1
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Generation of an induced pluripotent stem cell line from an aortic dissection patient carrying MCTP2/c.2635T > G mutation. Stem Cell Res 2023; 68:103058. [PMID: 36868039 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2023.103058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Aortic dissection (AD) is a lethal cardiovascular disease that is related to a genetic mutation. This study showed the generation of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) line (iPSC-ZPR-4-P10) from AD patients' peripheral blood mononuclear cells that carried a c.2635T > G mutation in MCTP2. The iPSC line demonstrated normal karyotype and expression of pluripotency markers, which could be an efficient tool to better investigate the mechanism of aortic dissection.
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2
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Nie S. Use of Frogs as a Model to Study the Etiology of HLHS. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2023; 10:51. [PMID: 36826547 PMCID: PMC9965361 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd10020051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
A frog is a classical model organism used to uncover processes and regulations of early vertebrate development, including heart development. Recently, we showed that a frog also represents a useful model to study a rare human congenital heart disease, hypoplastic left heart syndrome. In this review, we first summarized the cellular events and molecular regulations of vertebrate heart development, and the benefit of using a frog model to study congenital heart diseases. Next, we described the challenges in elucidating the etiology of hypoplastic left heart syndrome and discussed how a frog model may contribute to our understanding of the molecular and cellular bases of the disease. We concluded that a frog model offers its unique advantage in uncovering the cellular mechanisms of hypoplastic left heart syndrome; however, combining multiple model organisms, including frogs, is needed to gain a comprehensive understanding of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyi Nie
- School of Biological Sciences, Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
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3
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Integrated Analysis of the microRNA–mRNA Network Predicts Potential Regulators of Atrial Fibrillation in Humans. Cells 2022; 11:cells11172629. [PMID: 36078037 PMCID: PMC9454849 DOI: 10.3390/cells11172629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a form of sustained cardiac arrhythmia and microRNAs (miRs) play crucial roles in the pathophysiology of AF. To identify novel miR–mRNA pairs, we performed RNA-seq from atrial biopsies of persistent AF patients and non-AF patients with normal sinus rhythm (SR). Differentially expressed miRs (11 down and 9 up) and mRNAs (95 up and 82 down) were identified and hierarchically clustered in a heat map. Subsequently, GO, KEGG, and GSEA analyses were run to identify deregulated pathways. Then, miR targets were predicted in the miRDB database, and a regulatory network of negatively correlated miR–mRNA pairs was constructed using Cytoscape. To select potential candidate genes from GSEA analysis, the top-50 enriched genes in GSEA were overlaid with predicted targets of differentially deregulated miRs. Further, the protein–protein interaction (PPI) network of enriched genes in GSEA was constructed, and subsequently, GO and canonical pathway analyses were run for genes in the PPI network. Our analyses showed that TNF-α, p53, EMT, and SYDECAN1 signaling were among the highly affected pathways in AF samples. SDC-1 (SYNDECAN-1) was the top-enriched gene in p53, EMT, and SYDECAN1 signaling. Consistently, SDC-1 mRNA and protein levels were significantly higher in atrial samples of AF patients. Among negatively correlated miRs, miR-302b-3p was experimentally validated to suppress SDC-1 transcript levels. Overall, our results suggested that the miR-302b-3p/SDC-1 axis may be involved in the pathogenesis of AF.
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4
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Gordon DM, Cunningham D, Zender G, Lawrence PJ, Penaloza JS, Lin H, Fitzgerald-Butt SM, Myers K, Duong T, Corsmeier DJ, Gaither JB, Kuck HC, Wijeratne S, Moreland B, Kelly BJ, Garg V, White P, McBride KL. Exome sequencing in multiplex families with left-sided cardiac defects has high yield for disease gene discovery. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010236. [PMID: 35737725 PMCID: PMC9258875 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is a common group of birth defects with a strong genetic contribution to their etiology, but historically the diagnostic yield from exome studies of isolated CHD has been low. Pleiotropy, variable expressivity, and the difficulty of accurately phenotyping newborns contribute to this problem. We hypothesized that performing exome sequencing on selected individuals in families with multiple members affected by left-sided CHD, then filtering variants by population frequency, in silico predictive algorithms, and phenotypic annotations from publicly available databases would increase this yield and generate a list of candidate disease-causing variants that would show a high validation rate. In eight of the nineteen families in our study (42%), we established a well-known gene/phenotype link for a candidate variant or performed confirmation of a candidate variant’s effect on protein function, including variants in genes not previously described or firmly established as disease genes in the body of CHD literature: BMP10, CASZ1, ROCK1 and SMYD1. Two plausible variants in different genes were found to segregate in the same family in two instances suggesting oligogenic inheritance. These results highlight the need for functional validation and demonstrate that in the era of next-generation sequencing, multiplex families with isolated CHD can still bring high yield to the discovery of novel disease genes. Congenital heart disease is a common group of birth defects that are a leading cause of death in children under one year of age. There is strong evidence that genetics plays a role in causing congenital heart disease. While studies using individual cases have identified causative genes for those with a heart defect when accompanied by other birth defects or intellectual disabilities, for individuals who have only a heart defect without other problems, a genetic cause can be found in fewer than 10%. In this study, we enrolled families where there was more than one individual with a heart defect. This allowed us to take advantage of inheritance by searching for potential disease-causing genetic variants in common among all affected individuals in the family. Among 19 families studied, we were able to find a plausible disease-causing variant in eight of them and identified new genes that may cause or contribute to the presence of a heart defect. Two families had potential disease-causing variants in two different genes. We designed assays to test if the variants led to altered function of the protein coded by the gene, demonstrating a functional consequence that support the gene and variant as contributing to the heart defect. These findings show that studying families may be more effective than using individuals to find causes of heart defects. In addition, this family-based method suggests that changes in more than one gene may be required for a heart defect to occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M. Gordon
- Computational Genomics Group, The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - David Cunningham
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and The Heart Center, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Gloria Zender
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and The Heart Center, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Patrick J. Lawrence
- Computational Genomics Group, The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and The Heart Center, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jacqueline S. Penaloza
- Computational Genomics Group, The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Hui Lin
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and The Heart Center, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Sara M. Fitzgerald-Butt
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and The Heart Center, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Katherine Myers
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and The Heart Center, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Tiffany Duong
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and The Heart Center, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Donald J. Corsmeier
- Computational Genomics Group, The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey B. Gaither
- Computational Genomics Group, The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Harkness C. Kuck
- Computational Genomics Group, The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Saranga Wijeratne
- Computational Genomics Group, The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Blythe Moreland
- Computational Genomics Group, The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Benjamin J. Kelly
- Computational Genomics Group, The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | | | - Vidu Garg
