1
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Xiang S, Wang M, Li Q, Yang Z. Unveiling the role of HACE1 in cervical cancer: implications for human papillomavirus infection and prognosis. Transl Cancer Res 2024; 13:2175-2186. [PMID: 38881936 PMCID: PMC11170517 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-23-2120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Background Cervical cancer, one of the prevalent malignancies among females, is closely associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Homologous to the E6-AP carboxyl terminus (HECT) domain and ankyrin repeat containing E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase 1 (HACE1) plays pivotal roles in various cancers. This study aimed to elucidate the expression of HACE1 in cervical cancer and its correlation with clinical features. Methods From The Cancer Genome Atlas Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Endocervical Adenocarcinoma (TCGA-CESC) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO, GSE6791) datasets, we obtained RNA-Seq profiles and associated clinical information. Differential gene analysis was conducted using the R "limma" package. Implications for HPV infection and the overall survival (OS) of cervical cancer were determined by performing differential expression analysis and the Cox proportional hazards regression model. Immunohistochemical analyses were used to validate the expression in cervical cancer and normal cervical tissue. Further, nomogram was constructed to predict OS in cervical cancer. Whether the model was credible was evaluated according to receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and concordance curves. To further evaluate the potential functions of HACE1, we conducted functional enrichment analysis. Finally, we assessed methylation levels in HPV+ and HPV- patients in the TCGA-CESC dataset. Results Utilizing TCGA and GSE6791 datasets, we observed significant upregulation of HACE1 in cervical cancer patients, particularly linked to HPV infection. Immunohistochemical staining revealed enhanced HACE1 expression in tumor tissues. Further analysis demonstrated a significant positive correlation between elevated HACE1 and HPV-associated proteins (E1, E6, and E7). Moreover, high HACE1 expression was associated with adverse prognosis in cervical cancer patients. Multivariate Cox analysis indicated that HACE1 could serve as an independent prognostic factor. We developed a prognostic model integrating HPV subtypes, the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) staging, and HACE1, exhibiting strong predictive efficacy for cervical cancer prognosis. Gene enrichment analysis indicated HACE1's potential involvement in multiple signaling pathways during cervical cancer progression, while the demethylation of cg03002526 in HPV-positive patients might contribute to HACE1 upregulation. Conclusions Our study reveals that HACE1 upregulation is associated with cervical cancer, particularly in HPV-positive patients. HACE1 emerges as an independent prognostic factor, linked to unfavorable outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyang Xiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mingqiong Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The People's Hospital of Chongqing Liangjiang New Area, Chongqing, China
| | - Qinke Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhu Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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2
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Usmani MA, Ghaffar A, Shahzad M, Akram J, Majeed AI, Malik K, Fatima K, Khan AA, Ahmed ZM, Riazuddin S, Riazuddin S. A Missense Variant in HACE1 Is Associated with Intellectual Disability, Epilepsy, Spasticity, and Psychomotor Impairment in a Pakistani Kindred. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:580. [PMID: 38790209 PMCID: PMC11121239 DOI: 10.3390/genes15050580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Intellectual disability (ID), which affects around 2% to 3% of the population, accounts for 0.63% of the overall prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD). ID is characterized by limitations in a person's intellectual and adaptive functioning, and is caused by pathogenic variants in more than 1000 genes. Here, we report a rare missense variant (c.350T>C; p.(Leu117Ser)) in HACE1 segregating with NDD syndrome with clinical features including ID, epilepsy, spasticity, global developmental delay, and psychomotor impairment in two siblings of a consanguineous Pakistani kindred. HACE1 encodes a HECT domain and ankyrin repeat containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1 (HACE1), which is involved in protein ubiquitination, localization, and cell division. HACE1 is also predicted to interact with several proteins that have been previously implicated in the ID phenotype in humans. The p.(Leu117Ser) variant replaces an evolutionarily conserved residue of HACE1 and is predicted to be deleterious by various in silico algorithms. Previously, eleven protein truncating variants of HACE1 have been reported in individuals with NDD. However, to our knowledge, p.(Leu117Ser) is the second missense variant in HACE1 found in an individual with NDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad A. Usmani
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (M.A.U.); (A.G.)
- Department of Molecular Biology, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; (M.S.); (J.A.); (S.R.)
- Jinnah Burn and Reconstructive Surgery Center, Allama Iqbal Medical College, University of Health Sciences, Lahore 54550, Pakistan
| | - Amama Ghaffar
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (M.A.U.); (A.G.)
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54500, Pakistan
| | - Mohsin Shahzad
- Department of Molecular Biology, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; (M.S.); (J.A.); (S.R.)
| | - Javed Akram
- Department of Molecular Biology, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; (M.S.); (J.A.); (S.R.)
| | - Aisha I. Majeed
- Department of Radiology, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan;
| | - Kausar Malik
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54500, Pakistan
| | - Khushbakht Fatima
- Department of Applied Health Sciences, University of Management and Technology, Lahore 54500, Pakistan;
| | - Asma A. Khan
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54500, Pakistan
| | - Zubair M. Ahmed
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (M.A.U.); (A.G.)
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Sheikh Riazuddin
- Department of Molecular Biology, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; (M.S.); (J.A.); (S.R.)
