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Burger JC, Hopman LHGA, Kemme MJB, Hoeksema W, Takx RAP, Figueras I Ventura RM, Campos FO, Plank G, Planken RN, Allaart CP, van Halm VP, Postema PG, Götte MJW, Bishop MJ, Bhagirath P. Optimizing ventricular tachycardia ablation through imaging-based assessment of arrhythmic substrate: A comprehensive review and roadmap for the future. Heart Rhythm O2 2024; 5:561-572. [PMID: 39263615 PMCID: PMC11385403 DOI: 10.1016/j.hroo.2024.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Ventricular tachycardia (VT) is a life-threatening heart rhythm and has long posed a complex challenge in the field of cardiology. Recent developments in advanced imaging modalities have aimed to improve comprehension of underlying arrhythmic substrate for VT. To this extent, high-resolution cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) and cardiac computed tomography (CCT) have emerged as tools for accurately visualizing and characterizing scar tissue, fibrosis, and other critical structural abnormalities within the heart, providing novel insights into VT triggers and substrate. However, clinical implementation of knowledge derived from these advanced imaging techniques in improving VT treatment and guiding invasive therapeutic strategies continues to pose significant challenges. A pivotal concern lies in the absence of standardized imaging protocols and analysis methodologies, resulting in a large variance in data quality and consistency. Furthermore, the clinical significance and outcomes associated with VT substrate characterization through CMR and CCT remain dynamic and subject to ongoing evolution. This highlights the need for refinement of these techniques before their reliable integration into routine patient care can be realized. The primary objectives of this study are twofold: firstly, to provide a comprehensive overview of the studies conducted over the last 15 years, summarizing the current available literature on imaging-based assessment of VT substrate. Secondly, to critically analyze and evaluate the selected studies, with the aim of providing valuable insights that can inform current clinical practice and future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janneke C Burger
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Luuk H G A Hopman
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel J B Kemme
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wiert Hoeksema
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Richard A P Takx
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Fernando O Campos
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gernot Plank
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Division of Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - R Nils Planken
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis P Allaart
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vokko P van Halm
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter G Postema
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marco J W Götte
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martin J Bishop
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pranav Bhagirath
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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2
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Carbucicchio C, Guarracini F, Schiavone M, Gasperetti A, Conte E, Preda A, Cellucci S, De Iuliis P, Catto V, Mushtaq S, Mancini ME, Marchetti F, Bianchini L, Tundo F, Moltrasio M, Andreini D, Pontone G, Tondo C. Preprocedural imaging with cardiac computed tomography for endo-epicardial ventricular tachycardia ablation. Heart Rhythm 2024:S1547-5271(24)02738-3. [PMID: 38908459 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2024.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies evaluating the systematic use of cardiac computed tomography (CCT) for the preprocedural assessment of myocardial fibrosis are limited. Their implementation in the electrophysiology workflow has not been extensively described. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the degree of concordance between CCT and electroanatomic mapping (EAM) for the evaluation of cardiac fibrosis in patients undergoing endo-epicardial ventricular tachycardia (VT) ablation. METHODS From November 2017 to December 2021, patients undergoing endo-epicardial VT catheter ablation with CCT as the only source of preprocedural scar assessment were prospectively enrolled. After image integration, myocardial fibrosis detected with CCT was compared with low-voltage areas identified by endo-epicardial EAM. Postprocedural VT recurrences of this approach were evaluated after at least 1 year of follow-up. RESULTS The study enrolled 35 patients (mean age, 60.7 ± 13.2 years; 94.2% male). The most common underlying arrhythmic substrate was dilated cardiomyopathy (48.6%). CCT was employed for contraindications to cardiac magnetic resonance, such as unstable VTs (31.4%) or nonconditional implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (28.6%), but also for patients' and operators' preferences (14.3%-25.7%). Myocardial fibrosis was correctly identified by CCT and EAM, with strong agreement between these techniques both overall (Cohen κ for agreement, 0.933) and in per-segment analysis (κ ranging from 0.796 to 1.0). Ischemic patients showed the best correlation (κ = 1.000), whereas myocarditis showed the worst (κ = 0.750). After a median follow-up of 14 (12-24) months, 1-year freedom from recurrences was achieved in 74.3% patients; overall freedom from recurrences was 60.0%. CONCLUSION A CCT-based preprocedural assessment before VT ablation is feasible, showing high diagnostic concordance with EAM in detecting myocardial fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corrado Carbucicchio
