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Shaaban CE, Lin HS, Terry M, Ren D, Lingler JH. COVID-19 pandemic's relationship with enrollment at US Alzheimer's Disease Research Centers. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:2408-2419. [PMID: 38298163 PMCID: PMC11032582 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We aimed to characterize the COVID-19 pandemic's relationship with enrollment in US Alzheimer's Disease Research Centers (ADRCs). METHODS Using data on 10,105 participants from 30 ADRCs, we conducted interrupted time series analyses to assess the relationship of the pandemic with enrollment and calculate projected dates of enrollment recovery. RESULTS Participants enrolled during the pandemic (vs pre-pandemic) were more likely to have dementia and be referred by health professionals. The pandemic was associated with a 77% drop in enrollment, with projected trend recovery in March 2024 and 100% recovery in September 2024. COVID was associated with a 91% drop in Black/African American participants, compared to 71% in White participants. Enrollment of both Hispanic and female participants was declining 1.4% and 0.3%/month pre-pandemic. DISCUSSION Funders and researchers should account for ongoing COVID-19 impact on ADRD research enrollment. Strategies to speed enrollment recovery are needed, especially for Black/African American and Hispanic groups. HIGHLIGHTS Tested COVID pandemic association with enrollment at Alzheimer's Disease Research Centers. During versus pre-pandemic enrollees differed on demographic and clinical variables. Interrupted time series analyses: immediate 77% drop in enrollment related to COVID. Recovery projections: trend recovery in March 2024, 100% recovery in September 2024. Enrollment of African American and Hispanic participants should be prioritized.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Elizabeth Shaaban
- Department of EpidemiologySchool of Public HealthUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Hsing‐Hua Sylvia Lin
- Department of EpidemiologySchool of Public HealthUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative MedicineUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Melita Terry
- Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of Neurology, School of MedicineUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Dianxu Ren
- Department of Health & Community Systems, School of NursingUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Jennifer H. Lingler
- Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of Health & Community Systems, School of NursingUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
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Byfield G, Starks TD, Luther R, Edwards CL, Lloyd SL, Caban-Holt A, Deon Adams L, Vance JM, Cuccaro M, Haines JL, Reitz C, Pericak-Vance MA, Byrd GS. Leveraging African American family connectors for Alzheimer's disease genomic studies. Alzheimers Dement 2023; 19:5437-5446. [PMID: 37212603 PMCID: PMC10663385 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The underrepresentation of African Americans (AAs) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) research may limit potential benefits from translational applications. This article describes an approach to recruit AA families into an AD genomic study and characteristics of seeds (family connectors) used to overcome recruitment barriers of AA families into AD research. METHODS A four-step outreach and snowball sampling approach relying on family connectors was used to recruit AA families. Descriptive statistics of a profile survey were gathered to understand the demographic and health characteristics of family connectors. RESULTS Twenty-five AA families (117 participants) were enrolled in the study via family connectors. Most family connectors self-identified as female (88%), were 60 years of age or older (76%), and attained post-secondary education (77%). DISCUSSION Community-engaged strategies were essential to recruit AA families. Relationships between study coordinators and family connectors build trust early in the research process among AA families. HIGHLIGHTS Community events were most effective for recruiting African American families. Family connectors were primarily female, in good health, and highly educated. Systematic efforts by researchers are necessary to "sell" a study to participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Byfield
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27514, USA
| | - Takiyah D. Starks
- Maya Angelou Center for Health Equity, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina, 27101, USA
| | | | - Christopher L. Edwards
- College of Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina, 27707, USA
| | - Shawnta L. Lloyd
- Maya Angelou Center for Health Equity, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina, 27101, USA
| | - Allison Caban-Holt
- Maya Angelou Center for Health Equity, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina, 27101, USA
| | - Larry Deon Adams
