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Sala-Hamrick KE, Tapaswi A, Polemi KM, Nguyen VK, Colacino JA. High-Throughput Transcriptomics of Nontumorigenic Breast Cells Exposed to Environmentally Relevant Chemicals. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2024; 132:47002. [PMID: 38568856 PMCID: PMC10990114 DOI: 10.1289/ehp12886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a suite of chemicals, including metals, pesticides, and personal care product compounds, which are commonly detected at high levels in US Center for Disease Control's National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) chemical biomarker screens. Whether these chemicals influence development of breast cancer is not well understood. OBJECTIVES The objectives were to perform an unbiased concentration-dependent assessment of these chemicals, to quantify differences in cancer-specific genes and pathways, to describe if these differences occur at human population-relevant concentrations, and to specifically test for differences in markers of stemness and cellular plasticity. METHODS We treated nontumorigenic mammary epithelial cells, MCF10A, with 21 chemicals at four concentrations (25 nM , 250 nM , 2.5 μ M , and 25 μ M ) for 48 h. We conducted RNA-sequencing for these 408 samples, adapting the plexWell plate-based RNA-sequencing method to analyze differences in gene expression. We calculated gene and biological pathway-specific benchmark concentrations (BMCs) using BMDExpress3, identifying differentially expressed genes and generating the best fit benchmark concentration models for each chemical across all genes. We identified enriched biological processes and pathways for each chemical and tested whether chemical exposures change predicted cell type distributions. We contextualized benchmark concentrations relative to human population biomarker concentrations in NHANES. RESULTS We detected chemical concentration-dependent differences in gene expression for thousands of genes. Enrichment and cell type distribution analyses showed benchmark concentration responses correlated with differences in breast cancer-related pathways, including induction of basal-like characteristics for some chemicals, including arsenic, lead, copper, and methyl paraben. Comparison of benchmark data to NHANES chemical biomarker (urine or blood) concentrations indicated an overlap between exposure levels and levels sufficient to cause a gene expression response. DISCUSSION These analyses revealed that many of these 21 chemicals resulted in differences in genes and pathways involved in breast cancer in vitro at human exposure-relevant concentrations. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP12886.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anagha Tapaswi
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Katelyn M. Polemi
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Vy K. Nguyen
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Justin A. Colacino
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Program in the Environment, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Aker A, Nguyen V, Ayotte P, Ricard S, Lemire M. Characterizing Important Dietary Exposure Sources of Perfluoroalkyl Acids in Inuit Youth and Adults in Nunavik Using a Feature Selection Tool. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2024; 132:47014. [PMID: 38683744 PMCID: PMC11057678 DOI: 10.1289/ehp13556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have identified the consumption of country foods (hunted/harvested foods from the land) as the primary exposure source of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAA) in Arctic communities. However, identifying the specific foods associated with PFAA exposures is complicated due to correlation between country foods that are commonly consumed together. METHODS We used venous blood sample data and food frequency questionnaire data from the Qanuilirpitaa? ("How are we now?") 2017 (Q2017) survey of Inuit individuals ≥ 16 y of age residing in Nunavik (n = 1,193 ). Adaptive elastic net, a machine learning technique, identified the most important food items for predicting PFAA biomarker levels while accounting for the correlation among the food items. We used generalized linear regression models to quantify the association between the most predictive food items and six plasma PFAA biomarker levels. The estimates were converted to percent changes in a specific PFAA biomarker level per standard deviation increase in the consumption of a food item. Models were also stratified by food type (market or country foods). RESULTS Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), and perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnDA) were associated with frequent consumption of beluga misirak (rendered fat) [14.6%; 95% confidence interval (CI): 10.3%, 18.9%; 14.6% (95% CI: 10.1%, 19.0%)], seal liver [9.3% (95% CI: 5.0%, 13.7%); 8.1% (95% CI: 3.5%, 12.6%)], and suuvalik (fish roe mixed with berries and fat) [6.0% (95% CI: 1.3%, 10.7%); 7.5% (95% CI: 2.7%, 12.3%)]. Beluga misirak was also associated with higher concentrations of perfluorohexanesulphonic acid (PFHxS) and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), albeit with lower percentage changes. PFHxS, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), and PFNA followed some similar patterns, with higher levels associated with frequent consumption of ptarmigan [6.1% (95% CI: 3.2%, 9.0%); 5.1% (95% CI: 1.1%, 9.1%); 5.4% (95% CI: 1.8%, 9.0%)]. Among market foods, frequent consumption of processed meat and popcorn was consistently associated with lower PFAA exposure. CONCLUSIONS Our study identifies specific food items contributing to environmental contaminant exposure in Indigenous or small communities relying on local subsistence foods using adaptive elastic net to prioritize responses from a complex food frequency questionnaire. In Nunavik, higher PFAA biomarker levels were primarily related to increased consumption of country foods, particularly beluga misirak, seal liver, suuvalik, and ptarmigan. Our results support policies regulating PFAA production and use to limit the contamination of Arctic species through long-range transport. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP13556.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Aker
