1
|
Pérez-Sánchez M, Pardiñas ML, Díez-Juan A, Quiñonero A, Domínguez F, Martin A, Vidal C, Beltrán D, Mifsud A, Mercader A, Pellicer A, Cobo A, de Los Santos MJ. The effect of vitrification on blastocyst mitochondrial DNA dynamics and gene expression profiles. J Assist Reprod Genet 2023; 40:2577-2589. [PMID: 37801195 PMCID: PMC10643482 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-023-02952-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Does vitrification/warming affect the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content and the gene expression profile of blastocysts? METHODS Prospective cohort study in which 89 blastocysts were obtained from 50 patients between July 2017 and August 2018. mtDNA was measured in a total of 71 aneuploid blastocysts by means of real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Transcriptomic analysis was performed by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) in an additional 8 aneuploid blastocysts cultured for 0 h after warming, and 10 aneuploid blastocysts cultured for 4-5 h after warming. RESULTS A significant decrease in mtDNA content just during the first hour after the warming process in blastocysts was found (P < 0.05). However, mtDNA content experimented a significantly increased along the later culture hours achieving the original mtDNA levels before vitrification after 4-5 h of culture (P < 0.05). Gene expression analysis and functional enrichment analysis revealed that such recovery was accompanied by upregulation of pathways associated with embryo developmental capacity and uterine embryo development. Interestingly, the significant increase in mtDNA content observed in blastocysts just after warming also coincided with the differential expression of several cellular stress response-related pathways, such as apoptosis, DNA damage, humoral immune responses, and cancer. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating in humans, a modulation in blastocysts mtDNA content in response to vitrification and warming. These results will be useful in understanding which pathways and mechanisms may be activated in human blastocysts following vitrification and warming before a transfer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Pérez-Sánchez
- IVI Foundation, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), Avenida Fernando Abril Martorell, 106 - Torre A, Planta 1ª, 46026, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria Luisa Pardiñas
- IVI Foundation, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), Avenida Fernando Abril Martorell, 106 - Torre A, Planta 1ª, 46026, Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonio Díez-Juan
- Department of Research, Igenomix, Parque Tecnológico, Rda. de Narcís Monturiol, nº11, B, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alicia Quiñonero
- IVI Foundation, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), Avenida Fernando Abril Martorell, 106 - Torre A, Planta 1ª, 46026, Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco Domínguez
- IVI Foundation, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), Avenida Fernando Abril Martorell, 106 - Torre A, Planta 1ª, 46026, Valencia, Spain
| | - Angel Martin
- IVI Foundation, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), Avenida Fernando Abril Martorell, 106 - Torre A, Planta 1ª, 46026, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carmina Vidal
- Department of Gynaecology, IVIRMA Global, Plaça de La Policía Local, 3, Valencia, 46015, Spain
| | - Diana Beltrán
- IVF Laboratory, IVIRMA Global, Plaça de La Policía Local, 3, 46015, Valencia, Spain
| | - Amparo Mifsud
- IVF Laboratory, IVIRMA Global, Plaça de La Policía Local, 3, 46015, Valencia, Spain
| | - Amparo Mercader
- IVF Laboratory, IVIRMA Global, Plaça de La Policía Local, 3, 46015, Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonio Pellicer
- Department of Gynaecology, IVIRMA Global, Largo Ildebrando Pizzetti, 1, Rome, 00197, Italy
| | - Ana Cobo
- IVF Laboratory, IVIRMA Global, Plaça de La Policía Local, 3, 46015, Valencia, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang H, Xu J, Li H, Chen W, Zeng X, Sun Y, Yang Q. Alpha-ketoglutarate supplementation ameliorates ovarian reserve and oocyte quality decline with aging in mice. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2023; 571:111935. [PMID: 37098377 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2023.111935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
Assisted reproductive technology is widely accepted as an effective treatment to improve female fertility, but the decline of aging oocyte quality remains an important factor in the decrease of female fecundity. However, the effective strategies for improving oocyte aging are still not well understood. In the study, we demonstrated that ROS content and abnormal spindle proportion were increased and mitochondrial membrane potential was decreased in aging oocytes. However, supplementation of α-ketoglutarate (α-KG), an immediate metabolite in the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA), for 4 months to aging mice, significantly increased the ovarian reserve showed by more follicle numbers observed. In addition, the oocyte quality was significantly improved, as demonstrated by reduced fragmentation rate and decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, in addition to a lower rate of abnormal spindle assembly, thereby improving the mitochondrial membrane potential. Consistent with the in vivo data, α-KG administration also improved the post-ovulated aging oocyte quality and early embryonic development by improving mitochondrial functions and reducing ROS accumulation and abnormal spindle assembly. Our data revealed that α-KG supplementation might be an effective strategy to improve the quality of aging oocytes in vivo or in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Province Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases (Reproductive Medicine) Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jianmin Xu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Province Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases (Reproductive Medicine) Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hui Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Province Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases (Reproductive Medicine) Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenhui Chen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Province Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases (Reproductive Medicine) Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinxin Zeng
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Province Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases (Reproductive Medicine) Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yingpu Sun
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Province Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases (Reproductive Medicine) Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Qingling Yang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Province Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases (Reproductive Medicine) Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases require customized approaches for reproductive counseling, addressing differences in recurrence risks and reproductive options. The majority of mitochondrial diseases is caused by mutations in nuclear genes and segregate in a Mendelian way. Prenatal diagnosis (PND) or preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) are available to prevent the birth of another severely affected child. In at least 15%-25% of cases, mitochondrial diseases are caused by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations, which can occur de novo (25%) or be maternally inherited. For de novo mtDNA mutations, the recurrence risk is low and PND can be offered for reassurance. For maternally inherited, heteroplasmic mtDNA mutations, the recurrence risk is often unpredictable, due to the mitochondrial bottleneck. PND for mtDNA mutations is technically possible, but often not applicable given limitations in predicting the phenotype. Another option for preventing the transmission of mtDNA diseases is PGT. Embryos with mutant load below the expression threshold are being transferred. Oocyte donation is another safe option to prevent the transmission of mtDNA disease to a future child for couples who reject PGT. Recently, mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) became available for clinical application as an alternative to prevent the transmission of heteroplasmic and homoplasmic mtDNA mutations.
Collapse
|
4
|
Hashimoto S, Morimoto Y. Mitochondrial function of human embryo: Decline in their quality with maternal aging. Reprod Med Biol 2022; 21:e12491. [PMID: 36570768 PMCID: PMC9769491 DOI: 10.1002/rmb2.12491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Female fertility declines with age, due to increased chromosomal aneuploidy and possible reduced mitochondrial function in the embryo. Methods This review outlines how mitochondrial function in human embryos, as predicted from oxygen consumption rate (OCR) measurements, changes in preimplantation stage, and what factors, particularly maternal age, affect mitochondrial function in embryos. Main findings The structure of the mitochondrial inner membrane and its respiratory function developed with embryo development, while the copy number of mitochondrial DNA per specimen was transiently reduced compared with that of the oocyte. The undifferentiated state of the inner cell mass cells appears to be associated with a low OCR. In contrast, the copy number of mitochondrial DNA increased in trophoblast cells and mitochondrial aerobic metabolism increased.The OCRs at morulae stage decreased with maternal age, but there was no relationship between maternal age and the copy number of mitochondrial DNA at any stages. The higher oxygen spent at the morula stage; the shorter time was needed for development to the mid-stage blastocyst. Conclusions The mitochondrial respiratory function of human embryos developed along with embryonic growth. Mitochondrial function at morula stage declined with their maternal age and reduced mitochondrial function decreased the rate of development from morula to blastocyst.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu Hashimoto
- Graduate School of MedicineOsaka Metropolitan UniversityOsakaJapan
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhu J, Yang Q, Li H, Wang Y, Jiang Y, Wang H, Cong L, Xu J, Shen Z, Chen W, Zeng X, Wang M, Lei M, Sun Y. Sirt3 deficiency accelerates ovarian senescence without affecting spermatogenesis in aging mice. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 193:511-525. [PMID: 36336229 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.10.324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Sirtuin-3 (SIRT3), the main deacetylase in the mitochondria, maintains cellular energy metabolism and redox balance by deacetylating mitochondrial proteins in a NAD+-dependent manner. Growing evidence indicates that decreased Sirt3 expression is involved in various age-related maladies. However, the role of Sirt3 in ovarian and testicular senescence remains unclear. In this study, we observed that sirt3 expression showed age-dependent decreases in the ovary but not the testis. We generated Sirt3 null mice via CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing. We observed that Sirt3 deletion accelerated ovarian aging, as shown by a decrease in offspring sizes, the follicle reserve and oocytes markers (Bmp15 and Gdf9) as well as increased expression of aging and inflammation-related genes (p16, p21, Il-1α, and Il-1β). Sirt3 deficiency led to an accumulation of superoxide and disruption of spindle assembly accompanied by mitochondrial dysfunction (uneven mitochondria distribution, decreased mitochondrial potential as well as reduced mitochondrial DNA content) in aging oocytes. Meanwhile, in ovaries of Sirt3 null mice, the impaired mitochondrial functions were shown by decreases in mitochondrial respiratory complexes, along with lower levels of mitochondrial fusion (OPA1, MFN2) and fission (DRP1, FIS1) proteins. er levels of mitochondrial fusion (OPA1, MFN2) and fission (DRP1, FIS1) proteins. Interestingly, Sirt3-/- male mice exhibited no changes on the testicular histology, serum testosterone levels, germ-cell proliferation, and differentiation of spermatogonia. Meiotic prophase I spermatocytes were also normal. Levels of superoxide, mitochondrial potential as well as expression of mitochondrially-encoded genes were unaltered in Sirt3-/- testes. Collectively, the results indicated that SIRT3 plays a critical role in maintaining the ovarian follicle reserve and oocyte quality in aging mice, suggesting its important role in controlling ovarian senescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Provincial Obstetrical and Gynecological Disease (Reproductive Medicine) Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Qingling Yang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Provincial Obstetrical and Gynecological Disease (Reproductive Medicine) Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Hui Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Provincial Obstetrical and Gynecological Disease (Reproductive Medicine) Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yujiao Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Provincial Obstetrical and Gynecological Disease (Reproductive Medicine) Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuqing Jiang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Provincial Obstetrical and Gynecological Disease (Reproductive Medicine) Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Provincial Obstetrical and Gynecological Disease (Reproductive Medicine) Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Luping Cong
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Provincial Obstetrical and Gynecological Disease (Reproductive Medicine) Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jianmin Xu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Provincial Obstetrical and Gynecological Disease (Reproductive Medicine) Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhaoyang Shen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Provincial Obstetrical and Gynecological Disease (Reproductive Medicine) Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenhui Chen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Provincial Obstetrical and Gynecological Disease (Reproductive Medicine) Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinxin Zeng
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Provincial Obstetrical and Gynecological Disease (Reproductive Medicine) Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mengchen Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Provincial Obstetrical and Gynecological Disease (Reproductive Medicine) Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Min Lei
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Provincial Obstetrical and Gynecological Disease (Reproductive Medicine) Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yingpu Sun
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Provincial Obstetrical and Gynecological Disease (Reproductive Medicine) Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li D, Liang C, Zhang T, Marley JL, Zou W, Lian M, Ji D. Pathogenic mitochondrial DNA 3243A>G mutation: From genetics to phenotype. Front Genet 2022; 13:951185. [PMID: 36276941 PMCID: PMC9582660 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.951185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) m.3243A>G mutation is one of the most common pathogenic mtDNA variants, showing complex genetics, pathogenic molecular mechanisms, and phenotypes. In recent years, the prevention of mtDNA-related diseases has trended toward precision medicine strategies, such as preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) and mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT). These techniques are set to allow the birth of healthy children, but clinical implementation relies on thorough insights into mtDNA genetics. The genotype and phenotype of m.3243A>G vary greatly from mother to offspring, which compromises genetic counseling for the disease. This review is the first to systematically elaborate on the characteristics of the m.3243A>G mutation, from genetics to phenotype and the relationship between them, as well as the related influencing factors and potential strategies for preventing disease. These perceptions will provide clarity for clinicians providing genetic counseling to m.3243A>G patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danyang Li
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract (Anhui Medical University), Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Chunmei Liang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract (Anhui Medical University), Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jordan Lee Marley
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Weiwei Zou
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract (Anhui Medical University), Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Muqing Lian
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Dongmei Ji
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract (Anhui Medical University), Hefei, Anhui, China
- *Correspondence: Dongmei Ji,
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yilmaz O, Jensen AM, Harboe T, Møgster M, Jensen RM, Mjaavatten O, Birkeland E, Spriet E, Sandven L, Furmanek T, Berven FS, Wargelius A, Norberg B. Quantitative proteome profiling reveals molecular hallmarks of egg quality in Atlantic halibut: impairments of transcription and protein folding impede protein and energy homeostasis during early development. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:635. [PMID: 36071374 PMCID: PMC9450261 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08859-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tandem mass tag spectrometry (TMT labeling-LC-MS/MS) was utilized to examine the global proteomes of Atlantic halibut eggs at the 1-cell-stage post fertilization. Comparisons were made between eggs judged to be of good quality (GQ) versus poor quality (BQ) as evidenced by their subsequent rates of survival for 12 days. Altered abundance of selected proteins in BQ eggs was confirmed by parallel reaction monitoring spectrometry (PRM-LC-MS/MS). Correspondence of protein levels to expression of related gene transcripts was examined via qPCR. Potential mitochondrial differences between GQ and BQ eggs were assessed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and measurements of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) levels. Results A total of 115 proteins were found to be differentially abundant between GQ and BQ eggs. Frequency distributions of these proteins indicated higher protein folding activity in GQ eggs compared to higher transcription and protein degradation activities in BQ eggs. BQ eggs were also significantly enriched with proteins related to mitochondrial structure and biogenesis. Quantitative differences in abundance of several proteins with parallel differences in their transcript levels were confirmed in egg samples obtained over three consecutive reproductive seasons. The observed disparities in global proteome profiles suggest impairment of protein and energy homeostasis related to unfolded protein response and mitochondrial stress in BQ eggs. TEM revealed BQ eggs to contain significantly higher numbers of mitochondria, but differences in corresponding genomic mtDNA (mt-nd5 and mt-atp6) levels were not significant. Mitochondria from BQ eggs were significantly smaller with a more irregular shape and a higher number of cristae than those from GQ eggs. Conclusion The results of this study indicate that BQ Atlantic halibut eggs are impaired at both transcription and translation levels leading to endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrial disorders. Observation of these irregularities over three consecutive reproductive seasons in BQ eggs from females of diverse background, age and reproductive experience indicates that they are a hallmark of poor egg quality. Additional research is needed to discover when in oogenesis and under what circumstances these defects may arise. The prevalence of this suite of markers in BQ eggs of diverse vertebrate species also begs investigation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-022-08859-0.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ozlem Yilmaz
- Institute of Marine Research, Austevoll Research Station, 5392, Storebø, Norway.