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, 33136, USA
| | - Jeffery M. Vance
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, 33136, USA
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Michael Cuccaro
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, 33136, USA
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
- Department of Psychology & Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, 33136, USA
| | - Jonathan L. Haines
- Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology and Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106, USA
| | - Christiane Reitz
- Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center and the Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, New York, 10032, USA
| | - Margaret A. Pericak-Vance
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, 33136, USA
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Goldie S. Byrd
- Maya Angelou Center for Health Equity, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina, 27101, USA
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Suntai Z, Beltran SJ. The Intersectional Impact of Race/Ethnicity and Sex on Access to Technology Among Older Adults. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2023; 63:1162-1171. [PMID: 36477498 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnac178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Research on technological access and usage has revealed a digital divide based on several sociodemographic factors, including race/ethnicity, sex, income, and education. While several studies have examined these factors separately, few studies have considered how multiple vulnerable identities may combine to influence access to technology. Using the theory of intersectionality, this study assesses the combined impact of race/ethnicity and sex on access to a working cellphone and a working laptop/computer among U.S. older adults. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Data were derived from the 2018 National Health and Aging Trends Study. Chi-square tests were used to test group differences, and four multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine the association between the intersection of race/ethnicity and sex, and access to a working cellphone and a working laptop/computer. RESULTS After accounting for other explanatory variables, White female participants, Black male participants, Black female participants, Hispanic male participants, and Hispanic female participants were all less likely to have a working cellphone or a working laptop/computer compared to White male participants. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS The results of this study point to a significant disparity in access to technology based on intersectional identities, with Black and Hispanic female participants having the least access to technology. Interventions aiming to improve access to technology should target these two groups, with a focus on reducing the cost of purchasing technological equipment and the provision of training programs that improve technological skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Suntai
- Diana R. Garland School of Social Work, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
| | - Susanny J Beltran
- School of Social Work, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
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Bonnechère B, Kossi O, Mapinduzi J, Panda J, Rintala A, Guidetti S, Spooren A, Feys P. Mobile health solutions: An opportunity for rehabilitation in low- and middle income countries? Front Public Health 2023; 10:1072322. [PMID: 36761328 PMCID: PMC9902940 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1072322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Mobile health (mHealth) development has advanced rapidly, indicating promise as an effective patient intervention. mHealth has many potential benefits that could help the treatment of patients, and the development of rehabilitation in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). mHealth is a low-cost option that does not need rapid access to healthcare clinics or employees. It increases the feasibility and rationality of clinical treatment expectations in comparison to the conventional clinical model of management by promoting patient adherence to the treatment plan. mHealth can also serve as a basis for formulating treatment plans and partially compensate for the shortcomings of the traditional model. In addition, mHealth can help achieve universal rehabilitation service coverage by overcoming geographical barriers, thereby increasing the number of ways patients can benefit from the rehabilitation service, and by providing rehabilitation to individuals in remote areas and communities with insufficient healthcare services. However, despite these positive potential aspects, there is currently only a very limited number of studies performed in LMICs using mHealth. In this study, we first reviewed the current evidence supporting the use of mHealth in rehabilitation to identify the countries where studies have been carried out. Then, we identify the current limitations of the implementation of such mHealth solutions and propose a 10-point action plan, focusing on the macro (e.g., policymakers), meso (e.g., technology and healthcare institutions), and micro (e.g., patients and relatives) levels to ease the use, validation, and implementation in LMICs and thus participate in the development and recognition of public health and rehabilitation in these countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Bonnechère