- Department of Clinical Electrophysiology & Cardiac Pacing, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
| | | | - Marco Schiavone
- Department of Clinical Electrophysiology & Cardiac Pacing, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Edoardo Conte
- Clinical Cardiology, Galeazzi-Sant'Ambrogio Hospital, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Preda
- Electrophysiology Unit, Cardio-Thoraco-Vascular Department, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Selene Cellucci
- Department of Clinical Electrophysiology & Cardiac Pacing, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Valentina Catto
- Department of Clinical Electrophysiology & Cardiac Pacing, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Saima Mushtaq
- Department of Perioperative Cardiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Elisabetta Mancini
- Department of Perioperative Cardiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Marchetti
- Department of Perioperative Cardiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Bianchini
- Department of Clinical Electrophysiology & Cardiac Pacing, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Tundo
- Department of Clinical Electrophysiology & Cardiac Pacing, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Moltrasio
- Department of Clinical Electrophysiology & Cardiac Pacing, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Andreini
- Clinical Cardiology, Galeazzi-Sant'Ambrogio Hospital, IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluca Pontone
- Department of Perioperative Cardiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Tondo
- Department of Clinical Electrophysiology & Cardiac Pacing, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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3
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Haberl C, Crean AM, Zelt JGE, Redpath CJ, deKemp RA. Role of Nuclear Imaging in Cardiac Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy for Ablation of Ventricular Tachycardia. Semin Nucl Med 2024; 54:427-437. [PMID: 38658301 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2024.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Ventricular tachycardia (VT) is a life-threatening arrhythmia common in patients with structural heart disease or nonischemic cardiomyopathy. Many VTs originate from regions of fibrotic scar tissue, where delayed electrical signals exit scar and re-enter viable myocardium. Cardiac stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) has emerged as a completely noninvasive alternative to catheter ablation for the treatment of recurrent or refractory ventricular tachycardia. While there is no common consensus on the ideal imaging workflow, therapy planning for cardiac SBRT often combines information from a plurality of imaging modalities including MRI, CT, electroanatomic mapping and nuclear imaging. MRI and CT provide detailed anatomic information, and late enhancement contrast imaging can indicate regions of fibrosis. Electroanatomic maps indicate regions of heterogenous conduction voltage or early activation which are indicative of arrhythmogenic tissue. Some early clinical adopters performing cardiac SBRT report the use of myocardial perfusion and viability nuclear imaging to identify regions of scar. Nuclear imaging of hibernating myocardium, inflammation and sympathetic innervation have been studied for ventricular arrhythmia prognosis and in research relating to catheter ablation of VT but have yet to be studied in their potential applications for cardiac SBRT. The integration of information from these many imaging modalities to identify a target for ablation can be challenging. Multimodality image registration and dedicated therapy planning tools may enable higher target accuracy, accelerate therapy planning workflows and improve patient outcomes. Understanding the pathophysiology of ventricular arrhythmias, and localizing the arrhythmogenic tissues, is vital for successful ablation with cardiac SBRT. Nuclear imaging provides an arsenal of imaging strategies to identify regional scar, hibernation, inflammation, and sympathetic denervation with some advantages over alternative imaging strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor Haberl
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON; Carleton University, Ottawa, ON
| | - Andrew M Crean
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON; North West Heart Center, University of Manchester Foundation NHS Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Jason G E Zelt
- The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON; Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON
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De Sensi F, Penela D, Limbruno U, Berruezo A. Visualizing the unseen: lights and shadows of imaging in the electrophysiology laboratory. Eur Heart J 2024; 45:495-497. [PMID: 38088436 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehad777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Diego Penela
- Arrhythmia Unit, Humanitas Research Center, Milan, Italy
| | - Ugo Limbruno
- Cardiology Department, Misericordia Hospital, Grosseto, Italy
| | - Antonio Berruezo
- Heart Institute, Teknon Medical Center, Carrer de Vilana 12, 08022 Barcelona, Spain
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5
