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Chen X, Bahramimehr F, Shahhamzehei N, Fu H, Lin S, Wang H, Li C, Efferth T, Hong C. Anti-aging effects of medicinal plants and their rapid screening using the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 129:155665. [PMID: 38768535 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging is the primary risk factor of most chronic diseases in humans, including cardiovascular diseases, osteoporosis and neurodegenerative diseases, which extensively damage the quality of life for elderly individuals. Aging is a multifaceted process with numerous factors affecting it. Efficient model organisms are essential for the research and development of anti-aging agents, particularly when investigating pharmacological mechanisms are needed. PURPOSE This review discusses the application of Caenorhabditis elegans for studying aging and its related signaling pathways, and presents an overview of studies exploring the mechanism and screening of anti-aging agents in C. elegans. Additionally, the review summarizes related clinical trials of anti-aging agents to inspire the development of new medications. METHOD Literature was searched, analyzed, and collected using PubMed, Web of Science, and Science Direct. The search terms used were "anti-aging", "medicinal plants", "synthetic compounds", "C. elegans", "signal pathway", etc. Several combinations of these keywords were used. Studies conducted in C. elegans or humans were included. Articles were excluded, if they were on studies conducted in silico or in vitro or could not offer effective data. RESULTS Four compounds mainly derived through synthesis (metformin, rapamycin, nicotinamide mononucleotide, alpha-ketoglutarate) and four active ingredients chiefly obtained from plants (resveratrol, quercetin, Astragalus polysaccharide, ginsenosides) are introduced emphatically. These compounds and active ingredients exhibit potential anti-aging effects in preclinical and clinical studies. The screening of these anti-aging agents and the investigation of their pharmacological mechanisms can benefit from the use of C. elegans. CONCLUSION Medicinal plants provide valuable resource for the treatment of diseases. A wide source of raw materials for the particular plant medicinal compounds having anti-aging effects meet diverse pharmaceutical requirements, such as immunomodulatory, anti-inflammation and alleviating oxidative stress. C. elegans possesses advantages in scientific research including short life cycle, small size, easy maintenance, genetic tractability and conserved biological processes related to aging. C. elegans can be used for the efficient and rapid evaluation of compounds with the potential to slow down aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Faranak Bahramimehr
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nasim Shahhamzehei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Huangjie Fu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Siyi Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Hanxiao Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Changyu Li
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Chunlan Hong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
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Kuerec AH, Wang W, Yi L, Tao R, Lin Z, Vaidya A, Pendse S, Thasma S, Andhalkar N, Avhad G, Kumbhar V, Maier AB. Towards personalized nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) supplementation: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) concentration. Mech Ageing Dev 2024; 218:111917. [PMID: 38430946 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2024.111917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) is a precursor of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), which declines with age. Supplementation of NMN has been shown to improve blood NAD concentration. However, the optimal NMN dose remains unclear. This is a post-hoc analysis of a double-blinded clinical trial involving 80 generally healthy adults aged 40-65 years. The participants received a placebo or daily 300 mg, 600 mg, or 900 mg NMN for 60 days. Blood NAD concentration, blood biological age, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance, 6-minute walk test, and 36-item short-form survey (SF-36) were measured at baseline and after supplement. A significant dose-dependent increase in NAD concentration change (NADΔ) was observed following NMN supplementation, with a large coefficient of variation (29.2-113.3%) within group. The increase in NADΔ was associated with an improvement in the walking distance of 6-minute walk test and the SF-36 score. The median effect dose of NADΔ for the 6-minute walk test and SF-36 score was 15.7 nmol/L (95% CI: 10.9-20.5 nmol/L) and 13.5 nmol/L (95% CI; 10.5-16.5 nmol/L), respectively. Because of the high interindividual variability of the NADΔ after NMN supplementation, monitoring NAD concentration can provide valuable insights for tailoring personalized dosage regimens and optimizing NMN utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajla Hodzic Kuerec
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore; Centre for Healthy Longevity, @AgeSingapore, National University Health System, 10 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Weilan Wang