- Jinnah Burn and Reconstructive Surgery Center, Allama Iqbal Medical College, University of Health Sciences, Lahore 54550, Pakistan
| | - Saima Riazuddin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (M.A.U.); (A.G.)
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54500, Pakistan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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3
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Hu Y, Zhu Z, Xu Y, Zaman MF, Ge Y, Hu J, Tang X. Inhibition of esophageal cancer progression through HACE1-TRIP12 interaction and associated RAC1 ubiquitination and degradation. J Cancer 2024; 15:3114-3127. [PMID: 38706891 PMCID: PMC11064264 DOI: 10.7150/jca.93833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study investigated the significance of HECT domain and ankyrin repeat containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1 (HACE1) in esophageal cancer (ESCA) and its underlying mechanism in ESCA regulation through the induction of RAC1 ubiquitination and degradation. Methods: Characterization studies of HACE1 in ESCA clinical tissues and cell lines were performed. Next, the effects of HACE1 on the biological behavior of ESCA cells were examined by silencing and overexpressing HACE1. Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) involving HACE1 were analyzed using data from the String website. The function of HACE1 in RAC1 protein ubiquitination was validated using the proteasome inhibitor MG132. The effects of HACE1 on ESCA cells through RAC1 were elucidated by applying the RAC1 inhibitor EHop-016 in a tumor-bearing nude mouse model. To establish the relationship between HACE1 and TRIP12, rescue experiments were conducted, mainly to evaluate the effect of TRIP12 silencing on HACE1-mediated RAC1 regulation in vitro and in vivo. The PPI between HACE1 and TRIP12 and their subcellular localization were further characterized through co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence staining assays, respectively. Results: HACE1 protein expression was notably diminished in ESCA cells but upregulated in normal tissues. HACE1 overexpression inhibited the malignant biological behavior of ESCA cells, leading to restrained tumor growth in mice. This effect was coupled with the promotion of RAC1 protein ubiquitination and subsequent degradation. Conversely, silencing HACE1 exhibited contrasting results. PPI existed between HACE1 and TRIP12, compounded by their similar subcellular localization. Intriguingly, TRIP12 inhibition blocked HACE1-driven RAC1 ubiquitination and mitigated the inhibitory effects of HACE1 on ESCA cells, alleviating tumor growth in the tumor-bearing nude mouse model. Conclusion: HACE1 expression was downregulated in ESCA cells, suggesting that it curbs ESCA progression by inducing RAC1 protein degradation through TRIP12-mediated ubiquitination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Hu
- Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou City, Hubei Province, China, 434023
| | - Ziyi Zhu
- Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou City, Hubei Province, China, 434023
| | - Yanhua Xu
- Department of Oncology, Jingzhou Central Hospital, Jingzhou City, Hubei Province, China, 434020
| | - Muhammad Fakhar Zaman
- Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou City, Hubei Province, China, 434023
| | - Yuxuan Ge
- Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou City, Hubei Province, China, 434023
| | - Jinming Hu
- Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou City, Hubei Province, China, 434023
| | - Xi Tang
- Department of Oncology, Jingzhou Central Hospital, Jingzhou City, Hubei Province, China, 434020
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4
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Zang C, Liu H, Ning J, Chen Q, Jiang Y, Shang M, Yang Y, Ma J, Dong Y, Wang J, Li F, Bao X, Zhang D. Emerging role and mechanism of HACE1 in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases: A promising target. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 172:116204. [PMID: 38364733 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
HACE1 is a member of the HECT domain-containing E3 ligases with 909 amino acid residues, containing N-terminal ankyrin-repeats (ANK) and C-terminal HECT domain. Previously, it was shown that HACE1 is inactive in human tumors and plays a crucial role in the initiation, progression, and invasion of malignant tumors. Recent studies indicated that HACE1 might be closely involved in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease. HACE1 interacts with its substrates, including Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR), and optineurin (OPTN), through which participates in several pathophysiological processes, such as oxidative stress, autophagy and inflammation. Therefore, in this review, we elaborately describe the essential substrates of HACE1 and illuminate the pathophysiological processes by which HACE1 is involved in neurodegenerative diseases. We provide a new molecular target for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Jingwen Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Qiuzhu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Yueqi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Meiyu Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Jingwei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Yirong Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Jinrong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Fangfang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Xiuqi Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Dan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, PR China.