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and The Heart Center, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail: (VG); (PW); (KLM)
| | - Peter White
- Computational Genomics Group, The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail: (VG); (PW); (KLM)
| | - Kim L. McBride
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and The Heart Center, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail: (VG); (PW); (KLM)
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5
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Bhatt AB, Lantin-Hermoso MR, Daniels CJ, Jaquiss R, Landis BJ, Marino BS, Rathod RH, Vincent RN, Keller BB, Villafane J. Isolated Coarctation of the Aorta: Current Concepts and Perspectives. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:817866. [PMID: 35694677 PMCID: PMC9174545 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.817866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Current management of isolated CoA, localized narrowing of the aortic arch in the absence of other congenital heart disease, is a success story with improved prenatal diagnosis, high survival and improved understanding of long-term complication. Isolated CoA has heterogenous presentations, complex etiologic mechanisms, and progressive pathophysiologic changes that influence outcome. End-to-end or extended end-to-end anastomosis are the favored surgical approaches for isolated CoA in infants and transcatheter intervention is favored for children and adults. Primary stent placement is the procedure of choice in larger children and adults. Most adults with treated isolated CoA thrive, have normal daily activities, and undergo successful childbirth. Fetal echocardiography is the cornerstone of prenatal counseling and genetic testing is recommended. Advanced 3D imaging identifies aortic complications and myocardial dysfunction and guides individualized therapies including re-intervention. Adult CHD program enrollment is recommended. Longer follow-up data are needed to determine the frequency and severity of aneurysm formation, myocardial dysfunction, and whether childhood lifestyle modifications reduce late-onset complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ami B. Bhatt
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics and Division of Cardiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Maria R. Lantin-Hermoso
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Curt J. Daniels
- Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Robert Jaquiss
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery and Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Benjamin John Landis
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Bradley S. Marino
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic Children's, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Rahul H. Rathod
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Robert N. Vincent
- Department of Pediatrics, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - Bradley B. Keller
- Cincinnati Children's Heart Institute and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- *Correspondence: Bradley B. Keller
| | - Juan Villafane
- Cincinnati Children's Heart Institute and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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6
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Téllez-Arreola JL, Martínez-Torres A, Flores-Moran AE, Lazaro-Guevara JM, Estrada-Mondragón A. Analysis of the MCTP Amino Acid Sequence Reveals the Conservation of Putative Calcium- and Lipid-Binding Pockets Within the C2 Domains In Silico. J Mol Evol 2022; 90:271-282. [PMID: 35604448 DOI: 10.1007/s00239-022-10057-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
MCTPs (Multiple C2 Domains and Transmembrane region Proteins) are evolutionarily and structurally related to other C2 proteins, which are central to exocytosis and membrane trafficking; however, their specific function has been little studied. MCTPs are associated with endosomes and the endoplasmic reticulum and possess three C2 domains (C2A-C2C) and two transmembrane regions (TMRs) well conserved in different species. Here, we generated structural models of the MCTP C2 domains of C. elegans and analyzed their putative function by docking, which revealed that these domains possess Ca2+- and lipid-binding pockets, suggesting that MCTPs play a significant, calcium-dependent role in membrane physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Téllez-Arreola
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular Y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, 76215, Juriquilla, Querétaro, México.
| | - Ataúlfo Martínez-Torres
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular Y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, 76215, Juriquilla, Querétaro, México
| | - Adriana E Flores-Moran
- Unit for Basic and Applied Microbiology, School of Natural Sciences, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Queretaro, Mexico
| | - José M Lazaro-Guevara
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Argel Estrada-Mondragón
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (BKV), Linköping University, 581 83, Linköping, Sweden.
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7
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Liu YX, Liu L, Dong Y, Zhao M, Sheng Y, Fan LL. Novel heterozygous mutation of MCTP2 gene in a patient with coarctation of the aorta. QJM 2022; 115:157-159. [PMID: 34878133 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcab310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Y-X Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Disease, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - L Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410010, China
| | - Y Dong
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Disease, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - M Zhao
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Y Sheng
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - L-L Fan
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Disease, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
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8
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Yu M, Tcheandjieu C, Georges A, Xiao K, Tejeda H, Dina C, Le Tourneau T, Fiterau M, Judy R, Tsao NL, Amgalan D, Munger CJ, Engreitz JM, Damrauer SM, Bouatia-Naji N, Priest JR. Computational estimates of annular diameter reveal genetic determinants of mitral valve function and disease. JCI Insight 2022; 7:146580. [PMID: 35132965 PMCID: PMC8855800 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.146580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The fibrous annulus of the mitral valve plays an important role in valvular function and cardiac physiology, while normal variation in the size of cardiovascular anatomy may share a genetic link with common and rare disease. We derived automated estimates of mitral valve annular diameter in the 4-chamber view from 32,220 MRI images from the UK Biobank at ventricular systole and diastole as the basis for GWAS. Mitral annular dimensions corresponded to previously described anatomical norms, and GWAS inclusive of 4 population strata identified 10 loci, including possibly novel loci (GOSR2, ERBB4, MCTP2, MCPH1) and genes related to cardiac contractility (BAG3, TTN, RBFOX1). ATAC-Seq of primary mitral valve tissue localized multiple variants to regions of open chromatin in biologically relevant cell types and rs17608766 to an algorithmically predicted enhancer element in GOSR2. We observed strong genetic correlation with measures of contractility and mitral valve disease and clinical correlations with heart failure, cerebrovascular disease, and ventricular arrhythmias. Polygenic scoring of mitral valve annular diameter in systole was predictive of risk mitral valve prolapse across 4 cohorts. In summary, genetic and clinical studies of mitral valve annular diameter revealed genetic determinants of mitral valve biology, while highlighting clinical associations. Polygenic determinants of mitral valve annular diameter may represent an independent risk factor for mitral prolapse. Overall, computationally estimated phenotypes derived at scale from medical imaging represent an important substrate for genetic discovery and clinical risk prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Catherine Tcheandjieu
- Department of Pediatrics and.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Adrien Georges
- Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, INSERM, University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Ke Xiao
- College of Information & Computer Sciences at University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Christian Dina
- University of Nantes, INSERM, CNRS, CHU Nantes, The Thorax Institute, Nantes, France
| | - Thierry Le Tourneau
- University of Nantes, INSERM, CNRS, CHU Nantes, The Thorax Institute, Nantes, France
| | - Madalina Fiterau
- College of Information & Computer Sciences at University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Renae Judy
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Noah L Tsao
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dulguun Amgalan
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.,Basic Science & Engineering Initiative & Betty Irene Moore Children's Heart Center, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Chad J Munger
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.,Basic Science & Engineering Initiative & Betty Irene Moore Children's Heart Center, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Jesse M Engreitz