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore; Centre for Healthy Longevity, @AgeSingapore, National University Health System, 10 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Lin Yi
- Abinopharm, Inc, 3 Enterprise Drive, Suite 407, Shelton, CT 06484, USA
| | - Rongsheng Tao
- Huzhou Yihui Biotechnology Co., Ltd, 1366 Hong Feng Road, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhigang Lin
- ABA Chemicals Corporation, 67 Libing Road, Building 4, Zhangjian Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Aditi Vaidya
- ProRelix Services LLP, 102 A/B, Park Plaza, Karve Road, Karve Nagar, Pune, Maharashtra 411052, India
| | - Sohal Pendse
- ProRelix Services LLP, 102 A/B, Park Plaza, Karve Road, Karve Nagar, Pune, Maharashtra 411052, India
| | - Sornaraja Thasma
- ProRelix Services LLP, 102 A/B, Park Plaza, Karve Road, Karve Nagar, Pune, Maharashtra 411052, India
| | - Niranjan Andhalkar
- ProRelix Services LLP, 102 A/B, Park Plaza, Karve Road, Karve Nagar, Pune, Maharashtra 411052, India
| | - Ganesh Avhad
- Lotus Healthcare & Aesthetics Clinic, 5 Bramha Chambers, 2010 Sadashivpeth, Tilak Road, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vidyadhar Kumbhar
- Sunad Ayurved, Siddhivinayak Apart, Jeevan Nagar, Chinchwad, Pune, Maharashtra 411033, India
| | - Andrea B Maier
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore; Centre for Healthy Longevity, @AgeSingapore, National University Health System, 10 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Singapore; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Human Movement Sciences, @AgeAmsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Van der Boechorststraat 7, Amsterdam 1081 BT, the Netherlands.
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Lee D, Tomita Y, Shinojima A, Ban N, Yamaguchi S, Nishioka K, Negishi K, Yoshino J, Kurihara T. Nicotinamide mononucleotide, a potential future treatment in ocular diseases. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2024; 262:689-700. [PMID: 37335334 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-023-06118-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The burden of ocular diseases has been gradually increasing worldwide. Various factors are suggested for the development and progression of ocular diseases, such as ocular inflammation, oxidative stress, and complex metabolic dysregulation. Thus, managing ocular diseases requires the modulation of pathologic signaling pathways through many mechanisms. Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) is a bioactive molecule naturally found in life forms. NMN is a direct precursor of the important molecule nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), an essential co-enzyme required for enormous cellular functions in most life forms. While the recent experimental evidence of NMN treatment in various metabolic diseases has been well-reviewed, NMN treatment in ocular diseases has not been comprehensively summarized yet. In this regard, we aimed to focus on the therapeutic roles of NMN treatment in various ocular diseases with recent advances. METHODS How we came to our current opinion with a recent summary was described based on our own recent reports as well as a search of the related literature. RESULTS We found that NMN treatment might be available for the prevention of and protection from various experimental ocular diseases, as NMN treatment modulated ocular inflammation, oxidative stress, and complex metabolic dysregulation in murine models for eye diseases such as ischemic retinopathy, corneal defect, glaucoma, and age-related macular degeneration. CONCLUSION Our current review suggests and discusses new modes of actions of NMN for the prevention of and protection from various ocular diseases and can urge future research to obtain more solid evidence on a potential future NMN treatment in ocular diseases at the preclinical stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deokho Lee
- Laboratory of Photobiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yohei Tomita
- Laboratory of Photobiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Ari Shinojima
- Laboratory of Photobiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Norimitsu Ban
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Shintaro Yamaguchi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Ken Nishioka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kazuno Negishi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Jun Yoshino
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Toshihide Kurihara
- Laboratory of Photobiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