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5
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Düring J, Wolter M, Toplak JJ, Torres C, Dybkov O, Fokkens TJ, Bohnsack KE, Urlaub H, Steinchen W, Dienemann C, Lorenz S. Structural mechanisms of autoinhibition and substrate recognition by the ubiquitin ligase HACE1. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2024; 31:364-377. [PMID: 38332367 PMCID: PMC10873202 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-023-01203-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Ubiquitin ligases (E3s) are pivotal specificity determinants in the ubiquitin system by selecting substrates and decorating them with distinct ubiquitin signals. However, structure determination of the underlying, specific E3-substrate complexes has proven challenging owing to their transient nature. In particular, it is incompletely understood how members of the catalytic cysteine-driven class of HECT-type ligases (HECTs) position substrate proteins for modification. Here, we report a cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of the full-length human HECT HACE1, along with solution-based conformational analyses by small-angle X-ray scattering and hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry. Structure-based functional analyses in vitro and in cells reveal that the activity of HACE1 is stringently regulated by dimerization-induced autoinhibition. The inhibition occurs at the first step of the catalytic cycle and is thus substrate-independent. We use mechanism-based chemical crosslinking to reconstitute a complex of activated, monomeric HACE1 with its major substrate, RAC1, determine its structure by cryo-EM and validate the binding mode by solution-based analyses. Our findings explain how HACE1 achieves selectivity in ubiquitinating the active, GTP-loaded state of RAC1 and establish a framework for interpreting mutational alterations of the HACE1-RAC1 interplay in disease. More broadly, this work illuminates central unexplored aspects in the architecture, conformational dynamics, regulation and specificity of full-length HECTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Düring
- Research Group 'Ubiquitin Signaling Specificity', Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Madita Wolter
- Research Group 'Ubiquitin Signaling Specificity', Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Julia J Toplak
- Research Group 'Ubiquitin Signaling Specificity', Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Camilo Torres
- Research Group 'Ubiquitin Signaling Specificity', Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Olexandr Dybkov
- Research Group 'Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry', Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thornton J Fokkens
- Research Group 'Ubiquitin Signaling Specificity', Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Katherine E Bohnsack
- Department of Molecular Biology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Henning Urlaub
- Research Group 'Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry', Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- 'Bioanalytics', Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- 'Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells', University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wieland Steinchen
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Synthetic Microbiology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Christian Dienemann
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sonja Lorenz
- Research Group 'Ubiquitin Signaling Specificity', Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany.
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6
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Bustamante-Barrientos FA, Luque-Campos N, Araya MJ, Lara-Barba E, de Solminihac J, Pradenas C, Molina L, Herrera-Luna Y, Utreras-Mendoza Y, Elizondo-Vega R, Vega-Letter AM, Luz-Crawford P. Mitochondrial dysfunction in neurodegenerative disorders: Potential therapeutic application of mitochondrial transfer to central nervous system-residing cells. J Transl Med 2023; 21:613. [PMID: 37689642 PMCID: PMC10493034 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04493-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is reiteratively involved in the pathogenesis of diverse neurodegenerative diseases. Current in vitro and in vivo approaches support that mitochondrial dysfunction is branded by several molecular and cellular defects, whose impact at different levels including the calcium and iron homeostasis, energetic balance and/or oxidative stress, makes it difficult to resolve them collectively given their multifactorial nature. Mitochondrial transfer offers an overall solution since it contains the replacement of damage mitochondria by healthy units. Therefore, this review provides an introducing view on the structure and energy-related functions of mitochondria as well as their dynamics. In turn, we summarize current knowledge on how these features are deregulated in different neurodegenerative diseases, including frontotemporal dementia, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Friedreich ataxia, Alzheimer´s disease, Parkinson´s disease, and Huntington's disease. Finally, we analyzed current advances in mitochondrial transfer between diverse cell types that actively participate in neurodegenerative processes, and how they might be projected toward developing novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe A Bustamante-Barrientos
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CiiB), Universidad de los Andes, Mons. Álvaro del Portillo 12455, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile.
- IMPACT, Center of Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular Therapy, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Noymar Luque-Campos
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CiiB), Universidad de los Andes, Mons. Álvaro del Portillo 12455, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
- IMPACT, Center of Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular Therapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Jesús Araya
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CiiB), Universidad de los Andes, Mons. Álvaro del Portillo 12455, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
- IMPACT, Center of Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular Therapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eliana Lara-Barba
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CiiB), Universidad de los Andes, Mons. Álvaro del Portillo 12455, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
- IMPACT, Center of Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular Therapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Javiera de Solminihac
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CiiB), Universidad de los Andes, Mons. Álvaro del Portillo 12455, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Pradenas
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CiiB), Universidad de los Andes, Mons. Álvaro del Portillo 12455, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
- IMPACT, Center of Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular Therapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis Molina
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Yeimi Herrera-Luna
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CiiB), Universidad de los Andes, Mons. Álvaro del Portillo 12455, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
- IMPACT, Center of Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular Therapy, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Roberto Elizondo-Vega
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular, Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Ana María Vega-Letter
- Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaiso, Valparaiso, Chile
| | - Patricia Luz-Crawford
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CiiB), Universidad de los Andes, Mons. Álvaro del Portillo 12455, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile.
- IMPACT, Center of Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular Therapy, Santiago, Chile.