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.,Basic Science & Engineering Initiative & Betty Irene Moore Children's Heart Center, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Scott M Damrauer
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nabila Bouatia-Naji
- Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, INSERM, University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - James R Priest
- Department of Pediatrics and.,Chan-Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, USA
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9
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa K Hornberger
- Fetal and Neonatal Cardiology Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Stollery Children's Hospital, Lois Hole Hospital for Women, Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Luke G Eckersley
- Fetal and Neonatal Cardiology Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Stollery Children's Hospital, Lois Hole Hospital for Women, Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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10
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Li Y, Fang M, Yang J, Yu C, Kuang J, Sun T, Fan R. Analysis of the contribution of 129 candidate genes to thoracic aortic aneurysm or dissection of a mixed cohort of sporadic and familial cases in South China. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:4281-4295. [PMID: 34150014 PMCID: PMC8205813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Thoracic aortic aneurysm or dissection (TAAD) is a group of life-threatening complex diseases after symptomatic onset with genetic heterogeneity accounting for approximately 20% of cases. Previously, we identified 40 rare variants in 11 TAAD-related core genes among 70 TAAD patients by next-generation sequencing. In this study, we further analyzed the variants in the disease-causing genes in 129 cases of sporadic TAAD and 22 familial cases by whole-exome sequencing. A total of 116 variants in 47 TAAD-related genes were identified, 64.7% (75/116) of which occurred in sporadic TAAD without syndromes, and among these genes, FBN1 was the most common TAAD-related gene. Of the 26.7% (31/116) that were pathogenic or likely pathogenic, almost one third were from sporadic cases without syndromes involving FBN1, SMAD3, SMAD6, MYH11, TGFBR1, MYLK, LOX and LTBP3. Interestingly, the novel VUS (variant of uncertain significance) *879Glu in MCTP2 occurred in two unrelated probands with sporadic acute aortic dissection without a bicuspid aortic valve. Furthermore, more than one variant was detected in 24 patients, and 70.8% (17/24) occurred in sporadic cases. Younger individuals were more likely to carry P/LP (pathogenic or likely pathogenic) variants and harbor more variants. P/LP carriers seem to have a larger aortic diameter, lower D-dimer levels, and a shorter ICU length of stay but longer hospitalization time. In conclusion, we expanded the candidate gene profile of TAAD, especially for sporadic cases without syndromic features. VUSs need further clarification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical SciencesGuangzhou, China
| | - Miaoxian Fang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical SciencesGuangzhou, China
| | - Jue Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical SciencesGuangzhou, China
| | - Changjiang Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical SciencesGuangzhou, China
| | - Juntao Kuang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical SciencesGuangzhou, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Tucheng Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical SciencesGuangzhou, China
| | - Ruixin Fan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical SciencesGuangzhou, China
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11
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Abstract
Congenital heart disease is the most common congenital defect observed in newborns. Within the spectrum of congenital heart disease are left‐sided obstructive lesions (LSOLs), which include hypoplastic left heart syndrome, aortic stenosis, bicuspid aortic valve, coarctation of the aorta, and interrupted aortic arch. These defects can arise in isolation or as a component of a defined syndrome; however, nonsyndromic defects are often observed in multiple family members and associated with high sibling recurrence risk. This clear evidence for a heritable basis has driven a lengthy search for disease‐causing variants that has uncovered both rare and common variants in genes that, when perturbed in cardiac development, can result in LSOLs. Despite advancements in genetic sequencing platforms and broadening use of exome sequencing, the currently accepted LSOL‐associated genes explain only 10% to 20% of patients. Further, the combinatorial effects of common and rare variants as a cause of LSOLs are emerging. In this review, we highlight the genes and variants associated with the different LSOLs and discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the present genetic associations. Furthermore, we discuss the research avenues needed to bridge the gaps in our current understanding of the genetic basis of nonsyndromic congenital heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Parker
- Division of Cardiology Department of Pediatrics Duke University School of Medicine Durham NC
| | - Andrew P Landstrom
- Division of Cardiology Department of Pediatrics Duke University School of Medicine Durham NC.,Department of Cell Biology Duke University School of Medicine Durham NC
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12
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Spector JD, Wiita AP. A Guide to Using ClinTAD for Interpretation of DNA Copy Number Variants in the Context of Topologically Associated Domains. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 108:e106. [PMID: 33170544 DOI: 10.1002/cphg.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
DNA copy number variants (CNVs) are routinely evaluated as part of clinical diagnosis in both the prenatal and postnatal genetic settings. Current guidelines for interpreting the potential clinical significance of these CNVs, typically identified by chromosomal microarray, focus entirely on genes localized within the CNV region. However, recent work has suggested that some CNVs can actually produce clinical impacts by influencing transcription of genes outside the CNV region. These alterations of transcription appear to occur by disrupting the composition of DNA topologically associated domains (TADs), which strongly influence contacts between gene promoters and their associated enhancers. Here we present a set of detailed protocols for the use of the free software tool ClinTAD (https://www.clintad.com). This decision-support software allows for prediction as to whether a given CNV may potentially disrupt a TAD boundary, and offers phenotype matching to genes near, but not within the CNV region, whose expression could be influenced by altered TAD architecture and that have phenotypic impacts related to that reported in a given patient. Our protocols here provide specific examples of how to implement these tools. In addition, the software has the capability to impact genomic research by evaluating multiple cases in parallel. We propose that this decision-support tool can benefit and improve genetic diagnosis. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Evaluating a single case using ClinTAD Basic Protocol 2: Evaluating a single case with multiple variants using ClinTAD Basic Protocol 3: Evaluating multiple cases using ClinTAD Basic Protocol 4: Creating tracks with custom data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob D Spector
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Laboratory Medicine, San Francisco, California
| | - Arun P Wiita
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Laboratory Medicine, San Francisco, California
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13
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Téllez-Arreola JL, Silva M, Martínez-Torres A. MCTP-1 modulates neurotransmitter release in C. elegans. Mol Cell Neurosci 2020; 107:103528. [PMID: 32650044 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2020.103528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple C2 and Transmembrane Domain Proteins (MCTPs) are putative calcium sensors. Proteins that contain C2 domains play essential roles in membrane trafficking and exocytosis; however, MCTPs functions in neurotransmitter release are not known. Here we report that in C. elegans mctp-1 is under the control of two promoters - one active in the nervous system and the second in the spermatheca. We generated and characterized a loss of function amt1 mutant and compared it to a previously published loss of function mutant (av112). Loss of mctp-1 function causes defects in egg-laying, crawling velocity, and thrashing rates. Both amt1 and av112 mutants are hyposensitive to the acetylcholinesterase blocker aldicarb, suggesting that MCTP-1 may play a role in synaptic vesicle release.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Téllez-Arreola
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, C.P. 76215 Juriquilla, Querétaro, México; School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, United States
| | - Malan Silva
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, United States
| | - Ataúlfo Martínez-Torres
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, C.P. 76215 Juriquilla, Querétaro, México.