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Hrovat M, Kolandaivelu A, Wang Y, Gunderman A, Halperin HR, Chen Y, Schmidt EJ. Balanced-force shim system for correcting magnetic-field inhomogeneities in the heart due to implanted cardioverter defibrillators. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1225848. [PMID: 38414618 PMCID: PMC10897050 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1225848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background In the US, 1.4 million people have implanted ICDs for reducing the risk of sudden death due to ventricular arrhythmias. Cardiac MRI (cMR) is of particular interest in the ICD patient population as cMR is the optimal imaging modality for distinguishing cardiac conditions that predispose to sudden death, and it is the best method to plan and guide therapy. However, all ICDs contain a ferromagnetic transformer which imposes a large inhomogeneous magnetic field in sections of the heart, creating large image voids that can mask important pathology. A shim system was devised to resolve these ICD issues. A shim coil system (CSS) that corrects ICD artifacts over a user-selected Region-of-Interest (ROI), was constructed and validated. Methods A shim coil was constructed that can project a large magnetic field for distances of ~15 cm. The shim-coil can be positioned safely anywhere within the scanner bore. The CSS includes a cantilevered beam to hold the shim coil. Remotely controlled MR-conditional motors allow 2 mm-accuracy three-dimensional shim-coil position. The shim coil is located above the subjects and the imaging surface-coils. Interaction of the shim coil with the scanner's gradients was eliminated with an amplifier that is in a constant current mode. Coupling with the scanners' radio-frequency (rf) coils, was reduced with shielding, low-pass filters, and cable shield traps. Software, which utilizes magnetic field (B0) mapping of the ICD inhomogeneity, computes the optimal location for the shim coil and its corrective current. ECG gated single- and multiple-cardiac-phase 2D GRE and SSFP sequences, as well as 3D ECG-gated respiratory-navigated IR-GRE (LGE) sequences were tested in phantoms and N = 3 swine with overlaid ICDs. Results With all cMR sequences, the system reduced artifacts from >100 ppm to <25 ppm inhomogeneity, which permitted imaging of the entire left ventricle in swine with ICD-related voids. Continuously acquired Gradient recalled echo or Steady State Free Precession images were used to interactively adjust the shim current and coil location. Conclusion The shim system reduced large field inhomogeneities due to implanted ICDs and corrected most ICD-related image distortions. Externally-controlled motorized translation of the shim coil simplified its utilization, supporting an efficient cardiac MRI workflow.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yifan Wang
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | | | - Henry R. Halperin
- Medicine (Cardiology), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Yue Chen
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Ehud J. Schmidt
- Medicine (Cardiology), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Marashly Q, Najjar SN, Hahn J, Rector GJ, Khawaja M, Chelu MG. Innovations in ventricular tachycardia ablation. J Interv Card Electrophysiol 2023; 66:1499-1518. [PMID: 35879516 DOI: 10.1007/s10840-022-01311-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Catheter ablation of ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) has evolved significantly over the past decade and is currently a well-established therapeutic option. Technological advances and improved understanding of VA mechanisms have led to tremendous innovations in VA ablation. The purpose of this review article is to provide an overview of current innovations in VA ablation. Mapping techniques, such as ultra-high density mapping, isochronal late activation mapping, and ripple mapping, have provided improved arrhythmogenic substrate delineation and potential procedural success while limiting duration of ablation procedure and potential hemodynamic compromise. Besides, more advanced mapping and ablation techniques such as epicardial and intramyocardial ablation approaches have allowed operators to more precisely target arrhythmogenic substrate. Moreover, advances in alternate energy sources, such as electroporation, as well as stereotactic radiation therapy have been proposed to be effective and safe. New catheters, such as the lattice and the saline-enhanced radiofrequency catheters, have been designed to provide deeper and more durable tissue ablation lesions compared to conventional catheters. Contact force optimization and baseline impedance modulation are important tools to optimize VT radiofrequency ablation and improve procedural success. Furthermore, advances in cardiac imaging, specifically cardiac MRI, have great potential in identifying arrhythmogenic substrate and evaluating ablation success. Overall, VA ablation has undergone significant advances over the past years. Innovations in VA mapping techniques, alternate energy source, new catheters, and utilization of cardiac imaging have great potential to improve overall procedural safety, hemodynamic stability, and procedural success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qussay Marashly
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Salim N Najjar
- Division of Cardiology, Baylor College of Medicine, 7200 Cambridge Suite A6.137, MS: BCM621, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Joshua Hahn
- Division of Cardiology, Baylor College of Medicine, 7200 Cambridge Suite A6.137, MS: BCM621, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Graham J Rector
- Division of Cardiology, Baylor College of Medicine, 7200 Cambridge Suite A6.137, MS: BCM621, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Muzamil Khawaja
- Division of Cardiology, Baylor College of Medicine, 7200 Cambridge Suite A6.137, MS: BCM621, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Mihail G Chelu
- Division of Cardiology, Baylor College of Medicine, 7200 Cambridge Suite A6.137, MS: BCM621, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Baylor St. Luke's Medical Center, Houston, USA.
- Texas Heart Institute, Houston, USA.