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7
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Rehman MU, Sehar N, Dar NJ, Khan A, Arafah A, Rashid S, Rashid SM, Ganaie MA. Mitochondrial dysfunctions, oxidative stress and neuroinflammation as therapeutic targets for neurodegenerative diseases: An update on current advances and impediments. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 144:104961. [PMID: 36395982 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) such as Alzheimer disease (AD), Parkinson disease (PD), and Huntington disease (HD) represent a major socio-economic challenge in view of their high prevalence yet poor treatment outcomes affecting quality of life. The major challenge in drug development for these NDs is insufficient clarity about the mechanisms involved in pathogenesis and pathophysiology. Mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and inflammation are common pathways that are linked to neuronal abnormalities and initiation of these diseases. Thus, elucidating the shared initial molecular and cellular mechanisms is crucial for recognizing novel remedial targets, and developing therapeutics to impede or stop disease progression. In this context, use of multifunctional compounds at early stages of disease development unclogs new avenues as it acts on act on multiple targets in comparison to single target concept. In this review, we summarize overview of the major findings and advancements in recent years focusing on shared mechanisms for better understanding might become beneficial in searching more potent pharmacological interventions thereby reducing the onset or severity of various NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muneeb U Rehman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Nouroz Sehar
- Centre for Translational and Clinical Research, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Nawab John Dar
- School of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78992 USA
| | - Andleeb Khan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Azher Arafah
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Summya Rashid
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahzada Mudasir Rashid
- Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Majid Ahmad Ganaie
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Dentistry and Pharmacy, Buraydah Colleges, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
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8
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Sap KA, Geijtenbeek KW, Schipper-Krom S, Guler AT, Reits EA. Ubiquitin-modifying enzymes in Huntington's disease. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1107323. [PMID: 36926679 PMCID: PMC10013475 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1107323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by a CAG repeat expansion in the N-terminus of the HTT gene. The CAG repeat expansion translates into a polyglutamine expansion in the mutant HTT (mHTT) protein, resulting in intracellular aggregation and neurotoxicity. Lowering the mHTT protein by reducing synthesis or improving degradation would delay or prevent the onset of HD, and the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) could be an important pathway to clear the mHTT proteins prior to aggregation. The UPS is not impaired in HD, and proteasomes can degrade mHTT entirely when HTT is targeted for degradation. However, the mHTT protein is differently ubiquitinated when compared to wild-type HTT (wtHTT), suggesting that the polyQ expansion affects interaction with (de) ubiquitinating enzymes and subsequent targeting for degradation. The soluble mHTT protein is associated with several ubiquitin-modifying enzymes, and various ubiquitin-modifying enzymes have been identified that are linked to Huntington's disease, either by improving mHTT turnover or affecting overall homeostasis. Here we describe their potential mechanism of action toward improved mHTT targeting towards the proteostasis machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen A Sap
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Karlijne W Geijtenbeek
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sabine Schipper-Krom
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Arzu Tugce Guler
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Eric A Reits
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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9
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Saba J, Couselo FL, Bruno J, Carniglia L, Durand D, Lasaga M, Caruso C. Neuroinflammation in Huntington's Disease: A Starring Role for Astrocyte and Microglia. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:1116-1143. [PMID: 34852742 PMCID: PMC9886821 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666211201094608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative genetic disorder caused by a CAG repeat expansion in the huntingtin gene. HD causes motor, cognitive, and behavioral dysfunction. Since no existing treatment affects the course of this disease, new treatments are needed. Inflammation is frequently observed in HD patients before symptom onset. Neuroinflammation, characterized by the presence of reactive microglia, astrocytes and inflammatory factors within the brain, is also detected early. However, in comparison to other neurodegenerative diseases, the role of neuroinflammation in HD is much less known. Work has been dedicated to altered microglial and astrocytic functions in the context of HD, but less attention has been given to glial participation in neuroinflammation. This review describes evidence of inflammation in HD patients and animal models. It also discusses recent knowledge on neuroinflammation in HD, highlighting astrocyte and microglia involvement in the disease and considering anti-inflammatory therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julieta Saba
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), UBA-CONICET, Paraguay 2155, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Federico López Couselo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), UBA-CONICET, Paraguay 2155, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julieta Bruno
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), UBA-CONICET, Paraguay 2155, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lila Carniglia
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), UBA-CONICET, Paraguay 2155, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniela Durand
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), UBA-CONICET, Paraguay 2155, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mercedes Lasaga
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), UBA-CONICET, Paraguay 2155, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carla Caruso
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), UBA-CONICET, Paraguay 2155, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina,Address correspondence to this author at the Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), UBA-CONICET, Paraguay 2155 Piso 10, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina, Tel: +54 11 5285 3380; E-mail:
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10
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Rook ME, Southwell AL. Antisense Oligonucleotide Therapy: From Design to the Huntington Disease Clinic. BioDrugs 2022; 36:105-119. [PMID: 35254632 PMCID: PMC8899000 DOI: 10.1007/s40259-022-00519-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Huntington disease (HD) is a fatal progressive neurodegenerative disorder caused by an inherited mutation in the huntingtin (HTT) gene, which encodes mutant HTT protein. Though HD remains incurable, various preclinical studies have reported a favorable response to HTT suppression, emphasizing HTT lowering strategies as prospective disease-modifying treatments. Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) lower HTT by targeting transcripts and are well suited for treating neurodegenerative disorders as they distribute broadly throughout the central nervous system (CNS) and are freely taken up by neurons, glia, and ependymal cells. With the FDA approval of an ASO therapy for another disease of the CNS, spinal muscular atrophy, ASOs have become a particularly attractive therapeutic option for HD. However, two types of ASOs were recently assessed in human clinical trials for the treatment of HD, and both were halted early. In this review, we will explore the differences in chemistry, targeting, and specificity of these HTT ASOs as well as preliminary clinical findings and potential reasons for and implications of these halted trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan E Rook
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32827, USA.