- Axe santé des populations et pratiques optimales en santé, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
- Département de médecine sociale et préventive, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Vy Nguyen
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- University of Michigan School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Pierre Ayotte
- Axe santé des populations et pratiques optimales en santé, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
- Département de médecine sociale et préventive, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
- Centre de Toxicologie du Québec, Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Sylvie Ricard
- Nunavik Regional Board of Health and Social Services, Kuujjuaq, Québec, Canada
| | - Mélanie Lemire
- Axe santé des populations et pratiques optimales en santé, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
- Département de médecine sociale et préventive, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
- Institut de biologie intégrative et des systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
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Stephan-Recaido SC, Peckham TK, Lavoué J, Baker MG. Characterizing the Burden of Occupational Chemical Exposures by Sociodemographic Groups in the United States, 2021. Am J Public Health 2024; 114:57-67. [PMID: 38091568 PMCID: PMC10726941 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2023.307461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Objectives. To estimate the number and prevalence of workers in the United States exposed to chemical hazards available in the Canadian job-exposure matrix (CANJEM) database and examine exposure disparities across sociodemographic groups. Methods. We merged US worker demographic data from the Current Population Survey with CANJEM to characterize the burden and sociodemographic distribution of 244 chemical exposures in the United States in 2021. An interactive version of the full data set is available online (https://deohs.washington.edu/us-exposure-burden). Results. Of the chemical exposures examined, the most prevalent were cleaning and antimicrobial agents (14.7% of workforce estimated exposed), engine emissions (12.8%), organic solvents (12.1%), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (10.1%), and diesel engine emissions (8.3%). Racial and ethnic minoritized groups, persons with lower educational attainment, foreign-born noncitizens, and males were generally overrepresented in exposure to work-related chemical hazards. Conclusions. In the United States, marginalized sociodemographic groups are estimated to experience an inequitable burden to many chemical exposures because of occupational segregation. Data from this analysis can inform occupational and public health research, policy, and interventions aimed at reducing the burden of disease and health inequities in the United States. (Am J Public Health. 2024;114(1):57-67. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2023.307461).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelley C Stephan-Recaido
- Shelley C. Stephan-Recaido and Marissa G. Baker are with the Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle. Trevor K. Peckham is with the Hazardous Waste Management Program in King County, Seattle, and the Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington School of Public Health. Jérôme Lavoué is with the University of Montreal Hospital Research Center and the Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Trevor K Peckham
- Shelley C. Stephan-Recaido and Marissa G. Baker are with the Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle. Trevor K. Peckham is with the Hazardous Waste Management Program in King County, Seattle, and the Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington School of Public Health. Jérôme Lavoué is with the University of Montreal Hospital Research Center and the Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jérôme Lavoué
- Shelley C. Stephan-Recaido and Marissa G. Baker are with the Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle. Trevor K. Peckham is with the Hazardous Waste Management Program in King County, Seattle, and the Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington School of Public Health. Jérôme Lavoué is with the University of Montreal Hospital Research Center and the Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Marissa G Baker
- Shelley C. Stephan-Recaido and Marissa G. Baker are with the Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle. Trevor K. Peckham is with the Hazardous Waste Management Program in King County, Seattle, and the Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington School of Public Health. Jérôme Lavoué is with the University of Montreal Hospital Research Center and the Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Guo P, Jin Z, Bellia G, Luo J, Inoue K, Pollitt KJG, Deziel NC, Liew Z. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and sleep health in U.S. adults, NHANES 2005-2014. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 237:117092. [PMID: 37683785 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are synthetic chemicals that induce oxidative inflammatory responses and disrupt the endocrine and central nervous systems, all of which can influence sleep. OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between PFAS exposure and sleep health measures in U.S. adults. METHODS We analyzed serum concentration data of four PFAS [perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA)] reported for 8913 adults in NHANES 2005-2014. Sleep outcomes, including trouble sleeping, having a diagnosis of sleep disorder, and recent daily sleep duration classified as insufficient or excessive sleep (<6 or >9 h/day) were examined. Weighted logistic regression was used to estimate the association between the sleep outcomes and each PFAS modeled continuously (log2) or in exposure tertiles. We applied quantile g-computation to estimate the effect of the four PFAS as a mixture on the sleep outcomes. We conducted a quantitative bias analysis to assess the potential influence of self-selection and uncontrolled confounding. RESULTS We observed some inverse associations between serum PFAS and trouble sleeping or sleep disorder, which were more consistent for PFOS (e.g., per log2-PFOS (ng/ml) and trouble sleeping OR = 0.93, 95%CI: 0.89, 0.98; sleep disorder OR = 0.89, 95%CI: 0.83, 0.95). Per quartile increase of the PFAS mixture was inversely associated with trouble sleeping and sleep disorder. No consistent associations were found for sleep duration across analyses. Our bias analysis suggests that the finding on sleep disorder could be explained by a moderate level of self-selection and negative confounding effects. CONCLUSIONS We found no evidence to suggest exposure to four legacy PFAS worsened self-reported sleep health among U.S. adults. While some inverse associations between specific PFAS and sleep disorder were observed, self-selection and uncontrolled confounding biases may play a role in these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Guo
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, USA; Yale Center for Perinatal, Pediatric and Environmental Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, USA.
| | - Zhihao Jin
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, USA.
| | - Giselle Bellia
- Yale Center for Perinatal, Pediatric and Environmental Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, USA.
| | - Jiajun Luo
- Institute for Population and Precision Health, University of Chicago, USA.
| | - Kosuke Inoue
- Department of Social Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan.
| | - Krystal J Godri Pollitt
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, USA; Yale Center for Perinatal, Pediatric and Environmental Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, USA.
| | - Nicole C Deziel
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, USA; Yale Center for Perinatal, Pediatric and Environmental Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, USA.
| | - Zeyan Liew
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, USA; Yale Center for Perinatal, Pediatric and Environmental Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, USA.
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Mauriz-Barreiro V, Ruano-Raviña A, Ferreiro-Iglesias R, Bastón-Rey I, Calviño-Suárez C, Nieto-García L, Porto-Silva S, Martínez-Seara X, Domínguez-Munoz JE, Barreiro-de Acosta M. Is Occupation a Risk Factor for Developing Inflammatory Bowel Disease? A Case-Control Study. CROHN'S & COLITIS 360 2023; 5:otad065. [PMID: 37941599 PMCID: PMC10629213 DOI: 10.1093/crocol/otad065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aims The role of occupation is uncertain in the onset of inflammatory bowel diseases. The aim of this study is to identify if there is a role of occupation in these diseases. Materials and methods A case-control study with incident cases with inflammatory bowel diseases was designed. Cases and controls were recruited simultaneously and controls followed a sex and age frequency matching with cases. A detailed questionnaire was completed by all the participants. To analyze the results, a logistic regression was used. A subgroup analysis was performed for each inflammatory bowel disease. Results A total of 141 patients with incident inflammatory bowel disease (80 ulcerative colitis, 55 Crohn's disease, and 6 unclassified colitis) and 114 controls were included. There were no statistically significant differences in type of work, working hours, contact with animals, or physical activity at work between inflammatory bowel disease patients and controls. After stratifying results according to type of IBD, there were no statistically significant differences either. Conclusions There seems to be no risk for inflammatory bowel disease onset regarding the type of work, working hours, contact with animals, or sedentariness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Mauriz-Barreiro
- Gastroenterology Department, Clinical University Hospital of Ferrol, Ferrol, Spain
- University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Alberto Ruano-Raviña
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Iria Bastón-Rey
- Clinical University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - Laura Nieto-García
- Clinical University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Sol Porto-Silva
- Clinical University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Xurxo Martínez-Seara
- Clinical University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - Manuel Barreiro-de Acosta
- University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Clinical University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Nguyen TT, Nguyen HV, Vu HM, Chiu RG, Nguyen QN, Nguyen TTP, Nguyen LH, Dang AK, Do KN, Nguyen TH, Nguyen V, Ngo AT, Tran TH, Latkin CA, Ho CSH, Ho RCM. Factors correlated with neuropathic pain among industrial workers in Vietnam: a multi-site cross-sectional study. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1007483. [PMID: 37637802 PMCID: PMC10451076 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1007483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Neuropathic pain is a debilitating condition resulting from various etiologies such as diabetes, multiple sclerosis, and infection, and is associated with decreased quality of life, poor health outcomes, and increased economic burden. However, epidemiological studies on neuropathic pain have been largely limited in Vietnam. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on adult Vietnamese industrial workers across three manufacturing plants. Demographic, socioeconomic, occupational and health data were collected. Prevalence of neuropathic pain was assessed using the Douleur Neuropathique 4 (DN4) scale. Regression modeling was utilized to identify predictors of pain. Results Among 276 workers, 43.1 and 24.3% reported that they had suffered from spinal pain and osteoarthritis pain, respectively. In terms of work conditions, people maintaining constant posture when working from 30 to 60 min (OR = 3.15, 95% CI = 1.07; 9.29), or over 60 min (OR = 2.59; 95% CI = 1.12; 5.98) had a higher risk of suffering from spinal pain. People who worked in conditions lacking adequate lighting and with exposures to toxic chemicals were also likely to be suffering from osteoarthritis pain with OR = 4.26, 95% CI = 1.02; 17.74 and Coef. = 1.93; 95% CI = 1.49; 2.50, respectively. Regular health examinations and higher expenditure for healthcare were correlated with a lower prevalence of neuropathic pain. Discussion These results may inform the adoption of pain screening and other programs that increase health care access for this population, as well as more stringent occupational health and safety standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tham Thi Nguyen
- Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
- Faculty of Nursing, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | - Huong Van Nguyen
- Department of Neuroscience, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hai Minh Vu
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic, Thai Binh Medical University Hospital, Thai Binh, Vietnam
| | - Ryan G. Chiu
- College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | | | - Thao Thi Phuong Nguyen
- Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
- Faculty of Nursing, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | - Long Hoang Nguyen
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anh Kim Dang
- Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Khanh Nam Do
- Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tu Huu Nguyen
- Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Vietnam Young Physician Association, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Vu Nguyen
- Department of Surgery, Hanoi Medical University Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Anh Toan Ngo
- Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
- National Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tung Hoang Tran
- Institute of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Vietnam–Germany Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Carl A. Latkin
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Cyrus S. H. Ho
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Roger C. M. Ho
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Nguyen VK, Middleton LYM, Huang L, Zhao N, Verly E, Kvasnicka J, Sagers L, Patel CJ, Colacino J, Jolliet O. Harmonized US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1988-2018 for high throughput exposome-health discovery. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.02.06.23284573. [PMID: 36798185 PMCID: PMC9934713 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.06.23284573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) provides data on the health and environmental exposure of the non-institutionalized US population. Such data have considerable potential to understand how the environment and behaviors impact human health. These data are also currently leveraged to answer public health questions such as prevalence of disease. However, these data need to first be processed before new insights can be derived through large-scale analyses. NHANES data are stored across hundreds of files with multiple inconsistencies. Correcting such inconsistencies takes systematic cross examination and considerable efforts but is required for accurately and reproducibly characterizing the associations between the exposome and diseases. Thus, we developed a set of curated and unified datasets and accompanied code by merging 614 separate files and harmonizing unrestricted data across NHANES III (1988-1994) and Continuous (1999-2018), totaling 134,310 participants and 4,740 variables. The variables convey 1) demographic information, 2) dietary consumption, 3) physical examination results, 4) occupation, 5) questionnaire items (e.g., physical activity, general health status, medical conditions), 6) medications, 7) mortality status linked from the National Death Index, 8) survey weights, 9) environmental exposure biomarker measurements, and 10) chemical comments that indicate which measurements are below or above the lower limit of detection. We also provide a data dictionary listing the variables and their descriptions to help researchers browse the data. We also provide R markdown files to show example codes on calculating summary statistics and running regression models to help accelerate high-throughput analysis and secular trends of the exposome. [Table: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Vy Kim Nguyen
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Lauren Y. M. Middleton
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Lei Huang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Neil Zhao
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Eliseu Verly
- Department of Public Health Nutrition, Rio de Janeiro State University, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, 20550-013, Brazil
| | - Jacob Kvasnicka
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 80521, USA
| | - Luke Sagers
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Chirag J. Patel
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Justin Colacino
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Olivier Jolliet
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Sustain, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Hovedstaden, Denmark
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