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7
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Gasperetti A, Tandri H. Catheter Ablation of Ventricular Tachycardia in Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy. Card Electrophysiol Clin 2022; 14:679-683. [PMID: 36396184 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccep.2022.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy is an inherited desmosomal myopathy characterized by progressive fibrofatty replacement of the myocardium, right ventricular enlargement, and malignant ventricular arrhythmias. Ventricular tachycardias is one of the most common initial presentation of ARVC. This manuscript addresses invasive VT ablation options for the managmenet of VT in patients with ARVC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Gasperetti
- ARVC Program, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Harikrishna Tandri
- ARVC Program, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
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8
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Atreya AR, Yalagudri SD, Subramanian M, Rangaswamy VV, Saggu DK, Narasimhan C. Best Practices for the Catheter Ablation of Ventricular Arrhythmias. Card Electrophysiol Clin 2022; 14:571-607. [PMID: 36396179 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccep.2022.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Techniques for catheter ablation have evolved to effectively treat a range of ventricular arrhythmias. Pre-operative electrocardiographic and cardiac imaging data are very useful in understanding the arrhythmogenic substrate and can guide mapping and ablation. In this review, we focus on best practices for catheter ablation, with emphasis on tailoring ablation strategies, based on the presence or absence of structural heart disease, underlying clinical status, and hemodynamic stability of the ventricular arrhythmia. We discuss steps to make ablation safe and prevent complications, and techniques to improve the efficacy of ablation, including optimal use of electroanatomical mapping algorithms, energy delivery, intracardiac echocardiography, and selective use of mechanical circulatory support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Auras R Atreya
- Electrophysiology Section, AIG Hospitals Institute of Cardiac Sciences and Research, Hyderabad, India; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Electrophysiology Section, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Sachin D Yalagudri
- Electrophysiology Section, AIG Hospitals Institute of Cardiac Sciences and Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Muthiah Subramanian
- Electrophysiology Section, AIG Hospitals Institute of Cardiac Sciences and Research, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Daljeet Kaur Saggu
- Electrophysiology Section, AIG Hospitals Institute of Cardiac Sciences and Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Calambur Narasimhan
- Electrophysiology Section, AIG Hospitals Institute of Cardiac Sciences and Research, Hyderabad, India.
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9
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Bauer BK, Meier C, Bietenbeck M, Lange PS, Eckardt L, Yilmaz A. Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance-Guided Radiofrequency Ablation: Where Are We Now? JACC Clin Electrophysiol 2022; 8:261-274. [PMID: 35210090 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacep.2021.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The possibilities of cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging for myocardial tissue characterization and catheter ablation guidance are accompanied by some fictional concepts. In this review, we present the available facts about CMR-guided catheter ablation procedures as well as promising, however unproven, theoretical concepts. CMR promises to visualize the respective arrhythmogenic substrate and may thereby make it more localizable for electrophysiology (EP)-based ablation. Robust CMR imaging is challenged by motion of the heart resulting from cardiac and respiratory cycles. In contrast to conventional "passive" tracking of the catheter tip by real-time CMR, novel approaches based on "active" tracking are performed by integrating microcoils into the catheter tip that send a receiver signal. Several experimental and clinical studies were already performed based on real-time CMR for catheter ablation of atrial and ventricular arrhythmias. Importantly, successful ablation of the cavotricuspid isthmus was already performed in patients with typical atrial flutter. However, a complete EP procedure with real-time CMR-guided transseptal puncture and subsequent pulmonary vein isolation has not been shown so far in patients with atrial fibrillation. Moreover, real-time CMR-guided EP for ventricular tachycardia ablation was only performed in animal models using a transseptal, retrograde, or epicardial access-but not in humans. Essential improvements within the next few years regarding basic technical requirements, such as higher spatial and temporal resolution of real-time CMR imaging as well as clinically approved cardiac magnetic resonance-conditional defibrillators, are ultimately required-but can also be expected-and will move this field forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastian Klemens Bauer
- Department of Cardiology II - Electrophysiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Claudia Meier
- Department of Cardiology, Division of Cardiovascular Imaging, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Michael Bietenbeck
- Department of Cardiology, Division of Cardiovascular Imaging, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Philipp Sebastian Lange
- Department of Cardiology II - Electrophysiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Lars Eckardt
- Department of Cardiology II - Electrophysiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Ali Yilmaz
- Department of Cardiology, Division of Cardiovascular Imaging, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany.