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14
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Abstract
Aortic coarctation is a discrete narrowing of the thoracic aorta. In addition to anatomic obstruction, it can be considered an aortopathy with abnormal vascular properties characterized by stiffness and impaired relaxation. There are surgical and transcatheter techniques to address the obstruction but, despite relief, patients with aortic coarctation are at risk for hypertension, aortic complications, and abnormalities with left ventricular performance. This review covers the etiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of adults with aortic coarctation, with emphasis on multimodality imaging characteristics and lifelong surveillance to identify long-term complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuli Y Kim
- Philadelphia Adult Congenital Heart Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Penn Medicine and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Lauren Andrade
- Philadelphia Adult Congenital Heart Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Penn Medicine and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Stephen C Cook
- Adult Congenital Heart Disease Program, Congenital Heart Center, Helen DeVos Children's Hospital, Frederik Meijer Heart & Vascular Institute, Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University, 25 Michigan Street NE Suite 4200, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
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15
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Espino-Saldaña AE, Durán-Ríos K, Olivares-Hernandez E, Rodríguez-Ortiz R, Arellano-Carbajal F, Martínez-Torres A. Temporal and spatial expression of zebrafish mctp genes and evaluation of frameshift alleles of mctp2b. Gene 2020; 738:144371. [PMID: 32001375 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
MCTPs (multiple C2 domain proteins with two transmembrane regions) have been proposed as novel endoplasmic reticulum calcium sensors; however, their function remains largely unknown. Here we report the structure of the four mctp genes from zebrafish (mctp1a, mctp1b, mctp2a and mctp2b), their diversity, expression pattern during embryonic development and in adult tissue and the effect of knocking down the expression of Mctp2b by CRISPR/Cas9. The four mctp genes are expressed from early development and exhibit differential expression patterns but are found mainly in the nervous and muscular systems. Mctp2b tagged with fluorescent proteins and expressed in HEK-293 cells and neurons of the fish spinal cord localized mostly in the endoplasmic reticulum but also in lysosomes and late and recycling endosomes. Knocking down mctp2b expression impaired embryonic development, suggesting that the functional participation of this gene is relevant, at least during the early stages of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeles E Espino-Saldaña
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Laboratorio de Neurobiología Molecular y Celular, Juriquilla, Querétaro, 76230, Mexico; Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Av. de las Ciencias S/N, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Karina Durán-Ríos
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Laboratorio de Neurobiología Molecular y Celular, Juriquilla, Querétaro, 76230, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Olivares-Hernandez
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Laboratorio de Neurobiología Molecular y Celular, Juriquilla, Querétaro, 76230, Mexico
| | - Roberto Rodríguez-Ortiz
- CONACYT- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Laboratorio de Neurobiología Molecular y Celular, Juriquilla, Querétaro, 76230, Mexico
| | - Fausto Arellano-Carbajal
- Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Av. de las Ciencias S/N, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Ataulfo Martínez-Torres
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Laboratorio de Neurobiología Molecular y Celular, Juriquilla, Querétaro, 76230, Mexico.
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16
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Lalani SR. Other genomic disorders and congenital heart disease. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART C-SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2020; 184:107-115. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seema R. Lalani
- Department of Molecular and Human GeneticsBaylor College of Medicine Houston Texas
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17
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Parente DJ, Morris SM, McKinstry RC, Brandt T, Gabau E, Ruiz A, Shinawi M. Sorting nexin 27 (SNX27) variants associated with seizures, developmental delay, behavioral disturbance, and subcortical brain abnormalities. Clin Genet 2019; 97:437-446. [PMID: 31721175 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Sorting nexin 27 (SNX27) influences the composition of the cellular membrane via regulation of selective endosomal recycling. Molecular analysis indicates that SNX27 regulates numerous cellular processes through promiscuous interactions with its receptor cargos. SNX27 deficient (Snx27 -/- ) mice exhibit reduced embryonic survival, marked postnatal growth restriction and lethality. Haploinsufficient mice (Snx27 +/- ) show a less severe phenotype, with deficits in learning, memory, synaptic transmission and neuronal plasticity. One family previously reported with a homozygous SNX27 frameshift variant (c.515_516del;p.His172Argfs*6), exhibited infantile intractable myoclonic epilepsy, axial hypotonia, startle-like movements, cardiac septal defects, global developmental delay, failure to thrive, recurrent chest infections, persistent hypoxemia and early death secondary to respiratory failure. Here, we report two additional patients with compound heterozygous SNX27 variants, that are predicted to be damaging: (a) c.510C>G;p.Tyr170* and c.1295G>A;p.Cys432Tyr, and (b) c.782dupT;p.Leu262Profs*6 and c.989G>A;p.Arg330His. They exhibit global developmental delay, behavioral disturbance, epilepsy, some dysmorphic features and subcortical white matter abnormalities. In addition, possible connective tissue involvement was noted. Epilepsy, developmental delays and subcortical white matter abnormalities appear to be core features of SNX27-related disorders. We correlate the observed phenotype with available in vitro, in vivo and proteomic data and suggest additional possible molecular mediators of SNX27-related pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Parente
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Stephanie M Morris
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Robert C McKinstry
- Pediatric Radiology and Pediatric Neuroradiology, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | | | - Elisabeth Gabau
- Paediatric Unit, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí I3PT, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Sabadell, Spain
| | - Anna Ruiz
- Genetics Laboratory, UDIAT-Centre Diagnòstic, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí I3PT, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Sabadell, Spain
| | - Marwan Shinawi
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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18
