
- Center of Advanced Research in Multimodality Cardiac Imaging, Cardio Med Medical Center , Tîrgu Mureș , Romania
| | - Lehel Bordi
- Center of Advanced Research in Multimodality Cardiac Imaging, Cardio Med Medical Center , Tîrgu Mureș , Romania
| | - Theodora Benedek
- Center of Advanced Research in Multimodality Cardiac Imaging, Cardio Med Medical Center , Tîrgu Mureș , Romania
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Tîrgu Mureș , Romania
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Olivecrona GK, Lagerqvist B, Fröbert O, Gudnason T, Maeng M, Råmunddal T, Haupt J, Kellerth T, Stewart J, Sarno G, Jensen J, Östlund O, James SK. Impact of thrombus aspiration during ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: a six month composite endpoint and risk of stroke analyses of the TASTE trial. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2016; 16:62. [PMID: 27036735 PMCID: PMC4818511 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-016-0238-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Routine thrombus aspiration during primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) did not reduce the primary composite endpoint in the "A Randomised Trial of Routine Aspiration ThrOmbecTomy With PCI Versus PCI ALone in Patients With STEMI Undergoing Primary PCI" (TOTAL) trial. We aimed to analyse a similar endpoint in "The Thrombus Aspiration in ST-Elevation myocardial infarction in Scandinavia" (TASTE) trial up to 180 days. METHODS In TASTE, 7244 patients with STEMI were randomised to thrombus aspiration followed by PCI or to PCI alone. We analysed the quadruple composite endpoint of cardiovascular death, cardiogenic shock, rehospitalisation for myocardial infarction, or new hospitalisation for heart failure. Furthermore, an extended net-benefit composite endpoint including stent thrombosis, target vessel revascularization or stroke within 180 days was analysed. RESULTS The primary quadruple composite endpoint occurred in 8.7 % (316 of 3621) in the thrombus aspiration group compared to 9.3 % (338 of 3623) in the PCI alone group (hazard ratio (HR), 0.93; 95 % confidence interval (CI); 0.80 - 1.09, P = 0.36) and the extended net-benefit composite endpoint in 12.0 % (436) vs. 13.2 % (479) (HR, 0.90; 95 % CI; 0.79 - 1.03, P = 0.12). Stroke within 30 days occurred in 0.7 % (27) vs. 0.7 % (24) (HR, 0.89; 95 % CI; 0.51-1.54, P = 0.68). CONCLUSIONS A large and an extended composite endpoint analysis from the TASTE trial did not demonstrate any clinical benefit of routine thrombus aspiration during PCI in patients with STEMI. There was no evidence of an increased risk of stroke with thrombus aspiration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Göran K Olivecrona
- />Department of Cardiology, Skane University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, 221 85 Sweden
| | - Bo Lagerqvist
- />Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology and Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ole Fröbert
- />Department of Cardiology, Örebro University, Faculty of Health, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Thórarinn Gudnason
- />Department of Cardiology, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Michael Maeng
- />Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Truls Råmunddal
- />Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jan Haupt
- />PCI Unit, Sunderby Hospital, Sunderby, Sweden
| | - Thomas Kellerth
- />Department of Cardiology, Örebro University, Faculty of Health, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Jason Stewart
- />Department of Cardiology, Skaraborgs Hospital, Skövde, Sweden
| | - Giovanna Sarno
- />Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology and Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jens Jensen
- />Department of Cardiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm and Sundsvall Hospital, Sundsvall, Sweden
| | - Ollie Östlund
- />Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology and Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stefan K James
- />Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology and Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ogasawara S, Mukawa H, Sone T, Tsuboi H, Morishima I, Uesugi M, Matsushita E, Morita Y, Okumura K, Murohara T. Presence of myocardial hypoenhancement on multidetector computed tomography after primary percutaneous coronary intervention in acute myocardial infarction predicts poor prognosis. Int J Cardiol 2015; 184:101-107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.01.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
4
|
Abstract
The improvement in revascularization techniques and medicine treatment during infarction has substantially reduced mortality during the acute phase of this condition. Since the advent of kinetic sequences and the concomitant development of gadolinium chelates and delayed enhancement sequences, cardiac MRI has become the second-line reference examination for ischemic heart disease. The technique of delayed enhancement with the inversion recovery sequence performed after injection has been validated for numerous indications in ischemic disease. Delayed enhancement sequences make it possible in particular to look for "no-reflow" areas (microvascular obstructions), to quantify the infarction area, and to assess prognosis. MRI also allows us to define the area at risk, that is, the area with edema, and to look for and assess the mechanical complications of the infarction. The aim of this review is to summarize current knowledge about: the pharmacokinetic principles that regulate myocardial enhancement; the different sequences available to acquire delayed enhancement images, and; the value of cardiac MRI in the diagnosis of complications of myocardial infarction.