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El Hajjar AH, Huang C, Zhang Y, Mekhael M, Noujaim C, Dagher L, Nedunchezhian S, Pottle C, Kholmovski E, Ayoub T, Dhorepatil A, Barakat M, Yamaguchi T, Chelu M, Marrouche N. Acute Lesion Imaging in Predicting Chronic Tissue Injury in the Ventricles. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 8:791217. [PMID: 35155604 PMCID: PMC8831749 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.791217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic lesion formation after cardiac tissue ablation is an important indicator for procedural outcome. Moreover, there is a lack of knowledge regarding the features that predict chronic lesion formation. Objective The aim of this study is to determine whether acute lesion visualization using late gadolinium enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (LGE-MRI) can reliably predict chronic lesion size. Methods Focal lesions were created in left and right ventricles of canine models using either radiofrequency (RF) ablation or cryofocal ablation. Multiple ablation parameters were used. The first LGE-MRI was acquired within 1–5 h post-ablation and the second LGE-MRI was obtained 47–82 days later. Corview software was used to perform lesion segmentations and size calculations. Results: Fifty-Five lesions were created in different locations in the ventricles. Chronic volume size decreased by a mean of 62.5 % (95% CI 58.83–67.97, p < 0.0005). Similar regression of lesion volume was observed regardless of ablation location (p = 0.32), ablation technique (p = 0.94), duration (p = 0.37), power (p = 0.55) and whether lesions were connected or not (p = 0.35). There was no significant difference in lesion volume reduction assessed at 47–54 days and 72–82 days after ablation (p = 0.31). Chronic lesion volume was equal to 0.32 of the acute lesion volumes (R2 = 0.75). Conclusion Chronic tissue injury related to catheter ablation can be reliably modeled as a linear function of the acute lesion volume as assessed by LGE-MRI, regardless of the ablation parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdel Hadi El Hajjar
- Tulane Research Innovation for Arrhythmia Discoveries, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Chao Huang
- Tulane Research Innovation for Arrhythmia Discoveries, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Yichi Zhang
- Tulane Research Innovation for Arrhythmia Discoveries, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Mario Mekhael
- Tulane Research Innovation for Arrhythmia Discoveries, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Charbel Noujaim
- Tulane Research Innovation for Arrhythmia Discoveries, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Lilas Dagher
- Tulane Research Innovation for Arrhythmia Discoveries, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Saihariharan Nedunchezhian
- Tulane Research Innovation for Arrhythmia Discoveries, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Christopher Pottle
- Tulane Research Innovation for Arrhythmia Discoveries, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Eugene Kholmovski
- Tulane Research Innovation for Arrhythmia Discoveries, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Tarek Ayoub
- Tulane Research Innovation for Arrhythmia Discoveries, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Aneesh Dhorepatil
- Tulane Research Innovation for Arrhythmia Discoveries, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Michel Barakat
- Department of Cardiology, PeaceHealth, Bellingham, WA, United States
| | | | - Mihail Chelu
- Baylor Heart Clinic, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Nassir Marrouche
- Tulane Research Innovation for Arrhythmia Discoveries, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
- *Correspondence: Nassir Marrouche
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11
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Toupin S, Pezel T, Bustin A, Cochet H. Whole-Heart High-Resolution Late Gadolinium Enhancement: Techniques and Clinical Applications. J Magn Reson Imaging 2021; 55:967-987. [PMID: 34155715 PMCID: PMC9292698 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.27732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In cardiovascular magnetic resonance, late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) has become the cornerstone of myocardial tissue characterization. It is widely used in clinical routine to diagnose and characterize the myocardial tissue in a wide range of ischemic and nonischemic cardiomyopathies. The recent growing interest in imaging left atrial fibrosis has led to the development of novel whole‐heart high‐resolution late gadolinium enhancement (HR‐LGE) techniques. Indeed, conventional LGE is acquired in multiple breath‐holds with limited spatial resolution: ~1.4–1.8 mm in plane and 6–8 mm slice thickness, according to the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance standardized guidelines. Such large voxel size prevents its use in thin structures such as the atrial or right ventricular walls. Whole‐heart 3D HR‐LGE images are acquired in free breathing to increase the spatial resolution (up to 1.3 × 1.3 × 1.3 mm3) and offer a better detection and depiction of focal atrial fibrosis. The downside of this increased resolution is the extended scan time of around 10 min, which hampers the spread of HR‐LGE in clinical practice. Initially introduced for atrial fibrosis imaging, HR‐LGE interest has evolved to be a tool to detect small scars in the ventricles and guide ablation procedures. Indeed, the detection of scars, nonvisible with conventional LGE, can be crucial in the diagnosis of myocardial infarction with nonobstructed coronary arteries, in the detection of the arrhythmogenic substrate triggering ventricular arrhythmia, and improve the confidence of clinicians in the challenging diagnoses such as the arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy. HR‐LGE also offers a precise visualization of left ventricular scar morphology that is particularly useful in planning ablation procedures and guiding them through the fusion of HR‐LGE images with electroanatomical mapping systems. In this narrative review, we attempt to summarize the technical particularities of whole‐heart HR‐LGE acquisition and provide an overview of its clinical applications with a particular focus on the ventricles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solenn Toupin
- Siemens Healthcare France, Saint-Denis, France.,IHU Liryc, Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute, Fondation Bordeaux Université, Bordeaux, France.,Université de Bordeaux, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,INSERM, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Théo Pezel
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Cardiology, Lariboisiere Hospital, APHP, University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Aurélien Bustin
- IHU Liryc, Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute, Fondation Bordeaux Université, Bordeaux, France.,Université de Bordeaux, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,INSERM, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hubert Cochet
- IHU Liryc, Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute, Fondation Bordeaux Université, Bordeaux, France.,Université de Bordeaux, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,INSERM, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Bordeaux University Hospital (CHU), Pessac, France
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12
