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Smith IC, Chakraborty S, Bourque PR, Sampaio ML, Melkus G, Lochmüller H, Woulfe J, Parks RJ, Brais B, Warman-Chardon J. Emerging and established biomarkers of oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy. Neuromuscul Disord 2023; 33:824-834. [PMID: 37926637 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2023.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) is a rare, primarily autosomal dominant, late onset muscular dystrophy commonly presenting with ptosis, dysphagia, and subsequent weakness of proximal muscles. Although OPMD diagnosis can be confirmed with high confidence by genetic testing, the slow progression of OPMD poses a significant challenge to clinical monitoring and a barrier to assessing the efficacy of treatments during clinical trials. Accordingly, there is a pressing need for more sensitive measures of OPMD progression, particularly those which do not require a muscle biopsy. This review provides an overview of progress in OPMD biomarkers from clinical assessment, quantitative imaging, histological assessments, and genomics, as well as hypothesis-generating "omics" approaches. The ongoing search for biomarkers relevant to OPMD progression needs an integrative, longitudinal approach combining validated and experimental approaches which may include clinical, imaging, demographic, and biochemical assessment methods. A multi-omics approach to biochemical biomarker discovery could help provide context for differences found between individuals with varying levels of disease activity and provide insight into pathomechanisms and prognosis of OPMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian C Smith
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada
| | | | - Pierre R Bourque
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital/University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; Eric Poulin Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada
| | - Marcos L Sampaio
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; Eric Poulin Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada; Department of Medical Imaging, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario K1Y 4E9, Canada; Department of Radiology, Radiation Oncology and Medical Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Gerd Melkus
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; Eric Poulin Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada; Department of Medical Imaging, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario K1Y 4E9, Canada; Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Hanns Lochmüller
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital/University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; Eric Poulin Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada; Genetics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - John Woulfe
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada; Eric Poulin Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada
| | - Robin J Parks
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada; Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital/University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; Eric Poulin Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada
| | - Bernard Brais
- Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Jodi Warman-Chardon
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital/University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; Eric Poulin Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada; Genetics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada; Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada.
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2
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Sandonà M, Cavioli G, Renzini A, Cedola A, Gigli G, Coletti D, McKinsey TA, Moresi V, Saccone V. Histone Deacetylases: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications for Muscular Dystrophies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:4306. [PMID: 36901738 PMCID: PMC10002075 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are enzymes that regulate the deacetylation of numerous histone and non-histone proteins, thereby affecting a wide range of cellular processes. Deregulation of HDAC expression or activity is often associated with several pathologies, suggesting potential for targeting these enzymes for therapeutic purposes. For example, HDAC expression and activity are higher in dystrophic skeletal muscles. General pharmacological blockade of HDACs, by means of pan-HDAC inhibitors (HDACi), ameliorates both muscle histological abnormalities and function in preclinical studies. A phase II clinical trial of the pan-HDACi givinostat revealed partial histological improvement and functional recovery of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) muscles; results of an ongoing phase III clinical trial that is assessing the long-term safety and efficacy of givinostat in DMD patients are pending. Here we review the current knowledge about the HDAC functions in distinct cell types in skeletal muscle, identified by genetic and -omic approaches. We describe the signaling events that are affected by HDACs and contribute to muscular dystrophy pathogenesis by altering muscle regeneration and/or repair processes. Reviewing recent insights into HDAC cellular functions in dystrophic muscles provides new perspectives for the development of more effective therapeutic approaches based on drugs that target these critical enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giorgia Cavioli
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Human Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Renzini
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Human Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Cedola
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC), University of Rome “La Sapienza”, 00181 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gigli
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC), 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Dario Coletti
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Human Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, 00161 Rome, Italy
- CNRS UMR 8256, INSERM ERL U1164, Biological Adaptation and Aging B2A, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Timothy A. McKinsey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology and Consortium for Fibrosis Research & Translation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Viviana Moresi
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC), University of Rome “La Sapienza”, 00181 Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Saccone
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy
- Department of Life Science and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
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3
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Richard P, Stojkovic T, Metay C, Lacau St Guily J, Trollet C. Distrofia muscolare oculofaringea. Neurologia 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1634-7072(22)46725-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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RNA-Based Therapy Utilizing Oculopharyngeal Muscular Dystrophy Transcript Knockdown and Replacement. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2019; 15:12-25. [PMID: 30831428 PMCID: PMC6403420 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) is caused by a small expansion of a short polyalanine (polyAla) tract in the poly(A)-binding protein nuclear 1 protein (PABPN1). Despite the monogenic nature of OPMD, no treatment is currently available. Here we report an RNA replacement strategy that has therapeutic potential in cell and C. elegans OPMD models. We develop selective microRNAs (miRNAs) against PABPN1, and we report that miRNAs and our previously developed hammerhead ribozymes (hhRzs) are capable of reducing the expression of both the mRNA and protein levels of PABPN1 by as much as 90%. Since OPMD derives from a very small expansion of GCG within the polyAla tract, our hhRz and miRNA molecules cannot distinguish between the wild-type and mutant mRNAs of PABPN1. Therefore, we designed an optimized-codon wild-type PABPN1 (opt-PABPN1) that is resistant to cleavage by hhRzs and miRNAs. Co-expression of opt-PABPN1 with either our hhRzs or miRNAs restored the level of PABPN1, concomitantly with a reduction in expanded PABPN1-associated cell death in a stable C2C12 OPMD model. Interestingly, knockdown of the PABPN1 by selective hhRzs in the C. elegans OPMD model significantly improved the motility of the PABPN1-13Ala worms. Taken together, RNA replacement therapy represents an exciting approach for OPMD treatment.
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Deacetylation Inhibition Reverses PABPN1-Dependent Muscle Wasting. iScience 2019; 12:318-332. [PMID: 30739015 PMCID: PMC6370712 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Reduced poly(A)-binding protein nuclear 1 (PABPN1) levels cause aging-associated muscle wasting. PABPN1 is a multifunctional regulator of mRNA processing. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms causing PABPN1-mediated muscle wasting, we compared the transcriptome with the proteome in mouse muscles expressing short hairpin RNA to PABPN1 (shPab). We found greater variations in the proteome than in mRNA expression profiles. Protein accumulation in the shPab proteome was concomitant with reduced proteasomal activity. Notably, protein acetylation appeared to be decreased in shPab versus control proteomes (63%). Acetylome profiling in shPab muscles revealed prominent peptide deacetylation associated with elevated sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) deacetylase. We show that SIRT1 mRNA levels are controlled by PABPN1 via alternative polyadenylation site utilization. Most importantly, SIRT1 deacetylase inhibition by sirtinol increased PABPN1 levels and reversed muscle wasting. We suggest that perturbation of a multifactorial regulatory loop involving PABPN1 and SIRT1 plays an imperative role in aging-associated muscle wasting. Video Abstract
The PABPN1 transcriptome has smaller changes than its corresponding proteome The PABPN1 proteome is marked by protein deacetylation and elevated SIRT1 deacetylase SIRT1 levels are controlled by PABPN1 via alternative polyadenylation utilization Deacetylation inhibition reversed hallmark of muscle wasting in shPab muscles
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Osuna-Luque J, Rodríguez-Ramos Á, Gámez-Del-Estal MDM, Ruiz-Rubio M. Behavioral Mechanisms That Depend on Dopamine and Serotonin in Caenorhabditis elegans Interact With the Antipsychotics Risperidone and Aripiprazole. J Exp Neurosci 2018; 12:1179069518798628. [PMID: 30245571 PMCID: PMC6144587 DOI: 10.1177/1179069518798628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The neurotransmitters dopamine and serotonin participate in specific behavioral neuromuscular mechanisms in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Dopamine is involved in the gentle touch response and serotonin in the pharyngeal pumping rate. In its genome, the worm presents genes encoding dopamine and serotonin receptors orthologous to those of human genes. Risperidone and aripiprazole are a class of drugs known as atypical antipsychotics commonly used to treat schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and irritability associated with autism. Risperidone is an antagonist of the dopamine D2 and serotonin 5-HT2A receptors. Aripiprazole functions as a partial agonist of the dopamine D2 receptor and as a partial agonist and antagonist of 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A serotonin receptors, respectively. Our results show that risperidone and aripiprazole alter the touch response and pharyngeal pumping in wild-type worm animals. Furthermore, in the presence of the drugs, both behaviors change to varying degrees in dopamine (dop-1, dop-2, and dop-3), serotonin (ser-1), and tyramine (ser-2) receptor-deficient mutants. This variation in response reveals specific targets for these antipsychotics in the nematode. Interestingly, their effect on behavior persisted to some extent in successive generations, indicating that they might induce epigenetic changes throughout development. Sodium butyrate, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, eliminated the consecutive generation effect of both drugs. In addition, these transgenerational effects were also abolished after the dauer stage. These observations suggest that risperidone and aripiprazole, in addition to interacting with specific receptors impairing the function of the nervous system of the nematode, may lead to the deposition of long-lasting epigenetic marks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Osuna-Luque
- Department of Genetics, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.,Maimónides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain.,University Hospital Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Ángel Rodríguez-Ramos
- Department of Genetics, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.,Maimónides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain.,University Hospital Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
| | - María Del Mar Gámez-Del-Estal
- Department of Genetics, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.,Maimónides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain.,University Hospital Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Manuel Ruiz-Rubio
- Department of Genetics, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.,Maimónides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain.,University Hospital Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
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7
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Abu-Baker A, Parker A, Ramalingam S, Laganiere J, Brais B, Neri C, Dion P, Rouleau G. Valproic acid is protective in cellular and worm models of oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy. Neurology 2018; 91:e551-e561. [PMID: 30006409 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000005942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore valproic acid (VPA) as a potentially beneficial drug in cellular and worm models of oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD). METHODS Using a combination of live cell imaging and biochemical measures, we evaluated the potential protective effect of VPA in a stable C2C12 muscle cell model of OPMD, in lymphoblastoid cell lines derived from patients with OPMD and in a transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans OPMD model expressing human mutant PABPN1. RESULTS We demonstrated that VPA protects against the toxicity of mutant PABPN1. Of note, we found that VPA confers its long-term protective effects on C2C12 cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation by increasing the acetylated level of histones. Furthermore, VPA enhances the level of histone acetylation in lymphoblastoid cell lines derived from patients with OPMD. Moreover, treatment of nematodes with moderate concentrations of VPA significantly improved the motility of the PABPN-13 Alanines worms. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that VPA helps to counteract OPMD-related phenotypes in the cellular and C elegans disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Abu-Baker