Collapse
|
5
|
West AM, Kramer CM. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging of myocardial infarction, viability, and cardiomyopathies. Curr Probl Cardiol 2010; 35:176-220. [PMID: 20197150 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2009.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular magnetic resonance provides the opportunity for a truly comprehensive evaluation of patients with a history of myocardial infarction, with regard to characterizing the extent of disease, effect on left ventricular function, and degree of viable myocardium. The use of contrast-enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging for first-pass perfusion and late gadolinium enhancement is a powerful technique for delineating areas of myocardial ischemia and infarction. Using a combination of T2-weighted and contrast-enhanced CMR images, information about the acuity of an infarct can be obtained. There is extensive published data using contrast-enhanced CMR to predict myocardial functional recovery with revascularization in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathies. In addition, CMR imaging in patients with cardiomyopathies can distinguish between ischemic and nonischemic etiologies, with the ability to further characterize the underlying pathology of nonischemic cardiomyopathies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy M West
- University of Virginia Health System, Departments of Medicine and Radiology, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hundley WG, Bluemke DA, Finn JP, Flamm SD, Fogel MA, Friedrich MG, Ho VB, Jerosch-Herold M, Kramer CM, Manning WJ, Patel M, Pohost GM, Stillman AE, White RD, Woodard PK. ACCF/ACR/AHA/NASCI/SCMR 2010 expert consensus document on cardiovascular magnetic resonance: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation Task Force on Expert Consensus Documents. J Am Coll Cardiol 2010; 55:2614-62. [PMID: 20513610 PMCID: PMC3042771 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2009.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 440] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
7
|
Hundley WG, Bluemke DA, Finn JP, Flamm SD, Fogel MA, Friedrich MG, Ho VB, Jerosch-Herold M, Kramer CM, Manning WJ, Patel M, Pohost GM, Stillman AE, White RD, Woodard PK. ACCF/ACR/AHA/NASCI/SCMR 2010 expert consensus document on cardiovascular magnetic resonance: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation Task Force on Expert Consensus Documents. Circulation 2010; 121:2462-508. [PMID: 20479157 PMCID: PMC3034132 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0b013e3181d44a8f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
8
|
Schwartz RS, Burke A, Farb A, Kaye D, Lesser JR, Henry TD, Virmani R. Microemboli and microvascular obstruction in acute coronary thrombosis and sudden coronary death: relation to epicardial plaque histopathology. J Am Coll Cardiol 2010; 54:2167-73. [PMID: 19942088 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2009.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2009] [Revised: 06/30/2009] [Accepted: 07/06/2009] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study examined myocardial microvascular emboli and obstruction, and related these to plaque in the epicardial coronary arteries supplying the affected microvessels. BACKGROUND Epicardial coronary thrombosis often causes microemboli and microvascular obstruction. The consequences of myocardial microvessel obstruction and myocyte necrosis are substantial, yet histopathologic characterization of epicardial coronary artery plaque has been incompletely characterized. This study examined myocardial microvascular emboli, and related these to plaque in the coronary arteries supplying the microvessels. METHODS Hearts from sudden coronary death patients underwent examination for coronary artery plaque type and cardiac microemboli. RESULTS Forty-four hearts were available for evaluation. Mean age at death was 51 +/- 15 years. Coronary artery analysis found 26 plaque ruptures and 21 erosions, and a mean of 4.5 microemboli per heart. Microemboli and microvascular obstruction occurred most often from eroded plaques. Microemboli and occluded intramyocardial vessels were most common in the left anterior descending coronary artery, and all vessels contained fibrin and platelets. Mean stenoses of the culprit lesion was 74% in those with emboli and 75% in those without (p = NS). Intramyocardial microemboli were more common in plaque erosion than in rupture. Microvessels <200 mum were most often those that were occluded. CONCLUSIONS Microemboli and microvascular obstruction are common in patients dying of acute coronary thrombosis. Plaque erosion is more likely to cause emboli in vessels <200 mum. These emboli and microvessel obstruction have a prominent clinical role since myonecrosis is often associated with these findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert S Schwartz