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Henderson JD, Quigley SNZ, Chachra SS, Conlon N, Ford D. The use of a systems approach to increase NAD + in human participants. NPJ AGING 2024; 10:7. [PMID: 38302501 PMCID: PMC10834541 DOI: 10.1038/s41514-023-00134-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Reversal or mitigation against an age-related decline in NAD+ has likely benefits, and this premise has driven academic and commercial endeavour to develop dietary supplements that achieve this outcome. We used a systems-based approach to improve on current supplements by targeting multiple points in the NAD+ salvage pathway. In a double-blind, randomised, crossover trial, the supplement - Nuchido TIME+® (NT) - increased NAD+ concentration in whole blood. This was associated with an increase in SIRT1 and an increase in nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) in peripheral blood mononucleocytes, lower concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines in plasma, including a reduction in interleukin 2 (IL2), a reduction in glycated serum protein and a shift in the glycosylation profile of immunoglobulin G (IgG) toward a younger biological age, all of which are likely to promote a healthier ageing trajectory.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Henderson
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Northumberland Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, Mærsk Tårnet, 7, Sal, 2200, København N, Denmark
| | - Sophia N Z Quigley
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Northumberland Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Shruti S Chachra
- Nuchido Ltd. Dissington Hall, Dalton, Northumberland, NE18 0AD, UK
| | - Nichola Conlon
- Nuchido Ltd. Dissington Hall, Dalton, Northumberland, NE18 0AD, UK.
| | - Dianne Ford
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Northumberland Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK.
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Li F, Wu C, Wang G. Targeting NAD Metabolism for the Therapy of Age-Related Neurodegenerative Diseases. Neurosci Bull 2024; 40:218-240. [PMID: 37253984 PMCID: PMC10838897 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-023-01072-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
As the aging population continues to grow rapidly, age-related diseases are becoming an increasing burden on the healthcare system and a major concern for the well-being of elderly individuals. While aging is an inevitable process for all humans, it can be slowed down and age-related diseases can be treated or alleviated. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is a critical coenzyme or cofactor that plays a central role in metabolism and is involved in various cellular processes including the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis, post-translational protein modifications, DNA repair, and immune responses. As individuals age, their NAD levels decline, and this decrease has been suggested to be a contributing factor to the development of numerous age-related diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases. In pursuit of healthy aging, researchers have investigated approaches to boost or maintain NAD levels. Here, we provide an overview of NAD metabolism and the role of NAD in age-related diseases and summarize recent progress in the development of strategies that target NAD metabolism for the treatment of age-related diseases, particularly neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Chou Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Gelin Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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6
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Bhasin S, Seals D, Migaud M, Musi N, Baur JA. Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide in Aging Biology: Potential Applications and Many Unknowns. Endocr Rev 2023; 44:1047-1073. [PMID: 37364580 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnad019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Recent research has unveiled an expansive role of NAD+ in cellular energy generation, redox reactions, and as a substrate or cosubstrate in signaling pathways that regulate health span and aging. This review provides a critical appraisal of the clinical pharmacology and the preclinical and clinical evidence for therapeutic effects of NAD+ precursors for age-related conditions, with a particular focus on cardiometabolic disorders, and discusses gaps in current knowledge. NAD+ levels decrease throughout life; age-related decline in NAD+ bioavailability has been postulated to be a contributor to many age-related diseases. Raising NAD+ levels in model organisms by administration of NAD+ precursors improves glucose and lipid metabolism; attenuates diet-induced weight gain, diabetes, diabetic kidney disease, and hepatic steatosis; reduces endothelial dysfunction; protects heart from ischemic injury; improves left ventricular function in models of heart failure; attenuates cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative disorders; and increases health span. Early human studies show that NAD+ levels can be raised safely in blood and some tissues by oral NAD+ precursors and suggest benefit in preventing nonmelanotic skin cancer, modestly reducing blood pressure and improving lipid profile in older adults with obesity or overweight; preventing kidney injury in at-risk patients; and suppressing inflammation in Parkinson disease and SARS-CoV-2 infection. Clinical pharmacology, metabolism, and therapeutic mechanisms of NAD+ precursors remain incompletely understood. We suggest that these early findings provide the rationale for adequately powered randomized trials to evaluate the efficacy of NAD+ augmentation as a therapeutic strategy to prevent and treat metabolic disorders and age-related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalender Bhasin