| | - Amber L Southwell
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32827, USA
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11
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Jones DE, Klacking E, Ryan RO. Inborn errors of metabolism associated with 3-methylglutaconic aciduria. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 522:96-104. [PMID: 34411555 PMCID: PMC8464523 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A growing number of inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) associated with compromised mitochondrial energy metabolism manifest an unusual phenotypic feature: 3-methylglutaconic (3MGC) aciduria. Two major categories of 3MGC aciduria, primary and secondary, have been described. In primary 3MGC aciduria, IEMs in 3MGC CoA hydratase (AUH) or HMG CoA lyase block leucine catabolism, resulting in a buildup of pathway intermediates, including 3MGC CoA. Subsequent thioester hydrolysis yields 3MGC acid, which is excreted in urine. In secondary 3MGC aciduria, no deficiencies in leucine catabolism enzymes exist and 3MGC CoA is formed de novo from acetyl CoA. In the "acetyl CoA diversion pathway", when IEMs directly, or indirectly, interfere with TCA cycle activity, acetyl CoA accumulates in the matrix space. This leads to condensation of two acetyl CoA to form acetoacetyl CoA, followed by another condensation between acetyl CoA and acetoacetyl CoA to form 3-hydroxy, 3-methylglutaryl (HMG) CoA. Once formed, HMG CoA serves as a substrate for AUH, producing trans-3MGC CoA. Non enzymatic isomerization of trans-3MGC CoA to cis-3MGC CoA precedes intramolecular cyclization to cis-3MGC anhydride plus CoA. Subsequent hydrolysis of cis-3MGC anhydride gives rise to cis-3MGC acid, which is excreted in urine. In reviewing 20 discrete IEMs that manifest secondary 3MGC aciduria, evidence supporting the acetyl CoA diversion pathway was obtained. This biochemical pathway serves as an "overflow valve" in muscle / brain tissue to redirect acetyl CoA to 3MGC CoA when entry to the TCA cycle is impeded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan E Jones
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV 89557, United States
| | - Emma Klacking
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV 89557, United States
| | - Robert O Ryan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV 89557, United States.
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12
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Sukhorukov V, Voronkov D, Baranich T, Mudzhiri N, Magnaeva A, Illarioshkin S. Impaired Mitophagy in Neurons and Glial Cells during Aging and Age-Related Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10251. [PMID: 34638589 PMCID: PMC8508639 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with a decline in cognitive function, which can partly be explained by the accumulation of damage to the brain cells over time. Neurons and glia undergo morphological and ultrastructure changes during aging. Over the past several years, it has become evident that at the cellular level, various hallmarks of an aging brain are closely related to mitophagy. The importance of mitochondria quality and quantity control through mitophagy is highlighted by the contribution that defects in mitochondria-autophagy crosstalk make to aging and age-related diseases. In this review, we analyze some of the more recent findings regarding the study of brain aging and neurodegeneration in the context of mitophagy. We discuss the data on the dynamics of selective autophagy in neurons and glial cells during aging and in the course of neurodegeneration, focusing on three mechanisms of mitophagy: non-receptor-mediated mitophagy, receptor-mediated mitophagy, and transcellular mitophagy. We review the role of mitophagy in neuronal/glial homeostasis and in the molecular pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and other disorders. Common mechanisms of aging and neurodegeneration that are related to different mitophagy pathways provide a number of promising targets for potential therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Sukhorukov
- Research Center of Neurology, Department for Brain Research, 125367 Moscow, Russia; (D.V.); (T.B.); (N.M.); (A.M.); (S.I.)
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13
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Kane EI, Waters KL, Spratt DE. Intersection of Redox Chemistry and Ubiquitylation: Post-Translational Modifications Required for Maintaining Cellular Homeostasis and Neuroprotection. Cells 2021; 10:2121. [PMID: 34440890 PMCID: PMC8394436 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegeneration has been predominantly recognized as neuronal breakdown induced by the accumulation of aggregated and/or misfolded proteins and remains a preliminary factor in age-dependent disease. Recently, critical regulating molecular mechanisms and cellular pathways have been shown to induce neurodegeneration long before aggregate accumulation could occur. Although this opens the possibility of identifying biomarkers for early onset diagnosis, many of these pathways vary in their modes of dysfunction while presenting similar clinical phenotypes. With selectivity remaining difficult, it is promising that these neuroprotective pathways are regulated through the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). This essential post-translational modification (PTM) involves the specific attachment of ubiquitin onto a substrate, specifically marking the ubiquitin-tagged protein for its intracellular fate based upon the site of attachment, the ubiquitin chain type built, and isopeptide linkages between different ubiquitin moieties. This review highlights both the direct and indirect impact ubiquitylation has in oxidative stress response and neuroprotection, and how irregularities in these intricate processes lead towards the onset of neurodegenerative disease (NDD).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Donald E. Spratt
- Gustaf H. Carlson School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clark University, 950 Main St., Worcester, MA 01610, USA; (E.I.K.); (K.L.W.)