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Bjornsson T, Thorolfsdottir RB, Sveinbjornsson G, Sulem P, Norddahl GL, Helgadottir A, Gretarsdottir S, Magnusdottir A, Danielsen R, Sigurdsson EL, Adalsteinsdottir B, Gunnarsson SI, Jonsdottir I, Arnar DO, Helgason H, Gudbjartsson T, Gudbjartsson DF, Thorsteinsdottir U, Holm H, Stefansson K. A rare missense mutation in MYH6 associates with non-syndromic coarctation of the aorta. Eur Heart J 2019; 39:3243-3249. [PMID: 29590334 PMCID: PMC6127890 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Coarctation of the aorta (CoA) accounts for 4–8% of congenital heart defects (CHDs) and confers substantial morbidity despite treatment. It is increasingly recognized as a highly heritable condition. The aim of the study was to search for sequence variants that affect the risk of CoA. Methods and results We performed a genome-wide association study of CoA among Icelanders (120 cases and 355 166 controls) based on imputed variants identified through whole-genome sequencing. We found association with a rare (frequency = 0.34%) missense mutation p.Arg721Trp in MYH6 (odds ratio = 44.2, P = 5.0 × 10−22), encoding the alpha-heavy chain subunit of cardiac myosin, an essential sarcomere protein. Approximately 20% of individuals with CoA in Iceland carry this mutation. We show that p.Arg721Trp also associates with other CHDs, in particular bicuspid aortic valve. We have previously reported broad effects of p.Arg721Trp on cardiac electrical function and strong association with sick sinus syndrome and atrial fibrillation. Conclusion Through a population approach, we found that a rare missense mutation p.Arg721Trp in the sarcomere gene MYH6 has a strong effect on the risk of CoA and explains a substantial fraction of the Icelanders with CoA. This is the first mutation associated with non-familial or sporadic form of CoA at a population level. The p.Arg721Trp in MYH6 causes a cardiac syndrome with highly variable expressivity and emphasizes the importance of sarcomere integrity for cardiac development and function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Patrick Sulem
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | | | | | - Ragnar Danielsen
- Department of Medicine, Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Hringbraut, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Emil L Sigurdsson
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Iceland, Vatnsmyrarvegur 16, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Department of Development, Primary Health Care of the Capital Area, Alfabakki 16, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Berglind Adalsteinsdottir
- Department of Cardiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Lies vei 83, Bergen, Norway.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Vatnsmyrarvegur 16, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Sverrir I Gunnarsson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ingileif Jonsdottir
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Vatnsmyrarvegur 16, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Department of Immunology, Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Hringbraut, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - David O Arnar
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Department of Medicine, Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Hringbraut, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Vatnsmyrarvegur 16, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Hrodmar Helgason
- Children's Hospital, Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Hringbraut, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Tomas Gudbjartsson
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Vatnsmyrarvegur 16, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Hringbraut, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Daniel F Gudbjartsson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik, Iceland.,School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Hjardarhagi 4, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Vatnsmyrarvegur 16, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Hilma Holm
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Vatnsmyrarvegur 16, Reykjavik, Iceland
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19
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Gallana M, Utsunomiya YT, Dolf G, Pintor Torrecilha RB, Falbo AK, Jagannathan V, Leeb T, Reichler I, Sölkner J, Schelling C. Genome-wide association study and heritability estimate for ectopic ureters in Entlebucher mountain dogs. Anim Genet 2018; 49:645-650. [PMID: 30276844 DOI: 10.1111/age.12728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An ectopic ureter is a congenital anomaly which may lead to urinary incontinence and without a surgical intervention even to end-stage kidney disease. A genetic component contributes to the development of this anomaly in Entlebucher mountain dogs (EMD); however, its nature remains unclear. Using the Illumina CanineHD bead chip, a case-control genome-wide association study was performed to identify SNPs associated with the trait. Six loci on canine chromosomes 3, 17, 27 and 30 were identified with 16 significantly associated SNPs. There was no single outstanding SNP associated with the phenotype, and the association signals were not close to known genes involved in human congenital anomalies of the kidney or lower urinary tract. Additional research will be necessary to elucidate the potential role of the associated genes in the development of ectopic ureters in the EMD breed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gallana
- Clinic for Reproductive Medicine, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Y T Utsunomiya
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Reproduction, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), 14884-900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - G Dolf
- Vetsuisse-Faculty, Institute of Genetics, University of Bern, Bremgartenstrasse 109a, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - R B Pintor Torrecilha
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Reproduction, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), 14884-900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A-K Falbo
- Clinic for Reproductive Medicine, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - V Jagannathan
- Vetsuisse-Faculty, Institute of Genetics, University of Bern, Bremgartenstrasse 109a, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - T Leeb
- Vetsuisse-Faculty, Institute of Genetics, University of Bern, Bremgartenstrasse 109a, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - I Reichler
- Clinic for Reproductive Medicine, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - J Sölkner
- Division of Livestock Sciences, Department of Sustainable Agricultural Systems, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Gregor Mendel Straße 33, 1180, Vienna, Austria
| | - C Schelling
- Vetsuisse-Faculty, Clinic for Reproductive Medicine and Center of Clinical Studies, University of Zurich, Eschikon 27, EHB F 22.1, 8315, Lindau, Switzerland
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20
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Genetic testing for coarctation of aorta. THE EUROBIOTECH JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.2478/ebtj-2018-0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Coarctation of the aorta (CoA) is an inherited narrowing of the proximal descending thoracic aorta. Histological features include localized medial thickening and infolding with superimposed neointimal tissue. CoA is diagnosed by detection of a murmur or hypertension during routine examination. Typical clinical features are delayed or absent femoral pulses and difference in blood pressure between the arm and legs. These symptoms may appear in the first weeks of life or after the neonatal period. CoA accounts for 4-6% of all congenital heart defects and has a reported prevalence of about 4 per 10,000 live births. It is more common in males than females (59% vs 41%). This Utility Gene Test was developed on the basis of an analysis of the literature and existing diagnostic protocols. It is useful for confirming diagnosis, as well as for differential diagnosis, couple risk assessment and access to clinical trials.