- From the Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital (A.A.-B., P.D., G.R.), Ingram School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine (S.R.), and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (G.R.), McGill University, Montreal; CHUM Research Center (A.P.), Montreal; Department of Neuroscience (A.P.), and Ophthalmology Research Hôpital Maisonneuve Rosemont, Laboratoire de Isabelle Brunette (J.L.), University of Montreal; Neuromuscular Group (B.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; and Brain C-lab (C.N.), Institute of Biology Paris-Seine, CNRS UMR 8256 Biology of Adaptation & Aging, University Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Alex Parker
- From the Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital (A.A.-B., P.D., G.R.), Ingram School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine (S.R.), and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (G.R.), McGill University, Montreal; CHUM Research Center (A.P.), Montreal; Department of Neuroscience (A.P.), and Ophthalmology Research Hôpital Maisonneuve Rosemont, Laboratoire de Isabelle Brunette (J.L.), University of Montreal; Neuromuscular Group (B.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; and Brain C-lab (C.N.), Institute of Biology Paris-Seine, CNRS UMR 8256 Biology of Adaptation & Aging, University Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Siriram Ramalingam
- From the Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital (A.A.-B., P.D., G.R.), Ingram School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine (S.R.), and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (G.R.), McGill University, Montreal; CHUM Research Center (A.P.), Montreal; Department of Neuroscience (A.P.), and Ophthalmology Research Hôpital Maisonneuve Rosemont, Laboratoire de Isabelle Brunette (J.L.), University of Montreal; Neuromuscular Group (B.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; and Brain C-lab (C.N.), Institute of Biology Paris-Seine, CNRS UMR 8256 Biology of Adaptation & Aging, University Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Janet Laganiere
- From the Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital (A.A.-B., P.D., G.R.), Ingram School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine (S.R.), and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (G.R.), McGill University, Montreal; CHUM Research Center (A.P.), Montreal; Department of Neuroscience (A.P.), and Ophthalmology Research Hôpital Maisonneuve Rosemont, Laboratoire de Isabelle Brunette (J.L.), University of Montreal; Neuromuscular Group (B.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; and Brain C-lab (C.N.), Institute of Biology Paris-Seine, CNRS UMR 8256 Biology of Adaptation & Aging, University Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Bernard Brais
- From the Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital (A.A.-B., P.D., G.R.), Ingram School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine (S.R.), and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (G.R.), McGill University, Montreal; CHUM Research Center (A.P.), Montreal; Department of Neuroscience (A.P.), and Ophthalmology Research Hôpital Maisonneuve Rosemont, Laboratoire de Isabelle Brunette (J.L.), University of Montreal; Neuromuscular Group (B.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; and Brain C-lab (C.N.), Institute of Biology Paris-Seine, CNRS UMR 8256 Biology of Adaptation & Aging, University Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Christian Neri
- From the Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital (A.A.-B., P.D., G.R.), Ingram School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine (S.R.), and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (G.R.), McGill University, Montreal; CHUM Research Center (A.P.), Montreal; Department of Neuroscience (A.P.), and Ophthalmology Research Hôpital Maisonneuve Rosemont, Laboratoire de Isabelle Brunette (J.L.), University of Montreal; Neuromuscular Group (B.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; and Brain C-lab (C.N.), Institute of Biology Paris-Seine, CNRS UMR 8256 Biology of Adaptation & Aging, University Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Dion
- From the Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital (A.A.-B., P.D., G.R.), Ingram School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine (S.R.), and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (G.R.), McGill University, Montreal; CHUM Research Center (A.P.), Montreal; Department of Neuroscience (A.P.), and Ophthalmology Research Hôpital Maisonneuve Rosemont, Laboratoire de Isabelle Brunette (J.L.), University of Montreal; Neuromuscular Group (B.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; and Brain C-lab (C.N.), Institute of Biology Paris-Seine, CNRS UMR 8256 Biology of Adaptation & Aging, University Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Guy Rouleau
- From the Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital (A.A.-B., P.D., G.R.), Ingram School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine (S.R.), and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (G.R.), McGill University, Montreal; CHUM Research Center (A.P.), Montreal; Department of Neuroscience (A.P.), and Ophthalmology Research Hôpital Maisonneuve Rosemont, Laboratoire de Isabelle Brunette (J.L.), University of Montreal; Neuromuscular Group (B.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; and Brain C-lab (C.N.), Institute of Biology Paris-Seine, CNRS UMR 8256 Biology of Adaptation & Aging, University Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France.
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Yoon S, Beermann ML, Yu B, Shao D, Bachschmid M, Miller JB. Aberrant Caspase Activation in Laminin-α2-Deficient Human Myogenic Cells is Mediated by p53 and Sirtuin Activity. J Neuromuscul Dis 2018; 5:59-73. [PMID: 29278895 PMCID: PMC5836413 DOI: 10.3233/jnd-170262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background: Mutations in the LAMA2 gene encoding laminin-α2 cause congenital muscular dystrophy Type 1A (MDC1A), a severe recessive disease with no effective treatment. Previous studies have shown that aberrant activation of caspases and cell death through a pathway regulated by BAX and KU70 is a significant contributor to pathogenesis in laminin-α2-deficiency. Objectives: To identify mechanisms of pathogenesis in MDC1A. Methods: We used immunocytochemical and molecular studies of human myogenic cells and mouse muscles—comparing laminin-α2-deficient vs. healthy controls—to identify mechanisms that regulate pathological activation of caspase in laminin-α2-deficiency. Results: In cultures of myogenic cells from MDC1A donors, p53 accumulated in a subset of nuclei and aberrant caspase activation was inhibited by the p53 inhibitor pifithrin-alpha. Also, the p53 target BBC3 (PUMA) was upregulated in both MDC1A myogenic cells and Lama2–/– mouse muscles. In addition, studies with sirtuin inhibitors and SIRT1 overexpression showed that caspase activation in MDC1A myotubes was inversely related to sirtuin deacetylase activity. Caspase activation in laminin-α2-deficiency was, however, not associated with increased phosphorylation of p38 MAPK. Conclusions: Aberrant caspase activation in MDC1A cells was mediated both by sirtuin deacetylase activity and by p53. Interventions that inhibit aberrant caspase activation by targeting sirtuin or p53 function could potentially be useful in ameliorating MDC1A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soonsang Yoon
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mary Lou Beermann
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bryant Yu
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Di Shao
- Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Markus Bachschmid
- Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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Fardghassemi Y, Tauffenberger A, Gosselin S, Parker JA. Rescue of ATXN3 neuronal toxicity in Caenorhabditiselegans by chemical modification of endoplasmic reticulum stress. Dis Model Mech 2017; 10:1465-1480. [PMID: 29061563 PMCID: PMC5769603 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.029736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyglutamine expansion diseases are a group of hereditary neurodegenerative disorders that develop when a CAG repeat in the causative genes is unstably expanded above a certain threshold. The expansion of trinucleotide CAG repeats causes hereditary adult-onset neurodegenerative disorders, such as Huntington's disease, dentatorubral–pallidoluysian atrophy, spinobulbar muscular atrophy and multiple forms of spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA). The most common dominantly inherited SCA is the type 3 (SCA3), also known as Machado–Joseph disease (MJD), which is an autosomal dominant, progressive neurological disorder. The gene causatively associated with MJD is ATXN3. Recent studies have shown that this gene modulates endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. We generated transgenic Caenorhabditiselegans strains expressing human ATXN3 genes in motoneurons, and animals expressing mutant ATXN3-CAG89 alleles showed decreased lifespan, impaired movement, and rates of neurodegeneration greater than wild-type ATXN3-CAG10 controls. We tested three neuroprotective compounds (Methylene Blue, guanabenz and salubrinal) believed to modulate ER stress and observed that these molecules rescued ATXN3-CAG89 phenotypes. Furthermore, these compounds required specific branches of the ER unfolded protein response (UPRER), reduced global ER and oxidative stress, and polyglutamine aggregation. We introduce new C. elegans models for MJD based on the expression of full-length ATXN3 in a limited number of neurons. Using these models, we discovered that chemical modulation of the UPRER reduced neurodegeneration and warrants investigation in mammalian models of MJD. Summary: We introduce a novel C. elegans model for Machado–Joseph disease for use in preclinical drug discovery and identified guanabenz as a potent neuroprotective molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Fardghassemi
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM) Montréal, Québec H2X 0A9, Canada.,Département de biochimie et médecine moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Arnaud Tauffenberger
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM) Montréal, Québec H2X 0A9, Canada.,Département de pathologie et biologie cellulaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Sarah Gosselin
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM) Montréal, Québec H2X 0A9, Canada.,Département de neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - J Alex Parker
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM) Montréal, Québec H2X 0A9, Canada .,Département de biochimie et médecine moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada.,Département de pathologie et biologie cellulaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada.,Département de neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada
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10
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Vest KE, Phillips BL, Banerjee A, Apponi LH, Dammer EB, Xu W, Zheng D, Yu J, Tian B, Pavlath GK, Corbett AH. Novel mouse models of oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) reveal early onset mitochondrial defects and suggest loss of PABPN1 may contribute to pathology. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 26:3235-3252. [PMID: 28575395 PMCID: PMC5886286 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) is a late onset disease caused by polyalanine expansion in the poly(A) binding protein nuclear 1 (PABPN1). Several mouse models have been generated to study OPMD; however, most of these models have employed transgenic overexpression of alanine-expanded PABPN1. These models do not recapitulate the OPMD patient genotype and PABPN1 overexpression could confound molecular phenotypes. We have developed a knock-in mouse model of OPMD (Pabpn1+/A17) that contains one alanine-expanded Pabpn1 allele under the control of the native promoter and one wild-type Pabpn1 allele. This mouse is the closest available genocopy of OPMD patients. We show that Pabpn1+/A17 mice have a mild myopathic phenotype in adult and aged animals. We examined early molecular and biochemical phenotypes associated with expressing native levels of A17-PABPN1 and detected shorter poly(A) tails, modest changes in poly(A) signal (PAS) usage, and evidence of mitochondrial damage in these mice. Recent studies have suggested that a loss of PABPN1 function could contribute to muscle pathology in OPMD. To investigate a loss of function model of pathology, we generated a heterozygous Pabpn1 knock-out mouse model (Pabpn1+/Δ). Like the Pabpn1+/A17 mice, Pabpn1+/Δ mice have mild histologic defects, shorter poly(A) tails, and evidence of mitochondrial damage. However, the phenotypes detected in Pabpn1+/Δ mice only partially overlap with those detected in Pabpn1+/A17 mice. These results suggest that loss of PABPN1 function could contribute to but may not completely explain the pathology detected in Pabpn1+/A17 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E. Vest
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Brittany L. Phillips
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ayan Banerjee
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Luciano H. Apponi
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Eric B. Dammer
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Weiting Xu
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Dinghai Zheng
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Julia Yu
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Bin Tian
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Grace K. Pavlath
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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11