| | | | - Torstein Harboe
- Institute of Marine Research, Austevoll Research Station, 5392, Storebø, Norway
| | - Margareth Møgster
- Institute of Marine Research, Austevoll Research Station, 5392, Storebø, Norway
| | | | - Olav Mjaavatten
- Department of Biomedicine, The Proteomics Facility of the University of Bergen (PROBE), 5009, Bergen, Norway
| | - Even Birkeland
- Department of Biomedicine, The Proteomics Facility of the University of Bergen (PROBE), 5009, Bergen, Norway
| | - Endy Spriet
- Department of Biomedicine, The Molecular Imaging Center (MIC), University of Bergen, 5009, Bergen, Norway
| | - Linda Sandven
- Department of Biomedicine, The Molecular Imaging Center (MIC), University of Bergen, 5009, Bergen, Norway
| | - Tomasz Furmanek
- Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 1870, Nordnes, 5817, Bergen, Norway
| | - Frode S Berven
- Department of Biomedicine, The Proteomics Facility of the University of Bergen (PROBE), 5009, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anna Wargelius
- Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 1870, Nordnes, 5817, Bergen, Norway
| | - Birgitta Norberg
- Institute of Marine Research, Austevoll Research Station, 5392, Storebø, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Amor H, Hammadeh ME. A Systematic Review of the Impact of Mitochondrial Variations on Male Infertility. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13071182. [PMID: 35885965 PMCID: PMC9325252 DOI: 10.3390/genes13071182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
According to current estimates, infertility affects one in four couples trying to conceive. Primary or secondary infertility can be due either to both partners or only to the man or the woman. Up to 15% of infertility cases in men can be attributed to genetic factors that can lead to irreversible partial or complete spermatogenic arrest. The increased use of assisted reproductive technology (ART) has provided not only insights into the causes of male infertility but also afforded a diagnostic tool to detect and manage this condition among couples. Genes control a variety of physiological attributes, such as the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis, development, and germ cell differentiation. In the era of ART, it is important to understand the genetic basis of infertility so as to provide the most tailored therapy and counseling to couples. Genetic factors involved in male infertility can be chromosome abnormalities or single-gene disorders, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations, Y-chromosome deletions, multifactorial disorders, imprinting disorders, or endocrine disorders of genetic origin. In this review, we discuss the role of mitochondria and the mitochondrial genome as an indicator of sperm quality and fertility.
Collapse
|
9
|
Sinha N, Driscoll CS, Qi W, Huang B, Roy S, Knott JG, Wang J, Sen A. Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) treatment enhances oocyte quality, embryonic development and live birth rate. Biol Reprod 2022; 107:813-822. [DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioac116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) produced by the granulosa cells of growing follicles is critical for folliculogenesis and is clinically used as a diagnostic and/or prognostic marker of female fertility. Previous studies report that AMH-pretreatment in mice creates a pool of quiescent follicles that are released following superovulation, resulting in increased number of ovulated oocytes. However, the quality and developmental competency of oocytes derived from AMH-induced accumulated follicles as well as the effect of AMH treatment on live birth are not known. This study reports that AMH priming positively affects oocyte maturation and early embryonic development culminating in higher number of live births. Our results show that AMH treatment results in good quality oocytes with higher developmental competence that enhances embryonic development resulting in blastocysts with greater gene expression. Transcriptome analysis of oocytes from AMH-primed compared to control mice reveal that AMH upregulates a large number of genes and pathways associated with oocyte quality and embryonic development. Mitochondrial function is the most affected pathway by AMH priming, that is supported by higher number of active mitochondria, mitochondrial DNA content and ATP levels in oocytes and embryos isolated from AMH-primed compared to control animals. These studies for the first time provide an insight into the overall impact of AMH on female fertility and highlight critical knowledge necessary to develop AMH as a therapeutic option to improve female fertility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niharika Sinha
- Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program , Department of Animal Science
| | - Chad S Driscoll
- Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program , Department of Animal Science
| | - Wenjie Qi
- Department of Computational Mathematics , Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 , USA
| | - Binbin Huang
- Department of Computational Mathematics , Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 , USA
| | - Sambit Roy
- Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program , Department of Animal Science
| | - Jason G Knott
- Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program , Department of Animal Science
| | - Jianrong Wang
- Department of Computational Mathematics , Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 , USA
| | - Aritro Sen
- Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program , Department of Animal Science
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Denizot AL, L'Hostis A, Sallem A, Favier S, Pierre R, Do Cruzeiro M, Guilbert T, Burlet P, Lapierre JM, Robain M, Le Lorc'H M, Vicaut E, Chatzovoulou K, Steffann J, Romana S, Méhats C, Santulli P, Patrat C, Vaiman D, Ziyyat A, Wolf JP. Cyclic fertilin-derived peptide stimulates in vitro human embryo development. F&S SCIENCE 2022; 3:49-63. [PMID: 35559995 DOI: 10.1016/j.xfss.2021.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the cyclic fertilin peptide effects on preimplantation human embryogenesis. Cyclic fertilin peptide reproduces the structure of the binding site of the sperm Fertilin β (also named A Disintegrin and Metalloprotease 2: ADAM2) disintegrin domain. It binds to the oocyte membrane and increases sperm-oocyte fusion index in human and fertilization rate in mouse, providing healthy pups. It also improves human oocyte maturation and chromosome segregation in meiosis I and binds to human embryo blastomeres, suggesting that it has a membrane receptor. DESIGN Thawed human embryos at the 3 to 4 cells stage were randomly included in a dose-response study with cyclic fertilin peptide. Inner cell mass (ICM), trophectoderm (TE), and total cell numbers were evaluated in top- and good-quality blastocysts. SETTING The study was performed in an academic hospital and research laboratory. PATIENT(S) Human embryos donated for research. This project was approved by the French "Agence de la Biomédecine." INTERVENTION(S) Immunofluorescence and tissue-specific gene expression analysis, using Clariom D microarrays, were performed to study its mechanism of action. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Cyclic fertilin peptide improves blastocyst formation by almost 20%, the concentration of 1 μM being the lowest most efficient concentration. It significantly increases twice the TE cell number, without modifying the ICM. It increases the in vitro hatching rate from 14% to 45%. RESULT(S) Cyclic fertilin peptide stimulates TE growth. In the ICM, it induces transcriptional activation of intracellular protein and vesicle-mediated transport. CONCLUSION(S) Cyclic fertilin peptide dramatically improves human embryo development potential. It could be used to supplement culture medium and improve the in vitro human embryo development. Starting supplementation immediately after fertilization, instead of day 2, could significantly upgrade assisted reproductive technology outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Lyse Denizot
- Team "From Gametes To Birth," Cochin Institute, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Université de Paris, Paris, France; Department "Histologie-Embryologie-Biologie de la Reproduction," Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Audrey L'Hostis
- Team "From Gametes To Birth," Cochin Institute, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Université de Paris, Paris, France; Department "Histologie-Embryologie-Biologie de la Reproduction," Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Amira Sallem
- Team "From Gametes To Birth," Cochin Institute, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Université de Paris, Paris, France; Department "Histologie-Embryologie-Biologie de la Reproduction," Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France; Laboratoire d'Histologie-Embryologie et Cytogénétique (LR 18 ES 40), Faculté de Médecine de Monastir, Tunisie
| | - Sophie Favier
- Team "From Gametes To Birth," Cochin Institute, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Rémi Pierre
- Homologous Recombination, Embryo Transfer and Cryopreservation Facility, Cochin Institute, University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Marcio Do Cruzeiro
- Homologous Recombination, Embryo Transfer and Cryopreservation Facility, Cochin Institute, University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Guilbert
- IMAG'IC facility, Cochin Institute, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, University of Paris UMR-S1016, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Burlet
- Department "Génétique Moléculaire," Hôpital Necker-Enfants malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Jean-Michel Lapierre
- Department of "Histologie - Embryologie-Cytogénétique," Hôpital Necker-Enfants malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | | | - Marc Le Lorc'H
- Department of "Histologie - Embryologie-Cytogénétique," Hôpital Necker-Enfants malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Eric Vicaut
- Unité de Recherche Clinique, ACTION Study Group, Hôpital Fernand Widal, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Kalliopi Chatzovoulou
- Department "Génétique Moléculaire," Hôpital Necker-Enfants malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France; Institut Imagine, Université de Paris, Laboratoire des Maladies Génétiques Mitochondriales. Inserm UMR1163, Paris, France
| | - Julie Steffann
- Department "Génétique Moléculaire," Hôpital Necker-Enfants malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France; Institut Imagine, Université de Paris, Laboratoire des Maladies Génétiques Mitochondriales. Inserm UMR1163, Paris, France
| | - Serge Romana
- Department of "Histologie - Embryologie-Cytogénétique," Hôpital Necker-Enfants malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France; Institut Imagine, Université de Paris, Laboratoire d'Embryologie et de Génétique des Malformations Congénitales, Inserm UMR1163, Paris, France
| | - Céline Méhats
- Team "From Gametes To Birth," Cochin Institute, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Piétro Santulli
- Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique II et de Médecine de la Reproduction, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Catherine Patrat
- Team "From Gametes To Birth," Cochin Institute, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Université de Paris, Paris, France; Department "Histologie-Embryologie-Biologie de la Reproduction," Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Daniel Vaiman
- Team "From Gametes To Birth," Cochin Institute, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Ahmed Ziyyat
- Team "From Gametes To Birth," Cochin Institute, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Université de Paris, Paris, France; Department "Histologie-Embryologie-Biologie de la Reproduction," Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Jean Philippe Wolf
- Team "From Gametes To Birth," Cochin Institute, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Université de Paris, Paris, France; Department "Histologie-Embryologie-Biologie de la Reproduction," Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
McClam M, Xiao S. Preserving Oocytes in Oncofertility†. Biol Reprod 2022; 106:328-337. [PMID: 35040934 PMCID: PMC8862718 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioac008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The prodigious rise of cancer survival rates enables many cancer survivors to live long lives. Therefore, the side effects of cancer treatments as well as the long-term quality of life after cancer have become more relevant. Ovarian toxicity is a major off-target effect of anticancer agents for childhood and young adult female cancer patients. Both chemotherapy and irradiation have been demonstrated to damage the ovary and increase the risks of premature ovarian failure (POF), early menopause, ovarian endocrine disorders, and sub- or infertility. Oncofertility is an emerging and multidisciplinary research and medical field that focuses on providing cancer patients with fertility preservation options. Oocyte quality and quantity are one of the most important factors to determine women's fertility success; therefore, preserving oocytes is paramount for maintaining the ability of young female cancer patients' reproduction after their recovery. This review summarizes peer-reviewed literature on current oocyte preservation options in oncofertility. We describe in-depth oocyte and embryo cryopreservation, ovarian suppression, ovarian tissue cryopreservation, in vitro maturation, ovarian transposition, and adjuvant therapy. Further, we discuss current guidelines and practices of female fertility preservation that cover preserving oocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria McClam
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Shuo Xiao
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute (EOHSI), Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA,Correspondence: 170 Frelinghuysen Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA. Tel: + 1-848-445-3729; E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ciesielska EJ, Kim S, Bisimwa HGM, Grier C, Rahman MM, Young CKJ, Young MJ, Oliveira MT, Ciesielski GL. Remdesivir triphosphate blocks DNA synthesis and increases exonucleolysis by the replicative mitochondrial DNA polymerase, Pol γ. Mitochondrion 2021; 61:147-158. [PMID: 34619353 PMCID: PMC8595818 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2021.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic prompted the FDA to authorize a new nucleoside analogue, remdesivir, for emergency use in affected individuals. We examined the effects of its active metabolite, remdesivir triphosphate (RTP), on the activity of the replicative mitochondrial DNA polymerase, Pol γ. We found that while RTP is not incorporated by Pol γ into a nascent DNA strand, it remains associated with the enzyme impeding its synthetic activity and stimulating exonucleolysis. In spite of that, we found no evidence for deleterious effects of remdesivir treatment on the integrity of the mitochondrial genome in human cells in culture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena J Ciesielska
- Department of Chemistry, Auburn University at Montgomery, Montgomery, AL 36117, United States
| | - Shalom Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Auburn University at Montgomery, Montgomery, AL 36117, United States
| | | | - Cody Grier
- Department of Chemistry, Auburn University at Montgomery, Montgomery, AL 36117, United States
| | - Md Mostafijur Rahman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL 62901, United States
| | - Carolyn K J Young
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL 62901, United States
| | - Matthew J Young
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL 62901, United States
| | - Marcos T Oliveira
- Departamento de Tecnologia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Grzegorz L Ciesielski
- Department of Chemistry, Auburn University at Montgomery, Montgomery, AL 36117, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Cowell W, Brunst K, Colicino E, Zhang L, Zhang X, Bloomquist TR, Baccarelli AA, Wright RJ. Placental mitochondrial DNA mutational load and perinatal outcomes: Findings from a multi-ethnic pregnancy cohort. Mitochondrion 2021; 59:267-275. [PMID: 34102325 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2021.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria fuel placental activity, with mitochondrial dysfunction implicated in several perinatal complications. We investigated placental mtDNA mutational load using NextGen sequencing in relation to birthweight and gestational length among 358 mother-newborn pairs. We found that higher heteroplasmy, especially in the hypervariable displacement loop region, was associated with shorter gestational length. Results were similar among male and female pregnancies, but stronger in magnitude among females. With regard to growth, we observed that higher mutational load was associated with lower birthweight-for-gestational age (BWGA) among females, but higher BWGA among males. These findings support potential sex-differential fetal biological strategies for coping with increased heteroplasmies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Whitney Cowell
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Kelly Brunst
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Elena Colicino
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Tessa R Bloomquist
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Andrea A Baccarelli
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Rosalind J Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Kravis Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Institute for Exposomic Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wang Q, Hutt KJ. Evaluation of mitochondria in mouse oocytes following cisplatin exposure. J Ovarian Res 2021; 14:65. [PMID: 33971923 PMCID: PMC8111953 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-021-00817-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cisplatin is a platinum-based chemotherapeutic that damages genomic DNA leading to cell death. It also damages mitochondrial DNA and induces high levels of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS), further sensitising cells to apoptosis. Notably, immature oocytes are particularly vulnerable to cisplatin treatment, a common side effect of which is depletion of the primordial follicle reserve, leading to infertility and early menopause. Cisplatin is known to damage the DNA of oocytes, but the possibility that cisplatin also compromises oocyte survival and quality by damaging mitochondria, has not been investigated. To begin to address this question, neonatal mice were treated with saline or cisplatin (2 mg/kg or 4 mg/kg) and the short and long-term impacts on mitochondria in oocytes were characterised. RESULTS At 6 and 24 h after treatment, mitochondrial localisation, mass and ATP content in immature oocytes were similar between groups. However, TMRM staining intensity, a marker of mitochondrial membrane potential, was decreased in immature oocytes from cisplatin treated mice compared to saline treated controls, consistent with the induction of apoptosis. When mice were super ovulated 5 weeks after exposure, the number of mature oocytes harvested from cisplatin treated mice was significantly lower than controls. Mitochondrial localisation, mass, membrane potential and ATP levels showed no differences between groups. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction may contribute to the depletion of the ovarian reserve caused by cisplatin, but long-term impacts on mitochondria may be minimal as those immature oocytes that survive cisplatin treatment develop into mature oocytes with normal mitochondrial parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiaochu Wang