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21
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Makhanova N, Morgan AP, Kayashima Y, Makhanov A, Hiller S, Zhilicheva S, Xu L, Pardo-Manuel de Villena F, Maeda N. Genetic architecture of atherosclerosis dissected by QTL analyses in three F2 intercrosses of apolipoprotein E-null mice on C57BL6/J, DBA/2J and 129S6/SvEvTac backgrounds. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182882. [PMID: 28837567 PMCID: PMC5570285 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analyses of intercross populations between widely used mouse inbred strains provide a powerful approach for uncovering genetic factors that influence susceptibility to atherosclerosis. Epistatic interactions are common in complex phenotypes and depend on genetic backgrounds. To dissect genetic architecture of atherosclerosis, we analyzed F2 progeny from a cross between apolipoprotein E-null mice on DBA/2J (DBA-apoE) and C57BL/6J (B6-apoE) genetic backgrounds and compared the results with those from two previous F2 crosses of apolipoprotein E-null mice on 129S6/SvEvTac (129-apoE) and DBA-apoE backgrounds, and B6-apoE and 129-apoE backgrounds. In these round-robin crosses, in which each parental strain was crossed with two others, large-effect QTLs are expected to be detectable at least in two crosses. On the other hand, observation of QTLs in one cross only may indicate epistasis and/or absence of statistical power. For atherosclerosis at the aortic arch, Aath4 on chromosome (Chr)2:66 cM follows the first pattern, with significant QTL peaks in (DBAx129)F2 and (B6xDBA)F2 mice but not in (B6x129)F2 mice. We conclude that genetic variants unique to DBA/2J at Aath4 confer susceptibility to atherosclerosis at the aortic arch. A similar pattern was observed for Aath5 on chr10:35 cM, verifying that the variants unique to DBA/2J at this locus protect against arch plaque development. However, multiple loci, including Aath1 (Chr1:49 cM), and Aath2 (Chr1:70 cM) follow the second type of pattern, showing significant peaks in only one of the three crosses (B6-apoE x 129-apoE). As for atherosclerosis at aortic root, the majority of QTLs, including Ath29 (Chr9:33 cM), Ath44 (Chr1:68 cM) and Ath45 (Chr2:83 cM), was also inconsistent, being significant in only one of the three crosses. Only the QTL on Chr7:37 cM was consistently suggestive in two of the three crosses. Thus QTL analysis of round-robin crosses revealed the genetic architecture of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Makhanova
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States of America
| | - Andrew P. Morgan
- Department of Genetics and the Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States of America
| | - Yukako Kayashima
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States of America
| | - Andrei Makhanov
- College of Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, United States of America
| | - Sylvia Hiller
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States of America
| | - Svetlana Zhilicheva
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States of America
| | - Longquan Xu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States of America
| | - Fernando Pardo-Manuel de Villena
- Department of Genetics and the Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States of America
| | - Nobuyo Maeda
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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22
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Yokoyama U, Ichikawa Y, Minamisawa S, Ishikawa Y. Pathology and molecular mechanisms of coarctation of the aorta and its association with the ductus arteriosus. J Physiol Sci 2017; 67:259-270. [PMID: 28000176 PMCID: PMC10717425 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-016-0512-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Coarctation of the aorta (CoA) is defined as a congenital stenosis of the thoracic aorta and is one of the most common congenital cardiovascular diseases. Despite successful surgical treatment for CoA, arterial abnormalities, including refractory hypertension, aortic aneurysm, and proatherogenic phenotypic changes, frequently affect patients' quality of life. Emerging evidence from morphological and molecular biological investigations suggest that the area of CoA is characterized by phenotypic modulation of smooth muscle cells, intimal thickening, and impaired elastic fiber formation. These changes extend to the pre-and post-stenotic aorta and impair arterial elasticity. The aim of this review is to present current findings on the pathology and molecular mechanisms of vascular remodeling due to CoA. In particular, we will discuss the association between CoA and the ductus arteriosus since the most common site for the stenosis is in the proximity of the ductus arteriosus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utako Yokoyama
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Yasuhiro Ichikawa
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Susumu Minamisawa
- The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ishikawa
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan.
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23
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Lurier EB, Dalton D, Dampier W, Raman P, Nassiri S, Ferraro NM, Rajagopalan R, Sarmady M, Spiller KL. Transcriptome analysis of IL-10-stimulated (M2c) macrophages by next-generation sequencing. Immunobiology 2017; 222:847-856. [PMID: 28318799 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Alternatively activated "M2" macrophages are believed to function during late stages of wound healing, behaving in an anti-inflammatory manner to mediate the resolution of the pro-inflammatory response caused by "M1" macrophages. However, the differences between two main subtypes of M2 macrophages, namely interleukin-4 (IL-4)-stimulated "M2a" macrophages and IL-10-stimulated "M2c" macrophages, are not well understood. M2a macrophages are characterized by their ability to inhibit inflammation and contribute to the stabilization of angiogenesis. However, the role and temporal profile of M2c macrophages in wound healing are not known. Therefore, we performed next generation sequencing (RNA-seq) to identify biological functions and gene expression signatures of macrophages polarized in vitro with IL-10 to the M2c phenotype in comparison to M1 and M2a macrophages and an unactivated control (M0). We then explored the expression of these gene signatures in a publicly available data set of human wound healing. RNA-seq analysis showed that hundreds of genes were upregulated in M2c macrophages compared to the M0 control, with thousands of alternative splicing events. Following validation by Nanostring, 39 genes were found to be upregulated by M2c macrophages compared to the M0 control, and 17 genes were significantly upregulated relative to the M0, M1, and M2a phenotypes (using an adjusted p-value cutoff of 0.05 and fold change cutoff of 1.5). Many of the identified M2c-specific genes are associated with angiogenesis, matrix remodeling, and phagocytosis, including CD163, MMP8, TIMP1, VCAN, SERPINA1, MARCO, PLOD2, PCOCLE2 and F5. Analysis of the macrophage-conditioned media for secretion of matrix-remodeling proteins showed that M2c macrophages secreted higher levels of MMP7, MMP8, and TIMP1 compared to the other phenotypes. Interestingly, temporal gene expression analysis of a publicly available microarray data set of human wound healing showed that M2c-related genes were upregulated at early times after injury, similar to M1-related genes, while M2a-related genes appeared at later stages or were downregulated after injury. While further studies are required to confirm the timing and role of M2c macrophages in vivo, these results suggest that M2c macrophages may function at early stages of wound healing. Identification of markers of the M2c phenotype will allow more detailed investigations into the role of M2c macrophages in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily B Lurier
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Donald Dalton
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Will Dampier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N Broad St. Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Pichai Raman
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Deparment of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sina Nassiri
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Nicole M Ferraro
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ramakrishan Rajagopalan
- Deparment of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Mahdi Sarmady
- Division of Genomic Diagnostics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Kara L Spiller
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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24
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Helm BM, Freeze SL. Genetic Evaluation and Use of Chromosome Microarray in Patients with Isolated Heart Defects: Benefits and Challenges of a New Model in Cardiovascular Care. Front Cardiovasc Med 2016; 3:19. [PMID: 27379245 PMCID: PMC4905945 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2016.00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are common birth defects and result in significant morbidity and global economic impact. Genetic factors play a role in most CHDs; however, identification of these factors has been historically slow due to technological limitations and incomplete understanding of the impact of human genomic variation on normal and abnormal cardiovascular development. The advent of chromosome microarray (CMA) brought tremendous gains in identifying chromosome abnormalities in a variety of human disorders and is now considered part of a standard evaluation for individuals with multiple congenital anomalies and/or neurodevelopmental disorders. Several studies investigating use of CMA found that this technology can identify pathogenic copy-number variations (CNVs) in up to 15-20% of patients with CHDs with other congenital anomalies. However, there have been fewer studies exploring the use of CMA for patients with isolated CHDs. Recent studies have shown that the diagnostic yield of CMA in individuals with seemingly isolated CHD is lower than in individuals with CHDs and additional anomalies. Nevertheless, positive CMA testing in this group supports chromosome variation as one mechanism underlying the development of isolated, non-syndromic CHD - either as a causative or risk-influencing genetic factor. CMA has also identified novel genomic variation in CHDs, shedding light on candidate genes and pathways involved in cardiac development and malformations. Additional studies are needed to further address this issue. Early genetic diagnosis can enhance the medical management of patients and potentially provide crucial information about recurrence. This information is critical for genetic counseling of patients and family members. In this review, we review CMA for the non-genetics cardiology provider, offer a summary of CNV in isolated CHDs, and advocate for the use of CMA as part of the cardiovascular genetics evaluation of patients with isolated CHDs. We also provide perspective regarding the benefits and challenges that lie ahead for this model in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M Helm
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, IU Health , Indianapolis, IN , USA
| | - Samantha L Freeze
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, IU Health , Indianapolis, IN , USA
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25
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A Matter of the Heart: The African Clawed Frog Xenopus as a Model for Studying Vertebrate Cardiogenesis and Congenital Heart Defects. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2016; 3:jcdd3020021. [PMID: 29367567 PMCID: PMC5715680 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd3020021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The African clawed frog, Xenopus, is a valuable non-mammalian model organism to investigate vertebrate heart development and to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms of human congenital heart defects (CHDs). In this review, we outline the similarities between Xenopus and mammalian cardiogenesis, and provide an overview of well-studied cardiac genes in Xenopus, which have been associated with congenital heart conditions. Additionally, we highlight advantages of modeling candidate genes derived from genome wide association studies (GWAS) in Xenopus and discuss commonly used techniques.