- REVAL Rehabilitation Research Center, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hasselt University (UHasselt), Hasselt, Belgium,Technology-Supported and Data-Driven Rehabilitation, Data Science Institute, UHasselt, Hasselt, Belgium,*Correspondence: Bruno Bonnechère ✉
| | - Oyene Kossi
- REVAL Rehabilitation Research Center, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hasselt University (UHasselt), Hasselt, Belgium,ENATSE, National School of Public Health and Epidemiology, University of Parakou, Parakou, Benin
| | - Jean Mapinduzi
- REVAL Rehabilitation Research Center, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hasselt University (UHasselt), Hasselt, Belgium,INSP, Institut National de la Santé Publique, Bujumbura, Burundi,CKAO-AMAHORO, Cabinet de Kinésithérapie et d'Appareillage Orthopédique, Bujumbura, Burundi
| | - Jules Panda
- University of Lubumbashi, Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of Congo,Institut de Recherche en Science de la Santé, Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Aki Rintala
- REVAL Rehabilitation Research Center, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hasselt University (UHasselt), Hasselt, Belgium,Faculty of Social Services and Health Care, LAB University of Applied Sciences, Lahti, Finland
| | - Susanne Guidetti
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division for Occupational Therapy, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,Women's Health and Allied Health Professionals Theme, Medical Unit Occupational Therapy and Physiotherapy, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Annemie Spooren
- REVAL Rehabilitation Research Center, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hasselt University (UHasselt), Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Peter Feys
- REVAL Rehabilitation Research Center, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hasselt University (UHasselt), Hasselt, Belgium
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Carder P, Croff R, Tuttle A, Towns J. Walking and Talking: Recommendations for Doing Mobile Interviews with Older Adults. JOURNAL OF AGING AND ENVIRONMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/26892618.2022.2030844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Carder
- Institute on Aging, Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA
- OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Raina Croff
- School of Medicine, OHSU-PSU, Portland, OR, USA
- Layton Aging and Alzheimer's Disease Center, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Aliza Tuttle
- Regional Research Institute for Human Services, Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Juell Towns
- Layton Aging and Alzheimer's Disease Center, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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Alzheimer disease in African American individuals: increased incidence or not enough data? Nat Rev Neurol 2021; 18:56-62. [PMID: 34873310 PMCID: PMC8647782 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-021-00589-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Research on racial differences in Alzheimer disease (AD) dementia has increased in recent years. Older African American individuals bear a disproportionate burden of AD and cognitive impairment compared with non-Latino white individuals. Tremendous progress has been made over the past two decades in our understanding of the neurobiological substrates of AD. However, owing to well-documented challenges of study participant recruitment and a persistent lack of biological data in the African American population, knowledge of the drivers of these racial disparities has lagged behind. Therapeutic targets and effective interventions for AD are increasingly sought, but without a better understanding of the disease in African American individuals, any identified treatments and/or cures will evade this rapidly growing at-risk population. In this Perspective, I introduce three key obstacles to progress in understanding racial differences in AD: uncertainty about diagnostic criteria, disparate cross-sectional and longitudinal findings; and a dearth of neuropathological data. I also highlight evidence-informed strategies to move the field forward. In this Perspective, Barnes introduces three key obstacles to progress in our understanding of racial differences in Alzheimer disease and highlights evidence-informed strategies that can move the field forward.
