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Hu D, Li Y, Zhang D, Ding J, Song Z, Min J, Zeng Y, Nie C. Genetic trade-offs between complex diseases and longevity. Aging Cell 2022; 21:e13654. [PMID: 35754110 PMCID: PMC9282840 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Longevity was influenced by many complex diseases and traits. However, the relationships between human longevity and genetic risks of complex diseases were not broadly studied. Here, we constructed polygenic risk scores (PRSs) for 225 complex diseases/traits and evaluated their relationships with human longevity in a cohort with 2178 centenarians and 2299 middle‐aged individuals. Lower genetic risks of stroke and hypotension were observed in centenarians, while higher genetic risks of schizophrenia (SCZ) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) were detected in long‐lived individuals. We further stratified PRSs into cell‐type groups and significance‐level groups. The results showed that the immune component of SCZ genetic risk was positively linked to longevity, and the renal component of T2D genetic risk was the most deleterious. Additionally, SNPs with very small p‐values (p ≤ 1x10‐5) for SCZ and T2D were negatively correlated with longevity. While for the less significant SNPs (1x10‐5 < p ≤ 0.05), their effects on disease and longevity were positively correlated. Overall, we identified genetically informed positive and negative factors for human longevity, gained more insights on the accumulation of disease risk alleles during evolution, and provided evidence for the theory of genetic trade‐offs between complex diseases and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingxue Hu
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yan Li
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | | | | | - Zijun Song
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junxia Min
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Zeng
- Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Hidalgo-Liberona N, Meroño T, Zamora-Ros R, Rabassa M, Semba R, Tanaka T, Bandinelli S, Ferrucci L, Andres-Lacueva C, Cherubini A. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet assessed by a novel dietary biomarker score and mortality in older adults: the InCHIANTI cohort study. BMC Med 2021; 19:280. [PMID: 34814922 PMCID: PMC8611910 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-021-02154-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary biomarkers may complement dietary intake assessment made by dietary questionnaires. We developed an a-posteriori dietary biomarkers score based on Mediterranean diet food groups and evaluated its association with mortality. METHODS 642 participants (56% female), aged ≥65 years, with complete data on dietary biomarkers were followed during 20 years in the InCHIANTI cohort study (Tuscany, Italy). The main outcomes were all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality. Dietary biomarkers were selected from literature and from correlation analyses with dietary intakes of Mediterranean diet food groups in the study. The baseline levels of the following dietary biomarkers were chosen: urinary total polyphenols and resveratrol metabolites, and plasma carotenoids, selenium, vitamin B12, linolenic, eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids, and the mono-unsaturated/saturated fatty acid ratio. Associations of the Mediterranean diet score using dietary biomarkers and a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) (as tertiles) with mortality were assessed through Cox regression. RESULTS During the 20-year follow-up [median (Q1-Q3), 14 (8-18) years], and 435 deaths occurred (139 from cardiovascular diseases and 89 from cancer-related causes). In the fully adjusted models, the dietary biomarker-Mediterranean diet score was inversely associated with all-cause (HRT3vs.T1 0.72; 95%CI 0.56-0.91) and cardiovascular (HRT3vs.T1 0.60; 95%CI 0.38-0.93), but not with cancer mortality. Associations between the FFQ-Mediterranean diet score and mortality were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS A greater adherence at baseline to a Mediterranean diet assessed by a dietary biomarker score was associated with a lower risk of mortality in older adults during a 20-year follow-up. The measurement of dietary biomarkers may contribute to guide individualized dietary counseling to older people. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT01331512.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Hidalgo-Liberona
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tomás Meroño
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raul Zamora-Ros
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. .,Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Montserrat Rabassa
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Richard Semba
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Toshiko Tanaka
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | | | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Clinical Research Branch, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Cristina Andres-Lacueva
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Antonio Cherubini
- Geriatria, Accettazione Geriatrica e Centro di Ricerca per l'invecchiamento, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
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Liu X, Song Z, Li Y, Yao Y, Fang M, Bai C, An P, Chen H, Chen Z, Tang B, Shen J, Gao X, Zhang M, Chen P, Zhang T, Jia H, Liu X, Hou Y, Yang H, Wang J, Wang F, Xu X, Min J, Nie C, Zeng Y. Integrated genetic analyses revealed novel human longevity loci and reduced risks of multiple diseases in a cohort study of 15,651 Chinese individuals. Aging Cell 2021; 20:e13323. [PMID: 33657282 PMCID: PMC7963337 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing interest in studying the genetic contributions to longevity, but limited relevant genes have been identified. In this study, we performed a genetic association study of longevity in a total of 15,651 Chinese individuals. Novel longevity loci, BMPER (rs17169634; p = 7.91 × 10-15 ) and TMEM43/XPC (rs1043943; p = 3.59 × 10-8 ), were identified in a case-control analysis of 11,045 individuals. BRAF (rs1267601; p = 8.33 × 10-15 ) and BMPER (rs17169634; p = 1.45 × 10-10 ) were significantly associated with life expectancy in 12,664 individuals who had survival status records. Additional sex-stratified analyses identified sex-specific longevity genes. Notably, sex-differential associations were identified in two linkage disequilibrium blocks in the TOMM40/APOE region, indicating potential differences during meiosis between males and females. Moreover, polygenic risk scores and Mendelian randomization analyses revealed that longevity was genetically causally correlated with reduced risks of multiple diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and arthritis. Finally, we incorporated genetic markers, disease status, and lifestyles to classify longevity or not-longevity groups and predict life span. Our predictive models showed good performance (AUC = 0.86 for longevity classification and explained 19.8% variance of life span) and presented a greater predictive efficiency in females than in males. Taken together, our findings not only shed light on the genetic contributions to longevity but also elucidate correlations between diseases and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Liu
- BGI‐Shenzhen Shenzhen China
- China National Genebank Shenzhen China
- BGI Education Center University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen China
| | - Zijun Song
- The First Affiliated Hospital Institute of Translational Medicine School of Medicine, Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Yan Li
- BGI‐Shenzhen Shenzhen China
- China National Genebank Shenzhen China
| | - Yao Yao
- Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development Medical School of Duke University Durham USA
- Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies National School of Development, Raissun Institute for Advanced Studies, Peking University Beijing China
| | - Mingyan Fang
- BGI‐Shenzhen Shenzhen China
- China National Genebank Shenzhen China
| | - Chen Bai
- Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies National School of Development, Raissun Institute for Advanced Studies, Peking University Beijing China
- School of Labor and Human Resources Renmin University Beijing China
| | - Peng An
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health China Agricultural University Beijing China
| | - Huashuai Chen
- Business School of Xiangtan University Xiangtan China
| | - Zhihua Chen
- BGI‐Shenzhen Shenzhen China
- China National Genebank Shenzhen China
| | - Biyao Tang
- The First Affiliated Hospital Institute of Translational Medicine School of Medicine, Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Juan Shen
- BGI Genomics BGI‐Shenzhen Shenzhen China
| | - Xiaotong Gao
- The First Affiliated Hospital Institute of Translational Medicine School of Medicine, Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | | | - Pengyu Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital Institute of Translational Medicine School of Medicine, Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Tao Zhang
- BGI‐Shenzhen Shenzhen China
- China National Genebank Shenzhen China
| | - Huijue Jia
- BGI‐Shenzhen Shenzhen China
- China National Genebank Shenzhen China
| | - Xiao Liu
- BGI‐Shenzhen Shenzhen China
- China National Genebank Shenzhen China
| | - Yong Hou
- BGI‐Shenzhen Shenzhen China
- China National Genebank Shenzhen China
| | - Huanming Yang
- BGI‐Shenzhen Shenzhen China
- China National Genebank Shenzhen China
| | - Jian Wang
- BGI‐Shenzhen Shenzhen China
- China National Genebank Shenzhen China
| | - Fudi Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital Institute of Translational Medicine School of Medicine, Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health China Agricultural University Beijing China
| | - Xun Xu
- BGI‐Shenzhen Shenzhen China
- China National Genebank Shenzhen China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Read and Write Shenzhen China
| | - Junxia Min
- The First Affiliated Hospital Institute of Translational Medicine School of Medicine, Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Chao Nie
- BGI‐Shenzhen Shenzhen China
- China National Genebank Shenzhen China
| | - Yi Zeng
- Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development Medical School of Duke University Durham USA
- Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies National School of Development, Raissun Institute for Advanced Studies, Peking University Beijing China
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Morris BJ, Willcox BJ, Donlon TA. Genetic and epigenetic regulation of human aging and longevity. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:1718-1744. [PMID: 31109447 PMCID: PMC7295568 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Here we summarize the latest data on genetic and epigenetic contributions to human aging and longevity. Whereas environmental and lifestyle factors are important at younger ages, the contribution of genetics appears more important in reaching extreme old age. Genome-wide studies have implicated ~57 gene loci in lifespan. Epigenomic changes during aging profoundly affect cellular function and stress resistance. Dysregulation of transcriptional and chromatin networks is likely a crucial component of aging. Large-scale bioinformatic analyses have revealed involvement of numerous interaction networks. As the young well-differentiated cell replicates into eventual senescence there is drift in the highly regulated chromatin marks towards an entropic middle-ground between repressed and active, such that genes that were previously inactive "leak". There is a breakdown in chromatin connectivity such that topologically associated domains and their insulators weaken, and well-defined blocks of constitutive heterochromatin give way to generalized, senescence-associated heterochromatin, foci. Together, these phenomena contribute to aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Morris
- Basic & Clinical Genomics Laboratory, School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia; Honolulu Heart Program (HHP)/Honolulu-Asia Aging Study (HAAS), Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, HI 96817, United States; Department of Geriatric Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Kuakini Medical Center Campus, Honolulu, HI 96813, United States.