- Minneapolis Heart Institute and Foundation, 920 East 28th Street, Suite 620, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55407. E-mail:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sosnovik DE, Garanger E, Aikawa E, Nahrendorf M, Figuiredo JL, Dai G, Reynolds F, Rosenzweig A, Weissleder R, Josephson L. Molecular MRI of cardiomyocyte apoptosis with simultaneous delayed-enhancement MRI distinguishes apoptotic and necrotic myocytes in vivo: potential for midmyocardial salvage in acute ischemia. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2009; 2:460-7. [PMID: 19920044 DOI: 10.1161/circimaging.109.859678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A novel dual-contrast molecular MRI technique to image both cardiomyocyte apoptosis and necrosis in vivo within 4 to 6 hours of ischemia is presented. The technique uses the annexin-based nanoparticle AnxCLIO-Cy5.5 (apoptosis) and simultaneous delayed-enhancement imaging with a novel gadolinium chelate, Gd-DTPA-NBD (necrosis). METHODS AND RESULTS Mice with transient coronary ligation were injected intravenously at the onset of reperfusion with AnxCLIO-Cy5.5 (n=7) or the control probe Inact_CLIO-Cy5.5 (n=6). T2*-weighted MR images (9.4 T) were acquired within 4 to 6 hours of reperfusion. The contrast-to-noise ratio between injured and uninjured myocardium was measured. The mice were then injected with Gd-DTPA-NBD, and delayed-enhancement imaging was performed within 10 to 30 minutes. Uptake of AnxCLIO-Cy5.5 was most prominent in the midmyocardium and was significantly greater than that of Inact_CLIO-Cy5.5 (contrast-to-noise ratio, 8.82+/-1.5 versus 3.78+/-1.1; P<0.05). Only 21+/-3% of the myocardium with accumulation of AnxCLIO-Cy5.5 showed delayed-enhancement of Gd-DTPA-NBD. Wall thickening was significantly reduced in segments with delayed enhancement and/or transmural accumulation of AnxCLIO-Cy5.5 (P<0.001). Fluorescence microscopy of AnxCLIO-Cy5.5 and immunohistochemistry of Gd-DTPA-NBD confirmed the presence of large numbers of apoptotic but potentially viable cardiomyocytes (AnxCLIO-Cy5.5 positive, Gd-DTPA-NBD negative) in the midmyocardium. CONCLUSIONS A novel technique to image cardiomyocyte apoptosis and necrosis in vivo within 4 to 6 hours of injury is presented and reveals large areas of apoptotic but viable myocardium in the midmyocardium. Strategies to salvage the numerous apoptotic but potentially viable cardiomyocytes in the midmyocardium in acute ischemia should be investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David E Sosnovik
- Center for Molecular Imaging Research, the Cardiology Division, Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, and the Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston. Mass, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Evaluation of myocardial viability by multidetector CT. J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr 2009; 3:S2-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcct.2008.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2008] [Revised: 09/17/2008] [Accepted: 10/01/2008] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
|
11
|
Yang Y, Foltz WD, Graham JJ, Detsky JS, Dick AJ, Wright GA. MRI evaluation of microvascular obstruction in experimental reperfused acute myocardial infarction using a T1 and T2 preparation pulse sequence. J Magn Reson Imaging 2008; 26:1486-92. [PMID: 17968957 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.21063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate a T1 and T2 preparation pulse sequence to evaluate microvascular obstruction (MO) in a porcine model of reperfused acute myocardial infarction (AMI). MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 14 pigs with reperfused AMI underwent MRI examinations at baseline and three to four hours after reperfusion. MRI scans included a left ventricular functional study, T1 and T2 measurement on a 1.5T MRI system. At reperfusion, first-pass myocardial perfusion (FPMP) images were obtained after bolus injection of gadopentetate dimeglumine followed by an intravenous drip. Delayed contrast-enhanced MRI (DE-MRI) and T1 measurements were performed 30 and 45 minutes, respectively, after the bolus, during a constant infusion of gadopentetate dimeglumine. RESULTS In 11 pigs MO was hypoenhanced in FPMP and DE-MRI. In later T1 preparation difference images postcontrast, MO was hyperenhanced while delayed hyperenhanced (DHE) regions appeared dark. MO areas on DE-MRI and T1 images were comparable. T1 reduction (%) postcontrast in MO was small compared to measurements from DHE regions (P < 0.0001) and similar to those from control segments (P = 0.66). Precontrast T1 and T2 values at reperfusion from MO and DHE regions were larger than in control regions. CONCLUSION Using T1 preparation under a constant gadopentetate dimeglumine (Gd-DTPA) infusion, delayed imaging at 30 to 45 minutes demonstrates MO as a positive contrast with larger T1 values. Elevated T1 and T2 values in MO precontrast may also help to differentiate them from both control and DHE regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuesong Yang