- Ovarian Biology Laboratory, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Karla J Hutt
- Ovarian Biology Laboratory, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wang J, Diao Z, Zhu L, Zhu J, Lin F, Jiang W, Fang J, Xu Z, Xing J, Zhou J, Wang S, Zhang N, Chen L. Trophectoderm Mitochondrial DNA Content Associated with Embryo Quality and Day-5 Euploid Blastocyst Transfer Outcomes. DNA Cell Biol 2021; 40:643-651. [PMID: 33902329 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2020.6271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play a critical role in cell function and embryo development. Recently, increasing studies have investigated whether mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) can be used as a predictive biomarker of embryo implantation. However, the results of its effect on implantation are still controversial. To further understand the clinical application value of mtDNA content for reproductive potential, we analyzed the influence of relative mtDNA quantity on embryo quality and transfer outcomes based on the results of second-generation sequencing of preimplantation genetic testing patients in our center. Biopsied trophectoderm (TE) from aneuploid blastocysts contained much larger amounts of mtDNA than those from euploid blastocysts (p < 0.000). In an analysis of only euploid blastocysts (n = 769), female age had no effect on mtDNA content (p = 0.216). TE cells biopsied on day 5 (n = 355) contained significantly higher amounts of mtDNA compared to those biopsied on day 6 (n = 388) or day 7 (n = 26) (p < 0.000). Higher quality trophoblast was associated with lower mtDNA content (p = 0.026), but quality of inner cell mass was not correlated with quantity of mtDNA (p = 0.112). For transferred embryos, the biopsied date and mtDNA content were significantly associated with embryo implantation and live birth outcomes. Day-5 euploid blastocysts with lower quantities of mtDNA exhibited higher implantation rate and live birth rate. However, our data indicated that mtDNA content may not be considered an independent predictive marker, it may be a useful reference for the selection of day-5 transferred euploid blastocysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Center for Molecular Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhenyu Diao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Center for Molecular Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lihua Zhu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Center for Molecular Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingjing Zhu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Center for Molecular Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fei Lin
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Center for Molecular Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weihua Jiang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Center for Molecular Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junshun Fang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Center for Molecular Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhipeng Xu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Center for Molecular Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Xing
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Center for Molecular Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianjun Zhou
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Center for Molecular Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Center for Molecular Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ningyuan Zhang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Center for Molecular Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Linjun Chen
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Center for Molecular Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Stavru F, Riemer J, Jex A, Sassera D. When bacteria meet mitochondria: The strange case of the tick symbiont Midichloria mitochondrii †. Cell Microbiol 2021; 22:e13189. [PMID: 32185904 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are key eukaryotic organelles that perform several essential functions. Not surprisingly, many intracellular bacteria directly or indirectly target mitochondria, interfering with innate immunity, energy production or apoptosis, to make the host cell a more hospitable niche for bacterial replication. The alphaproteobacterium Midichloria mitochondrii has taken mitochondrial targeting to another level by physically colonising mitochondria, as shown by transmission electron micrographs of bacteria residing in the mitochondrial intermembrane space. This unique localization provokes a number of questions around the mechanisms allowing, and reasons driving intramitochondrial tropism. We suggest possible scenarios that could lead to this peculiar localization and hypothesize potential costs and benefits of mitochondrial colonisation for the bacterium and its host.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizia Stavru
- Unité de Biologie Evolutive de la Cellule Microbienne, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,CNRS ERL6002, Paris, France
| | - Jan Riemer
- Department for Chemistry, Institute for Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Aaron Jex
- Population Health and Immunity Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Davide Sassera
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Mitochondrial DNA mutations do not impact early human embryonic development. Mitochondrion 2021; 58:59-63. [PMID: 33639270 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2021.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations cause severe maternally inherited disorders, although mechanisms regulating mother-to-offspring transmission have not yet been elucidated. To investigate if mtDNA mutations affect embryonic development, we compared morphology, viability and mtDNA content in control (n = 165) and mitochondrial (n = 16) human embryos at the cleavage-stage. mtDNA copy number (CN) was assessed in one or two embryonic cells, by real-time PCR. The presence of a maternal or embryonic mtDNA mutation did not impact on either embryonic quality or viability. mtDNA CN was not altered by mtDNA mutations, suggesting that mtDNA defects do not modify mtDNA metabolism at this early stage.
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
The mitochondria, present in almost all eukaryotic cells, produce energy but also contribute to many other essential cellular functions. One of the unique characteristics of the mitochondria is that they have their own genome, which is only maternally transmitted via highly specific mechanisms that occur during gametogenesis and embryogenesis. The mature oocyte has the highest mitochondrial DNA copy number of any cell. This high mitochondrial mass is directly correlated to the capacity of the oocyte to support the early stages of embryo development in many species. Indeed, the subtle energetic and metabolic modifications that are necessary for each of the key steps of early embryonic development rely heavily on the oocyte’s mitochondrial load and activity. For example, epigenetic reprogramming depends on the metabolic cofactors produced by the mitochondrial metabolism, and the reactive oxygen species derived from the mitochondrial respiratory chain are essential for the regulation of cell signaling in the embryo. All these elements have also led scientists to consider the mitochondria as a potential biomarker of oocyte competence and embryo viability, as well as a key target for future potential therapies. However, more studies are needed to confirm these findings. This review article summarizes the past two decades of research that have led to the current understanding of mitochondrial functions in reproduction
Collapse
|
19
|
Oblong JE, Bowman A, Rovito HA, Jarrold BB, Sherrill JD, Black MR, Nelson G, Kimball AB, Birch‐Machin MA. Metabolic dysfunction in human skin: Restoration of mitochondrial integrity and metabolic output by nicotinamide (niacinamide) in primary dermal fibroblasts from older aged donors. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13248. [PMID: 32990346 PMCID: PMC7576238 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations in metabolism in skin are accelerated by environmental stressors such as solar radiation, leading to premature aging. The impact of aging on mitochondria is of interest given their critical role for metabolic output and the finding that environmental stressors cause lowered energy output, particularly in fibroblasts where damage accumulates. To better understand these metabolic changes with aging, we performed an in-depth profiling of the expression patterns of dermal genes in face, forearm, and buttock biopsies from females of 20-70 years of age that encode for all subunits comprising complexes I-V of the mitochondrial electron transport chain. This complements previous preliminary analyses of these changes. "Oxidative phosphorylation" was the top canonical pathway associated with aging in the face, and genes encoding for numerous subunits had decreased expression patterns with age. Investigations on fibroblasts from older aged donors also showed decreased gene expression of numerous subunits from complexes I-V, oxidative phosphorylation rates, spare respiratory capacity, and mitochondrial number and membrane potential compared to younger cells. Treatment of older fibroblasts with nicotinamide (Nam) restored these measures to younger cell levels. Nam increased complexes I, IV, and V activity and gene expression of representative subunits. Elevated mt-Keima staining suggests a possible mechanism of action for these restorative effects via mitophagy. Nam also improved mitochondrial number and membrane potential in younger fibroblasts. These findings show there are significant changes in mitochondrial functionality with aging and that Nam treatment can restore bioenergetic efficiency and capacity in older fibroblasts with an amplifying effect in younger cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Amy Bowman
- Dermatological SciencesTranslational and Clinical Research InstituteMedical School, Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | | | | | | | | | - Glyn Nelson
- The Bioimaging UnitWilliam Leech BuildingNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | | | - Mark A. Birch‐Machin
- Dermatological SciencesTranslational and Clinical Research InstituteMedical School, Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ji L, Liao T, Yang J, Su H, Song J, Qian K. Deep sequencing shows that accumulation of potentially pathogenic mtDNA mutations rather than mtDNA copy numbers may be associated with early embryonic loss. J Assist Reprod Genet 2020; 37:2181-2188. [PMID: 32700162 PMCID: PMC7492355 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-020-01893-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the relationship between mitochondrial DNA quantity and heteroplasmy and early embryonic loss. METHODS A total of 150 villous samples from patients with spontaneous abortion (SA, n = 75) or induced abortion (IA, n = 75) were collected. qPCR and next-generation sequencing (NGS) were used to test mitochondrial DNA quantity and heteroplasmy. Missense mutations with a CADD score > 15 and heteroplasmy ≥ 70% were defined as potentially pathogenic mutations. RESULTS With respect to mitochondrial DNA copy numbers, there was no significant difference between the SA and IA groups (median (IQR), 566 (397-791) vs. 614 (457-739); P = 0.768) or between the euploid and aneuploid groups (median (IQR), 516 (345-730) vs. 599 (423-839); P = 0.107). mtDNA copy numbers were not associated with spontaneous abortion using logistic regression analysis (P = 0.196, 95% CI 1.000-1.001). In addition, more patients harbored possibly pathogenic mtDNA mutations in their chorionic villi in the SA group (70.7%, 53/75) compared with the IA group (54.7%, 41/75; P < 0.05). However, there was no statistical difference between the euploid (80%, 24/30) and aneuploid groups (64.4%, 29/45; p = 0.147). CONCLUSION Early embryonic loss and the formation of aneuploidy were not related to mtDNA copy number. Patients with spontaneous abortion were more likely to have possibly pathogenic mutations in their mtDNA, and this may assist in purifying pathogenic mtDNA. However, whether the accumulation of these potentially morbific mtDNA mutations caused early embryonic loss requires further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Licheng Ji
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 JieFang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Tingting Liao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 JieFang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Juan Yang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 JieFang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Houming Su
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 JieFang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Jianyuan Song
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No.1 Shang Cheng Avenue, Yiwu, Zhejiang, 322000, China
| | - Kun Qian
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 JieFang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Yang Q, Cong L, Wang Y, Luo X, Li H, Wang H, Zhu J, Dai S, Jin H, Yao G, Shi S, Hsueh AJ, Sun Y. Increasing ovarian NAD + levels improve mitochondrial functions and reverse ovarian aging. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 156:1-10. [PMID: 32492457 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Loss of follicles together with decreased oocyte quality and quantity contribute to age-associated ovarian senescence and infertility. Although underlying mechanisms for ovarian senescence are still unknown, mitochondrial dysfunctions have been reported. Here, we showed age-dependent decreases in ovarian Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD+) levels in mice whereas supplementing aging mice with nicotinamide riboside (NR), an NAD+ precursor, increased ovarian NAD+ content. We found that increases in ovarian NAD+ levels in aging mice led to increased number of ovarian follicles and ovulatory potential as well as increased live birth rate. NR supplementation also reduced levels of reactive oxygen species and decreased spindle anomalies in aging oocytes, together with increased mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and decreased mitochondrial clustering. In addition, NR supplementation improved ovarian mitochondrial energy metabolism. Our data suggested that supplementation with NAD+ precursors in vivo and in vitro could be potential therapeutic approaches for treating age-related ovarian infertility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingling Yang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Provincial Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases (Reproductive Medicine) Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Engineering Laboratory of Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis and Screening, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Luping Cong
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Provincial Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases (Reproductive Medicine) Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Engineering Laboratory of Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis and Screening, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yujiao Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Provincial Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases (Reproductive Medicine) Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Engineering Laboratory of Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis and Screening, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Luo
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Provincial Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases (Reproductive Medicine) Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Engineering Laboratory of Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis and Screening, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hui Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Provincial Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases (Reproductive Medicine) Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Engineering Laboratory of Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis and Screening, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Provincial Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases (Reproductive Medicine) Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Engineering Laboratory of Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis and Screening, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Provincial Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases (Reproductive Medicine) Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Engineering Laboratory of Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis and Screening, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shanjun Dai
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Provincial Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases (Reproductive Medicine) Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Engineering Laboratory of Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis and Screening, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haixia Jin
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Provincial Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases (Reproductive Medicine) Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Engineering Laboratory of Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis and Screening, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guidong Yao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Provincial Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases (Reproductive Medicine) Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Engineering Laboratory of Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis and Screening, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Senlin Shi
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Provincial Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases (Reproductive Medicine) Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Engineering Laboratory of Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis and Screening, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Aaron J Hsueh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yingpu Sun
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Provincial Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases (Reproductive Medicine) Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Engineering Laboratory of Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis and Screening, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Evolving mtDNA populations within cells. Biochem Soc Trans 2020; 47:1367-1382. [PMID: 31484687 PMCID: PMC6824680 DOI: 10.1042/bst20190238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) encodes vital respiratory machinery. Populations of mtDNA molecules exist in most eukaryotic cells, subject to replication, degradation, mutation, and other population processes. These processes affect the genetic makeup of cellular mtDNA populations, changing cell-to-cell distributions, means, and variances of mutant mtDNA load over time. As mtDNA mutant load has nonlinear effects on cell functionality, and cell functionality has nonlinear effects on tissue performance, these statistics of cellular mtDNA populations play vital roles in health, disease, and inheritance. This mini review will describe some of the better-known ways in which these populations change over time in different organisms, highlighting the importance of quantitatively understanding both mutant load mean and variance. Due to length constraints, we cannot attempt to be comprehensive but hope to provide useful links to some of the many excellent studies on these topics.