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism, Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Douglas Seals
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Medicine, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Marie Migaud
- Department of Pharmacology, Mitchell Cancer Institute, College of Medicine, University of Southern Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
| | - Nicolas Musi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Joseph A Baur
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Wang P, Chen M, Hou Y, Luan J, Liu R, Chen L, Hu M, Yu Q. Fingerstick blood assay maps real-world NAD + disparity across gender and age. Aging Cell 2023; 22:e13965. [PMID: 37641521 PMCID: PMC10577551 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+ ) level has been associated with various age-related diseases and its pharmacological modulation emerges as a potential approach for aging intervention. But human NAD+ landscape exhibits large heterogeneity. The lack of rapid, low-cost assays limits the establishment of whole-blood NAD+ baseline and the development of personalized therapies, especially for those with poor responses towards conventional NAD+ supplementations. Here, we developed an automated NAD+ analyzer for the rapid measurement of NAD+ with 5 μL of capillary blood using recombinant bioluminescent sensor protein and automated optical reader. The minimal invasiveness of the assay allowed a frequent and decentralized mapping of real-world NAD+ dynamics. We showed that aerobic sport and NMN supplementation increased whole-blood NAD+ and that male on average has higher NAD+ than female before the age of 50. We further revealed the long-term stability of human NAD+ baseline over 100 days and identified major real-world NAD+ -modulating behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Wang
- Sino‐European Center of Biomedicine and Health, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for the Intelligent Microbial Manufacturing of MedicinesShenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenChina
| | - Meiting Chen
- Sino‐European Center of Biomedicine and Health, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for the Intelligent Microbial Manufacturing of MedicinesShenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenChina
| | - Yaying Hou
- Celfull (China) Operation and Research CenterShenzhenChina
| | - Jun Luan
- Department of Sports MedicineGuangzhou Sport UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Ruili Liu
- Celfull (China) Operation and Research CenterShenzhenChina
| | - Liuqing Chen
- Sino‐European Center of Biomedicine and Health, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for the Intelligent Microbial Manufacturing of MedicinesShenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenChina
| | - Min Hu
- Department of Sports MedicineGuangzhou Sport UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Qiuliyang Yu
- Sino‐European Center of Biomedicine and Health, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for the Intelligent Microbial Manufacturing of MedicinesShenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenChina
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Biţă A, Scorei IR, Ciocîlteu MV, Nicolaescu OE, Pîrvu AS, Bejenaru LE, Rău G, Bejenaru C, Radu A, Neamţu J, Mogoşanu GD, Benner SA. Nicotinamide Riboside, a Promising Vitamin B 3 Derivative for Healthy Aging and Longevity: Current Research and Perspectives. Molecules 2023; 28:6078. [PMID: 37630330 PMCID: PMC10459282 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28166078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Many studies have suggested that the oxidized form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is involved in an extensive spectrum of human pathologies, including neurodegenerative disorders, cardiomyopathy, obesity, and diabetes. Further, healthy aging and longevity appear to be closely related to NAD+ and its related metabolites, including nicotinamide riboside (NR) and nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN). As a dietary supplement, NR appears to be well tolerated, having better pharmacodynamics and greater potency. Unfortunately, NR is a reactive molecule, often unstable during its manufacturing, transport, and storage. Recently, work related to prebiotic chemistry discovered that NR borate is considerably more stable than NR itself. However, immediately upon consumption, the borate dissociates from the NR borate and is lost in the body through dilution and binding to other species, notably carbohydrates such as fructose and glucose. The NR left behind is expected to behave pharmacologically in ways identical to NR itself. This review provides a comprehensive summary (through Q1 of 2023) of the literature that makes the case for the consumption of NR as a dietary supplement. It then summarizes the challenges of delivering quality NR to consumers using standard synthesis, manufacture, shipping, and storage approaches. It concludes by outlining the advantages of NR borate in these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Biţă
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 2 Petru Rareş Street, 200349 Craiova, Dolj County, Romania; (A.B.); (L.E.B.); (G.D.M.)