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14
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Naia L, Ly P, Mota SI, Lopes C, Maranga C, Coelho P, Gershoni-Emek N, Ankarcrona M, Geva M, Hayden MR, Rego AC. The Sigma-1 Receptor Mediates Pridopidine Rescue of Mitochondrial Function in Huntington Disease Models. Neurotherapeutics 2021; 18:1017-1038. [PMID: 33797036 PMCID: PMC8423985 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-021-01022-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pridopidine is a selective Sigma-1 receptor (S1R) agonist in clinical development for Huntington disease (HD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. S1R is a chaperone protein localized in mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes, a signaling platform that regulates Ca2+ signaling, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial fission. Here, we investigate the protective effects of pridopidine on various mitochondrial functions in human and mouse HD models. Pridopidine effects on mitochondrial dynamics were assessed in primary neurons from YAC128 HD mice expressing the mutant human HTT gene. We observe that pridopidine prevents the disruption of mitochondria-ER contact sites and improves the co-localization of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) and its chaperone S1R with mitochondria in YAC128 neurons, leading to increased mitochondrial activity, elongation, and motility. Increased mitochondrial respiration is also observed in YAC128 neurons and in pridopidine-treated HD human neural stem cells (hNSCs). ROS levels were assessed after oxidative insult or S1R knockdown in pridopidine-treated YAC128 neurons, HD hNSCs, and human HD lymphoblasts. All HD models show increased ROS levels and deficient antioxidant response, which are efficiently rescued with pridopidine. Importantly, pridopidine treatment before H2O2-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and S1R presence are required for HD cytoprotection. YAC128 mice treated at early/pre-symptomatic age with pridopidine show significant improvement in motor coordination, indicating a delay in symptom onset. Additionally, in vivo pridopidine treatment reduces mitochondrial ROS levels by normalizing mitochondrial complex activity. In conclusion, S1R-mediated enhancement of mitochondrial function contributes to the neuroprotective effects of pridopidine, providing insight into its mechanism of action and therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Naia
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Science and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Philip Ly
- The Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sandra I Mota
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carla Lopes
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carina Maranga
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Coelho
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Maria Ankarcrona
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Science and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Michael R Hayden
- The Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Prilenia Therapeutics LTD, Herzliya, Israel
| | - A Cristina Rego
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
- FMUC-Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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15
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Mutant Huntingtin Is Cleared from the Brain via Active Mechanisms in Huntington Disease. J Neurosci 2020; 41:780-796. [PMID: 33310753 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1865-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by a CAG trinucleotide repeat expansion in the huntingtin (HTT) gene. Therapeutics that lower HTT have shown preclinical promise and are being evaluated in clinical trials. However, clinical assessment of brain HTT lowering presents challenges. We have reported that mutant HTT (mHTT) in the CSF of HD patients correlates with clinical measures, including disease burden as well as motor and cognitive performance. We have also shown that lowering HTT in the brains of HD mice results in correlative reduction of mHTT in the CSF, prompting the use of this measure as an exploratory marker of target engagement in clinical trials. In this study, we investigate the mechanisms of mHTT clearance from the brain in adult mice of both sexes to elucidate the significance of therapy-induced CSF mHTT changes. We demonstrate that, although neurodegeneration increases CSF mHTT concentrations, mHTT is also present in the CSF of mice in the absence of neurodegeneration. Importantly, we show that secretion of mHTT from cells in the CNS followed by glymphatic clearance from the extracellular space contributes to mHTT in the CSF. Furthermore, we observe secretion of wild type HTT from healthy control neurons, suggesting that HTT secretion is a normal process occurring in the absence of pathogenesis. Overall, our data support both passive release and active clearance of mHTT into CSF, suggesting that its treatment-induced changes may represent a combination of target engagement and preservation of neurons.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Changes in CSF mutant huntingtin (mHTT) are being used as an exploratory endpoint in HTT lowering clinical trials for the treatment of Huntington disease (HD). Recently, it was demonstrated that intrathecal administration of a HTT lowering agent leads to dose-dependent reduction of CSF mHTT in HD patients. However, little is known about how HTT, an intracellular protein, reaches the extracellular space and ultimately the CSF. Our findings that HTT enters CSF by both passive release and active secretion followed by glymphatic clearance may have significant implications for interpretation of treatment-induced changes of CSF mHTT in clinical trials for HD.
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16
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Roussarie JP, Rodriguez-Rodriguez P. Deciphering cell-type specific signal transduction in the brain: Challenges and promises. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 90:145-171. [PMID: 33706931 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2020.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Signal transduction designates the set of molecular events that take place within a cell upon extracellular stimulation to mediate a functional outcome. Decades after the discovery that dopamine triggers opposing signaling pathways in D1- and D2-expressing medium spiny neurons, it is now clear that there are as many different flavors of signaling pathways in the brain as there are neuron types. One of the biggest challenges in molecular neuroscience is to elucidate cell-type specific signaling, in order to understand neurological diseases with regional vulnerability, but also to identify targets for precision drugs devoid of off-target effects. Here, we make a case for the importance of the study of neuron-type specific molecular characteristics. We then review the technologies that exist to study neurons in their full diversity and highlight their disease-relevant idiosyncrasies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Pierre Roussarie
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Patricia Rodriguez-Rodriguez
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States; Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