Collapse
|
23
|
Johnston IG. Varied Mechanisms and Models for the Varying Mitochondrial Bottleneck. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:294. [PMID: 31824946 PMCID: PMC6879659 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) molecules exist in populations within cells, and may carry mutations. Different cells within an organism, and organisms within a family, may have different proportions of mutant mtDNA in these cellular populations. This diversity is often thought of as arising from a “genetic bottleneck.” This article surveys approaches to characterize and model the generation of this genetic diversity, aiming to provide an introduction to the range of concepts involved, and to highlight some recent advances in understanding. In particular, differences between the statistical “genetic bottleneck” (mutant proportion spread) and the physical mtDNA bottleneck and other cellular processes are highlighted. Particular attention is paid to the quantitative analysis of the “genetic bottleneck,” estimation of its magnitude from observed data, and inference of its underlying mechanisms. Evidence that the “genetic bottleneck” (mutant proportion spread) varies with age, between individuals and species, and across mtDNA sequences, is described. The interpretation issues that arise from sampling errors, selection, and different quantitative definitions are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iain G Johnston
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Hou HY, Wang X, Yu Q, Li HY, Li SJ, Tang RY, Guo ZX, Chen YQ, Hu CX, Yang ZJ, Zhang WK, Qin Y. Evidence that growth hormone can improve mitochondrial function in oocytes from aged mice. Reproduction 2019; 157:345-358. [PMID: 30668522 PMCID: PMC6420407 DOI: 10.1530/rep-18-0529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Decline in successful conception decreases more rapidly after 38 years of age owing to follicular depletion and decreased oocyte quality. However, limited information is available regarding the underlying mechanism and the useful treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of growth hormone supplementation on oocyte maturation in vivo in aged and young mice and to determine its effect on mitochondrial function. The influence of three different doses of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) (0.4, 0.8 and 1.6 mg/kg/day) for 8 weeks before ovarian stimulation was analyzed. Superovulated oocytes were released from the oviduct of 12-week-old and 40-week-old female C57BL/6J mice 14-16 h after administration of human chorionic gonadotropin. Ovarian follicle and morphological analysis and oocyte maturation parameters were then evaluated. This study is the first, to our knowledge, to report that medium- and high-dose rhGH significantly increases antral follicles in aged mice but anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels. Furthermore, derived oocytes, MII-stage oocyte rate, ATP levels, mitochondrial membrane potential and frequencies of homogeneous mitochondrial distribution increased. In contrast, in both aged and young mice, the mtDNA copy numbers per oocyte were similar before rhGH administration, and upon saline administration, they did not differ significantly. We conclude that medium-dose rhGH supplementation before standard ovarian stimulation regimens improves oocyte quality in aged mice, probably by enhancing mitochondrial functionality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yan Hou
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Characteristic Medical Center of PAP, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Wang
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Yu
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Yi Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Characteristic Medical Center of PAP, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Shao-Jie Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Characteristic Medical Center of PAP, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Yi Tang
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zai-Xin Guo
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Qiong Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Characteristic Medical Center of PAP, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Xiu Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Characteristic Medical Center of PAP, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Juan Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Characteristic Medical Center of PAP, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Ke Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Characteristic Medical Center of PAP, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Qin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Characteristic Medical Center of PAP, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ciesielski GL, Nadalutti CA, Oliveira MT, Jacobs HT, Griffith JD, Kaguni LS. Structural rearrangements in the mitochondrial genome of Drosophila melanogaster induced by elevated levels of the replicative DNA helicase. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 46:3034-3046. [PMID: 29432582 PMCID: PMC5887560 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathological conditions impairing functions of mitochondria often lead to compensatory upregulation of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) replisome machinery, and the replicative DNA helicase appears to be a key factor in regulating mtDNA copy number. Moreover, mtDNA helicase mutations have been associated with structural rearrangements of the mitochondrial genome. To evaluate the effects of elevated levels of the mtDNA helicase on the integrity and replication of the mitochondrial genome, we overexpressed the helicase in Drosophila melanogaster Schneider cells and analyzed the mtDNA by two-dimensional neutral agarose gel electrophoresis and electron microscopy. We found that elevation of mtDNA helicase levels increases the quantity of replication intermediates and alleviates pausing at the replication slow zones. Though we did not observe a concomitant alteration in mtDNA copy number, we observed deletions specific to the segment of repeated elements in the immediate vicinity of the origin of replication, and an accumulation of species characteristic of replication fork stalling. We also found elevated levels of RNA that are retained in the replication intermediates. Together, our results suggest that upregulation of mtDNA helicase promotes the process of mtDNA replication but also results in genome destabilization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz L Ciesielski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Center for Mitochondrial Science and Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.,Institute of Biosciences and Medical Technology, University of Tampere, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Cristina A Nadalutti
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Marcos T Oliveira
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Center for Mitochondrial Science and Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Howard T Jacobs
- Institute of Biosciences and Medical Technology, University of Tampere, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland.,Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jack D Griffith
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Laurie S Kaguni
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Center for Mitochondrial Science and Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.,Institute of Biosciences and Medical Technology, University of Tampere, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kim J, Seli E. Mitochondria as a biomarker for IVF outcome. Reproduction 2019; 157:R235-R242. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-18-0580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria play an essential role in generating energy for embryo development and maintaining embryo metabolism through key cellular functions including ion homeostasis, amino acid metabolism, glycolysis, fatty acid metabolism, signal transduction and apoptotic regulation. Recent literature suggests that mitochondrial content and function may be related to implantation success and embryo viability. Some studies have linked increased levels of mitochondrial DNA to aneuploidy, advanced maternal age and euploid blastocyst with implantation failure, while others have failed to demonstrate similar findings. This review aims to provide an overview of the current literature surrounding the possibilities of using mitochondria as an additional biomarker for infertility treatment outcome and summarize the reasons as to why there are inconsistencies in these studies.
Collapse
|
27
|
Otten ABC, Sallevelt SCEH, Carling PJ, Dreesen JCFM, Drüsedau M, Spierts S, Paulussen ADC, de Die-Smulders CEM, Herbert M, Chinnery PF, Samuels DC, Lindsey P, Smeets HJM. Mutation-specific effects in germline transmission of pathogenic mtDNA variants. Hum Reprod 2019; 33:1331-1341. [PMID: 29850888 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dey114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Does germline selection (besides random genetic drift) play a role during the transmission of heteroplasmic pathogenic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations in humans? SUMMARY ANSWER We conclude that inheritance of mtDNA is mutation-specific and governed by a combination of random genetic drift and negative and/or positive selection. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY mtDNA inherits maternally through a genetic bottleneck, but the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. Although random genetic drift is recognized as an important mechanism, selection mechanisms are thought to play a role as well. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION We determined the mtDNA mutation loads in 160 available oocytes, zygotes, and blastomeres of five carriers of the m.3243A>G mutation, one carrier of the m.8993T>G mutation, and one carrier of the m.14487T>C mutation. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Mutation loads were determined in PGD samples using PCR assays and analysed mathematically to test for random sampling effects. In addition, a meta-analysis has been performed on mutation load transmission data in the literature to confirm the results of the PGD samples. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE By applying the Kimura distribution, which assumes random mechanisms, we found that mtDNA segregations patterns could be explained by variable bottleneck sizes among all our carriers (moment estimates ranging from 10 to 145). Marked differences in the bottleneck size would determine the probability that a carrier produces offspring with mutations markedly different than her own. We investigated whether bottleneck sizes might also be influenced by non-random mechanisms. We noted a consistent absence of high mutation loads in all our m.3243A>G carriers, indicating non-random events. To test this, we fitted a standard and a truncated Kimura distribution to the m.3243A>G segregation data. A Kimura distribution truncated at 76.5% heteroplasmy has a significantly better fit (P-value = 0.005) than the standard Kimura distribution. For the m.8993T>G mutation, we suspect a skewed mutation load distribution in the offspring. To test this hypothesis, we performed a meta-analysis on published blood mutation levels of offspring-mother (O-M) transmission for the m.3243A>G and m.8993T>G mutations. This analysis revealed some evidence that the O-M ratios for the m.8993T>G mutation are different from zero (P-value <0.001), while for the m.3243A>G mutation there was little evidence that the O-M ratios are non-zero. Lastly, for the m.14487T>G mutation, where the whole range of mutation loads was represented, we found no indications for selective events during its transmission. LARGE SCALE DATA All data are included in the Results section of this article. LIMITATIONS, REASON FOR CAUTION The availability of human material for the mutations is scarce, requiring additional samples to confirm our findings. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Our data show that non-random mechanisms are involved during mtDNA segregation. We aimed to provide the mechanisms underlying these selection events. One explanation for selection against high m.3243A>G mutation loads could be, as previously reported, a pronounced oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) deficiency at high mutation loads, which prohibits oogenesis (e.g. progression through meiosis). No maximum mutation loads of the m.8993T>G mutation seem to exist, as the OXPHOS deficiency is less severe, even at levels close to 100%. In contrast, high mutation loads seem to be favoured, probably because they lead to an increased mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), a hallmark on which healthy mitochondria are being selected. This hypothesis could provide a possible explanation for the skewed segregation pattern observed. Our findings are corroborated by the segregation pattern of the m.14487T>C mutation, which does not affect OXPHOS and MMP significantly, and its transmission is therefore predominantly determined by random genetic drift. Our conclusion is that mutation-specific selection mechanisms occur during mtDNA inheritance, which has implications for PGD and mitochondrial replacement therapy. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This work has been funded by GROW-School of Oncology and Developmental Biology. The authors declare no competing interests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Auke B C Otten
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Suzanne C E H Sallevelt
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre+ (MUMC+), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Phillippa J Carling
- Department of Neuroscience, Sheffield institute for translational neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Joseph C F M Dreesen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre+ (MUMC+), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Marion Drüsedau
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre+ (MUMC+), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Sabine Spierts
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre+ (MUMC+), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Aimee D C Paulussen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre+ (MUMC+), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Mary Herbert
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Patrick F Chinnery
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Cambridge, Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - David C Samuels
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Patrick Lindsey
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Hubert J M Smeets
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Oocyte Aging: The Role of Cellular and Environmental Factors and Impact on Female Fertility. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1247:109-123. [PMID: 31802446 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2019_456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Female aging is one of the most important factors that impacts human reproduction. With aging, there is a natural decline in female fertility. The decrease in fertility is slow and steady in women aged 30-35 years; however, this decline is accelerated after the age of 35 due to decreases in the ovarian reserve and oocyte quality. Human oocyte aging is affected by different environmental factors, such as dietary habits and lifestyle. The ovarian microenvironment contributes to oocyte aging and longevity. The immediate oocyte microenvironment consists of the surrounding cells. Crosstalk between the oocyte and microenvironment is mediated by direct contact with surrounding cells, the extracellular matrix, and signalling molecules, including hormones, growth factors, and metabolic products. In this review, we highlight the different microenvironmental factors that accelerate human oocyte aging and decrease oocyte function. The ovarian microenvironment and the stress that is induced by environmental pollutants and a poor diet, along with other factors, impact oocyte quality and function and contribute to accelerated oocyte aging and diseases of infertility.