- Department of Biochemistry, BioBoron Research Institute, S.C. Natural Research S.R.L., 31B Dunării Street, 207465 Podari, Dolj County, Romania; (M.V.C.); (G.R.); (J.N.)
| | - Ion Romulus Scorei
- Department of Biochemistry, BioBoron Research Institute, S.C. Natural Research S.R.L., 31B Dunării Street, 207465 Podari, Dolj County, Romania; (M.V.C.); (G.R.); (J.N.)
| | - Maria Viorica Ciocîlteu
- Department of Biochemistry, BioBoron Research Institute, S.C. Natural Research S.R.L., 31B Dunării Street, 207465 Podari, Dolj County, Romania; (M.V.C.); (G.R.); (J.N.)
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 2 Petru Rareş Street, 200349 Craiova, Dolj County, Romania
| | - Oana Elena Nicolaescu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 2 Petru Rareş Street, 200349 Craiova, Dolj County, Romania;
| | - Andreea Silvia Pîrvu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 2 Petru Rareş Street, 200349 Craiova, Dolj County, Romania;
| | - Ludovic Everard Bejenaru
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 2 Petru Rareş Street, 200349 Craiova, Dolj County, Romania; (A.B.); (L.E.B.); (G.D.M.)
| | - Gabriela Rău
- Department of Biochemistry, BioBoron Research Institute, S.C. Natural Research S.R.L., 31B Dunării Street, 207465 Podari, Dolj County, Romania; (M.V.C.); (G.R.); (J.N.)
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 2 Petru Rareş Street, 200349 Craiova, Dolj County, Romania
| | - Cornelia Bejenaru
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 2 Petru Rareş Street, 200349 Craiova, Dolj County, Romania; (C.B.); (A.R.)
| | - Antonia Radu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 2 Petru Rareş Street, 200349 Craiova, Dolj County, Romania; (C.B.); (A.R.)
| | - Johny Neamţu
- Department of Biochemistry, BioBoron Research Institute, S.C. Natural Research S.R.L., 31B Dunării Street, 207465 Podari, Dolj County, Romania; (M.V.C.); (G.R.); (J.N.)
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 2 Petru Rareş Street, 200349 Craiova, Dolj County, Romania
| | - George Dan Mogoşanu
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 2 Petru Rareş Street, 200349 Craiova, Dolj County, Romania; (A.B.); (L.E.B.); (G.D.M.)
- Department of Biochemistry, BioBoron Research Institute, S.C. Natural Research S.R.L., 31B Dunării Street, 207465 Podari, Dolj County, Romania; (M.V.C.); (G.R.); (J.N.)