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Farina F, Lambert E, Commeau L, Lejeune FX, Roudier N, Fonte C, Parker JA, Boddaert J, Verny M, Baulieu EE, Neri C. The stress response factor daf-16/FOXO is required for multiple compound families to prolong the function of neurons with Huntington's disease. Sci Rep 2017. [PMID: 28638078 PMCID: PMC5479833 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04256-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Helping neurons to compensate for proteotoxic stress and maintain function over time (neuronal compensation) has therapeutic potential in aging and neurodegenerative disease. The stress response factor FOXO3 is neuroprotective in models of Huntington’s disease (HD), Parkinson’s disease and motor-neuron diseases. Neuroprotective compounds acting in a FOXO-dependent manner could thus constitute bona fide drugs for promoting neuronal compensation. However, whether FOXO-dependent neuroprotection is a common feature of several compound families remains unknown. Using drug screening in C. elegans nematodes with neuronal expression of human exon-1 huntingtin (128Q), we found that 3ß-Methoxy-Pregnenolone (MAP4343), 17ß-oestradiol (17ßE2) and 12 flavonoids including isoquercitrin promote neuronal function in 128Q nematodes. MAP4343, 17ßE2 and isoquercitrin also promote stress resistance in mutant Htt striatal cells derived from knock-in HD mice. Interestingly, daf-16/FOXO is required for MAP4343, 17ßE2 and isoquercitrin to sustain neuronal function in 128Q nematodes. This similarly applies to the GSK3 inhibitor lithium chloride (LiCl) and, as previously described, to resveratrol and the AMPK activator metformin. Daf-16/FOXO and the targets engaged by these compounds define a sub-network enriched for stress-response and neuronally-active pathways. Collectively, these data highlights the dependence on a daf-16/FOXO-interaction network as a common feature of several compound families for prolonging neuronal function in HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Farina
- CNRS, Laboratory of Neuronal Cell Biology & Pathology and University Hospital Department Fight Aging and Stress (DHU FAST), UMR 8256, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, University Pierre and Marie Curie (UPMC) Univ Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Lambert
- CNRS, Laboratory of Neuronal Cell Biology & Pathology and University Hospital Department Fight Aging and Stress (DHU FAST), UMR 8256, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, University Pierre and Marie Curie (UPMC) Univ Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - Lucie Commeau
- CNRS, Laboratory of Neuronal Cell Biology & Pathology and University Hospital Department Fight Aging and Stress (DHU FAST), UMR 8256, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, University Pierre and Marie Curie (UPMC) Univ Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - François-Xavier Lejeune
- CNRS, Laboratory of Neuronal Cell Biology & Pathology and University Hospital Department Fight Aging and Stress (DHU FAST), UMR 8256, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, University Pierre and Marie Curie (UPMC) Univ Paris 06, Paris, France
| | | | - Cosima Fonte
- Inserm, UMR 1195, 94276, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Cedex, France
| | - J Alex Parker
- CNRS, Laboratory of Neuronal Cell Biology & Pathology and University Hospital Department Fight Aging and Stress (DHU FAST), UMR 8256, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, University Pierre and Marie Curie (UPMC) Univ Paris 06, Paris, France.,CRCHUM, Montréal, Canada and Department de Neurosciences, Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Jacques Boddaert
- CNRS, Laboratory of Neuronal Cell Biology & Pathology and University Hospital Department Fight Aging and Stress (DHU FAST), UMR 8256, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, University Pierre and Marie Curie (UPMC) Univ Paris 06, Paris, France.,Department of Geriatrics, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), 75013, Paris, France
| | - Marc Verny
- CNRS, Laboratory of Neuronal Cell Biology & Pathology and University Hospital Department Fight Aging and Stress (DHU FAST), UMR 8256, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, University Pierre and Marie Curie (UPMC) Univ Paris 06, Paris, France.,Department of Geriatrics, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), 75013, Paris, France
| | - Etienne-Emile Baulieu
- Inserm, UMR 1195, 94276, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Cedex, France. .,MAPREG, 94276, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Cedex, France.
| | - Christian Neri
- CNRS, Laboratory of Neuronal Cell Biology & Pathology and University Hospital Department Fight Aging and Stress (DHU FAST), UMR 8256, Paris, France. .,Sorbonne Universités, University Pierre and Marie Curie (UPMC) Univ Paris 06, Paris, France.
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12
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Richard P, Roth F, Stojkovic T, Trollet C. Distrofia muscolare oculofaringea. Neurologia 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s1634-7072(16)81777-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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13
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Riaz M, Raz Y, van der Slujis B, Dickson G, van Engelen B, Vissing J, Raz V. Cytokine genes as potential biomarkers for muscle weakness in OPMD. Hum Mol Genet 2016; 25:4282-4287. [PMID: 27506982 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular biomarkers emerge as an accurate diagnostic tool, but are scarce for myopathies. Lack of outcome measures sensitive to disease onset and symptom severity hamper evaluation of therapeutic developments. Cytokines are circulating immunogenic molecules, and their potential as biomarkers has been exploited in the last decade. Cytokines are released from many tissues, including skeletal muscles, but their application to monitor muscle pathology is sparse. We report that the cytokine functional group is altered in the transcriptome of oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD). OPMD is a dominant, late-onset myopathy, caused by an alanine-expansion mutation in the gene encoding for poly(A) binding protein nuclear 1 (expPABPN1). Here, we investigated the hypothesis that cytokines could mark OPMD disease state. We determined cytokines levels the vastus lateralis muscle from genetically confirmed expPABPN1 carriers at a symptomatic or a presymptomatic stage. We identified cytokine-related genes candidates from a transcriptome study in a mouse overexpressing exp PABPN1 Six cytokines were found to be consistently down-regulated in OPMD vastus lateralis muscles. Expression levels of these cytokines were highly correlated in controls, but this correlation pattern was disrupted in OPMD. The levels of these 6 cytokines were not altered in expPABPN1 carriers at a pre-symptomatic stage, suggesting that this group of cytokines is a potential biomarker for muscle weakness in OPMD. Correlation pattern of expression levels could be a novel measurer for disease state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Riaz
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Yotam Raz
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - George Dickson
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway - University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Baziel van Engelen
- Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - John Vissing
- Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vered Raz
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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14
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Klein P, Oloko M, Roth F, Montel V, Malerba A, Jarmin S, Gidaro T, Popplewell L, Perie S, Lacau St Guily J, de la Grange P, Antoniou MN, Dickson G, Butler-Browne G, Bastide B, Mouly V, Trollet C. Nuclear poly(A)-binding protein aggregates misplace a pre-mRNA outside of SC35 speckle causing its abnormal splicing. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 44:10929-10945. [PMID: 27507886 PMCID: PMC5159528 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A short abnormal polyalanine expansion in the polyadenylate-binding protein nuclear-1 (PABPN1) protein causes oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD). Mutated PABPN1 proteins accumulate as insoluble intranuclear aggregates in muscles of OPMD patients. While the roles of PABPN1 in nuclear polyadenylation and regulation of alternative poly(A) site choice have been established, the molecular mechanisms which trigger pathological defects in OPMD and the role of aggregates remain to be determined. Using exon array, for the first time we have identified several splicing defects in OPMD. In particular, we have demonstrated a defect in the splicing regulation of the muscle-specific Troponin T3 (TNNT3) mutually exclusive exons 16 and 17 in OPMD samples compared to controls. This splicing defect is directly linked to the SC35 (SRSF2) splicing factor and to the presence of nuclear aggregates. As reported here, PABPN1 aggregates are able to trap TNNT3 pre-mRNA, driving it outside nuclear speckles, leading to an altered SC35-mediated splicing. This results in a decreased calcium sensitivity of muscle fibers, which could in turn plays a role in muscle pathology. We thus report a novel mechanism of alternative splicing deregulation that may play a role in various other diseases with nuclear inclusions or foci containing an RNA binding protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Klein
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, INSERM UMRS974, CNRS FRE3617, Institut de Myologie, 47 bd de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Martine Oloko
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, INSERM UMRS974, CNRS FRE3617, Institut de Myologie, 47 bd de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Fanny Roth
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, INSERM UMRS974, CNRS FRE3617, Institut de Myologie, 47 bd de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Valérie Montel
- Univ. Lille - URePSSS - Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport Santé Société, équipe APMS, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Alberto Malerba
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway - University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Susan Jarmin
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway - University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Teresa Gidaro
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, INSERM UMRS974, CNRS FRE3617, Institut de Myologie, 47 bd de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Linda Popplewell
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway - University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Sophie Perie
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, INSERM UMRS974, CNRS FRE3617, Institut de Myologie, 47 bd de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, Paris VI, Tenon Hospital, Assistance Publique des Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Jean Lacau St Guily
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, INSERM UMRS974, CNRS FRE3617, Institut de Myologie, 47 bd de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, Paris VI, Tenon Hospital, Assistance Publique des Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | | | - Michael N Antoniou
- King's College London School of Medicine, Gene Expression and Therapy Group, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - George Dickson
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway - University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Gillian Butler-Browne
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, INSERM UMRS974, CNRS FRE3617, Institut de Myologie, 47 bd de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Bruno Bastide
- Univ. Lille - URePSSS - Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport Santé Société, équipe APMS, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Vincent Mouly
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, INSERM UMRS974, CNRS FRE3617, Institut de Myologie, 47 bd de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Capucine Trollet
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, INSERM UMRS974, CNRS FRE3617, Institut de Myologie, 47 bd de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
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15
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Harish P, Malerba A, Dickson G, Bachtarzi H. Progress on gene therapy, cell therapy, and pharmacological strategies toward the treatment of oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy. Hum Gene Ther 2015; 26:286-92. [PMID: 25860803 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2015.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) is a muscle-specific, late-onset degenerative disorder whereby muscles of the eyes (causing ptosis), throat (leading to dysphagia), and limbs (causing proximal limb weakness) are mostly affected. The disease is characterized by a mutation in the poly(A)-binding protein nuclear-1 (PABPN1) gene, resulting in a short GCG expansion in the polyalanine tract of PABPN1 protein. Accumulation of filamentous intranuclear inclusions in affected skeletal muscle cells constitutes the pathological hallmark of OPMD. This review highlights the current translational research advances in the treatment of OPMD. In vitro and in vivo disease models are described. Conventional and experimental therapeutic approaches are discussed with emphasis on novel molecular therapies including the use of intrabodies, gene therapy, and myoblast transfer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Harish
- 1School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway-University of London, Surrey, TW20 0EX, United Kingdom
| | - Alberto Malerba
- 1School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway-University of London, Surrey, TW20 0EX, United Kingdom
| | - George Dickson
- 1School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway-University of London, Surrey, TW20 0EX, United Kingdom
| | - Houria Bachtarzi
- 2Brighton Centre for Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, United Kingdom
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16
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Raz Y, Raz V. Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy as a paradigm for muscle aging. Front Aging Neurosci 2014; 6:317. [PMID: 25426070 PMCID: PMC4226162 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2014.00317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Symptoms in late-onset neuromuscular disorders initiate only from midlife onward and progress with age. These disorders are primarily determined by identified hereditable mutations, but their late-onset symptom manifestation is not fully understood. Here, we review recent research developments on the late-onset autosomal dominant oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD). OPMD is caused by an expansion mutation in the gene encoding for poly-adenylate RNA binding protein1 (PABPN1). The molecular pathogenesis for the disease is still poorly understood. Despite a ubiquitous expression of PABPN1, symptoms in OPMD are limited to skeletal muscles. We discuss recent studies showing that PABPN1 levels in skeletal muscles are lower compared with other tissues, and specifically in skeletal muscles, PABPN1 expression declines from midlife onward. In OPMD, aggregation of expanded PABPN1 causes an additional decline in the level of the functional protein, which is associated with severe muscle weakness in OPMD. Reduced PABNPN1 expression in muscle cell culture causes myogenic defects, suggesting that PABPN1 loss-of-function causes muscle weakness in OPMD and in the elderly. Molecular signatures of OPMD muscles are similar to those of normal muscle aging, although expression trends progress faster in OPMD. We discuss a working hypothesis that aging-associated factors trigger late-onset symptoms in OPMD, and contribute to accelerated muscle weakness in OPMD. We focus on the pharyngeal and eyelid muscles, which are often affected in OPMD patients. We suggest that muscle weakness in OPMD is a paradigm for muscle aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yotam Raz