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17
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Ciuculete DM, Voisin S, Kular L, Jonsson J, Rask-Andersen M, Mwinyi J, Schiöth HB. meQTL and ncRNA functional analyses of 102 GWAS-SNPs associated with depression implicate HACE1 and SHANK2 genes. Clin Epigenetics 2020; 12:99. [PMID: 32616021 PMCID: PMC7333393 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-020-00884-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about how genetics and epigenetics interplay in depression. Evidence suggests that genetic variants may change vulnerability to depression by modulating DNA methylation (DNAm) and non-coding RNA (ncRNA) levels. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate the effect of the genetic variation, previously identified in the largest genome-wide association study for depression, on proximal DNAm and ncRNA levels. RESULTS We performed DNAm quantitative trait locus (meQTL) analysis in two independent cohorts (total n = 435 healthy individuals), testing associations between 102 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and DNAm levels in whole blood. We identified and replicated 64 SNP-CpG pairs (padj. < 0.05) with meQTL effect. Lower DNAm at cg02098413 located in the HACE1 promoter conferred by the risk allele (C allele) at rs1933802 was associated with higher risk for depression (praw = 0.014, DNAm = 2.3%). In 1202 CD14+ cells sorted from blood, DNAm at cg02088412 positively correlated with HACE1 mRNA expression. Investigation in postmortem brain tissue of adults diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD) indicated 1% higher DNAm at cg02098413 in neurons and lower HACE1 mRNA expression in CA1 hippocampus of MDD patients compared with healthy controls (p = 0.008 and 0.012, respectively). Expression QTL analysis in blood of 74 adolescent revealed that hsa-miR-3664-5p was associated with rs7117514 (SHANK2) (padj. = 0.015, mRNA difference = 5.2%). Gene ontology analysis of the miRNA target genes highlighted implication in neuronal processes. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our findings from a multi-tissue (blood and brain) and multi-layered (genetic, epigenetic, transcriptomic) approach suggest that genetic factors may influence depression by modulating DNAm and miRNA levels. Alterations at HACE1 and SHANK2 loci imply potential mechanisms, such as oxidative stress in the brain, underlying depression. Our results deepened the knowledge of molecular mechanisms in depression and suggest new epigenetic targets that should be further evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana M Ciuculete
- Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 593, Husargatan 3, 753124, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Sarah Voisin
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Footscray, VIC, 3011, Australia
| | - Lara Kular
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jörgen Jonsson
- Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 593, Husargatan 3, 753124, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mathias Rask-Andersen
- Department of Immunology, Genetic and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jessica Mwinyi
- Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 593, Husargatan 3, 753124, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Helgi B Schiöth
- Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 593, Husargatan 3, 753124, Uppsala, Sweden.,Institute for Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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18
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Ugarteburu O, Sánchez-Vilés M, Ramos J, Barcos-Rodríguez T, Garrabou G, García-Villoria J, Ribes A, Tort F. Physiopathological Bases of the Disease Caused by HACE1 Mutations: Alterations in Autophagy, Mitophagy and Oxidative Stress Response. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9040913. [PMID: 32225089 PMCID: PMC7231286 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9040913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Recessive HACE1 mutations are associated with a severe neurodevelopmental disorder (OMIM: 616756). However, the physiopathologycal bases of the disease are yet to be completely clarified. Whole-exome sequencing identified homozygous HACE1 mutations (c.240C>A, p.Cys80Ter) in a patient with brain atrophy, psychomotor retardation and 3-methylglutaconic aciduria, a biomarker of mitochondrial dysfunction. To elucidate the pathomechanisms underlying HACE1 deficiency, a comprehensive molecular analysis was performed in patient fibroblasts. Western Blot demonstrated the deleterious effect of the mutation, as the complete absence of HACE1 protein was observed. Immunofluorescence studies showed an increased number of LC3 puncta together with the normal initiation of the autophagic cascade, indicating a reduction in the autophagic flux. Oxidative stress response was also impaired in HACE1 fibroblasts, as shown by the reduced NQO1 and Hmox1 mRNA levels observed in H2O2-treated cells. High levels of lipid peroxidation, consistent with accumulated oxidative damage, were also detected. Although the patient phenotype could resemble a mitochondrial defect, the analysis of the mitochondrial function showed no major abnormalities. However, an important increase in mitochondrial oxidative stress markers and a strong reduction in the mitophagic flux were observed, suggesting that the recycling of damaged mitochondria might be targeted in HACE1 cells. In summary, we demonstrate for the first time that the impairment of autophagy, mitophagy and oxidative damage response might be involved in the pathogenesis of HACE1 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olatz Ugarteburu
- Section of Inborn Errors of Metabolism-IBC, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, CIBERER, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Sánchez-Vilés
- Section of Inborn Errors of Metabolism-IBC, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, CIBERER, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julio Ramos
- Hospital of Torrecardenas, 04009 Almeria, Spain
| | - Tamara Barcos-Rodríguez
- Muscle Research and Mitochondrial Function Laboratory, Cellex-IDIBAPS, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science-University of Barcelona, Internal Medicine Service-Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, CIBERER, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gloria Garrabou
- Muscle Research and Mitochondrial Function Laboratory, Cellex-IDIBAPS, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science-University of Barcelona, Internal Medicine Service-Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, CIBERER, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Judit García-Villoria
- Section of Inborn Errors of Metabolism-IBC, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, CIBERER, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonia Ribes
- Section of Inborn Errors of Metabolism-IBC, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, CIBERER, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.R.); (F.T.)
| | - Frederic Tort
- Section of Inborn Errors of Metabolism-IBC, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, CIBERER, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.R.); (F.T.)