| | - Steven A. Benner
- Foundation for Applied Molecular Evolution (FfAME), 13709 Progress Avenue, Room N112, Alachua, FL 32615, USA;
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Pencina KM, Valderrabano R, Wipper B, Orkaby AR, Reid KF, Storer T, Lin AP, Merugumala S, Wilson L, Latham N, Ghattas-Puylara C, Ozimek NE, Cheng M, Bhargava A, Memish-Beleva Y, Lawney B, Lavu S, Swain PM, Apte RS, Sinclair DA, Livingston D, Bhasin S. Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Augmentation in Overweight or Obese Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A Physiologic Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:1968-1980. [PMID: 36740954 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) levels decline with aging and age-related decline in NAD has been postulated to contribute to age-related diseases. OBJECTIVE We evaluated the safety and physiologic effects of NAD augmentation by administering its precursor, β-nicotinamide mononucleotide (MIB-626, Metro International Biotech, Worcester, MA), in adults at risk for age-related conditions. METHODS Thirty overweight or obese adults, ≥ 45 years, were randomized in a 2:1 ratio to 2 MIB-626 tablets each containing 500 mg of microcrystalline β-nicotinamide mononucleotide or placebo twice daily for 28 days. Study outcomes included safety; NAD and its metabolome; body weight; liver, muscle, and intra-abdominal fat; insulin sensitivity; blood pressure; lipids; physical performance, and muscle bioenergetics. RESULTS Adverse events were similar between groups. MIB-626 treatment substantially increased circulating concentrations of NAD and its metabolites. Body weight (difference -1.9 [-3.3, -0.5] kg, P = .008); diastolic blood pressure (difference -7.01 [-13.44, -0.59] mmHg, P = .034); total cholesterol (difference -26.89 [-44.34, -9.44] mg/dL, P = .004), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (-18.73 [-31.85, -5.60] mg/dL, P = .007), and nonhigh-density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased significantly more in the MIB-626 group than placebo. Changes in muscle strength, muscle fatigability, aerobic capacity, and stair-climbing power did not differ significantly between groups. Insulin sensitivity and hepatic and intra-abdominal fat did not change in either group. CONCLUSIONS MIB-626 administration in overweight or obese, middle-aged and older adults safely increased circulating NAD levels, and significantly reduced total LDL and non-HDL cholesterol, body weight, and diastolic blood pressure. These data provide the rationale for larger trials to assess the efficacy of NAD augmentation in improving cardiometabolic outcomes in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Mateusz Pencina
- Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism, Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rodrigo Valderrabano
- Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism, Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Benjamin Wipper
- Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism, Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ariela R Orkaby
- Division of Aging, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Kieran F Reid
- Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism, Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Thomas Storer
- Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism, Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alexander P Lin
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sai Merugumala
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lauren Wilson
- Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism, Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nancy Latham
- Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism, Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Catherine Ghattas-Puylara
- Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism, Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Noelle E Ozimek
- Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism, Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ming Cheng
- Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism, Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Avantika Bhargava
- Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism, Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yusnie Memish-Beleva
- Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism, Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Siva Lavu
- Metro International Biotech, Worcester, MA 01606, USA
| | | | - Rajendra S Apte
- Metro International Biotech, Worcester, MA 01606, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - David A Sinclair
- Metro International Biotech, Worcester, MA 01606, USA
- Department of Genetics, and The Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Shalender Bhasin
- Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism, Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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10