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden , Netherlands
| | - Vered Raz
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden , Netherlands
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17
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Ostrovidov S, Hosseini V, Ahadian S, Fujie T, Parthiban SP, Ramalingam M, Bae H, Kaji H, Khademhosseini A. Skeletal muscle tissue engineering: methods to form skeletal myotubes and their applications. TISSUE ENGINEERING. PART B, REVIEWS 2014; 20:403-36. [PMID: 24320971 PMCID: PMC4193686 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2013.0534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle tissue engineering (SMTE) aims to repair or regenerate defective skeletal muscle tissue lost by traumatic injury, tumor ablation, or muscular disease. However, two decades after the introduction of SMTE, the engineering of functional skeletal muscle in the laboratory still remains a great challenge, and numerous techniques for growing functional muscle tissues are constantly being developed. This article reviews the recent findings regarding the methodology and various technical aspects of SMTE, including cell alignment and differentiation. We describe the structure and organization of muscle and discuss the methods for myoblast alignment cultured in vitro. To better understand muscle formation and to enhance the engineering of skeletal muscle, we also address the molecular basics of myogenesis and discuss different methods to induce myoblast differentiation into myotubes. We then provide an overview of different coculture systems involving skeletal muscle cells, and highlight major applications of engineered skeletal muscle tissues. Finally, potential challenges and future research directions for SMTE are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge Ostrovidov
- WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Vahid Hosseini
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Samad Ahadian
- WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Toshinori Fujie
- WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Murugan Ramalingam
- WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg Cedex, France
- Centre for Stem Cell Research, Christian Medical College Campus, Vellore, India
| | - Hojae Bae
- College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Department of Bioindustrial Technologies, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Kwangjin-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hirokazu Kaji
- Department of Bioengineering and Robotics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Maxillofacial Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Department of Physics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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18
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Fausther M, Lavoie EG, Goree JR, Baldini G, Dranoff JA. NT5E mutations that cause human disease are associated with intracellular mistrafficking of NT5E protein. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98568. [PMID: 24887587 PMCID: PMC4041762 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ecto-5′-nucleotidase/CD73/NT5E, the product of the NT5E gene, is the dominant enzyme in the generation of adenosine from degradation of AMP in the extracellular environment. Nonsense (c.662C→A, p.S221X designated F1, c.1609dupA, p.V537fsX7 designated F3) and missense (c.1073G→A, p.C358Y designated F2) NT5E gene mutations in three distinct families have been shown recently to cause premature arterial calcification disease in human patients. However, the underlying mechanisms by which loss-of-function NT5E mutations cause human disease are unknown. We hypothesized that human NT5E gene mutations cause mistrafficking of the defective proteins within cells, ultimately blocking NT5E catalytic function. To test this hypothesis, plasmids encoding cDNAs of wild type and mutant human NT5E tagged with the fluorescent probe DsRed were generated and used for transfection and heterologous expression in immortalized monkey COS-7 kidney cells that lack native NT5E protein. Enzyme histochemistry and Malachite green assays were performed to assess the biochemical activities of wild type and mutant fusion NT5E proteins. Subcellular trafficking of fusion NT5E proteins was monitored by confocal microscopy and western blot analysis of fractionated cell constituents. All 3 F1, F2, and F3 mutations result in a protein with significantly reduced trafficking to the plasma membrane and reduced ER retention as compared to wild type protein. Confocal immunofluorescence demonstrates vesicles containing DsRed-tagged NT5E proteins (F1, F2 and F3) in the cell synthetic apparatus. All 3 mutations resulted in absent NT5E enzymatic activity at the cell surface. In conclusion, three familial NT5E mutations (F1, F2, F3) result in novel trafficking defects associated with human disease. These novel genetic causes of human disease suggest that the syndrome of premature arterial calcification due to NT5E mutations may also involve a novel “trafficking-opathy”.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Fausther
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
- Research Service, Central Arkansas VA Healthcare System, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Elise G. Lavoie
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
- Research Service, Central Arkansas VA Healthcare System, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Jessica R. Goree
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
- Research Service, Central Arkansas VA Healthcare System, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Giulia Baldini
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Jonathan A. Dranoff
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
- Research Service, Central Arkansas VA Healthcare System, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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19
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Animal models in therapeutic drug discovery for oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy. DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY. TECHNOLOGIES 2014; 10:e103-8. [PMID: 24050237 DOI: 10.1016/j.ddtec.2012.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) is a late onset disease which affects specific muscles. No pharmacological treatments are currently available for OPMD. In recent years, genetically tractable models of OPMD – Drosophila and Caenorhabditis elegans – have been generated. Although these models have not yet been used for large-scale primary drug screening, they have been very useful in candidate approaches for the identification of potential therapeutic compounds for OPMD. In this brief review, we summarize the data that validated active molecules for OPMD in animal models including Drosophila, C. elegans and mouse.
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20
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Gámez-Del-Estal MM, Contreras I, Prieto-Pérez R, Ruiz-Rubio M. Epigenetic effect of testosterone in the behavior of C. elegans. A clue to explain androgen-dependent autistic traits? Front Cell Neurosci 2014; 8:69. [PMID: 24624060 PMCID: PMC3940884 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Current research indicates that the causes of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are multifactorial and include both genetic and environmental factors. To date, several works have associated ASDs with mutations in genes that encode proteins involved in neuronal synapses; however other factors and the way they can interact with the development of the nervous system remain largely unknown. Some studies have established a direct relationship between risk for ASDs and the exposure of the fetus to high testosterone levels during the prenatal stage. In this work, in order to explain possible mechanisms by which this androgenic hormone may interact with the nervous system, C. elegans was used as an experimental model. We observed that testosterone was able to alter the behavioral pattern of the worm, including the gentle touch response and the pharyngeal pumping rate. This impairment of the behavior was abolished using specific RNAi against genes orthologous to the human androgen receptor gene. The effect of testosterone was eliminated in the nhr-69 (ok1926) deficient mutant, a putative ortholog of human AR gene, suggesting that this gene encodes a receptor able to interact with the hormone. On the other hand the testosterone effect remained in the gentle touch response during four generations in the absence of the hormone, indicating that some epigenetic mechanisms could be involved. Sodium butyrate, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, was able to abolish the effect of testosterone. In addition, the lasting effect of testosterone was eliminated after the dauer stage. These results suggest that testosterone may impair the nervous system function generating transgenerational epigenetic marks in the genome. This work may provide new paradigms for understanding biological mechanisms involved in ASDs traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mar Gámez-Del-Estal
- Departamento de Genética, Universidad de Córdoba, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba Córdoba, Spain
| | - Israel Contreras
- Departamento de Genética, Universidad de Córdoba, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba Córdoba, Spain
| | - Rocío Prieto-Pérez
- Departamento de Genética, Universidad de Córdoba, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba Córdoba, Spain
| | - Manuel Ruiz-Rubio
- Departamento de Genética, Universidad de Córdoba, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba Córdoba, Spain
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Winter R, Liebold J, Schwarz E. The unresolved puzzle why alanine extensions cause disease. Biol Chem 2014; 394:951-63. [PMID: 23612654 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2013-0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The prospective increase in life expectancy will be accompanied by a rise in the number of elderly people who suffer from ill health caused by old age. Many diseases caused by aging are protein misfolding diseases. The molecular mechanisms underlying these disorders receive constant scientific interest. In addition to old age, mutations also cause congenital protein misfolding disorders. Chorea Huntington, one of the most well-known examples, is caused by triplet extensions that can lead to more than 100 glutamines in the N-terminal region of huntingtin, accompanied by huntingtin aggregation. So far, nine disease-associated triplet extensions have also been described for alanine codons. The extensions lead primarily to skeletal malformations. Eight of these proteins represent transcription factors, while the nuclear poly-adenylate binding protein 1, PABPN1, is an RNA binding protein. Additional alanines in PABPN1 lead to the disease oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD). The alanine extension affects the N-terminal domain of the protein, which has been shown to lack tertiary contacts. Biochemical analyses of the N-terminal domain revealed an alanine-dependent fibril formation. However, fibril formation of full-length protein did not recapitulate the findings of the N-terminal domain. Fibril formation of intact PABPN1 was independent of the alanine segment, and the fibrils displayed biochemical properties that were completely different from those of the N-terminal domain. Although intranuclear inclusions have been shown to represent the histochemical hallmark of OPMD, their role in pathogenesis is currently unclear. Several cell culture and animal models have been generated to study the molecular processes involved in OPMD. These studies revealed a number of promising future therapeutic strategies that could one day improve the quality of life for the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reno Winter
- Department for Technical Biochemistry , Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3, D-06120 Halle, Germany
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Sandri M, Robbins J. Proteotoxicity: an underappreciated pathology in cardiac disease. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2013; 71:3-10. [PMID: 24380730 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2013.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In general, in most organ systems, intracellular protein homeostasis is the sum of many factors, including chromosomal state, protein synthesis, post-translational processing and transport, folding, assembly and disassembly into macromolecular complexes, protein stability and clearance. In the heart, there has been a focus on the gene programs that are activated during pathogenic processes, but the removal of damaged proteins and organelles has been underappreciated as playing an important role in the pathogenesis of heart disease. Proteotoxicity refers to the adverse effects of damaged or misfolded proteins and even organelles on the cell. At the cellular level, the ultimate outcome of uncontrolled or severe proteotoxicity is cell death; hence, the pathogenic impact of proteotoxicity is maximally manifested in organs with no or very poor regenerative capability such as the brain and the heart. Evidence for increased cardiac proteotoxicity is rapidly mounting for a large subset of congenital and acquired human heart disease. Studies carried out in animal models and in cell culture have begun to establish both sufficiency and, in some cases, the necessity of proteotoxicity as a major pathogenic factor in the heart. This dictates rigorous testing for the efficacy of proteotoxic attenuation as a new strategy to treat heart disease. This review article highlights some recent advances in our understanding of how misfolded proteins can injure and are handled in the cell, examining the emerging evidence for targeting proteotoxicity as a new therapeutic strategy for heart disease. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Protein Quality Control, the Ubiquitin Proteasome System, and Autophagy."