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Schaller RD, Brunker T, Riley MP, Marchlinski FE, Nazarian S, Litt H. Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients With Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices With Abandoned Leads. JAMA Cardiol 2021; 6:549-556. [PMID: 33595595 DOI: 10.1001/jamacardio.2020.7572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Importance Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the modality of choice for many conditions. Conditional devices and novel protocols for imaging patients with legacy cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) have increased access to MRI in patients with devices. However, the presence of abandoned leads remains an absolute contraindication. Objective To assess if the performance of an MRI in the presence of an abandoned CIED lead is safe and whether there are deleterious effects on concomitant active CIED leads. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study included consecutive CIED recipients undergoing 1.5-T MRI with at least 1 abandoned lead between January 2013 and June 2020. MRI scans were performed at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania. No patients were excluded. Exposures CIEDs were reprogrammed based on patient-specific pacing needs. Electrocardiography telemetry and pulse oximetry were monitored continuously, and live contact with the patient throughout the scan via visual and voice contact was performed if possible. After completion of the MRI, CIED evaluation was repeated and programming returned to baseline or to a clinically appropriate setting. Main Outcomes and Measures Variation in pre- and post-MRI capture threshold of 50% or more, ventricular sensing 40% or more, and lead impedance 30% or more, as well as clinical sequelae such as pain and sustained tachyarrhythmia were considered significant. Long-term follow-up lead-related data were analyzed if available. Results A total of 139 consecutive patients (110 men [79%]) with a mean (SD) age of 65.6 (13.4) years underwent 200 MRIs of various anatomic regions including the thorax. Repeat examinations were common with a maximum of 16 examinations for 1 patient. There was a total of 243 abandoned leads with a mean (SD) of 1.22 (0.45) per patient. The mean (SD) number of active leads was 2.04 (0.78) and 64 patients (46%) were pacemaker dependent. A transmit-receive radiofrequency coil was used in 41 patients (20.5%), all undergoing MRI of the brain. There were no abnormal vital signs or sustained tachyarrhythmias. No changes in battery voltage, power-on reset events, or changes of pacing rate were noted. CIED parameter changes including decreased right atrial sensing in 4 patients and decreased left ventricular R-wave amplitude in 1 patient were transiently noted. One patient with an abandoned subcutaneous array experienced sternal heating that subsided on premature cessation of the study. Conclusions and Relevance The risk of MRI in patients with abandoned CIED leads was low in this large observational study, including patients who underwent examination of the thorax. The growing aggregate of data questions the absolute contraindication for MRI in patients with abandoned CIED leads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D Schaller
- Electrophysiology Section, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Tamara Brunker
- Electrophysiology Section, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Michael P Riley
- Electrophysiology Section, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Francis E Marchlinski
- Electrophysiology Section, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Saman Nazarian
- Electrophysiology Section, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Harold Litt
- Department of Radiology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
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13
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Olde Nordkamp LRA, Boekholdt SM, de Groot JR. Different road maps for ventricular tachycardia ablation. Neth Heart J 2020; 28:571-572. [PMID: 33079333 PMCID: PMC7596152 DOI: 10.1007/s12471-020-01507-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L R A Olde Nordkamp
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S M Boekholdt
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J R de Groot
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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14
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Kucukseymen S, Yavin H, Barkagan M, Jang J, Shapira-Daniels A, Rodriguez J, Shim D, Pashakhanloo F, Pierce P, Botzer L, Manning WJ, Anter E, Nezafat R. Discordance in Scar Detection Between Electroanatomical Mapping and Cardiac MRI in an Infarct Swine Model. JACC Clin Electrophysiol 2020; 6:1452-1464. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacep.2020.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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15
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Monaci S, Strocchi M, Rodero C, Gillette K, Whitaker J, Rajani R, Rinaldi CA, O'Neill M, Plank G, King A, Bishop MJ. In-silico pace-mapping using a detailed whole torso model and implanted electronic device electrograms for more efficient ablation planning. Comput Biol Med 2020; 125:104005. [PMID: 32971325 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2020.104005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pace-mapping is a commonly used electrophysiological (EP) procedure which aims to identify exit sites of ventricular tachycardia (VT) by matching ventricular activation patterns (assessed by QRS morphology) at specific pacing locations with activation during VT. However, long procedure durations and the need for VT induction render this technique non-optimal. To demonstrate the potential of in-silico pace-mapping, using stored electrogram (EGM) recordings of clinical VT from implanted devices to guide pre-procedural ablation planning. METHOD Six scar-related VT episodes were simulated in a 3D torso model reconstructed from computed tomography (CT) imaging data, including three different infarct anatomies mapped from infarcted porcine imaging data. In-silico pace-mapping was performed to localise VT exit sites and isthmuses by using 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) signals and different combinations of EGM sensing vectors from implanted devices, through the creation of conventional correlation maps and reference-less maps. RESULTS Our in-silico platform was successful in identifying VT exit sites for a variety of different VT morphologies from both ECG correlation maps and corresponding EGM maps, with the latter dependent upon the number of sensing vectors used. We also showed the added utility of both ECG and EGM reference-less pace-mapping for the identification of slow-conducting isthmuses, uncovering the optimal algorithm parameters. Finally, EGM-based pace-mapping was shown to be more dependent upon the mapped surface (epicardial/endocardial), relative to the VT origin. CONCLUSIONS In-silico pace-mapping can be used along with EGMs from implanted devices to localise VT ablation targets in pre-procedural planning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ronak Rajani
- King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher A Rinaldi
- King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Andrew King
- King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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16