Collapse
|
29
|
Lledo B, Ortiz JA, Morales R, García-Hernández E, Ten J, Bernabeu A, Llácer J, Bernabeu R. Comprehensive mitochondrial DNA analysis and IVF outcome. Hum Reprod Open 2018; 2018:hoy023. [PMID: 30895263 PMCID: PMC6396640 DOI: 10.1093/hropen/hoy023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Do mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number and heteroplasmy in human embryos affect the ongoing pregnancy rate? SUMMARY ANSWER Our study suggests that mtDNA copy number above a specific threshold is associated with the ongoing pregnancy rate. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Mitochondria play a vital role in cell function. Recently, there has been increasing research on mtDNA as a biomarker of embryo implantation. Although reports showed that high levels of mtDNA in the blastocyst are associated with low implantation potential, other publications were unable to confirm this. Confounding factors may influence the mtDNA copy number in euploid embryos. On the other hand it has been speculated that both mtDNA heteroplasmy and copy number contribute to mitochondrial function. Next generation sequencing (NGS) allows us to study in depth mtDNA heteroplasmy and copy number simultaneously. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION A prospective non-selection study was performed. We included 159 blastocyst biopsies from 142 couples who attended our clinic for preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidies (PGT-A), from January 2017 to December 2017. All embryos were biopsied on Day 5 or Day 6. The aneuploid testing was performed by NGS. All blastocysts were diagnosed as euploid non-mosaic and were transferred. The mtDNA analysis was performed once the embryo diagnosis was known. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Sequencing reads mapping to the mtDNA genome were extracted from indexed bam files to identify copy number and heteroplasmy. The relative measure of mtDNA copy number was calculated by dividing the mtDNA reads by the nuclear DNA value to normalize for technical variants and the number of cells collected at the biopsy. All the results were subjected to a mathematical correction factor according to the embryo genome. Heteroplasmy was assigned by MitoSeek. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE The mean average copy number and SD of mtDNA per genome was 0.0016 ± 0.0012. Regarding heteroplasmy, 40 embryos were heteroplasmy carriers (26.32%). MtDNA variants were detected in coding and non-coding regions and the highest number of variants in an embryo was eight. With respect to IVF outcome for mtDNA copy number analysis, we set a threshold of 0.003 for the following analysis. The vast majority of the embryos were below the threshold (142/159, 89.31%) and 17 embryos were classified as having higher mtDNA levels. We showed a reduction in ongoing pregnancy rate associated with elevated mtDNA copy number (42.96% versus 17.65%, P < 0.05). This result was independent of maternal age and day of the biopsy: these factors were included as confounding factors because mtDNA copy number was negatively correlated with female age (25 –30 y: 0.0017 ± 0.0011, 30 –35 y: 0.0012 ± 0.0007, 35 –40 y: 0.0016 ± 0.0009, over 40 y: 0.0024 + 0.0017, P < 0.05). Embryos biopsied on Day 5 were more likely to have higher quantities of mtDNA compared with those biopsied on Day 6 (0.0017 versus 0.0009, P < 0.001). According to IVF outcome and heteroplasmy, a lower ongoing pregnancy rate was reported for embryos that carried more than two variants. However, this did not reach statistical significance when we compared embryos with a number of variants lower or higher than two (39.15 versus 20.0, P = 0.188). Finally, a clear positive association between the mtDNA variants and copy number was reported when we compare embryos with or without heteroplasmy (0.0013 ± 0.0009 versus 0.0025 ± 0.0014, P < 0.001) and among different numbers of variants (0:0.0013 ± 0.0009, 1–2:0.0023 ± 0.0012, >2:0.0043 ± 0.0014, P < 0.05). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION A limitation may be the size of the sample and the high-throughput sequencing technology that might not have detected heteroplasmy levels below 2% which requires high sequence depth A clinical randomized trial comparing the clinical outcome after the transfer of embryos selected according to mtDNA levels or only by morphological evaluation will be necessary. More research into the impact of mtDNA heteroplasmy and copy number on IVF outcome is needed. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Our results demonstrate that embryos with elevated mtDNA copy number have a lower chance of producing an ongoing pregnancy. MtDNA copy number is higher in older women and is dependent upon the number of cell divisions that preceded biopsy. Moreover, our data suggest that mitochondrial activity could be a balance between functional capacity and relative mtDNA copy number. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) There are no conflicts of interest or sources of funding to declare. Trial registration number Not applicable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Lledo
- Instituto Bernabeu Biotech, 03016 Alicante, Spain
| | - J A Ortiz
- Instituto Bernabeu Biotech, 03016 Alicante, Spain
| | - R Morales
- Instituto Bernabeu Biotech, 03016 Alicante, Spain
| | | | - J Ten
- Instituto Bernabeu of Fertility and Gynecology, Alicante, Spain
| | - A Bernabeu
- Instituto Bernabeu Biotech, 03016 Alicante, Spain
| | - J Llácer
- Instituto Bernabeu of Fertility and Gynecology, Alicante, Spain
| | - R Bernabeu
- Instituto Bernabeu Biotech, 03016 Alicante, Spain.,Instituto Bernabeu of Fertility and Gynecology, Alicante, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Griffin DK, Ogur C. Chromosomal analysis in IVF: just how useful is it? Reproduction 2018; 156:F29-F50. [PMID: 29945889 DOI: 10.1530/rep-17-0683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Designed to minimize chances of genetically abnormal embryos, preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) involves in vitro fertilization (IVF), embryo biopsy, diagnosis and selective embryo transfer. Preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) aims to avoid miscarriage and live born trisomic offspring and to improve IVF success. Diagnostic approaches include fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and more contemporary comprehensive chromosome screening (CCS) including array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH), quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR), next-generation sequencing (NGS) and karyomapping. NGS has an improved dynamic range, and karyomapping can detect chromosomal and monogenic disorders simultaneously. Mosaicism (commonplace in human embryos) can arise by several mechanisms; those arising initially meiotically (but with a subsequent post-zygotic 'trisomy rescue' event) usually lead to adverse outcomes, whereas the extent to which mosaics that are initially chromosomally normal (but then arise purely post-zygotically) can lead to unaffected live births is uncertain. Polar body (PB) biopsy is the least common sampling method, having drawbacks including cost and inability to detect any paternal contribution. Historically, cleavage-stage (blastomere) biopsy has been the most popular; however, higher abnormality levels, mosaicism and potential for embryo damage have led to it being superseded by blastocyst (trophectoderm - TE) biopsy, which provides more cells for analysis. Improved biopsy, diagnosis and freeze-all strategies collectively have the potential to revolutionize PGT-A, and there is increasing evidence of their combined efficacy. Nonetheless, PGT-A continues to attract criticism, prompting questions of when we consider the evidence base sufficient to justify routine PGT-A? Basic biological research is essential to address unanswered questions concerning the chromosome complement of human embryos, and we thus entreat companies, governments and charities to fund more. This will benefit both IVF patients and prospective parents at risk of aneuploid offspring following natural conception. The aim of this review is to appraise the 'state of the art' in terms of PGT-A, including the controversial areas, and to suggest a practical 'way forward' in terms of future diagnosis and applied research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Darren K Griffin
- School of BiosciencesCentre for Interdisciplinary Studies of Reproduction, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Cagri Ogur
- Bahceci Genetic Diagnosis Centerİstanbul, Turkey.,Department of BioengineeringYildiz Technical University, İstanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Ravichandran K, McCaffrey C, Grifo J, Morales A, Perloe M, Munne S, Wells D, Fragouli E. Mitochondrial DNA quantification as a tool for embryo viability assessment: retrospective analysis of data from single euploid blastocyst transfers. Hum Reprod 2018; 32:1282-1292. [PMID: 28387858 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dex070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Does the amount of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in blastocyst biopsy specimens have the potential to serve as a biomarker of euploid embryo implantation ability, independent of morphology? SUMMARY ANSWER The results of this study strongly suggest that elevated mtDNA levels, above a previously defined threshold, are strongly associated with blastocyst implantation failure and represent an independent biomarker of embryo viability. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Improved methods of embryo selection are highly desirable in order to increase the efficiency of IVF treatment. At present, even the transfer of chromosomally normal embryos of high morphological grade cannot guarantee that a pregnancy will follow. Recently, it has been proposed that the quantity of mtDNA in embryonic cells may be an indicator of developmental potential, with higher levels of mtDNA associated with reduced implantation. However, thus far reported data sets have been relatively small and in some cases have lacked appropriate validation. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This large, blinded, retrospective study involved the analysis of relative mtDNA levels in 1505 euploid blastocysts obtained from 490 couples undergoing preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy. Implantation outcomes were compared to mtDNA levels in order to determine the capacity of the method to predict viability and to assess the validity of previously established thresholds. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS DNA from blastocyst biopsy samples was amplified and then subjected to aneuploidy analysis using next generation sequencing or array comparative genomic hybridization. Only those embryos classified as chromosomally normal had their mtDNA levels assessed. This analysis was undertaken retrospectively using quantitative real-time PCR, without knowledge of the outcome of embryo transfer. Predictions of implantation failure, based upon mtDNA levels were subsequently compared to the observed clinical results. All cycles involved the transfer of a single embryo. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Of all blastocysts analyzed, 9.2% (139/1505) contained mtDNA levels above a previously established viability threshold and were therefore predicted to have reduced chances of implantation. To the date of analysis, 282 euploid blastocysts had been transferred with an overall implantation rate of 65.6% (185/282). Of the transferred embryos, 249 contained levels of mtDNA in the normal range, 185 of which produced a pregnancy, giving an implantation rate of 74.3% for euploid embryos with 'normal' quantities of mtDNA. However, 33 of the transferred embryos were determined to have elevated mtDNA quantities. None of these led to a pregnancy. Therefore, the negative predictive value of mtDNA assessment in this cohort was 100% (33/33). The difference between the implantation rates for embryos with normal and elevated mtDNA levels was highly significant (P < 0.0001). The mtDNA thresholds, used for classification of embryos, were unaffected by female age or the clinic in which the IVF was undertaken. The probability of an embryo having elevated levels of mtDNA was not influenced by variation in embryo morphology. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION This study provides strong evidence that mtDNA quantification can serve as a valuable tool to assist the evaluation of blastocyst viability. However, to determine the true extent of any clinical benefits, other types of investigations, such as non-selection studies and randomized controlled trials, will also be necessary. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS The results of this study suggest that mtDNA quantity can serve as an independent biomarker for the prediction of euploid blastocyst implantation potential. Prospective studies should now be undertaken to confirm these results. Additionally, investigations into the underlying biological cause(s) of elevated mtDNA levels and an enhanced understanding of how they relate to diminished implantation potential would be invaluable. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This study was supported by funding provided by Reprogenetics. None of the authors have any competing interests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Ravichandran
- Reprogenetics, A Cooper Surgical Company, 3 Regent Street, Livingston, NJ 07039, USA
| | - C McCaffrey
- NYU Langone Medical Center, 333 E 38th Street, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - J Grifo
- NYU Langone Medical Center, 333 E 38th Street, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - A Morales
- Fertility Specialists Medical Group, 8010 Frost Street, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | - M Perloe
- Georgia Reproductive Specialists, 5445 Meridian Mark Road, Atlanta, GA 30342, USA
| | - S Munne
- Reprogenetics, A Cooper Surgical Company, 3 Regent Street, Livingston, NJ 07039, USA
| | - D Wells
- Reprogenetics UK, Institute for Reproductive Sciences, Oxford Business Park North, Oxford OX4 2HW, UK.,Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - E Fragouli
- Reprogenetics UK, Institute for Reproductive Sciences, Oxford Business Park North, Oxford OX4 2HW, UK.,Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Embryonal mitochondrial DNA: relationship to embryo quality and transfer outcomes. J Assist Reprod Genet 2018; 35:871-877. [PMID: 29508122 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-018-1147-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim was to study the association between embryonal mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content and embryo quality and implantation outcomes. METHODS A retrospective chart review was performed with data collected from a private IVF center database. The study population included female infertility patients with ages ranging from 31 to 38 years old, and the main outcome measures were embryo quality and transfer outcomes. RESULTS From a total of 1510 blastocyst biopsies, the majority of embryos consisted of grade 1 (High), followed by grade 2 (mid), and grade 3 (poor). Embryos with higher mtDNA content were found to be of poorer quality (grade 3) relative to grades 1 and 2 (P = 0.003). Using a logistic model, mtDNA best predicted lowest and highest grades, but not mid-grade embryos. There was no correlation between mtDNA content and the subjects' age (R2 = 0.0018). In an analysis of only euploid embryos (N = 717), there was no longer an association between mtDNA content and embryo quality (P = 0.834). There was no difference in mtDNA content between groups of embryos that did and did not implant (P = 0.53). There was also no association noted between mtDNA content and ongoing pregnancy. Compared to day 6, day 5 blastocysts contain significantly higher amounts of mtDNA (P = 0.0005), lower rates of aneuploidy (P < 0.001), and were more likely to be high-quality blastocysts (grade 1) (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Although the mtDNA content shows some association to the morphologic grade of an embryo, this association does not persist in an analysis of only euploid embryos. Mitochondrial DNA content also does not appear to be associated with implantation or ongoing pregnancy. Day 5 blastocysts have significantly higher mtDNA content compared to day 6 blastocysts.