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Correa-de Araujo R, Evans WJ, Fielding RA, Krishnan V, Carter RH, Appleby J, Guralnik J, Klickstein LB, Marks P, Moore AA, Peschin S, Bhasin S. Synergistic Strategies to Accelerate the Development of Function-Promoting Therapies: Lessons From Operation Warp Speed and Oncology Drug Development. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2023; 78:94-100. [PMID: 37325963 PMCID: PMC10272982 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glad028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional limitations and physical disabilities associated with aging and chronic disease are major concerns for human societies and expeditious development of function-promoting therapies is a public health priority. METHODS Expert panel discussion. RESULTS The remarkable success of Operation Warp Speed for the rapid development of COVID-19 vaccines, COVID-19 therapeutics, and of oncology drug development programs over the past decade have taught us that complex public health problems such as the development of function-promoting therapies will require collaboration among many stakeholders, including academic investigators, the National Institutes of Health, professional societies, patients and patient advocacy organizations, the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industry, and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. CONCLUSIONS There was agreement that the success of well designed, adequately powered clinical trials will require careful definitions of indication/s, study population, and patient-important endpoints that can be reliably measured using validated instruments, commensurate resource allocation, and versatile organizational structures such as those used in Operation Warp Speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaly Correa-de Araujo
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - William J Evans
- Department of Nutritional Science and Toxicology, University of California at Berkely, Berkely, California, USA
| | - Roger A Fielding
- Nutrition, Exercise Physiology, and Sarcopenia Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Robert H Carter
- National Institute of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - James Appleby
- Gerontological Society of America (GSA), Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Jack Guralnik
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Peter Marks
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Alison A Moore
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Sue Peschin
- Alliance for Aging Research, Aging in Motion, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Shalender Bhasin
- Research Program in Men’s Health: Aging and Metabolism, Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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11
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Sharma A, Chabloz S, Lapides RA, Roider E, Ewald CY. Potential Synergistic Supplementation of NAD+ Promoting Compounds as a Strategy for Increasing Healthspan. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15020445. [PMID: 36678315 PMCID: PMC9861325 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Disrupted biological function, manifesting through the hallmarks of aging, poses one of the largest threats to healthspan and risk of disease development, such as metabolic disorders, cardiovascular ailments, and neurodegeneration. In recent years, numerous geroprotectors, senolytics, and other nutraceuticals have emerged as potential disruptors of aging and may be viable interventions in the immediate state of human longevity science. In this review, we focus on the decrease in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) with age and the supplementation of NAD+ precursors, such as nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) or nicotinamide riboside (NR), in combination with other geroprotective compounds, to restore NAD+ levels present in youth. Furthermore, these geroprotectors may enhance the efficacy of NMN supplementation while concurrently providing their own numerous health benefits. By analyzing the prevention of NAD+ degradation through the inhibition of CD38 or supporting protective downstream agents of SIRT1, we provide a potential framework of the CD38/NAD+/SIRT1 axis through which geroprotectors may enhance the efficacy of NAD+ precursor supplementation and reduce the risk of age-related diseases, thereby potentiating healthspan in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arastu Sharma
- Laboratory of Extracellular Matrix Regeneration, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute of Translational Medicine, ETH Zürich, 8603 Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
- AVEA Life AG, Bahnhofplatz, 6300 Zug, Switzerland
| | | | - Rebecca A. Lapides
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Robert Larner, MD College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Elisabeth Roider
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
- Maximon AG, Bahnhofplatz, 6300 Zug, Switzerland
| | - Collin Y. Ewald
- Laboratory of Extracellular Matrix Regeneration, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute of Translational Medicine, ETH Zürich, 8603 Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
- Correspondence:
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12
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Yi L, Maier AB, Tao R, Lin Z, Vaidya A, Pendse S, Thasma S, Andhalkar N, Avhad G, Kumbhar V. The efficacy and safety of β-nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) supplementation in healthy middle-aged adults: a randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, dose-dependent clinical trial. GeroScience 2022; 45:29-43. [PMID: 36482258 PMCID: PMC9735188 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00705-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In animal studies, β-nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) supplementation increases nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) concentrations and improves healthspan and lifespan with great safety. However, it is unclear if these effects can be transferred to humans. This randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, dose-dependent clinical trial included 80 middle-aged healthy