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Hendriks AA, Kis Z, Glisic M, Bramer WM, Szili-Torok T. Pre-procedural image-guided versus non-image-guided ventricular tachycardia ablation-a review. Neth Heart J 2020; 28:573-583. [PMID: 32930978 PMCID: PMC7596120 DOI: 10.1007/s12471-020-01485-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography in patients with ventricular tachycardia (VT) after myocardial infarction (MI) helps to delineate scar from healthy tissue. Image-guided VT ablation has not yet been studied on a large scale. OBJECTIVE The aim of the meta-analysis was to compare the long-term outcome of image-guided VT ablation with a conventional approach for VT after MI. METHODS Eight electronic bibliographic databases were searched to identify all relevant studies from 2012 until 2018. The search for scientific literature was performed for studies that described the outcome of VT ablation in patients with an ischaemic substrate. The outcome of image-guided ablation was compared with the outcome of conventional ablations. RESULTS Of the 2990 citations reviewed for eligibility, 38 articles-enrolling a total of 7748 patients-were included into the meta-analysis. Five articles included patients with image-guided ablation. VT-free survival was 82% [74-90] in the image-guided VT ablation versus 59% [54-64] in the conventional ablation group (p < 0.001) during a mean follow-up of 35 months. Overall survival was 94% [90-98] in the image-guided versus 82% [76-88] in the conventional VT ablation group (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Image-guided VT ablation in ischaemic VT was associated with a significant benefit in VT-free and overall survival as compared with conventional VT ablation. Visualising myocardial scar facilitates substrate-guided ablation procedures, pre-procedurally and by integrating imaging during the procedure, and may consequently improve long-term outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Hendriks
- Department of Electrophysiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Z Kis
- Department of Electrophysiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Glisic
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - W M Bramer
- Medical Library, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - T Szili-Torok
- Department of Electrophysiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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17
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Smedema JP, Ainslie G, Crijns HJGM. Review: Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance in the diagnosis and management of cardiac sarcoidosis. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2020; 63:271-307. [PMID: 32330463 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2020.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Sarcoidosis is a relatively rare inflammatory condition which potentially carries high morbidity and substantial mortality. Due to the fact that it does not subject patients to ionizing radiation, has high temporal, spatial and contrast resolutions, cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) has become an important diagnostic and prognostic modality in the evaluation for cardiac involvement in this condition. This review provides relevant clinical and pathophysiological background on cardiac sarcoidosis, whilst detailing the role of CMR imaging in the diagnosis, and management of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gillian Ainslie
- Respiratory Clinic, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Harry J G M Crijns
- Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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18
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Abstract
In recent years, interventional cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (iCMR) has evolved from attractive theory to clinical routine at several centers. Real-time cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR fluoroscopy) adds value by combining soft-tissue visualization, concurrent hemodynamic measurement, and freedom from radiation. Clinical iCMR applications are expanding because of advances in catheter devices and imaging. In the near future, iCMR promises novel procedures otherwise unsafe under standalone X-Ray guidance.
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19
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Chang S, Tzou WS. Advances in Technologies to Improve Ventricular Ablation Safety and Efficacy. CURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR RISK REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12170-019-0628-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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20
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Mukherjee RK, Costa CM, Neji R, Harrison JL, Sim I, Williams SE, Whitaker J, Chubb H, O'Neill L, Schneider R, Lloyd T, Pohl T, Roujol S, Niederer SA, Razavi R, O'Neill MD. Evaluation of a real-time magnetic resonance imaging-guided electrophysiology system for structural and electrophysiological ventricular tachycardia substrate assessment. Europace 2019; 21:1432-1441. [PMID: 31219547 PMCID: PMC6735875 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euz165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Potential advantages of real-time magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided electrophysiology (MR-EP) include contemporaneous three-dimensional substrate assessment at the time of intervention, improved procedural guidance, and ablation lesion assessment. We evaluated a novel real-time MR-EP system to perform endocardial voltage mapping and assessment of delayed conduction in a porcine ischaemia–reperfusion model. Methods and results Sites of low voltage and slow conduction identified using the system were registered and compared to regions of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) on MRI. The Sorensen–Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) between LGE scar maps and voltage maps was computed on a nodal basis. A total of 445 electrograms were recorded in sinus rhythm (range: 30–186) using the MR-EP system including 138 electrograms from LGE regions. Pacing captured at 103 sites; 47 (45.6%) sites had a stimulus-to-QRS (S-QRS) delay of ≥40 ms. Using conventional (0.5–1.5 mV) bipolar voltage thresholds, the sensitivity and specificity of voltage mapping using the MR-EP system to identify MR-derived LGE was 57% and 96%, respectively. Voltage mapping had a better predictive ability in detecting LGE compared to S-QRS measurements using this system (area under curve: 0.907 vs. 0.840). Using an electrical threshold of 1.5 mV to define abnormal myocardium, the total DSC, scar DSC, and normal myocardium DSC between voltage maps and LGE scar maps was 79.0 ± 6.0%, 35.0 ± 10.1%, and 90.4 ± 8.6%, respectively. Conclusion Low-voltage zones and regions of delayed conduction determined using a real-time MR-EP system are moderately associated with LGE areas identified on MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul K Mukherjee