Collapse
|
33
|
Ho JR, Arrach N, Rhodes-Long K, Salem W, McGinnis LK, Chung K, Bendikson KA, Paulson RJ, Ahmady A. Blastulation timing is associated with differential mitochondrial content in euploid embryos. J Assist Reprod Genet 2018; 35:711-720. [PMID: 29353449 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-018-1113-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Preimplantation genetic screening (PGS) and assessment of mitochondrial content (MC) are current methods for selection of the best embryos for transfer. Studies suggest that time-lapse morphokinetics (TLM) may also be helpful for selecting embryos more likely to implant. In our study, we sought to examine the relationship between TLM parameters and MC to determine if they could be used adjunctively in embryo selection. We also examined the relationship between MC with ploidy and blastulation. METHODS Cryopreserved human embryos at the zygote stage were thawed and cultured in a time-lapse system. Blastomere and trophectoderm biopsies were performed on days 3 and 6. Biopsied cells and all whole embryos from day 6 were analyzed for MC (ratio of mitochondrial to nuclear DNA) and ploidy using next-generation sequencing. RESULTS In embryos, MC per cell declined between day 3 and day 6. While early cleavage parameters did not predict MC, embryos with longer blastulation timing had higher MC on day 6. Day 6 MC was lower in euploid vs. aneuploid embryos and lower in blastocysts vs. arrested embryos. CONCLUSIONS A lower MC at the blastocyst stage was associated with euploid status and blastocyst formation, indicating better embryo quality compared to those with a higher MC. Higher MC in aneuploid and arrested embryos may be explained by slower cell division or degradation of genomic DNA over time. Blastulation timing may be helpful for selection of higher quality embryos. Combining blastulation timing and MC along with morphologic grading and euploid status may offer a new direction in embryo selection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline R Ho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,USC Fertility Center, 1127 Wilshire Blvd, #1400, Los Angeles, CA, 90017, USA
| | - Nabil Arrach
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.,Progenesis Inc., La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Katherine Rhodes-Long
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,USC Fertility Center, 1127 Wilshire Blvd, #1400, Los Angeles, CA, 90017, USA
| | - Wael Salem
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,USC Fertility Center, 1127 Wilshire Blvd, #1400, Los Angeles, CA, 90017, USA
| | - Lynda K McGinnis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Karine Chung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,USC Fertility Center, 1127 Wilshire Blvd, #1400, Los Angeles, CA, 90017, USA
| | - Kristin A Bendikson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,USC Fertility Center, 1127 Wilshire Blvd, #1400, Los Angeles, CA, 90017, USA
| | - Richard J Paulson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,USC Fertility Center, 1127 Wilshire Blvd, #1400, Los Angeles, CA, 90017, USA
| | - Ali Ahmady
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,USC Fertility Center, 1127 Wilshire Blvd, #1400, Los Angeles, CA, 90017, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Mitochondrial DNA quantity as a biomarker for blastocyst implantation potential. Fertil Steril 2017; 108:742-747. [PMID: 29101999 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Of all the factors currently available for the evaluation of embryonic potential, chromosomal status appears to be the most definitive. The debate around this hotly contested issue does not focus on the question of whether aneuploidy is detrimental to development, but on whether current preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy methods are capable of accurately determining whether an embryo is chromosomally normal, aneuploid or a mixture of normal and abnormal cells (i.e., mosaic). Despite the importance of aneuploidy, it is clear that this is only one factor amongst many of relevance to embryo viability, as evidenced by the fact that even the transfer of a chromosomally normal embryo cannot guarantee a pregnancy. Mounting evidence supports the hypothesis that blastocysts having unusually high levels of mitochondrial DNA detected in the trophectoderm have greatly reduced implantation potential, but there remain significant areas where further validation is necessary and where our understanding is currently inadequate. This should provide fertile ground for future research and is likely to yield some fascinating insights in the coming years.
Collapse
|
35
|
What Drives Embryo Development? Chromosomal Normality or Mitochondria? Case Rep Genet 2017; 2017:4397434. [PMID: 28928993 PMCID: PMC5591909 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4397434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Revised: 06/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To report the arrest of euploid embryos with high mtDNA content. Design A report of 2 cases. Setting Private fertility clinic. Patients 2 patients, 45 and 40 years old undergoing IVF treatment. Interventions Mature oocytes were collected and vitrified from two ovarian stimulations. Postthaw, survived mature oocytes underwent fertilization by intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Preimplantation genetic screening (PGS) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number were done using next generation sequencing (NGS). The only normal embryo among the all-biopsied embryos had the highest “Mitoscore” value and was the only arrested embryo in both cases. Therefore, the embryo transfer was cancelled. Main Outcome Measures Postthaw survival and fertilization rate, embryo euploidy, mtDNA copy number, and embryo development. Results In both patients, after PGS only 1 embryo was euploid. Both embryos had the highest mtDNA copy number from all tested embryos and both embryos were arrested on further development. Conclusions These cases clearly demonstrate the lack of correlation between mtDNA value (Mitoscore) and chromosomal status of embryo.
Collapse
|
36
|
Vachin P, Adda-Herzog E, Chalouhi G, Elie C, Rio M, Rondeau S, Gigarel N, Jabot Hanin F, Monnot S, Borghese R, Bengoa J, Ville Y, Rotig A, Munnich A, Bonnefont JP, Steffann J. Segregation of mitochondrial DNA mutations in the human placenta: implication for prenatal diagnosis of mtDNA disorders. J Med Genet 2017; 55:131-136. [DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2017-104615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundMitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) disorders have a high clinical variability, mainly explained by variation of the mutant load across tissues. The high recurrence risk of these serious diseases commonly results in requests from at-risk couples for prenatal diagnosis (PND), based on determination of the mutant load on a chorionic villous sample (CVS). Such procedures are hampered by the lack of data regarding mtDNA segregation in the placenta.The objectives of this report were to determine whether mutant loads (1) are homogeneously distributed across the whole placentas, (2) correlate with those in amniocytes and cord blood cells and (3) correlate with the mtDNA copy number.MethodsWe collected 11 whole placentas carrying various mtDNA mutations (m.3243A>G, m.8344A>G, m.8993T>G, m.9185T>C and m.10197G>A) and, when possible, corresponding amniotic fluid samples (AFSs) and cord blood samples. We measured mutant loads in multiple samples from each placenta (n= 6–37), amniocytes and cord blood cells, as well as total mtDNA content in placenta samples.ResultsLoad distribution was homogeneous at the sample level when average mutant load was low (<20%) or high (>80%) at the whole placenta level. By contrast, a marked heterogeneity was observed (up to 43%) in the intermediate range (20%–80%), the closer it was to 40%–50% the mutant load, the wider the distribution. Mutant loads were found to be similar in amniocytes and cord blood cells, at variance with placenta samples. mtDNA content correlated to mutant load in m.3243A>G placentas only.ConclusionThese data indicate that (1) mutant load determined from CVS has to be interpreted with caution for PND of some mtDNA disorders and should be associated with/substituted by a mutant load measurement on amniocytes; (2) the m.3243A>G mutation behaves differently from other mtDNA mutations with respect to the impact on mtDNA copy number, as previously shown in human preimplantation embryogenesis.
Collapse
|
37
|
Modulating mitochondrial quality in disease transmission: towards enabling mitochondrial DNA disease carriers to have healthy children. Biochem Soc Trans 2017; 44:1091-100. [PMID: 27528757 PMCID: PMC4984448 DOI: 10.1042/bst20160095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
One in 400 people has a maternally inherited mutation in mtDNA potentially causing incurable disease. In so-called heteroplasmic disease, mutant and normal mtDNA co-exist in the cells of carrier women. Disease severity depends on the proportion of inherited abnormal mtDNA molecules. Families who have had a child die of severe, maternally inherited mtDNA disease need reliable information on the risk of recurrence in future pregnancies. However, prenatal diagnosis and even estimates of risk are fraught with uncertainty because of the complex and stochastic dynamics of heteroplasmy. These complications include an mtDNA bottleneck, whereby hard-to-predict fluctuations in the proportions of mutant and normal mtDNA may arise between generations. In ‘mitochondrial replacement therapy’ (MRT), damaged mitochondria are replaced with healthy ones in early human development, using nuclear transfer. We are developing non-invasive alternatives, notably activating autophagy, a cellular quality control mechanism, in which damaged cellular components are engulfed by autophagosomes. This approach could be used in combination with MRT or with the regular management, pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD). Mathematical theory, supported by recent experiments, suggests that this strategy may be fruitful in controlling heteroplasmy. Using mice that are transgenic for fluorescent LC3 (the hallmark of autophagy) we quantified autophagosomes in cleavage stage embryos. We confirmed that the autophagosome count peaks in four-cell embryos and this correlates with a drop in the mtDNA content of the whole embryo. This suggests removal by mitophagy (mitochondria-specific autophagy). We suggest that modulating heteroplasmy by activating mitophagy may be a useful complement to mitochondrial replacement therapy.