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Sandri
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) Institute of Neuroscience, Padova, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Jeffrey Robbins
- The Heart Institute, Department of Pediatrics, The Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
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Anvar SY, Raz Y, Verway N, van der Sluijs B, Venema A, Goeman JJ, Vissing J, van der Maarel SM, 't Hoen PAC, van Engelen BGM, Raz V. A decline in PABPN1 induces progressive muscle weakness in oculopharyngeal muscle dystrophy and in muscle aging. Aging (Albany NY) 2013; 5:412-26. [PMID: 23793615 PMCID: PMC3824410 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) is caused by trinucleotide repeat expansion mutations in Poly(A) binding protein 1 (PABPN1). PABPN1 is a regulator of mRNA stability and is ubiquitously expressed. Here we investigated how symptoms in OPMD initiate only at midlife and why a subset of skeletal muscles is predominantly affected. Genome-wide RNA expression profiles from Vastus lateralis muscles human carriers of expanded-PABPN1 at pre-symptomatic and symptomatic stages were compared with healthy controls. Major expression changes were found to be associated with age rather than with expression of expanded-PABPN1, instead transcriptomes of OPMD and elderly muscles were significantly similar (P<0.05). Using k-means clustering we identified age-dependent trends in both OPMD and controls, but trends were often accelerated in OPMD. We report an age-regulated decline in PABPN1 levels in Vastus lateralis muscles from the fifth decade. In concurrence with severe muscle degeneration in OPMD, the decline in PABPN1 accelerated in OPMD and was specific to skeletal muscles. Reduced PABPN1 levels (30% to 60%) in muscle cells induced myogenic defects and morphological signatures of cellular aging in proportion to PABPN1 expression levels. We suggest that PABPN1 levels regulate muscle cell aging and OPMD represents an accelerated muscle aging disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Yahya Anvar
- Center for Human and Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands
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Lithium chloride attenuates cell death in oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy by perturbing Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e821. [PMID: 24091664 PMCID: PMC3824652 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Expansion of polyalanine tracts causes at least nine inherited human diseases. Among these, a polyalanine tract expansion in the poly (A)-binding protein nuclear 1 (expPABPN1) causes oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD). So far, there is no treatment for OPMD patients. Developing drugs that efficiently sustain muscle protection by activating key cell survival mechanisms is a major challenge in OPMD research. Proteins that belong to the Wnt family are known for their role in both human development and adult tissue homeostasis. A hallmark of the Wnt signaling pathway is the increased expression of its central effector, beta-catenin (β-catenin) by inhibiting one of its upstream effector, glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)3β. Here, we explored a pharmacological manipulation of a Wnt signaling pathway using lithium chloride (LiCl), a GSK-3β inhibitor, and observed the enhanced expression of β-catenin protein as well as the decreased cell death normally observed in an OPMD cell model of murine myoblast (C2C12) expressing the expanded and pathogenic form of the expPABPN1. Furthermore, this effect was also observed in primary cultures of mouse myoblasts expressing expPABPN1. A similar effect on β-catenin was also observed when lymphoblastoid cells lines (LCLs) derived from OPMD patients were treated with LiCl. We believe manipulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway may represent an effective route for the development of future therapy for patients with OPMD.
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Parmentier F, Lejeune FX, Neri C. Pathways to decoding the clinical potential of stress response FOXO-interaction networks for Huntington's disease: of gene prioritization and context dependence. Front Aging Neurosci 2013; 5:22. [PMID: 23781200 PMCID: PMC3680703 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2013.00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The FOXO family of transcription factors is central to the regulation of organismal longevity and cellular survival. Several studies have indicated that FOXO factors lie at the center of a complex network of upstream pathways, cofactors and downstream targets (FOXO-interaction networks), which may have developmental and post-developmental roles in the regulation of chronic-stress response in normal and diseased cells. Noticeably, FOXO factors are important for the regulation of proteotoxicity and neuron survival in several models of neurodegenerative disease, suggesting that FOXO-interaction networks may have therapeutic potential. However, the status of FOXO-interaction networks in neurodegenerative disease remains largely unknown. Systems modeling is anticipated to provide a comprehensive assessment of this question. In particular, interrogating the context-dependent variability of FOXO-interaction networks could predict the clinical potential of cellular-stress response genes and aging regulators for tackling brain and peripheral pathology in neurodegenerative disease. Using published transcriptomic data obtained from murine models of Huntington's disease (HD) and post-mortem brains, blood samples and induced-pluripotent-stem cells from HD carriers as a case example, this review briefly highlights how the biological status and clinical potential of FOXO-interaction networks for HD may be decoded by developing network and entropy based feature selection across heterogeneous datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Parmentier
- Laboratory of Neuronal Cell biology and Pathology, INSERM Unit 894, CNRS UMR 7102, University Pierre and Marie Curie Paris, France
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Raz V, Butler-Browne G, van Engelen B, Brais B. 191st ENMC International Workshop: Recent advances in oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy research: From bench to bedside 8-10 June 2012, Naarden, The Netherlands. Neuromuscul Disord 2013; 23:516-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2013.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Banerjee A, Apponi LH, Pavlath GK, Corbett AH. PABPN1: molecular function and muscle disease. FEBS J 2013; 280:4230-50. [PMID: 23601051 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Revised: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The polyadenosine RNA binding protein polyadenylate-binding nuclear protein 1 (PABPN1) plays key roles in post-transcriptional processing of RNA. Although PABPN1 is ubiquitously expressed and presumably contributes to control of gene expression in all tissues, mutation of the PABPN1 gene causes the disease oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD), in which a limited set of skeletal muscles are affected. A major goal in the field of OPMD research is to understand why mutation of a ubiquitously expressed gene leads to a muscle-specific disease. PABPN1 plays a well-documented role in controlling the poly(A) tail length of RNA transcripts but new functions are emerging through studies that exploit a variety of unbiased screens as well as model organisms. This review addresses (a) the molecular function of PABPN1 incorporating recent findings that reveal novel cellular functions for PABPN1 and (b) the approaches that are being used to understand the molecular defects that stem from expression of mutant PABPN1. The long-term goal in this field of research is to understand the key molecular functions of PABPN1 in muscle as well as the mechanisms that underlie the pathological consequences of mutant PABPN1. Armed with this information, researchers can seek to develop therapeutic approaches to enhance the quality of life for patients afflicted with OPMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayan Banerjee
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Evaluation of longevity enhancing compounds against transactive response DNA-binding protein-43 neuronal toxicity. Neurobiol Aging 2013; 34:2175-82. [PMID: 23591130 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2013.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Revised: 03/02/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In simple systems, lifespan can be extended by various methods including dietary restriction, mutations in the insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IGF) pathway or mitochondria among other processes. It is widely held that the mechanisms that extend lifespan may be adapted for diminishing age-associated pathologies. We tested whether a number of compounds reported to extend lifespan in C. elegans could reduce age-dependent toxicity caused by mutant TAR DNA-binding protein-43 in C. elegans motor neurons. Only half of the compounds tested show protective properties against neurodegeneration, suggesting that extended lifespan is not a strong predictor for neuroprotective properties. We report here that resveratrol, rolipram, reserpine, trolox, propyl gallate, and ethosuximide protect against mutant TAR DNA-binding protein-43 neuronal toxicity. Finally, of all the compounds tested, only resveratrol required daf-16 and sir-2.1 for protection, and ethosuximide showed dependence on daf-16 for its activity.