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Cao Y, Erdt M, Robert C, Naharudin NB, Lee SQ, Theng YL. Decision-Making Factors towards Adoption of Smart Home Sensors by Older Adults: An Intervention Study in Singapore (Preprint). JMIR Aging 2021; 5:e34239. [PMID: 35749213 PMCID: PMC9270706 DOI: 10.2196/34239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Cao
- Centre for Healthy and Sustainable Cities, Wee Kim Wee School of Communication and Information, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mojisola Erdt
- Institute for Infocomm Research, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Caroline Robert
- Centre for Healthy and Sustainable Cities, Wee Kim Wee School of Communication and Information, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nurhazimah Binte Naharudin
- Centre for Healthy and Sustainable Cities, Wee Kim Wee School of Communication and Information, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shan Qi Lee
- Centre for Healthy and Sustainable Cities, Wee Kim Wee School of Communication and Information, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yin-Leng Theng
- Centre for Healthy and Sustainable Cities, Wee Kim Wee School of Communication and Information, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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8
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Curran E, Chong TWH, Godbee K, Abraham C, Lautenschlager NT, Palmer VJ. General population perspectives of dementia risk reduction and the implications for intervention: A systematic review and thematic synthesis of qualitative evidence. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257540. [PMID: 34534250 PMCID: PMC8448319 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence for the potential prevention of dementia through lifestyle risk factor modification is growing and has prompted examination of implementation approaches. Understanding the general population's perspectives regarding dementia risk reduction is key to implementation. This may provide useful insights into more effective and efficient ways to help people change relevant beliefs, motivations and behaviour patterns. We conducted a systematic review and thematic synthesis of qualitative evidence to develop an integrated model of general population dementia risk reduction perspectives and the implications for intervention in research and implementation contexts. METHODS AND FINDINGS We searched electronic databases, supplemented by lateral search techniques, to identify studies published since 1995 reporting qualitative dementia risk reduction perspectives of the non-expert general population who do not have dementia. Thematic synthesis, incorporating an expert panel discussion, was used to identify overarching themes and develop an integrated model to guide intervention to support individuals to adopt and maintain dementia risk reduction behaviour patterns. Quality of included studies and confidence in review findings were systematically appraised. We included 50 papers, reflecting the views of more than 4,500 individuals. Main themes were: 1) The need for effective education about a complex topic to prevent confusion and facilitate understanding and empowerment; 2) Personally relevant short- and long-term benefits of dementia risk reduction behaviour patterns can generate value and facilitate action; 3) Individuals benefit from trusted, reliable and sensitive support to convert understanding to personal commitment to relevant behaviour change; 4) Choice, control and relevant self-regulatory supports help individuals take-action and direct their own progress; 5) Collaborative and empowering social opportunities can facilitate and propagate dementia risk reduction behaviour change; 6) Individual behaviour patterns occur in social contexts that influence beliefs through heuristic processes and need to be understood. Findings indicate that, for intervention: 1) education is key, but both content and delivery need to be tailored; 2) complementary interventions to support self-regulation mechanisms and social processes will increase education effectiveness; 3) co-design principles should guide intervention design and delivery processes; 4) all interventions need to be supported by context-specific data. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review and thematic synthesis provides a comprehensive, integrated model of the dementia risk reduction perspectives of the general population and intervention approaches to support behaviour change that can be applied in clinical trial and real-world implementation settings. Findings extend existing knowledge and may assist more effective intervention design and delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Curran
- Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- NorthWestern Mental Health, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- St Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne, Kew, Victoria, Australia
| | - Terence W. H. Chong
- Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- NorthWestern Mental Health, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- St Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne, Kew, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kali Godbee
- Department of General Practice, Melbourne Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Charles Abraham
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicola T. Lautenschlager
- Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- NorthWestern Mental Health, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Victoria J. Palmer
- Department of General Practice, Melbourne Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- The Centre for Digital Transformation of Health, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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9
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An Examination of History for Promoting Diversity in Neuroscience. CURRENT ANESTHESIOLOGY REPORTS 2021; 11:202-213. [PMID: 34393663 PMCID: PMC8349702 DOI: 10.1007/s40140-021-00464-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review A review of American history is presented to understand how public policy has contributed to a disproportionate burden of disease in members of underrepresented groups. A review of research conducted in the Stroke Belt provides an opportunity to examine more closely traditional and non-traditional risk factors in an effort to consider strategies for change. Recent Findings A diverse physician workforce has been offered as a way of improving care for our increasingly diverse populace. Given the expected increased prevalence of stroke in communities of color and the impact of stress from discrimination on health, proactive strategies to promote inclusion and equity to support diversity in perioperative neuroscience is warranted. Summary Public policy rooted in structural racism has left marginalized groups economically and educationally disadvantaged with less access to health care. Mistrust and fear from ongoing discrimination compels the neuroscience community to broaden their approach for developing a more reassuring and supportive educational environment for patients and trainees.