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, 4th Floor, North Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Caroline Mendonca Costa
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, 4th Floor, North Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Radhouene Neji
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, 4th Floor, North Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK.,Siemens Healthcare, Sir William Siemens Square, Frimley, Camberley, UK
| | - James L Harrison
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, 4th Floor, North Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK.,Department of Cardiology, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Iain Sim
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, 4th Floor, North Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Steven E Williams
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, 4th Floor, North Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK.,Department of Cardiology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - John Whitaker
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, 4th Floor, North Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Henry Chubb
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, 4th Floor, North Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Louisa O'Neill
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, 4th Floor, North Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Tom Lloyd
- Imricor Medical Systems, 400 Gateway Blvd, MN, USA
| | | | - Sébastien Roujol
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, 4th Floor, North Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Steven A Niederer
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, 4th Floor, North Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Reza Razavi
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, 4th Floor, North Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Mark D O'Neill
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, 4th Floor, North Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK.,Department of Cardiology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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21
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Robinson CG, Knutson NC, Samson PP, Cuculich PS. Response by Robinson et al to Letter Regarding Article, "Phase I/II Trial of Electrophysiology-Guided Noninvasive Cardiac Radioablation for Ventricular Tachycardia". Circulation 2019; 140:e3-e4. [PMID: 31549873 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.119.040793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Clifford G Robinson
- Department of Radiation Oncology (C.G.R., N.C.K., P.P.S., P.S.C.), Washington University, St. Louis, MO.,Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Division (C.G.R., P.S.C.), Washington University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Nels C Knutson
- Department of Radiation Oncology (C.G.R., N.C.K., P.P.S., P.S.C.), Washington University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Pamela P Samson
- Department of Radiation Oncology (C.G.R., N.C.K., P.P.S., P.S.C.), Washington University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Phillip S Cuculich
- Department of Radiation Oncology (C.G.R., N.C.K., P.P.S., P.S.C.), Washington University, St. Louis, MO.,Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Division (C.G.R., P.S.C.), Washington University, St. Louis, MO
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22
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Mukherjee RK, Chubb H, Roujol S, Razavi R, O'Neill MD. Advances in Real-Time MRI-Guided Electrophysiology. CURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING REPORTS 2019; 12:6. [PMID: 31501689 PMCID: PMC6733706 DOI: 10.1007/s12410-019-9481-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of Review Theoretical benefits of real-time MRI guidance over conventional electrophysiology include contemporaneous 3D substrate assessment and accurate intra-procedural guidance and evaluation of ablation lesions. We review the unique challenges inherent to MRI-guided electrophysiology and how to translate the potential benefits in the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias. Recent Findings Over the last 5 years, there has been substantial progress, initially in animal models and more recently in clinical studies, to establish methods and develop workflows within the MR environment that resemble those of conventional electrophysiology laboratories. Real-time MRI-guided systems have been used to perform electroanatomic mapping and ablation in patients with atrial flutter, and there is interest in developing the technology to tackle more complex arrhythmias including atrial fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia. Summary Mainstream adoption of real-time MRI-guided electrophysiology will require demonstration of clinical benefit and will be aided by increased availability of devices suitable for use in the MRI environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul K Mukherjee
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, 4th Floor, North Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Henry Chubb
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, 4th Floor, North Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Sébastien Roujol
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, 4th Floor, North Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Reza Razavi
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, 4th Floor, North Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Mark D O'Neill
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, 4th Floor, North Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK.,Department of Cardiology, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Romero J, Cerrud-Rodriguez RC, Di Biase L, Diaz JC, Alviz I, Grupposo V, Cerna L, Avendano R, Tedrow U, Natale A, Tung R, Kumar S. Combined Endocardial-Epicardial Versus Endocardial Catheter Ablation Alone for Ventricular Tachycardia in Structural Heart Disease. JACC Clin Electrophysiol 2019; 5:13-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacep.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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24
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Sramko M, Hoogendoorn JC, Glashan CA, Zeppenfeld K. Advancement in cardiac imaging for treatment of ventricular arrhythmias in structural heart disease. Europace 2018; 21:383-403. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/euy150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marek Sramko
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jarieke C Hoogendoorn
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Claire A Glashan
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Katja Zeppenfeld
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
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