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Atrophy, Fibrosis, and Increased PAX7-Positive Cells in Pharyngeal Muscles of Oculopharyngeal Muscular Dystrophy Patients. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2013; 72:234-43. [DOI: 10.1097/nen.0b013e3182854c07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Chiang WC, Tishkoff DX, Yang B, Wilson-Grady J, Yu X, Mazer T, Eckersdorff M, Gygi SP, Lombard DB, Hsu AL. C. elegans SIRT6/7 homolog SIR-2.4 promotes DAF-16 relocalization and function during stress. PLoS Genet 2012; 8:e1002948. [PMID: 23028355 PMCID: PMC3441721 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2011] [Accepted: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
FoxO transcription factors and sirtuin family deacetylases regulate diverse biological processes, including stress responses and longevity. Here we show that the Caenorhabditis elegans sirtuin SIR-2.4—homolog of mammalian SIRT6 and SIRT7 proteins—promotes DAF-16–dependent transcription and stress-induced DAF-16 nuclear localization. SIR-2.4 is required for resistance to multiple stressors: heat shock, oxidative insult, and proteotoxicity. By contrast, SIR-2.4 is largely dispensable for DAF-16 nuclear localization and function in response to reduced insulin/IGF-1-like signaling. Although acetylation is known to regulate localization and activity of mammalian FoxO proteins, this modification has not been previously described on DAF-16. We find that DAF-16 is hyperacetylated in sir-2.4 mutants. Conversely, DAF-16 is acetylated by the acetyltransferase CBP-1, and DAF-16 is hypoacetylated and constitutively nuclear in response to cbp-1 inhibition. Surprisingly, a SIR-2.4 catalytic mutant efficiently rescues the DAF-16 localization defect in sir-2.4 null animals. Acetylation of DAF-16 by CBP-1 in vitro is inhibited by either wild-type or mutant SIR-2.4, suggesting that SIR-2.4 regulates DAF-16 acetylation indirectly, by preventing CBP-1-mediated acetylation under stress conditions. Taken together, our results identify SIR-2.4 as a critical regulator of DAF-16 specifically in the context of stress responses. Furthermore, they reveal a novel role for acetylation, modulated by the antagonistic activities of CBP-1 and SIR-2.4, in modulating DAF-16 localization and function. Sensing and responding appropriately to environmental insults is a challenge facing all organisms. In the roundworm C. elegans, the FoxO protein DAF-16 moves to the nucleus in response to stress, where it regulates gene expression and plays a key role in ensuring organismal survival. In this manuscript, we characterize SIR-2.4 as a novel factor that promotes DAF-16 function during stress. SIR-2.4 is a member of a family of proteins called sirtuins, some of which promote increased lifespan in model organisms. Worms lacking SIR-2.4 show impaired DAF-16 nuclear recruitment, DAF-16–dependent gene expression, and survival in response to a variety of stressors. SIR-2.4 regulates DAF-16 by indirectly affecting levels of a modification called acetylation on DAF-16. Overall, our work has revealed SIR-2.4 to be a key new factor in stress resistance and DAF-16 regulation in C. elegans. Future studies will address whether mammalian SIR-2.4 homologs SIRT6 and SIRT7 act similarly towards mammalian FoxO proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chung Chiang
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Daniel X. Tishkoff
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Joshua Wilson-Grady
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Xiaokun Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Travis Mazer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Mark Eckersdorff
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Steven P. Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - David B. Lombard
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Institute of Gerontology and the Geriatrics Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DBL); (A-LH)
| | - Ao-Lin Hsu
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Institute of Gerontology and the Geriatrics Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DBL); (A-LH)
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Abstract
Sirtuins 1-7 (SIRT1-7) belong to the third class of deacetylase enzymes, which are dependent on NAD(+) for activity. Sirtuins activity is linked to gene repression, metabolic control, apoptosis and cell survival, DNA repair, development, inflammation, neuroprotection, and healthy aging. Because sirtuins modulation could have beneficial effects on human diseases there is a growing interest in the discovery of small molecules modifying their activities. We review here those compounds known to activate or inhibit sirtuins, discussing the data that support the use of sirtuin-based therapies. Almost all sirtuin activators have been described only for SIRT1. Resveratrol is a natural compound which activates SIRT1, and may help in the treatment or prevention of obesity, and in preventing tumorigenesis and the aging-related decline in heart function and neuronal loss. Due to its poor bioavailability, reformulated versions of resveratrol with improved bioavailability have been developed (resVida, Longevinex(®) , SRT501). Molecules that are structurally unrelated to resveratrol (SRT1720, SRT2104, SRT2379, among others) have been also developed to stimulate sirtuin activities more potently than resveratrol. Sirtuin inhibitors with a wide range of core structures have been identified for SIRT1, SIRT2, SIRT3 and SIRT5 (splitomicin, sirtinol, AGK2, cambinol, suramin, tenovin, salermide, among others). SIRT1 inhibition has been proposed in the treatment of cancer, immunodeficiency virus infections, Fragile X mental retardation syndrome and for preventing or treating parasitic diseases, whereas SIRT2 inhibitors might be useful for the treatment of cancer and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M. Villalba
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, Edificio Severo Ochoa, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, ceiA3, 14014-Córdoba, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Alcaín
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Campus de Ciudad Real, Universidad de Castilla la Mancha, 13071-Ciudad Real, Spain
- Correspondence and reprints: Francisco J. Alcaín, Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Campus de Ciudad Real, Universidad de Castilla la Mancha, 13071-Ciudad Real, Spain, Phone: + 34 926 295300 ext 6638,
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Körner S, Böselt S, Thau N, Rath KJ, Dengler R, Petri S. Differential sirtuin expression patterns in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) postmortem tissue: neuroprotective or neurotoxic properties of sirtuins in ALS? NEURODEGENER DIS 2012; 11:141-52. [PMID: 22796962 DOI: 10.1159/000338048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2011] [Accepted: 02/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Sirtuins (SIRT1-7; class III histone deactylases) modulate fundamental mechanisms in age-related neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We assessed the expression levels of sirtuins in human postmortem ALS and control brain and spinal cord. METHODS AND RESULTS By quantitative real-time PCR, a significant reduction of SIRT1 and SIRT2 was detected in homogenates of the primary motor cortex (white and gray matter), while there were no differences in spinal cord homogenates. When specifically analyzing mRNA and protein expression in the gray matter (cortical layers I-VI of the precentral gyrus, ventral/dorsal horn of the spinal cord) by in situ hybridization histochemistry and immunohistochemistry, we found increased levels of SIRT1, SIRT2 and SIRT5 in ALS which were significant for SIRT1 and SIRT5 mRNA in the spinal cord. CONCLUSION Our results indicate a general reduction of SIRT1 and SIRT2 in ALS primary motor cortex, while in situ hybridization histochemistry and immunohistochemistry showed neuron-specific upregulation of SIRT1, SIRT2 and SIRT5, particularly in the spinal cord. Opposed effects have been described for SIRT1 and SIRT2: while SIRT1 activation is mainly associated with neuroprotection, SIRT2 upregulation is toxic to neuronal cells. Novel therapeutic approaches in ALS could therefore target SIRT1 activation or SIRT2 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Körner
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Vaccaro A, Tauffenberger A, Aggad D, Rouleau G, Drapeau P, Parker JA. Mutant TDP-43 and FUS cause age-dependent paralysis and neurodegeneration in C. elegans. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31321. [PMID: 22363618 PMCID: PMC3283630 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2011] [Accepted: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the DNA/RNA binding proteins TDP-43 and FUS are associated with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration. Intracellular accumulations of wild type TDP-43 and FUS are observed in a growing number of late-onset diseases suggesting that TDP-43 and FUS proteinopathies may contribute to multiple neurodegenerative diseases. To better understand the mechanisms of TDP-43 and FUS toxicity we have created transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans strains that express full-length, untagged human TDP-43 and FUS in the worm's GABAergic motor neurons. Transgenic worms expressing mutant TDP-43 and FUS display adult-onset, age-dependent loss of motility, progressive paralysis and neuronal degeneration that is distinct from wild type alleles. Additionally, mutant TDP-43 and FUS proteins are highly insoluble while wild type proteins remain soluble suggesting that protein misfolding may contribute to toxicity. Populations of mutant TDP-43 and FUS transgenics grown on solid media become paralyzed over 7 to 12 days. We have developed a liquid culture assay where the paralysis phenotype evolves over several hours. We introduce C. elegans transgenics for mutant TDP-43 and FUS motor neuron toxicity that may be used for rapid genetic and pharmacological suppressor screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Vaccaro
- The Research Centre of the University of Montreal Hospital Centre, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Centre of Excellence in Neuromics, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département de Pathologie et Biologie Cellulaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Arnaud Tauffenberger
- The Research Centre of the University of Montreal Hospital Centre, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Centre of Excellence in Neuromics, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département de Pathologie et Biologie Cellulaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Dina Aggad
- The Research Centre of the University of Montreal Hospital Centre, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Centre of Excellence in Neuromics, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département de Pathologie et Biologie Cellulaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Guy Rouleau
- The Research Centre of the University of Montreal Hospital Centre, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Centre of Excellence in Neuromics, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Pierre Drapeau
- Centre of Excellence in Neuromics, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département de Pathologie et Biologie Cellulaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - J. Alex Parker
- The Research Centre of the University of Montreal Hospital Centre, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Centre of Excellence in Neuromics, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département de Pathologie et Biologie Cellulaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Neri C. Role and Therapeutic Potential of the Pro-Longevity Factor FOXO and Its Regulators in Neurodegenerative Disease. Front Pharmacol 2012; 3:15. [PMID: 22363285 PMCID: PMC3281233 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2012.00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2011] [Accepted: 01/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies in simple model organisms have yielded crucial insights into the genetic and molecular aspects of longevity. FOXO, which is most notable for its association with longevity, and its upstream regulators such as sirtuins have received particular attention in translational research because these genes modulate cell survival in several models of neurodegenerative diseases. There is a large amount of knowledge on the pathways that regulate FOXO activity and genes that may be regulated by FOXO. However, for the same reason that the FOXO network is a complex stress response system, its therapeutic potential to develop disease-modifying strategies requires further examination. Although the FOXO network contains druggable genes such as sirtuins and AMPK, whether they should be activated or inhibited and whether protection against the early or late phases of neuronal cell decline might require opposite therapeutic strategies remains unclear. Additionally, the mode of action of small compound molecules believed to act on FOXO network targets was questioned. This review recapitulates essential facts and questions about the promises of FOXO and its interactors in neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Neri