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19
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Sun D, Wei Y, Zheng HX, Jin L, Wang J. Contribution of Mitochondrial DNA Variation to Chronic Disease in East Asian Populations. Front Mol Biosci 2019; 6:128. [PMID: 31803756 PMCID: PMC6873657 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2019.00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are the main producers of energy in eukaryotic cells. Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with specific mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variations (haplogroups), and these variations can contribute to human disease. East Asian populations show enrichment of many mitochondrial haplogroups, including A, B, D, G, M7, M8, M9, N9, R9, and exhibit half of the known haplogroups of worldwide. In this review, we summarize the current research in the field of mtDNA variation and associated disease in East Asian populations and discuss the physiological and pathological relevance of mitochondrial biology. mtDNA haplogroups are associated with various metabolic disorders ascribed to altered oxidative phosphorylation. The same mitochondrial haplogroup can show either a negative or positive association with different diseases. Mitochondrial dynamics, mitophagy, and mitochondrial oxidative stress, ultimately influence susceptibility to various diseases. In addition, mitochondrial retrograde signaling pathways may have profound effects on nuclear-mitochondrial interactions, affecting cellular morphology, and function. Other complex networks including proteostasis, mitochondrial unfolded protein response and reactive oxygen species signaling may also play pivotal roles in metabolic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Xiang Zheng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiucun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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20
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Xiang Deng
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
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HACE1, an E3 Ubiquitin Protein Ligase, Mitigates Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Infection-Induced Oxidative Stress by Promoting Nrf2 Activity. J Virol 2019; 93:JVI.01812-18. [PMID: 30787155 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01812-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV)-induced activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is essential for both the expression of viral genes (latency) and modulation of the host antioxidant machinery. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are also regulated by the ubiquitously expressed HACE1 protein (HECT domain and ankyrin repeat containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1), which targets the Rac1 protein for proteasomal degradation, and this blocks the generation of ROS by Rac1-dependent NADPH oxidases. In this study, we examined the role of HACE1 in KSHV infection. Elevated levels of HACE1 expression were observed in de novo KSHV-infected endothelial cells, KSHV latently infected TIVE-LTC and PEL cells, and Kaposi's sarcoma skin lesion cells. The increased HACE1 expression in the infected cells was mediated by KSHV latent protein kaposin A. HACE1 knockdown resulted in high Rac1 and Nox 1 (NADPH oxidase 1) activity, increased ROS (oxidative stress), increased cell death, and decreased KSHV gene expression. Loss of HACE1 impaired KSHV infection-induced phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3-K), protein kinase C-ζ (PKC-ζ), extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), NF-κB, and Nrf2 activation and nuclear translocation of Nrf2, and it reduced the expression of Nrf2 target genes responsible for balancing the oxidative stress. In the absence of HACE1, glutamine uptake increased in the cells to cope with the KSHV-induced oxidative stress. These findings reveal for the first time that HACE1 plays roles during viral infection-induced oxidative stress and demonstrate that HACE1 facilitates resistance to KSHV infection-induced oxidative stress by promoting Nrf2 activity. Our studies suggest that HACE1 could be a potential target to induce cell death in KSHV-infected cells and to manage KSHV infections.IMPORTANCE ROS play important roles in several cellular processes, and increased ROS cause several adverse effects. KSHV infection of endothelial cells induces ROS, which facilitate virus entry by amplifying the infection-induced host cell signaling cascade, which, in turn, induces the nuclear translocation of phospho-Nrf2 protein to regulate the expression of antioxidative genes and viral genes. The present study demonstrates that KSHV infection induces the E3 ligase HACE1 protein to regulate KSHV-induced oxidative stress by promoting the activation of Nrf2 and nuclear translocation. Absence of HACE1 results in increased ROS and cellular death and reduced nuclear Nrf2, antioxidant, and viral gene expression. Together, these studies suggest that HACE1 can be a potential target to induce cell death in KSHV-infected cells.
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Weil R, Laplantine E, Curic S, Génin P. Role of Optineurin in the Mitochondrial Dysfunction: Potential Implications in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Cancer. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1243. [PMID: 29971063 PMCID: PMC6018216 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Optineurin (Optn) is a 577 aa protein encoded by the Optn gene. Mutations of Optn are associated with normal tension glaucoma and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and its gene has also been linked to the development of Paget’s disease of bone and Crohn’s disease. Optn is involved in diverse cellular functions, including NF-κB regulation, membrane trafficking, exocytosis, vesicle transport, reorganization of actin and microtubules, cell cycle control, and autophagy. Besides its role in xenophagy and autophagy of aggregates, Optn has been identified as a primary autophagy receptor, among the five adaptors that translocate to mitochondria during mitophagy. Mitophagy is a selective macroautophagy process during which irreparable mitochondria are degraded, preventing accumulation of defective mitochondria and limiting the release of reactive oxygen species and proapoptotic factors. Mitochondrial quality control via mitophagy is central to the health of cells. One of the important surveillance pathways of mitochondrial health is the recently defined signal transduction pathway involving the mitochondrial PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) protein and the cytosolic RING-between-RING ubiquitin ligase Parkin. Both of these proteins, when mutated, have been identified in certain forms of Parkinson’s disease. By targeting ubiquitinated mitochondria to autophagosomes through its association with autophagy related proteins, Optn is responsible for a critical step in mitophagy. This review reports recent discoveries on the role of Optn in mitophagy and provides insight into its link with neurodegenerative diseases. We will also discuss the involvement of Optn in other pathologies in which mitophagy dysfunctions are involved including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Weil
- Laboratory of Signaling and Pathogenesis, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3691, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Laplantine
- Laboratory of Signaling and Pathogenesis, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3691, Paris, France
| | - Shannel Curic
- Laboratory of Signaling and Pathogenesis, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3691, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Génin
- Laboratory of Signaling and Pathogenesis, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3691, Paris, France
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