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26
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Azamian M, Lalani SR. Cytogenomic Aberrations in Congenital Cardiovascular Malformations. Mol Syndromol 2016; 7:51-61. [PMID: 27385961 DOI: 10.1159/000445788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital cardiovascular malformations are the most common birth defects, with a complex multifactorial etiology. Genetic factors play an important role, illuminated by numerous cytogenetically visible abnormalities, as well as submicroscopic genomic imbalances affecting critical genomic regions in the affected individuals. Study of rare families with Mendelian forms, as well as emerging next-generation sequencing technologies have uncovered a multitude of genes relevant for human congenital cardiac diseases. It is clear that the complex embryology of human cardiac development, with an orchestrated interplay of transcription factors, chromatin regulators, and signal transduction pathway molecules can be easily perturbed by genomic imbalances affecting dosage-sensitive regions. This review focuses on chromosomal abnormalities contributing to congenital heart diseases and underscores several genomic disorders linked to human cardiac malformations in the last few decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahshid Azamian
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex., USA
| | - Seema R Lalani
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex., USA
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27
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Hinton RB, McBride KL, Bleyl SB, Bowles NE, Border WL, Garg V, Smolarek TA, Lalani SR, Ware SM. Rationale for the Cytogenomics of Cardiovascular Malformations Consortium: A Phenotype Intensive Registry Based Approach. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2015; 2:76-92. [PMID: 29371513 PMCID: PMC5753096 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd2020076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular malformations (CVMs) are the most common birth defect, occurring in 1%–5% of all live births. Although the genetic contribution to CVMs is well recognized, the genetic causes of human CVMs are identified infrequently. In addition, a failure of systematic deep phenotyping of CVMs, resulting from the complexity and heterogeneity of malformations, has obscured genotype-phenotype correlations and contributed to a lack of understanding of disease mechanisms. To address these knowledge gaps, we have developed the Cytogenomics of Cardiovascular Malformations (CCVM) Consortium, a multi-site alliance of geneticists and cardiologists, contributing to a database registry of submicroscopic genetic copy number variants (CNVs) based on clinical chromosome microarray testing in individuals with CVMs using detailed classification schemes. Cardiac classification is performed using a modification to the National Birth Defects Prevention Study approach, and non-cardiac diagnoses are captured through ICD-9 and ICD-10 codes. By combining a comprehensive approach to clinically relevant genetic analyses with precise phenotyping, the Consortium goal is to identify novel genomic regions that cause or increase susceptibility to CVMs and to correlate the findings with clinical phenotype. This registry will provide critical insights into genetic architecture, facilitate genotype-phenotype correlations, and provide a valuable resource for the medical community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert B Hinton
- Divisions of Cardiology and Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
| | - Kim L McBride
- Center for Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research and Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43205, USA.
| | - Steven B Bleyl
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA.
| | - Neil E Bowles
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA.
| | - William L Border
- Division of Cardiology, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Vidu Garg
- Center for Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research and Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43205, USA.
| | - Teresa A Smolarek
- Divisions of Cardiology and Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
| | - Seema R Lalani
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Stephanie M Ware
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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28
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Ciocca L, Digilio MC, Lombardo A, D'Elia G, Baban A, Capolino R, Petrocchi S, Russo S, Sirleto P, Roberti MC, Marino B, Angioni A, Dallapiccola B. Hypoplastic left heart syndrome and 21q22.3 deletion. Am J Med Genet A 2015; 167A:579-86. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ciocca
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics; Medical Genetics and Pediatric Cardiology; Bambino Gesù Paediatric Hospital; IRCCS; Rome Italy
| | - M. Cristina Digilio
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics; Medical Genetics and Pediatric Cardiology; Bambino Gesù Paediatric Hospital; IRCCS; Rome Italy
| | - Antonietta Lombardo
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics; Medical Genetics and Pediatric Cardiology; Bambino Gesù Paediatric Hospital; IRCCS; Rome Italy
| | - Gemma D'Elia
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics; Medical Genetics and Pediatric Cardiology; Bambino Gesù Paediatric Hospital; IRCCS; Rome Italy
| | - Anwar Baban
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics; Medical Genetics and Pediatric Cardiology; Bambino Gesù Paediatric Hospital; IRCCS; Rome Italy
| | - Rossella Capolino
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics; Medical Genetics and Pediatric Cardiology; Bambino Gesù Paediatric Hospital; IRCCS; Rome Italy
| | - Stefano Petrocchi
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics; Medical Genetics and Pediatric Cardiology; Bambino Gesù Paediatric Hospital; IRCCS; Rome Italy
| | - Serena Russo
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics; Medical Genetics and Pediatric Cardiology; Bambino Gesù Paediatric Hospital; IRCCS; Rome Italy
| | - Pietro Sirleto
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics; Medical Genetics and Pediatric Cardiology; Bambino Gesù Paediatric Hospital; IRCCS; Rome Italy
| | - M. Cristina Roberti
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics; Medical Genetics and Pediatric Cardiology; Bambino Gesù Paediatric Hospital; IRCCS; Rome Italy
| | - Bruno Marino
- Pediatric Cardiology; Department of Pediatrics; Sapienza University, and Eleonora Lorrillard Spencer Cenci Foundation; Rome Italy
| | - Adriano Angioni
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics; Medical Genetics and Pediatric Cardiology; Bambino Gesù Paediatric Hospital; IRCCS; Rome Italy
| | - Bruno Dallapiccola
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics; Medical Genetics and Pediatric Cardiology; Bambino Gesù Paediatric Hospital; IRCCS; Rome Italy
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29