| | - Bradley J Willcox
- Honolulu Heart Program (HHP)/Honolulu-Asia Aging Study (HAAS), Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, HI 96817, United States; Department of Geriatric Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Kuakini Medical Center Campus, Honolulu, HI 96813, United States.
| | - Timothy A Donlon
- Honolulu Heart Program (HHP)/Honolulu-Asia Aging Study (HAAS), Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, HI 96817, United States; Departments of Cell & Molecular Biology and Pathology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, United States.
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Hook M, Roy S, Williams EG, Bou Sleiman M, Mozhui K, Nelson JF, Lu L, Auwerx J, Williams RW. Genetic cartography of longevity in humans and mice: Current landscape and horizons. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:2718-2732. [PMID: 29410319 PMCID: PMC6066442 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a complex and highly variable process. Heritability of longevity among humans and other species is low, and this finding has given rise to the idea that it may be futile to search for DNA variants that modulate aging. We argue that the problem in mapping longevity genes is mainly one of low power and the genetic and environmental complexity of aging. In this review we highlight progress made in mapping genes and molecular networks associated with longevity, paying special attention to work in mice and humans. We summarize 40 years of linkage studies using murine cohorts and 15 years of studies in human populations that have exploited candidate gene and genome-wide association methods. A small but growing number of gene variants contribute to known longevity mechanisms, but a much larger set have unknown functions. We outline these and other challenges and suggest some possible solutions, including more intense collaboration between research communities that use model organisms and human cohorts. Once hundreds of gene variants have been linked to differences in longevity in mammals, it will become feasible to systematically explore gene-by-environmental interactions, dissect mechanisms with more assurance, and evaluate the roles of epistasis and epigenetics in aging. A deeper understanding of complex networks-genetic, cellular, physiological, and social-should position us well to improve healthspan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hook
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Suheeta Roy
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Evan G Williams
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich CH-8093, Switzerland
| | - Maroun Bou Sleiman
- Interfaculty Institute of Bioengineering, Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Khyobeni Mozhui
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - James F Nelson
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology and Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Lu Lu
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Interfaculty Institute of Bioengineering, Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Robert W Williams
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
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Eline Slagboom P, van den Berg N, Deelen J. Phenome and genome based studies into human ageing and longevity: An overview. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1864:2742-2751. [PMID: 28951210 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Human ageing is an extremely personal process leading across the life course of individuals to large population heterogeneity in the decline of functional capacity, health and lifespan. The extremes of this process are witnessed by the healthy vital 100-year-olds on one end and the 60-year-olds suffering from multiple morbid conditions on the other end of the spectrum. Molecular studies into the basis of this heterogeneity have focused on a range of endpoints and methodological approaches. The phenotype definitions most prominently investigated in these studies are either lifespan-related or biomarker based indices of the biological ageing rate of individuals and their tissues. Unlike for many complex, age-related diseases, consensus on the ultimate set of multi-biomarker ageing or lifespan-related phenotypes for genetic and genomic studies has not been reached yet. Comparable to animal models, hallmarks of age-related disease risk, healthy ageing and longevity include immune and metabolic pathways. Potentially novel genomic regions and pathways have been identified among many (epi)genomic studies into chronological age and studies into human lifespan regulation, with APOE and FOXO3A representing yet the most robust loci. Functional analysis of a handful of genes in cell-based and animal models is ongoing. The way forward in human ageing and longevity studies seems through improvements in the interpretation of the biology of the genome, in application of computational and systems biology, integration with animal models and by harmonization of repeated phenotypic and omics measures in longitudinal and intervention studies. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Model Systems of Aging - edited by "Houtkooper Riekelt".
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Affiliation(s)
- P Eline Slagboom
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333, ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Niels van den Berg
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333, ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Joris Deelen
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333, ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands; Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing; Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 9b, D-50931 Köln (Cologne), Germany.
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