Collapse
|
38
|
Sallevelt SCEH, Dreesen JCFM, Coonen E, Paulussen ADC, Hellebrekers DMEI, de Die-Smulders CEM, Smeets HJM, Lindsey P. Preimplantation genetic diagnosis for mitochondrial DNA mutations: analysis of one blastomere suffices. J Med Genet 2017; 54:693-697. [PMID: 28668821 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2017-104633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) is a reproductive strategy for mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutation carriers, strongly reducing their risk of affected offspring. Embryos either without the mutation or with mutation load below the phenotypic threshold are transferred to the uterus. Because of incidental heteroplasmy deviations in single blastomere and the relatively limited data available, we so far preferred relying on two blastomeres rather than one. Considering the negative effect of a two-blastomere biopsy protocol compared with a single-blastomere biopsy protocol on live birth delivery rate, we re-evaluated the error rate in our current dataset. METHODS For the m.3243A>G mutation, sufficient embryos/blastomeres were available for a powerful analysis. The diagnostic error rate, defined as a potential false-negative result, based on a threshold of 15%, was determined in 294 single blastomeres analysed in 73 embryos of 9 female m.3243A>G mutation carriers. RESULTS Only one out of 294 single blastomeres (0.34%) would have resulted in a false-negative diagnosis. False-positive diagnoses were not detected. CONCLUSION Our findings support a single-blastomere biopsy PGD protocol for the m.3243A>G mutation as the diagnostic error rate is very low. As in the early preimplantation embryo no mtDNA replication seems to occur and the mtDNA is divided randomly among the daughter cells, we conclude this result to be independent of the specific mutation and therefore applicable to all mtDNA mutations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne C E H Sallevelt
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Joseph C F M Dreesen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Research School for Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Edith Coonen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Aimee D C Paulussen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Research School for Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Debby M E I Hellebrekers
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Christine E M de Die-Smulders
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Research School for Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Hubert J M Smeets
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Research School for Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick Lindsey
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Vladimirov IK, Tacheva D, Diez A. Theory about the Embryo Cryo-Treatment. Reprod Med Biol 2017; 16:118-125. [PMID: 29259458 PMCID: PMC5661807 DOI: 10.1002/rmb2.12027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To create hypothesis, which can give a logical explanation related to the benefits of freezing/thawing embryos. Cryopreservation is not only a technology used for storing embryos, but also a method of embryo treatment that can potentially improve the success rate in infertile couples. Methods From the analysis of multiple results in assisted reproductive technology, which have no satisfactory explanation to date, we found evidence to support a 'therapeutic' effect of the freezing/thawing of embryos on the process of recovery of the embryo and its subsequent implantation. Results Freezing/thawing is a way to activate the endogenous survival and repair responses in preimplantation embryos. Several molecular mechanisms can explain the higher success rate of ET using thawed embryos compared to fresh ET in women of advanced reproductive age, the higher miscarriage rate in cases of thawed blastocyst ET compared to thawed ET at early cleavage embryo, and the higher perinatal parameters of born children after thawed ET. Embryo thawing induces a stress. Controlled stress is not necessarily detrimental, because it generates a phenomenon that is counteracted by several known biological responses aimed to repair mitochondrial damage of membrane and protein misfolding. The term for favorable biological responses to low exposures to stress is called hormesis. Conclusions This thesis will summarize the role of cryopreservation in the activation of a hormetic response, preserving the mitochondrial function, improving survival, and having an impact on the process of implantation, miscarriage, and the development of pregnancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iavor K. Vladimirov
- In vitro Fertilization UnitSofia Hospital of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductive MedicineSofiaBulgaria
- Faculty of BiologySofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”SofiaBulgaria
| | - Desislava Tacheva
- In vitro Fertilization UnitSofia Hospital of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductive MedicineSofiaBulgaria
- Faculty of BiologySofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”SofiaBulgaria
| | - Antonio Diez
- IGENOMIXValenciaSpain
- Infertility InstituteINCLIVA Biomedical ResearchValenciaSpain
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyValencia UniversityValenciaSpain
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Quantitative and qualitative changes of mitochondria in human preimplantation embryos. J Assist Reprod Genet 2017; 34:573-580. [PMID: 28190213 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-017-0886-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The oxygen consumption rates (OCRs) in mice and cattle have been reported to change during preimplantation embryogenesis. On the other hand, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number has been shown to be unchanged in mice and changed in cattle and pigs. The interactions between mitochondrial functions and mtDNA copy numbers in human embryos during preimplantation development remain obscure. METHODS Sixteen oocytes and 100 embryos were used to assess mtDNA copy numbers and OCR. Three oocytes and 12 embryos were used to determine cytochrome c oxidase activity. All specimens were obtained between July 2004 and November 2014, and donated from couples after they had given informed consent. Mature oocytes and embryos at 2-14-cell, morula, and blastocyst stages were used to assess their OCR in the presence or absence of mitotoxins. The mtDNA copy number was determined using the samples after analysis of OCR. The relationships between developmental stages and OCR, and developmental stages and mtDNA copy number were analyzed. Furthermore, cytochrome c oxidase activity was determined in oocytes and 4-cell to blastocyst stage embryos. RESULTS The structure of inner mitochondrial membranes and their respiratory function developed with embryonic growth and the mtDNA copy numbers decreased transiently compared with those of oocytes. The undifferentiated state of inner cell mass cells appears to be associated with a low OCR. On the other hand, the mtDNA copy numbers increased and aerobic metabolism of mitochondria increased in trophectoderm cells. CONCLUSIONS The mitochondrial respiratory function of human embryos developed along with embryonic growth although the copy numbers of mtDNA decreased transiently before blastulation. OCRs increased toward the morula stage ahead of an increase of mtDNA at the time of blastulation. Data regarding changes in mitochondrial function and mtDNA copy number during preimplantation development of human embryos will be useful for the development of ideal culture media.
Collapse
|
41
|
Kang E, Wu J, Gutierrez NM, Koski A, Tippner-Hedges R, Agaronyan K, Platero-Luengo A, Martinez-Redondo P, Ma H, Lee Y, Hayama T, Van Dyken C, Wang X, Luo S, Ahmed R, Li Y, Ji D, Kayali R, Cinnioglu C, Olson S, Jensen J, Battaglia D, Lee D, Wu D, Huang T, Wolf DP, Temiakov D, Belmonte JCI, Amato P, Mitalipov S. Mitochondrial replacement in human oocytes carrying pathogenic mitochondrial DNA mutations. Nature 2016; 540:270-275. [PMID: 27919073 DOI: 10.1038/nature20592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Maternally inherited mitochondrial (mt)DNA mutations can cause fatal or severely debilitating syndromes in children, with disease severity dependent on the specific gene mutation and the ratio of mutant to wild-type mtDNA (heteroplasmy) in each cell and tissue. Pathogenic mtDNA mutations are relatively common, with an estimated 778 affected children born each year in the United States. Mitochondrial replacement therapies or techniques (MRT) circumventing mother-to-child mtDNA disease transmission involve replacement of oocyte maternal mtDNA. Here we report MRT outcomes in several families with common mtDNA syndromes. The mother's oocytes were of normal quality and mutation levels correlated with those in existing children. Efficient replacement of oocyte mutant mtDNA was performed by spindle transfer, resulting in embryos containing >99% donor mtDNA. Donor mtDNA was stably maintained in embryonic stem cells (ES cells) derived from most embryos. However, some ES cell lines demonstrated gradual loss of donor mtDNA and reversal to the maternal haplotype. In evaluating donor-to-maternal mtDNA interactions, it seems that compatibility relates to mtDNA replication efficiency rather than to mismatch or oxidative phosphorylation dysfunction. We identify a polymorphism within the conserved sequence box II region of the D-loop as a plausible cause of preferential replication of specific mtDNA haplotypes. In addition, some haplotypes confer proliferative and growth advantages to cells. Hence, we propose a matching paradigm for selecting compatible donor mtDNA for MRT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eunju Kang
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health &Science University, 3303 SW Bond Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA.,Division of Reproductive &Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health &Science University, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, Oregon 97006, USA
| | - Jun Wu
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Nuria Marti Gutierrez
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health &Science University, 3303 SW Bond Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA.,Division of Reproductive &Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health &Science University, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, Oregon 97006, USA
| | - Amy Koski
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health &Science University, 3303 SW Bond Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA.,Division of Reproductive &Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health &Science University, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, Oregon 97006, USA
| | - Rebecca Tippner-Hedges
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health &Science University, 3303 SW Bond Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA.,Division of Reproductive &Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health &Science University, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, Oregon 97006, USA
| | - Karen Agaronyan
- Department of Cell Biology School of Osteopathic Medicine, Rowan University, 2 Medical Center Drive, Stratford, New Jersey 08084, USA
| | - Aida Platero-Luengo
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Paloma Martinez-Redondo
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Hong Ma
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health &Science University, 3303 SW Bond Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA.,Division of Reproductive &Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health &Science University, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, Oregon 97006, USA
| | - Yeonmi Lee
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health &Science University, 3303 SW Bond Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA.,Division of Reproductive &Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health &Science University, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, Oregon 97006, USA
| | - Tomonari Hayama
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health &Science University, 3303 SW Bond Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA.,Division of Reproductive &Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health &Science University, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, Oregon 97006, USA
| | - Crystal Van Dyken
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health &Science University, 3303 SW Bond Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA.,Division of Reproductive &Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health &Science University, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, Oregon 97006, USA
| | - Xinjian Wang
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA
| | - Shiyu Luo
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA
| | - Riffat Ahmed
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health &Science University, 3303 SW Bond Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA.,Division of Reproductive &Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health &Science University, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, Oregon 97006, USA
| | - Ying Li
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health &Science University, 3303 SW Bond Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA.,Division of Reproductive &Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health &Science University, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, Oregon 97006, USA
| | - Dongmei Ji
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health &Science University, 3303 SW Bond Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA.,Reproductive Medical Centre, Anhui Medical University, No 218, Jixi Rd, Shushan District, Heifei, Anhui 230022, China
| | - Refik Kayali
- IviGen Los Angeles, 406 Amapola Avenue, Suite 215, Torrance, California 90501, USA
| | - Cengiz Cinnioglu
- IviGen Los Angeles, 406 Amapola Avenue, Suite 215, Torrance, California 90501, USA
| | - Susan Olson
- Research Cytogenetics Laboratory, Oregon Health &Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - Jeffrey Jensen
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health &Science University, 3303 SW Bond Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - David Battaglia
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health &Science University, 3303 SW Bond Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - David Lee
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health &Science University, 3303 SW Bond Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - Diana Wu
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health &Science University, 3303 SW Bond Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - Taosheng Huang
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA
| | - Don P Wolf
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health &Science University, 3303 SW Bond Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA.,Division of Reproductive &Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health &Science University, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, Oregon 97006, USA
| | - Dmitry Temiakov
- Department of Cell Biology School of Osteopathic Medicine, Rowan University, 2 Medical Center Drive, Stratford, New Jersey 08084, USA
| | - Juan Carlos Izpisua Belmonte
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Paula Amato
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health &Science University, 3303 SW Bond Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - Shoukhrat Mitalipov
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health &Science University, 3303 SW Bond Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA.,Division of Reproductive &Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health &Science University, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, Oregon 97006, USA.,Division of Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health &Science University, 3303 SW Bond Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA.,Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health &Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health &Science University, 3303 SW Bond Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
May-Panloup P, Boucret L, Chao de la Barca JM, Desquiret-Dumas V, Ferré-L'Hotellier V, Morinière C, Descamps P, Procaccio V, Reynier P. Ovarian ageing: the role of mitochondria in oocytes and follicles. Hum Reprod Update 2016; 22:725-743. [PMID: 27562289 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmw028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 301] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a great inter-individual variability of ovarian ageing, and almost 20% of patients consulting for infertility show signs of premature ovarian ageing. This feature, taken together with delayed childbearing in modern society, leads to the emergence of age-related ovarian dysfunction concomitantly with the desire for pregnancy. Assisted reproductive technology is frequently inefficacious in cases of ovarian ageing, thus raising the economic, medical and societal costs of the procedures. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONAL Ovarian ageing is characterized by quantitative and qualitative alteration of the ovarian oocyte reserve. Mitochondria play a central role in follicular atresia and could be the main target of the ooplasmic factors determining oocyte quality adversely affected by ageing. Indeed, the oocyte is the richest cell of the body in mitochondria and depends largely on these organelles to acquire competence for fertilization and early embryonic development. Moreover, the oocyte ensures the uniparental transmission and stability of the mitochondrial genome across the generations. This review focuses on the role played by mitochondria in ovarian ageing and on the possible consequences over the generations. SEARCH METHODS PubMed was used to search the MEDLINE database for peer-reviewed original articles and reviews concerning mitochondria and ovarian ageing, in animal and human species. Searches were performed using keywords belonging to three groups: 'mitochondria' or 'mitochondrial DNA'; 'ovarian reserve', 'oocyte', 'ovary' or 'cumulus cells'; and 'ageing' or 'ovarian ageing'. These keywords were combined with other search phrases relevant to the topic. References from these articles were used to obtain additional articles. OUTCOMES There is a close relationship, in mammalian models and humans, between mitochondria and the decline of oocyte quality with ageing. Qualitatively, ageing-related mitochondrial (mt) DNA instability, which leads to the accumulation of mtDNA mutations in the oocyte, plays a key role in the deterioration of oocyte quality in terms of competence and of the risk of transmitting mitochondrial abnormalities to the offspring. In contrast, some mtDNA haplogroups are protective against the decline of ovarian reserve. Quantitatively, mitochondrial biogenesis is crucial during oogenesis for constituting a mitochondrial pool sufficiently large to allow normal early embryonic development and to avoid the untimely activation of mitochondrial biogenesis. Ovarian ageing also seriously affects the dynamic nature of mitochondrial biogenesis in the surrounding granulosa cells that may provide interesting alternative biomarkers of oocyte quality. WIDER IMPLICATIONS A fuller understanding of the involvement of mitochondria in cases of infertility linked to ovarian ageing would contribute to a better management of the disorder in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pascale May-Panloup
- Laboratoire de Biologie de la Reproduction, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, 49933 Angers Cedex 9, France .,PREMMi/Pôle de Recherche et d'Enseignement en Médecine Mitochondriale, Institut MITOVASC, CNRS 6214, INSERM U1083, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Lisa Boucret
- Laboratoire de Biologie de la Reproduction, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, 49933 Angers Cedex 9, France.,PREMMi/Pôle de Recherche et d'Enseignement en Médecine Mitochondriale, Institut MITOVASC, CNRS 6214, INSERM U1083, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Juan-Manuel Chao de la Barca
- PREMMi/Pôle de Recherche et d'Enseignement en Médecine Mitochondriale, Institut MITOVASC, CNRS 6214, INSERM U1083, Université d'Angers, Angers, France.,Département de Biochimie et Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, 49933 Angers Cedex 9, France
| | - Valérie Desquiret-Dumas
- PREMMi/Pôle de Recherche et d'Enseignement en Médecine Mitochondriale, Institut MITOVASC, CNRS 6214, INSERM U1083, Université d'Angers, Angers, France.,Département de Biochimie et Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, 49933 Angers Cedex 9, France
| | - Véronique Ferré-L'Hotellier
- Laboratoire de Biologie de la Reproduction, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, 49933 Angers Cedex 9, France
| | - Catherine Morinière
- Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, 49933 Angers Cedex 9, France
| | - Philippe Descamps
- Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, 49933 Angers Cedex 9, France
| | - Vincent Procaccio
- PREMMi/Pôle de Recherche et d'Enseignement en Médecine Mitochondriale, Institut MITOVASC, CNRS 6214, INSERM U1083, Université d'Angers, Angers, France.,Département de Biochimie et Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, 49933 Angers Cedex 9, France
| | - Pascal Reynier
- PREMMi/Pôle de Recherche et d'Enseignement en Médecine Mitochondriale, Institut MITOVASC, CNRS 6214, INSERM U1083, Université d'Angers, Angers, France.,Département de Biochimie et Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, 49933 Angers Cedex 9, France
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Segregation of Naturally Occurring Mitochondrial DNA Variants in a Mini-Pig Model. Genetics 2016; 202:931-44. [PMID: 26819245 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.115.181321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The maternally inherited mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) is present in multimeric form within cells and harbors sequence variants (heteroplasmy). While a single mtDNA variant at high load can cause disease, naturally occurring variants likely persist at low levels across generations of healthy populations. To determine how naturally occurring variants are segregated and transmitted, we generated a mini-pig model, which originates from the same maternal ancestor. Following next-generation sequencing, we identified a series of low-level mtDNA variants in blood samples from the female founder and her daughters. Four variants, ranging from 3% to 20%, were selected for validation by high-resolution melting analysis in 12 tissues from 31 animals across three generations. All four variants were maintained in the offspring, but variant load fluctuated significantly across the generations in several tissues, with sex-specific differences in heart and liver. Moreover, variant load was persistently reduced in high-respiratory organs (heart, brain, diaphragm, and muscle), which correlated significantly with higher mtDNA copy number. However, oocytes showed increased heterogeneity in variant load, which correlated with increased mtDNA copy number during in vitro maturation. Altogether, these outcomes show that naturally occurring mtDNA variants segregate and are maintained in a tissue-specific manner across generations. This segregation likely involves the maintenance of selective mtDNA variants during organogenesis, which can be differentially regulated in oocytes and preimplantation embryos during maturation.