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Quintero-Rivera F, Xi QJ, Keppler-Noreuil KM, Lee JH, Higgins AW, Anchan RM, Roberts AE, Seong IS, Fan X, Lage K, Lu LY, Tao J, Hu X, Berezney R, Gelb BD, Kamp A, Moskowitz IP, Lacro RV, Lu W, Morton CC, Gusella JF, Maas RL. MATR3 disruption in human and mouse associated with bicuspid aortic valve, aortic coarctation and patent ductus arteriosus. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 24:2375-89. [PMID: 25574029 PMCID: PMC4380077 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) defects represent a common but heterogeneous subset of congenital heart disease for which gene identification has been difficult. We describe a 46,XY,t(1;5)(p36.11;q31.2)dn translocation carrier with pervasive developmental delay who also exhibited LVOT defects, including bicuspid aortic valve (BAV), coarctation of the aorta (CoA) and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). The 1p breakpoint disrupts the 5′ UTR of AHDC1, which encodes AT-hook DNA-binding motif containing-1 protein, and AHDC1-truncating mutations have recently been described in a syndrome that includes developmental delay, but not congenital heart disease [Xia, F., Bainbridge, M.N., Tan, T.Y., Wangler, M.F., Scheuerle, A.E., Zackai, E.H., Harr, M.H., Sutton, V.R., Nalam, R.L., Zhu, W. et al. (2014) De Novo truncating mutations in AHDC1 in individuals with syndromic expressive language delay, hypotonia, and sleep apnea. Am. J. Hum. Genet., 94, 784–789]. On the other hand, the 5q translocation breakpoint disrupts the 3′ UTR of MATR3, which encodes the nuclear matrix protein Matrin 3, and mouse Matr3 is strongly expressed in neural crest, developing heart and great vessels, whereas Ahdc1 is not. To further establish MATR3 3′ UTR disruption as the cause of the proband's LVOT defects, we prepared a mouse Matr3Gt-ex13 gene trap allele that disrupted the 3′ portion of the gene. Matr3Gt-ex13 homozygotes are early embryo lethal, but Matr3Gt-ex13 heterozygotes exhibit incompletely penetrant BAV, CoA and PDA phenotypes similar to those in the human proband, as well as ventricular septal defect (VSD) and double-outlet right ventricle (DORV). Both the human MATR3 translocation breakpoint and the mouse Matr3Gt-ex13 gene trap insertion disturb the polyadenylation of MATR3 transcripts and alter Matrin 3 protein expression, quantitatively or qualitatively. Thus, subtle perturbations in Matrin 3 expression appear to cause similar LVOT defects in human and mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Quintero-Rivera
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit and Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Kim M Keppler-Noreuil
- Division of Medical Genetics, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Ji Hyun Lee
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit and Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anne W Higgins
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Raymond M Anchan
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amy E Roberts
- Department of Cardiology, Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ihn Sik Seong
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit and Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xueping Fan
- Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kasper Lage
- Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lily Y Lu
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine
| | - Joanna Tao
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine
| | - Xuchen Hu
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine
| | - Ronald Berezney
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Bruce D Gelb
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA
| | - Anna Kamp
- Departments of Pediatrics and Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA and
| | - Ivan P Moskowitz
- Departments of Pediatrics and Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA and
| | | | - Weining Lu
- Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cynthia C Morton
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James F Gusella
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit and Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,
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30
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Systematic search for rare variants in Finnish early-onset colorectal cancer patients. Cancer Genet 2014; 208:35-40. [PMID: 25749350 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The heritability of colorectal cancer (CRC) is incompletely understood, and the contribution of undiscovered rare variants may be important. In search of rare disease-causing variants, we exome sequenced 22 CRC patients who were diagnosed before the age of 40 years. Exome sequencing data from 95 familial CRC patients were available as a validation set. Cases with known CRC syndromes were excluded. All patients were from Finland, a country known for its genetically homogenous population. We searched for rare nonsynonymous variants with allele frequencies below 0.1% in 3,374 Finnish and 58,112 non-Finnish controls. In addition, homozygous and compound heterozygous variants were studied. No genes with rare loss-of-function variants were present in more than one early-onset CRC patient. Three genes (ADAMTS4, CYTL1, and SYNE1) harbored rare loss-of-function variants in both early-onset and familial CRC cases. Five genes with homozygous variants in early-onset CRC cases were found (MCTP2, ARHGAP12, ATM, DONSON, and ROS1), including one gene (MCTP2) with a homozygous splice site variant. All discovered homozygous variants were exclusive to one early-onset CRC case. Independent replication is required to associate the discovered variants with CRC. These findings, together with a lack of family history in 19 of 22 (86%) early-onset patients, suggest genetic heterogeneity in unexplained early-onset CRC patients, thus emphasizing the requirement for large sample sizes and careful study designs to elucidate the role of rare variants in CRC susceptibility.
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31
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Lalani SR, Belmont JW. Genetic basis of congenital cardiovascular malformations. Eur J Med Genet 2014; 57:402-13. [PMID: 24793338 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2014.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular malformations are a singularly important class of birth defects and due to dramatic improvements in medical and surgical care, there are now large numbers of adult survivors. The etiologies are complex, but there is strong evidence that genetic factors play a crucial role. Over the last 15 years there has been enormous progress in the discovery of causative genes for syndromic heart malformations and in rare families with Mendelian forms. The rapid characterization of genomic disorders as major contributors to congenital heart defects is also notable. The genes identified encode many transcription factors, chromatin regulators, growth factors and signal transduction proteins- all unified by their required roles in normal cardiac development. Genome-wide sequencing of the coding regions promises to elucidate genetic causation in several disorders affecting cardiac development. Such comprehensive studies evaluating both common and rare variants would be essential in characterizing gene-gene interactions, as well as in understanding the gene-environment interactions that increase susceptibility to congenital heart defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema R Lalani
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - John W Belmont
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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32
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Andersen TA, Troelsen KDLL, Larsen LA. Of mice and men: molecular genetics of congenital heart disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 71:1327-52. [PMID: 23934094 PMCID: PMC3958813 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1430-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) affects nearly 1 % of the population. It is a complex disease, which may be caused by multiple genetic and environmental factors. Studies in human genetics have led to the identification of more than 50 human genes, involved in isolated CHD or genetic syndromes, where CHD is part of the phenotype. Furthermore, mapping of genomic copy number variants and exome sequencing of CHD patients have led to the identification of a large number of candidate disease genes. Experiments in animal models, particularly in mice, have been used to verify human disease genes and to gain further insight into the molecular pathology behind CHD. The picture emerging from these studies suggest that genetic lesions associated with CHD affect a broad range of cellular signaling components, from ligands and receptors, across down-stream effector molecules to transcription factors and co-factors, including chromatin modifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Troels Askhøj Andersen
- Wilhelm Johannsen Centre for Functional Genome Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
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