adults being randomized for a 60-day clinical trial with once daily oral dosing of placebo, 300 mg, 600 mg, or 900 mg NMN. The primary objective was to evaluate blood NAD concentration with dose-dependent regimens. The secondary objectives were to assess the safety and tolerability of NMN supplementation, next to the evaluation of clinical efficacy by measuring physical performance (six-minute walking test), blood biological age (Aging.Ai 3.0 calculator), Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), and subjective general health assessment [36-Item Short Form Survey Instrument (SF-36)]. Statistical analysis was performed using the Per Protocol analysis with significant level set at p = 0.05. All 80 participants completed the trial without trial protocol violation. Blood NAD concentrations were statistically significantly increased among all NMN-treated groups at day 30 and day 60 when compared to both placebo and baseline (all p ≤ 0.001). Blood NAD concentrations were highest in the groups taking 600 mg and 900 mg NMN. No safety issues, based on monitoring adverse events (AEs), laboratory and clinical measures, were found, and NMN supplementation was well tolerated. Walking distance increase during the six-minute walking test was statistically significantly higher in the 300 mg, 600 mg, and 900 mg groups compared to placebo at both days 30 and 60 (all p < 0.01), with longest walking distances measured in the 600 mg and 900 mg groups. The blood biological age increased significantly in the placebo group and stayed unchanged in all NMN-treated groups at day 60, which resulted in a significant difference between the treated groups and placebo (all p < 0.05). The HOMA-IR showed no statistically significant differences for all NMN-treated groups as compared to placebo at day 60. The change of SF-36 scores at day 30 and day 60 indicated statistically significantly better health of all three treated groups when compared to the placebo group (p < 0.05), except for the SF-36 score change in the 300 mg group at day 30. NMN supplementation increases blood NAD concentrations and is safe and well tolerated with oral dosing up to 900 mg NMN daily. Clinical efficacy expressed by blood NAD concentration and physical performance reaches highest at a dose of 600 mg daily oral intake. This trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04823260, and Clinical Trial Registry - India, CTRI/2021/03/032421.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yi
- Abinopharm, Inc, 3 Enterprise Drive, Suite 407, Shelton, CT, 06484, USA.
| | - Andrea B. Maier
- grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Department of Human Movement Sciences, @AgeAmsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228 Singapore ,grid.410759.e0000 0004 0451 6143Centre for Healthy Longevity, @AgeSingapore, National University Health System, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117456 Singapore
| | - Rongsheng Tao
- Huzhou Yihui Biotechnology Co., Ltd, 1366 Hong Feng Road, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhigang Lin
- ABA Chemicals Corporation, 67 Libing Road, Building 4, Zhangjian Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai, 201203 People’s Republic of China
| | - Aditi Vaidya
- grid.513192.dProRelix Services LLP, 102 A/B, Park Plaza, Karve Road, Karve Nagar, Pune, Maharashtra 411052 India
| | - Sohal Pendse
- grid.513192.dProRelix Services LLP, 102 A/B, Park Plaza, Karve Road, Karve Nagar, Pune, Maharashtra 411052 India
| | - Sornaraja Thasma
- grid.513192.dProRelix Services LLP, 102 A/B, Park Plaza, Karve Road, Karve Nagar, Pune, Maharashtra 411052 India
| | - Niranjan Andhalkar
- grid.513192.dProRelix Services LLP, 102 A/B, Park Plaza, Karve Road, Karve Nagar, Pune, Maharashtra 411052 India
| | - Ganesh Avhad
- Lotus Healthcare & Aesthetics Clinic, 5 Bramha Chambers, 2010 Sadashivpeth, Tilak Road, Pune, Maharashtra India
| | - Vidyadhar Kumbhar
- Sunad Ayurved, Siddhivinayak Apart, Jeevan Nagar, Maharashtra 411033 Chinchwad, Pune, India
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13
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Yu J, Li T, Zhu J. Gene Therapy Strategies Targeting Aging-Related Diseases. Aging Dis 2022; 14:398-417. [PMID: 37008065 PMCID: PMC10017145 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2022.00725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid advancements have taken place in gene therapy technology. However, effective methods for treating aging- or age-related chronic diseases, which are often closely related to genes or even multiple genes, are still lacking. The path to developing cures is winding, while gene therapy that targets genes related to aging represents an exciting research direction with tremendous potential. Among aging-related genes, some candidates have been studied at different levels, from cell to organismal levels (e.g., mammalian models) with different methods, from overexpression to gene editing. The TERT and APOE have even entered the stage of clinical trials. Even those displaying only a preliminary association with diseases have potential applications. This article discusses the foundations and recent breakthroughs in the field of gene therapy, providing a summary of current mainstream strategies and gene therapy products with clinical and preclinical applications. Finally, we review representative target genes and their potential for treating aging or age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jianhong Zhu
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Prof. Jianhong Zhu, Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .
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