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Otake-Matsuura M, Tokunaga S, Watanabe K, Abe MS, Sekiguchi T, Sugimoto H, Kishimoto T, Kudo T. Cognitive Intervention Through Photo-Integrated Conversation Moderated by Robots (PICMOR) Program: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Front Robot AI 2021; 8:633076. [PMID: 33969003 PMCID: PMC8103544 DOI: 10.3389/frobt.2021.633076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Social interaction might prevent or delay dementia, but little is known about the specific effects of various social activity interventions on cognition. This study conducted a single-site randomized controlled trial (RCT) of Photo-Integrated Conversation Moderated by Robots (PICMOR), a group conversation intervention program for resilience against cognitive decline and dementia. In the RCT, PICMOR was compared to an unstructured group conversation condition. Sixty-five community-living older adults participated in this study. The intervention was provided once a week for 12 weeks. Primary outcome measures were the cognitive functions; process outcome measures included the linguistic characteristics of speech to estimate interaction quality. Baseline and post-intervention data were collected. PICMOR contains two key features: 1) photos taken by the participants are displayed and discussed sequentially; and 2) a robotic moderator manages turn-taking to make sure that participants are allocated the same amount of time. Among the primary outcome measures, one of the subcategories of cognitive functions, verbal fluency significantly improved in the intervention group. Among the process outcome measures, a part of the subcategories of linguistic characteristics of speech, the amount of speech and richness of words, proportion of providing topics, questions, and answers in total utterances were larger for the intervention group. This study demonstrated for the first time the positive effects of a robotic social activity intervention on cognitive function in healthy older adults via RCT. The group conversation generated by PICMOR may improve participants’ verbal fluency since participants have more opportunity to provide their own topics, asking and answering questions which results in exploring larger vocabularies. PICMOR is available and accessible to community-living older adults. Clinical Trial Registration:UMIN Clinical Trials Registry, identifier UMIN000036667.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seiki Tokunaga
- Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, RIKEN, Chuo-ku, Japan
| | - Kumi Watanabe
- Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, RIKEN, Chuo-ku, Japan
| | - Masato S Abe
- Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, RIKEN, Chuo-ku, Japan
| | | | - Hikaru Sugimoto
- Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, RIKEN, Chuo-ku, Japan
| | - Taishiro Kishimoto
- Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, RIKEN, Chuo-ku, Japan.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Kudo
- Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, RIKEN, Chuo-ku, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
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11
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Croff R, Hedmann M, Barnes LL. Whitest City in America: A Smaller Black Community's Experience of Gentrification, Displacement, and Aging in Place. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2021; 61:1254-1265. [PMID: 33772304 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnab041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The influx of people with higher socioeconomic status into large Black communities is well documented; less is known regarding smaller, aging Black communities. Older Black adults in Portland, Oregon, among America's fastest gentrifying cities with the smallest metropolitan Black population, discussed barriers to healthy aging. Perspectives centered on the experience of gentrification, displacement, and its impact on social microsystems, place security, and aging in place. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS One-time focus groups engaged 41 Black adults aged ≥45. A demographic survey included residence area/duration. Discussions were thematically coded. Ecological Systems Theory guided interpretation. RESULTS The majority of participants resided within gentrifying historically Black neighborhoods (89.2%), were aged ≥65 (54.6%), and lived in their neighborhood ≥21 years (24.3%). Emergent discussion themes were: Rise and fall of Black ownership; Displacement; Race-related stress; and Financial burden. Gentrification contributed to the dismantling of Black property ownership curated over generations, increased financial burden, and threatened place security. Physical displacement strained social networks, diminishing intergenerational neighborhood ties that supported aging in place. Cultural and physical displacement weakened sense of social cohesion and belonging, and induced race-related stressful interactions with new residents within original and relocation neighborhoods. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS Gentrification in the Pacific Northwest echoes national trends, uprooting critical close-proximity social networks and deteriorating motivation to engage in neighborhood-based social activity. Smaller, aging Black communities may be particularly vulnerable to these effects which critically impact aging in place. Data inform researchers and policymakers to better understand how gentrification affects smaller, aging Black communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raina Croff
- Layton Aging and Alzheimer's Disease Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Monique Hedmann
- Department of Family Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA
| | - Lisa L Barnes
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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12