- Laboratory of Neuronal Cell Biology and Pathology, Unit 894, INSERM Paris, France
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35
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Sadagurski M, Cheng Z, Rozzo A, Palazzolo I, Kelley GR, Dong X, Krainc D, White MF. IRS2 increases mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in a mouse model of Huntington disease. J Clin Invest 2011; 121:4070-81. [PMID: 21926467 DOI: 10.1172/jci46305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2011] [Accepted: 07/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a major risk factor for the progression of neurodegenerative diseases, including Huntington disease (HD). Reduced neuronal IGF1 or Irs2 signaling have been shown to extend life span in mice. To determine whether Irs2 signaling modulates neurodegeneration in HD, we genetically modulated Irs2 concentrations in the R6/2 mouse model of HD. Increasing Irs2 levels in the brains of R6/2 mice significantly reduced life span and increased neuronal oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. In contrast, reducing Irs2 levels throughout the body (except in β cells, where Irs2 expression is needed to prevent diabetes onset; R6/2•Irs2+/-•Irs2βtg mice) improved motor performance and extended life span. The slower progression of HD-like symptoms was associated with increased nuclear localization of the transcription factor FoxO1 and increased expression of FoxO1-dependent genes that promote autophagy, mitochondrial function, and resistance to oxidative stress. Mitochondrial function improved and the number of autophagosomes increased in R6/2•Irs2+/-•Irs2βtg mice, whereas aggregate formation and oxidative stress decreased. Thus, our study suggests that Irs2 signaling can modulate HD progression. Since we found the expression of Irs2 to be normal in grade II HD patients, our results suggest that decreasing IRS2 signaling could be part of a therapeutic approach to slow the progression of HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Sadagurski
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Division of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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36
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Di Zanni E, Ceccherini I, Bachetti T. Toward a therapeutic strategy for polyalanine expansions disorders: in vivo and in vitro models for drugs analysis. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2011; 15:449-52. [PMID: 21388845 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2011.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2011] [Accepted: 02/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Molecular pathogenesis of congenital disorders associated with polyalanine expansions has been investigated for several years. Despite different pathological hallmarks characterize each polyalanine disease, they share common features, mainly represented by aggregates containing the mutant proteins, usually mislocated inside the cellular compartments, along with ubiquitin and proteasome components. Recently, particular interest has been raised by investigations on molecules able to restore both correct localization and function of the expanded proteins. Here we report a list of drugs whose effects have been assayed both in in vitro and in vivo models of polyalanine disorders, such as the oculopharyingeal muscular dystrophy, congenital central hypoventilation syndrome, synpolydactyly and in cell and animal models carrying specific artificial mutations. In particular, we have reviewed, for each polyalanine mutant protein, the molecules tested, cellular models under investigation, drugs effects on aggregation and underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Di Zanni
- Laboratorio di Genetica Molecolare, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
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37
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Modeling oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy in myotube cultures reveals reduced accumulation of soluble mutant PABPN1 protein. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2011; 179:1988-2000. [PMID: 21854744 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2011] [Revised: 06/07/2011] [Accepted: 06/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) is an autosomal dominant disease caused by an alanine tract expansion mutation in poly(A) binding protein nuclear 1 (expPABPN1). To model OPMD in a myogenic and physiological context, we generated mouse myoblast cell clones stably expressing either human wild type (WT) or expPABPN1 at low levels. Transgene expression is induced on myotube differentiation and results in formation of insoluble nuclear PABPN1 aggregates that are similar to those observed in patients with OPMD. Quantitative analysis of PABPN1 in myotube cultures revealed that expPABPN1 accumulation and aggregation is greater than that of the WT protein. We found that aggregation of expPABPN1 is more affected than WT PABPN1 by inhibition of proteasome activity. Consistent with this, in myotube cultures expressing expPABPN1, deregulation of the proteasome was identified as the most significantly perturbed pathway. Differences in the accumulation of soluble WT and expPABPN1 were consistent with differences in ubiquitination and rate of protein turnover. This study demonstrates, for the first time to our knowledge, that, in myotubes, the ratio of soluble/insoluble expPABPN1 is significantly lower compared with that of the WT protein. We suggest that this difference can contribute to muscle weakness in OPMD.
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Anvar SY, 't Hoen PA, Venema A, van der Sluijs B, van Engelen B, Snoeck M, Vissing J, Trollet C, Dickson G, Chartier A, Simonelig M, van Ommen GJB, van der Maarel SM, Raz V. Deregulation of the ubiquitin-proteasome system is the predominant molecular pathology in OPMD animal models and patients. Skelet Muscle 2011; 1:15. [PMID: 21798095 PMCID: PMC3156638 DOI: 10.1186/2044-5040-1-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2010] [Accepted: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) is a late-onset progressive muscle disorder caused by a poly-alanine expansion mutation in the Poly(A) Binding Protein Nuclear 1 (PABPN1). The molecular mechanisms that regulate disease onset and progression are largely unknown. In order to identify molecular pathways that are consistently associated with OPMD, we performed an integrated high-throughput transcriptome study in affected muscles of OPMD animal models and patients. The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) was found to be the most consistently and significantly OPMD-deregulated pathway across species. We could correlate the association of the UPS OPMD-deregulated genes with stages of disease progression. The expression trend of a subset of these genes is age-associated and therefore, marks the late onset of the disease, and a second group with expression trends relating to disease-progression. We demonstrate a correlation between expression trends and entrapment into PABPN1 insoluble aggregates of OPMD-deregulated E3 ligases. We also show that manipulations of proteasome and immunoproteasome activity specifically affect the accumulation and aggregation of mutant PABPN1. We suggest that the natural decrease in proteasome expression and its activity during muscle aging contributes to the onset of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Yahya Anvar
- Center for Human and Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, P,O, Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
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39
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Brais
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics of Motion, Faculté de Médecine de l'Université de Montréal, Centre de Recherche cu CHUM, Hôpital Notre-Dame-CHUM, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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40
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Markaki M, Tavernarakis N. Modeling human diseases in Caenorhabditis elegans. Biotechnol J 2010; 5:1261-76. [PMID: 21154667 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201000183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2010] [Revised: 10/22/2010] [Accepted: 10/25/2010] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Genes linked to human diseases often function in evolutionarily conserved pathways, which can be readily dissected in simple model organisms. Because of its short lifespan and well-known biology, coupled with a completely sequenced genome that shares extensive homology with that of mammals, Caenorhabditis elegans is one of the most versatile and powerful model organisms. Research in C. elegans has been instrumental for the elucidation of molecular pathways implicated in many human diseases. In this review, we introduce C. elegans as a model organism for biomedical research and we survey recent relevant findings that shed light on the basic molecular determinants of human disease pathophysiology. The nematode holds promise of providing clear leads towards the identification of potential targets for the development of new therapeutic interventions against human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Markaki
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, N. Plastira 100, Vassilika Vouton, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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Neuron dysfunction is induced by prion protein with an insertional mutation via a Fyn kinase and reversed by sirtuin activation in Caenorhabditis elegans. J Neurosci 2010; 30:5394-403. [PMID: 20392961 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.5831-09.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Although prion propagation is well understood, the signaling pathways activated by neurotoxic forms of prion protein (PrP) and those able to mitigate pathological phenotypes remain largely unknown. Here, we identify src-2, a Fyn-related kinase, as a gene required for human PrP with an insertional mutation to be neurotoxic in Caenorhabditis elegans, and the longevity modulator sir-2.1/SIRT1, a sirtuin deacetylase, as a modifier of prion neurotoxicity. The expression of octarepeat-expanded PrP in C. elegans mechanosensory neurons led to a progressive loss of response to touch without causing cell death, whereas wild-type PrP expression did not alter behavior. Transgenic PrP molecules showed expression at the plasma membrane, with protein clusters, partial resistance to proteinase K (PK), and protein insolubility detected for mutant PrP. Loss of function (LOF) of src-2 greatly reduced mutant PrP neurotoxicity without reducing PK-resistant PrP levels. Increased sir-2.1 dosage reversed mutant PrP neurotoxicity, whereas sir-2.1 LOF showed aggravation, and these effects did not alter PK-resistant PrP. Resveratrol, a polyphenol known to act through sirtuins for neuroprotection, reversed mutant PrP neurotoxicity in a sir-2.1-dependent manner. Additionally, resveratrol reversed cell death caused by mutant PrP in cerebellar granule neurons from prnp-null mice. These results suggest that Fyn mediates mutant PrP neurotoxicity in addition to its role in cellular PrP signaling and reveal that sirtuin activation mitigates these neurotoxic effects. Sirtuin activators may thus have therapeutic potential to protect from prion neurotoxicity and its effects on intracellular signaling.
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42
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Vandenburgh H. High-content drug screening with engineered musculoskeletal tissues. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2010; 16:55-64. [PMID: 19728786 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2009.0445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Tissue engineering for in vitro drug-screening applications based on tissue function is an active area of translational research. Compared to targeted high-throughput drug-screening methods that rapidly analyze hundreds of thousands of compounds affecting a single biochemical reaction or gene expression, high-content screening (HCS) with engineered tissues is more complex and based on the cumulative positive and negative effects of a compound on the multiple pathways altering tissue function. It may therefore serve as better predictor of in vivo activity and serve as a bridge between high-throughput drug screening and in vivo animal studies. In the case of the musculoskeletal system, tissue function includes determining improvements in the mechanical properties of bone, tendon, cartilage, and, for skeletal muscle, contractile properties such as rate of contraction/relaxation, force generation, fatigability, and recovery from fatigue. HCS of compound banks with engineered tissues requires miniature musculoskeletal organs as well as automated functional testing. The resulting technologies should be rapid, cost effective, and reduce the number of small animals required for follow-on in vivo studies. Identification of compounds that improve the repair/regeneration of damaged tissues in vivo would have extensive clinical applications for treating musculoskeletal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herman Vandenburgh
- Department of Pathology, Brown Medical School-Miriam Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island 02906, USA.