- Imaging Research, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Younger JF, Plein S, Barth J, Ridgway JP, Ball SG, Greenwood JP. Troponin-I concentration 72 h after myocardial infarction correlates with infarct size and presence of microvascular obstruction. Heart 2007; 93:1547-51. [PMID: 17540686 PMCID: PMC2095742 DOI: 10.1136/hrt.2006.109249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to use late gadolinium hyper-enhancement cardiac magnetic resonance (LGE-CMR) imaging to determine if a 72-h troponin-I measurement would provide a more accurate estimation of infarct size and microvascular obstruction (MVO) than serial creatine kinase (CK) or early troponin-I values. METHODS LGE-CMR was performed 3.7+/-1.4 days after medical treatment for acute ST elevation or non-ST elevation myocardial infarction. Infarct size and MVO were measured and correlated with serum troponin-I concentrations, which were sampled 12 h and 72 h after admission, in addition to serial CK levels. RESULTS Ninety-three patients, of whom 71 had received thrombolysis for ST elevation myocardial infarction, completed the CMR study. Peak CK, 12-h troponin-I, and 72-h troponin-I were related to infarct size by LGE-CMR (r = 0.75, p<0.0001; r = 0.56, p = 0.0003; r = 0.62, p<0.0001 respectively). Serum biomarkers demonstrated higher values in the group with MVO compared with those without MVO (Peak CK 3085+/-1531 vs 1471+/-1135, p<0.001; 12-h troponin-I 58.3+/-46.9 vs 33.4+/-40.0, p = 0.13; 72-h troponin-I 11.5+/-9.9 vs 5.5+/-4.6, p<0.005). The correlation between the extent of MVO and 12-h troponin-I was not significant (r = 0.16), in contrast to the other serum biomarkers (peak CK r = 0.44, p<0.0001; 72-h troponin-I r = 0.46, p = 0.0002). CONCLUSION A single measurement of 72-h troponin-I is similar to serial CK measurements in the estimation of both myocardial infarct size and extent of MVO, and is superior to 12-h troponin-I measurements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John F Younger
- Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Unit, Leeds General Infirmary, Great George Street, Leeds LS1 3EX, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bogaert J, Kalantzi M, Rademakers FE, Dymarkowski S, Janssens S. Determinants and impact of microvascular obstruction in successfully reperfused ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Assessment by magnetic resonance imaging. Eur Radiol 2007; 17:2572-80. [PMID: 17361420 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-007-0627-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2006] [Revised: 02/08/2007] [Accepted: 02/23/2007] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Microvascular obstruction (MVO) is an important and independent determinant of post-infarct remodeling. Fifty-two patients with a successfully reperfused ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction (MI) were studied with MRI in the first week and at 4 months post-infarction. On early (i.e., 2-5 min) post-contrast MRI, MVO was detected in 32 patients with an MVO to infarct ratio of 36.3 +/- 24.9%. On late (i.e., 10-25 min) post-contrast MRI, MVO was detected in only 27 patients, with an MVO to infarct ratio of 15.9 +/- 13.9%. MVO infarcts (n = 32) were associated with higher cardiac enzymes (troponin I, P = 0.016), and lower pre-revascularization thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) flow (P = 0.018) than non-MVO infarcts (n = 20). Infarct size was larger in MVO infarcts (25.0 +/- 14.3 g) than non-MVO infarcts (12.5 +/- 7.9 g), P = 0.0007. Systolic wall thickening in the infarct and peri-infarct area, and left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF) were worse in MVO (46.1 +/- 7.2%) than non-MVO infarcts (50.5 +/- 6.6%, P = 0.038). At 4 months, MVO infarcts showed more adverse remodeling and lack of functional improvement, whereas non-MVO infarcts improved significantly (LV EF at 4 months, MVO, 47.5 +/- 7.8%, P = 0.31; non-MVO, 55.2 +/- 10.3%, P = 0.0028). In the majority of patients with successfully reperfused ST-segment elevation MI, MVO is observed, whose present and maximal extent can be best evaluated on early post-contrast MRI. Presence of MVO is associated with more extensive infarctions, and characterized by greater adverse LV remodeling and lack of functional recovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Bogaert
- Department of Radiology, Gasthuisberg University Hospital, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Luo AK, Wu KC. Imaging microvascular obstruction and its clinical significance following acute myocardial infarction. Heart Fail Rev 2007; 11:305-12. [PMID: 17131076 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-006-0231-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Obstruction of the coronary microvasculature contributes to the pathophysiology of MI and adversely affects post-MI recovery. This "no-reflow" phenomenon resulting from microvascular obstruction is an indicator of lack of adequate tissue perfusion within the infarcted myocardium, even after restoration of epicardial blood flow. Regions of microvascular obstruction can be detected and quantifed because of rapid advances in and refinement of imaging technologies over the past decade. This article focuses on the non-invasive imaging modalities used to assess MO, discusses the prognostic implications of MO, and briefly addresses strategies for reducing MO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Albert K Luo
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Isbell DC, Kramer CM. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance: structure, function, perfusion, and viability. J Nucl Cardiol 2005; 12:324-36. [PMID: 15944538 DOI: 10.1016/j.nuclcard.2005.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David C Isbell
- Department of Medicine, (Cardiovascular Disease), University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville 22908, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|