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Denny A, Streitz M, Stock K, Balls-Berry JE, Barnes LL, Byrd GS, Croff R, Gao S, Glover CM, Hendrie HC, Hu WT, Manly JJ, Moulder KL, Stark S, Thomas SB, Whitmer R, Wong R, Morris JC, Lingler JH. Perspective on the "African American participation in Alzheimer disease research: Effective strategies" workshop, 2018. Alzheimers Dement 2020; 16:1734-1744. [PMID: 33034414 PMCID: PMC7887120 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The Washington University School of Medicine Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center's "African American Participation in Alzheimer Disease Research: Effective Strategies" Workshop convened to address a major limitation of the ongoing scientific progress regarding Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD): participants in most ADRD research programs overwhelmingly have been limited to non-Hispanic white persons, thus precluding knowledge as to how ADRD may be represented in non-white individuals. Factors that may contribute to successful recruitment and retention of African Americans into ADRD research were discussed and organized into actionable next steps as described within this report.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Denny
- Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Marissa Streitz
- Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Kristin Stock
- Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Joyce E Balls-Berry
- Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Lisa L Barnes
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Goldie S Byrd
- Maya Angelou Center for Health Equity, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Raina Croff
- Layton Aging & Alzheimer's Disease Center, Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Sujuan Gao
- Department of Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Crystal M Glover
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Hugh C Hendrie
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | | | - Jennifer J Manly
- Department of Neurology, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Krista L Moulder
- Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Susan Stark
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Stephen B Thomas
- Maryland Center for Health Equity, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Rachel Whitmer
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Roger Wong
- Public Health Sciences Brown School, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - John C Morris
- Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Harvey A & Dorismae Hacker Friedman Distinguished Professor of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jennifer H Lingler
- School of Nursing and Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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13
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Bonnechère B, Sahakian BJ. Can Mobile Technology Help Prevent the Burden of Dementia in Low- and Mid-Income Countries? Front Public Health 2020; 8:554938. [PMID: 33282809 PMCID: PMC7689265 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.554938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Bonnechère
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural, Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Public Health School, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Barbara J Sahakian
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural, Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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14
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Versey HS, Murad S, Willems P, Sanni M. Beyond Housing: Perceptions of Indirect Displacement, Displacement Risk, and Aging Precarity as Challenges to Aging in Place in Gentrifying Cities. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E4633. [PMID: 31766451 PMCID: PMC6927009 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16234633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Neighborhoods within age-friendly cities and communities are an important factor in shaping the everyday lives of older adults. Yet, less is known about how neighborhoods experiencing change influence the ability to age in place. One type of rapid neighborhood change occurring across major cities nationally and globally is gentrification, a process whereby the culture of an existing neighborhood changes through the influx of more affluent residents and businesses. Few studies have considered the impact of gentrification on older adults, who are among the most vulnerable to economic and social pressures that often accompany gentrification. The current study explores one consequence of gentrification, indirect displacement. While gentrification-induced displacement can refer to the physical (e.g., direct) displacement of residents moving out of a neighborhood due to rising housing costs, it also references the replacement of the unique character and social identity of a neighborhood (e.g., indirect displacement). We examine perceptions of the latter, characterized by perceived cultural shifts and housing concerns among adults aging in place in a gentrifying neighborhood in New York City. The implications of indirect displacement for displacement risk and aging precarity are discussed as potential threats to aging in place in age-friendly cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Shellae Versey
- Department of Psychology, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT 06459, USA; (P.W.); (M.S.)
| | - Serene Murad
- Physicians for Human Rights, New York, NY 10018, USA;
| | - Paul Willems
- Department of Psychology, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT 06459, USA; (P.W.); (M.S.)
| | - Mubarak Sanni
- Department of Psychology, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT 06459, USA; (P.W.); (M.S.)
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