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Pasco MY, Catoire H, Parker JA, Brais B, Rouleau GA, Néri C. Cross-talk between canonical Wnt signaling and the sirtuin-FoxO longevity pathway to protect against muscular pathology induced by mutant PABPN1 expression in C. elegans. Neurobiol Dis 2010; 38:425-33. [PMID: 20227501 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2010.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2009] [Revised: 02/24/2010] [Accepted: 03/04/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Developmental pathways may be play a role in adult cell survival. However, whether they interact with longevity/cell survival pathways to confer protection against disease-associated proteotoxicity remains largely unknown. We previously reported that the inhibition of key longevity modulators such as the deacetylase sir-2.1/SIRT1 (Sir2) and its target daf-16/FoxO protects transgenics nematodes from muscle cell decline and abnormal motility produced by the expression of mutant (polyalanine-expanded) PABPN1, the oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) protein. Here, we report that canonical Wnt signaling (i) modulates muscular pathology in mutant PABPN1 nematodes, and (ii) cooperates with the Sir2-FoxO longevity pathway to confer protection against mutant PABPN1 toxicity at the cellular and behavioral levels. Mutant PABPN1 toxicity was modified by genes along the canonical Wnt pathway, several of which depend on daf-16 for activity. ss-catenin and pop-1/TCF RNAi suppressed the protection from mutant PABPN1 confered by loss-of-function mutations in sir-2.1 and daf-16. Moreover, the aggravation of muscle cell pathology by increased sir-2.1 dosage was reversed by ss-catenin and pop-1 RNAi. The chemical inhibition of GSK-3ss, a repressor of ss-catenin activity, protected against mutant PABPN1 toxicity in a daf-16-dependent manner, which is consistent with a cross-talk between ss-catenin signaling and Sir2-FoxO signaling in protecting from mutant PABPN1 toxicity. Our data reveal that canonical Wnt signaling and Sir2-FoxO signaling interact to modulate diseased muscle survival, and indicate that GSK-3ss inhibitors and sirtuin inhibitors both have therapeutic potential for muscle protection in OPMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Y Pasco
- Inserm, Unit 894, Laboratory of Neuronal Cell Biology and Pathology, 75014 Paris, France
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44
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Pasco MY, Rotili D, Altucci L, Farina F, Rouleau GA, Mai A, Néri C. Characterization of sirtuin inhibitors in nematodes expressing a muscular dystrophy protein reveals muscle cell and behavioral protection by specific sirtinol analogues. J Med Chem 2010; 53:1407-11. [PMID: 20041717 DOI: 10.1021/jm9013345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD), a disease caused by polyalanine expansion in the nuclear protein PABPN1, the genetic inhibition of sirtuins and treatment with sirtuin inhibitors protect from mutant PABPN1 toxicity in transgenic nematodes. Here, we tested the SIRT1/2 inhibitors 1-12, bearing different degrees of inhibition, for protection against mutant PABPN1 toxicity in Caenorhabditis elegans. Compounds 2, 4, and 11 were the most efficient, revealing a potential therapeutic application for muscle cell protection in OPMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Y Pasco
- INSERM, Laboratory of Neuronal Cell Biology and Pathology, Center for Psychiatry and Neurosciences U894, Paris, France
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45
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Trollet C, Anvar SY, Venema A, Hargreaves IP, Foster K, Vignaud A, Ferry A, Negroni E, Hourde C, Baraibar MA, 't Hoen PAC, Davies JE, Rubinsztein DC, Heales SJ, Mouly V, van der Maarel SM, Butler-Browne G, Raz V, Dickson G. Molecular and phenotypic characterization of a mouse model of oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy reveals severe muscular atrophy restricted to fast glycolytic fibres. Hum Mol Genet 2010; 19:2191-207. [PMID: 20207626 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddq098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) is an adult-onset disorder characterized by ptosis, dysphagia and proximal limb weakness. Autosomal-dominant OPMD is caused by a short (GCG)(8-13) expansions within the first exon of the poly(A)-binding protein nuclear 1 gene (PABPN1), leading to an expanded polyalanine tract in the mutated protein. Expanded PABPN1 forms insoluble aggregates in the nuclei of skeletal muscle fibres. In order to gain insight into the different physiological processes affected in OPMD muscles, we have used a transgenic mouse model of OPMD (A17.1) and performed transcriptomic studies combined with a detailed phenotypic characterization of this model at three time points. The transcriptomic analysis revealed a massive gene deregulation in the A17.1 mice, among which we identified a significant deregulation of pathways associated with muscle atrophy. Using a mathematical model for progression, we have identified that one-third of the progressive genes were also associated with muscle atrophy. Functional and histological analysis of the skeletal muscle of this mouse model confirmed a severe and progressive muscular atrophy associated with a reduction in muscle strength. Moreover, muscle atrophy in the A17.1 mice was restricted to fast glycolytic fibres, containing a large number of intranuclear inclusions (INIs). The soleus muscle and, in particular, oxidative fibres were spared, even though they contained INIs albeit to a lesser degree. These results demonstrate a fibre-type specificity of muscle atrophy in this OPMD model. This study improves our understanding of the biological pathways modified in OPMD to identify potential biomarkers and new therapeutic targets.
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Cen Y. Sirtuins inhibitors: the approach to affinity and selectivity. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2009; 1804:1635-44. [PMID: 19931429 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2009.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2009] [Revised: 11/07/2009] [Accepted: 11/10/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has indicated the importance of sirtuins (class III histone deacetylases) in various biological processes. Their potential roles in metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases have encouraged scientists to seek potent and selective sirtuin inhibitors to investigate their biological functions with a view to eventual new therapeutic treatments. This article surveys current knowledge of sirtuin inhibitors including those discovered via high-throughput screening (HST) or via mechanism-based drug design from synthetic or natural sources. Their inhibitory affinity, selectivities, and possible inhibition mechanisms are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yana Cen
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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47
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Tavanez JP, Bengoechea R, Berciano MT, Lafarga M, Carmo-Fonseca M, Enguita FJ. Hsp70 chaperones and type I PRMTs are sequestered at intranuclear inclusions caused by polyalanine expansions in PABPN1. PLoS One 2009; 4:e6418. [PMID: 19641605 PMCID: PMC2712759 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0006418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2009] [Accepted: 06/26/2009] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic instability at loci with tandem arrays of simple repeats is the cause for many neurological, neurodegenerative and neuromuscular diseases. When located in coding regions, disease-associated expansions of trinucleotide repeats are translated into homopolymeric amino acid stretches of glutamine or alanine. Polyalanine expansions in the poly(A)-binding protein nuclear 1 (PABPN1) gene causes oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD). To gain novel insight into the molecular pathophysiology of OPMD, we studied the interaction of cellular proteins with normal and expanded PABPN1. Pull-down assays show that heat shock proteins including Hsp70, and type I arginine methyl transferases (PRMT1 and PRMT3) associate preferentially with expanded PABPN1. Immunofluorescence microscopy further reveals accumulation of these proteins at intranuclear inclusions in muscle from OPMD patients. Recombinant PABPN1 with expanded polyalanine stretches binds Hsp70 with higher affinity, and data from molecular simulations suggest that expansions of the PABPN1 polyalanine tract result in transition from a disordered, flexible conformation to a stable helical secondary structure. Taken together, our results suggest that the pathological mutation in the PABPN1 gene alters the protein conformation and induces a preferential interaction with type I PRMTs and Hsp70 chaperones. This in turn causes sequestration in intranuclear inclusions, possibly leading to a progressive cellular defect in arginine methylation and chaperone activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Paulo Tavanez
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rocio Bengoechea
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, and “Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)”, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Maria T. Berciano
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, and “Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)”, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Miguel Lafarga
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, and “Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)”, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Maria Carmo-Fonseca
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Francisco J. Enguita
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The sirtuin family of deacetylase enzymes comprises seven proteins (SIRT1-7) that are dependent on NAD(+) for their activity. Three proteins are located in the nucleus, three in the mitochondria and only one is predominantly cytoplasmic. Caloric restriction and oxidative stress generally up-regulate their expression. SIRT1, the orthologue of yeast Sir2, is the mammalian sirtuin that has been most extensively studied to date. Among other targets, SIRT1 down-regulates the activity of the nuclear transcription factor p53, being this related with an increase in lifespan and cell survival associated to stress resistance. OBJECTIVE Because sirtuin modulation could have beneficial effects on several human diseases, there is a growing interest in the discovery and development of small molecules that modify its activity. This review will be focused on sirtuin inhibitors. CONCLUSIONS Several specific inhibitors of SIRT1 have been described. These compounds could be mainly useful for the treatment of cancers by increasing p53 activity that stops the formation of tumours and induces apoptosis. A p53-independent massive induction of apoptosis has been also described for one inhibitor. In addition, a potent and selective SIRT2 inhibitor that ameliorates the alpha-synuclein fibril formation in Parkinson disease has been proposed to treat this kind of neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Alcaín
- Universidad de Córdoba, Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus Rabanales, Edificio Severo Ochoa, Córdoba, Spain
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49
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Vandenburgh H, Shansky J, Benesch-Lee F, Skelly K, Spinazzola JM, Saponjian Y, Tseng BS. Automated drug screening with contractile muscle tissue engineered from dystrophic myoblasts. FASEB J 2009; 23:3325-34. [PMID: 19487307 DOI: 10.1096/fj.09-134411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Identification of factors that improve muscle function in boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) could lead to an improved quality of life. To establish a functional in vitro assay for muscle strength, mdx murine myoblasts, the genetic homologue of DMD, were tissue engineered in 96-microwell plates into 3-dimensional muscle constructs with parallel arrays of striated muscle fibers. When electrically stimulated, they generated tetanic forces measured with an automated motion tracking system. Thirty-one compounds of interest as potential treatments for patients with DMD were tested at 3 to 6 concentrations. Eleven of the compounds (insulin-like growth factor-1, creatine, beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate, trichostatin A, lisinopril, and 6 from the glucocorticoid family) significantly increased tetanic force relative to placebo-treated controls. The glucocorticoids methylprednisolone, deflazacort, and prednisone increased tetanic forces at low doses (EC(50) of 6, 19, and 56 nM, respectively), indicating a direct muscle mechanism by which they may be benefitting DMD patients. The tetanic force assay also identified beneficial compound interactions (arginine plus deflazacort and prednisone plus creatine) as well as deleterious interactions (prednisone plus creatine inhibited by pentoxifylline) of combinatorial therapies taken by some DMD patients. Since mdx muscle in vivo and DMD patients respond in a similar manner to many of these compounds, the in vitro assay will be a useful tool for the rapid identification of new potential treatments for muscle weakness in DMD and other muscle disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herman Vandenburgh
- Department of Pathology, Brown Medical School-Miriam Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.
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50
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Abstract
It has been 10 years since the identification of the first PABPN1 gene (GCN)(n)/polyalanine mutations responsible for oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD). These mutations have been found in most cases of OPMD diagnosed in more than 35 countries. Sequence analyses have shown that such mutations have occurred numerous times in human history. Although PABPN1 was found early on to be a component of the classic filamentous intranuclear inclusions (INIs), mRNA and other proteins also have been found to coaggregate in the INIs. It is still unclear if the INIs play a pathologic or a protective role. The generation of numerous cell and animal models of OPMD has led to greater insight into its complex molecular pathophysiology and identified the first candidate therapeutic molecules. This paper reviews basic and clinical research on OPMD, with special emphasis on recent developments in the understanding of its pathophysiology.
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