Collapse
|
44
|
Aging and the environment affect gamete and embryo potential: can we intervene? Fertil Steril 2016; 105:548-559. [PMID: 26812244 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Optimal maturation of the oocyte depends on its environment and determines embryo competence, because the embryonic genome is not active until the cleavage stage and new mitochondria are not produced until blastulation. Adverse environmental factors include aging, andropause, oxidative stress, obesity, smoking, alcohol, and psychologic stress, whereas androgen supplementation, a prudent diet, exercise, nutritional supplements, and psychologic interventions have beneficial effects. Mitochondrial function and energy production deteriorate with age, adversely affecting ovarian reserve, chromosome segregation, and embryo competence. In aging mice, the mitochondrial cofactor coenzyme Q10 reverses most of these changes. Early human experience has been encouraging, although only a small study using a shorter duration of intervention compared with the murine model has been carried out. Mitochondrial metabolic stress can result in an abnormal compensatory increase in mitochondrial DNA, which can be assessed in biopsied blastomeres of trophectoderm as a predictive biomarker of implantation failure. Psychologic stress may reduce oocyte competence by shifting blood flow away from the ovary as part of the classic "fight or flight" physiologic response, and methods to reduce stress or the body's reaction to stress improve pregnancy success. Enhancing oocyte competence is a key intervention that promises to reduce the number of euploid embryos failing to produce viable deliveries.
Collapse
|
45
|
Wilson IJ, Carling PJ, Alston CL, Floros VI, Pyle A, Hudson G, Sallevelt SCEH, Lamperti C, Carelli V, Bindoff LA, Samuels DC, Wonnapinij P, Zeviani M, Taylor RW, Smeets HJM, Horvath R, Chinnery PF. Mitochondrial DNA sequence characteristics modulate the size of the genetic bottleneck. Hum Mol Genet 2016; 25:1031-41. [PMID: 26740552 PMCID: PMC4754047 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
With a combined carrier frequency of 1:200, heteroplasmic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations cause human disease in ∼1:5000 of the population. Rapid shifts in the level of heteroplasmy seen within a single generation contribute to the wide range in the severity of clinical phenotypes seen in families transmitting mtDNA disease, consistent with a genetic bottleneck during transmission. Although preliminary evidence from human pedigrees points towards a random drift process underlying the shifting heteroplasmy, some reports describe differences in segregation pattern between different mtDNA mutations. However, based on limited observations and with no direct comparisons, it is not clear whether these observations simply reflect pedigree ascertainment and publication bias. To address this issue, we studied 577 mother–child pairs transmitting the m.11778G>A, m.3460G>A, m.8344A>G, m.8993T>G/C and m.3243A>G mtDNA mutations. Our analysis controlled for inter-assay differences, inter-laboratory variation and ascertainment bias. We found no evidence of selection during transmission but show that different mtDNA mutations segregate at different rates in human pedigrees. m.8993T>G/C segregated significantly faster than m.11778G>A, m.8344A>G and m.3243A>G, consistent with a tighter mtDNA genetic bottleneck in m.8993T>G/C pedigrees. Our observations support the existence of different genetic bottlenecks primarily determined by the underlying mtDNA mutation, explaining the different inheritance patterns observed in human pedigrees transmitting pathogenic mtDNA mutations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Phillipa J Carling
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research and
| | - Charlotte L Alston
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research and Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Vasileios I Floros
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Cambridge, UK, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Angela Pyle
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research and
| | - Gavin Hudson
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research and
| | - Suzanne C E H Sallevelt
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Research Schools GROW/CARIM, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Costanza Lamperti
- Division of Molecular Neurogenetics, National Neurological Institute 'C. Besta', Milano, Italy
| | - Valerio Carelli
- IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna, Bellaria Hospital, Bologna, Italy, Unit of Neurology, Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Laurence A Bindoff
- Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway, Department of Clinical Medicine (K1), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - David C Samuels
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA and
| | - Passorn Wonnapinij
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Massimo Zeviani
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Cambridge, UK, Division of Molecular Neurogenetics, National Neurological Institute 'C. Besta', Milano, Italy
| | - Robert W Taylor
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research and Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Hubert J M Smeets
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Research Schools GROW/CARIM, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Rita Horvath
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research and
| | - Patrick F Chinnery
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research and Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Cambridge, UK, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK,
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Autologous Germline Mitochondrial Energy Transfer (AUGMENT) in Human Assisted Reproduction. Semin Reprod Med 2015; 33:410-21. [PMID: 26574741 DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1567826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian aging is characterized by a decline in both the total number and overall quality of oocytes, the latter of which has been experimentally tied to mitochondrial dysfunction. Clinical studies in the late 1990s demonstrated that transfer of cytoplasm aspirated from eggs of young female donors into eggs of infertile women at the time of intracytoplasmic sperm injection improved pregnancy success rates. However, donor mitochondria were identified in offspring, and the United States Food and Drug Administration raised questions about delivery of foreign genetic material into human eggs at the time of fertilization. Accordingly, heterologous cytoplasmic transfer, while promising, was in effect shut down as a clinical protocol. The recent discovery of adult oogonial (oocyte-generating) stem cells in mice, and subsequently in women, has since re-opened the prospects of delivering a rich source of pristine and patient-matched germline mitochondria to boost egg health and embryonic developmental potential without the need for young donor eggs to obtain cytoplasm. Herein we overview the science behind this new protocol, which has been patented and termed autologous germline mitochondrial energy transfer, and its use to date in clinical studies for improving pregnancy success in women with a prior history of assisted reproduction failure.
Collapse
|
47
|
Cellular Heterogeneity in the Level of mtDNA Heteroplasmy in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells. Cell Rep 2015; 13:1304-1309. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
|
48
|
Diez-Juan A, Simón C. Converting a Problem into an Opportunity: mtDNA Heteroplasmy Shift. Cell Stem Cell 2015; 16:457-8. [PMID: 25957899 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2015.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The transmission of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) disease from a mother with a heteroplasmic mtDNA mutation to her children is unpredictable. In a recent issue of Cell, Reddy et al. (2015) present the potential for mitochondrial-targeted nucleases to remove mutated mtDNA through the induction of heteroplasmy shift in oocytes and zygotes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Diez-Juan
- Igenomix, Parc Cientific Valencia University, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Simón
- Igenomix, Parc Cientific Valencia University, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain; Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Infertilidad (FIVI), Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, School of Medicine, Valencia University and Instituto Universitario IVI/INCLIVA, 46015 Valencia, Spain; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Diez-Juan A, Rubio C, Marin C, Martinez S, Al-Asmar N, Riboldi M, Díaz-Gimeno P, Valbuena D, Simón C. Mitochondrial DNA content as a viability score in human euploid embryos: less is better. Fertil Steril 2015; 104:534-41.e1. [PMID: 26051102 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2015.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical relevance of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content as a viability score in human euploid embryos. DESIGN Retrospective analysis of mtDNA content of transferred euploid embryos. SETTING Reproductive genetics laboratory. PATIENT(S) Single-embryo transfer in 270 patients who underwent preimplantation genetic screening (205 day-3 blastomere biopsies, and 65 day-5 trophectoderm biopsies), and 10 patients with double-embryo transfer (male-female). INTERVENTION(S) None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Normalized mtDNA content versus nuclear DNA (nDNA) from transferred euploid embryos. RESULT(S) A high mtDNA copy number in euploid embryos is indicative of lower embryo viability and implantation. Using the normalized mtDNA content, we created the mitochondrial score or Mitoscore (Ms). Day-3 embryos with <34 (MsA) had an implantation rate (IR) of 59% (n = 51); those with 34-52 (MsB) had an IR of 44% (n = 52); those with 52-97 (MsC) had an IR of 42% (n = 50); and those with >97 (MsD) had an IR of 25% (n = 52). Embryos with Ms >160 (n = 22) never implanted. Day-5 embryos with <18.19 (MsA) had an IR of 81%; those with 18.19-24.15 (MsB) had an IR of 50% (n = 16); those with 24.15-50.58 (MsC) had an IR of 62% (n = 16); and those with levels >50.58 (MsD) had an IR of 18% (n = 17). Embryos with levels >60 (n = 7) never implanted. CONCLUSION(S) An increased amount of mtDNA in euploid embryos is related to poor implantation potential and may be indicative of reduced metabolic fuel during oocyte maturation. We are implementing Ms in our preimplantation genetic screening platform to prospectively analyze its clinical relevance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Carmen Rubio
- Igenomix Europe, Valencia, Spain; Igenomix USA, Miami, Florida
| | | | | | | | | | - Patricia Díaz-Gimeno
- Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Infertilidad (FIVI), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Valencia University and Instituto Universitario IVI/INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Carlos Simón
- Igenomix Europe, Valencia, Spain; Igenomix USA, Miami, Florida; Igenomix Brasil, São Paulo, Brazil; Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Infertilidad (FIVI), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Valencia University and Instituto Universitario IVI/INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Altered levels of mitochondrial DNA are associated with female age, aneuploidy, and provide an independent measure of embryonic implantation potential. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005241. [PMID: 26039092 PMCID: PMC4454688 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play a vital role in embryo development. They are the principal site of energy production and have various other critical cellular functions. Despite the importance of this organelle, little is known about the extent of variation in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) between individual human embryos prior to implantation. This study investigated the biological and clinical relevance of the quantity of mtDNA in 379 embryos. These were examined via a combination of microarray comparative genomic hybridisation (aCGH), quantitative PCR and next generation sequencing (NGS), providing information on chromosomal status, amount of mtDNA, and presence of mutations in the mitochondrial genome. The quantity of mtDNA was significantly higher in embryos from older women (P=0.003). Additionally, mtDNA levels were elevated in aneuploid embryos, independent of age (P=0.025). Assessment of clinical outcomes after transfer of euploid embryos to the uterus revealed that blastocysts that successfully implanted tended to contain lower mtDNA quantities than those failing to implant (P=0.007). Importantly, an mtDNA quantity threshold was established, above which implantation was never observed. Subsequently, the predictive value of this threshold was confirmed in an independent blinded prospective study, indicating that abnormal mtDNA levels are present in 30% of non-implanting euploid embryos, but are not seen in embryos forming a viable pregnancy. NGS did not reveal any increase in mutation in blastocysts with elevated mtDNA levels. The results of this study suggest that increased mtDNA may be related to elevated metabolism and are associated with reduced viability, a possibility consistent with the ‘quiet embryo’ hypothesis. Importantly, the findings suggest a potential role for mitochondria in female reproductive aging and the genesis of aneuploidy. Of clinical significance, we propose that mtDNA content represents a novel biomarker with potential value for in vitro fertilisation (IVF) treatment, revealing chromosomally normal blastocysts incapable of producing a viable pregnancy. Mitochondria are small membrane-enclosed structures and are found inside the cells of the body. Mitochondria actively participate in cellular life, and their main function is to generate energy which is used by the cell. For this reason mitochondria are considered as the powerhouses of cells. Unlike other cellular organelles, mitochondria contain their own DNA (mtDNA). MtDNA carries important genetic information concerning cellular metabolism and the generation of energy. It has been suggested that mitochondria and mtDNA could be of significance during early embryo development. Our work confirms this hypothesis. Specifically, our findings implicate mitochondria and their genome in female reproductive aging and the generation of embryonic chromosome abnormalities. Importantly, we describe a direct relationship between mtDNA quantity and the potential of an embryo to successfully become a baby. We propose that assessment of mtDNA quantity could be a novel way of identifying embryos with the highest ability to lead to healthy pregnancies and live births.
Collapse
|