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Xiao L, Fang Y, Zhang H, Quan M, Zhou J, Li P, Wang D, Ji L, Ingvarsson PK, Wu HX, El-Kassaby YA, Du Q, Zhang D. Natural variation in the prolyl 4-hydroxylase gene PtoP4H9 contributes to perennial stem growth in Populus. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:4046-4065. [PMID: 37522322 PMCID: PMC10615208 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Perennial trees must maintain stem growth throughout their entire lifespan to progressively increase in size as they age. The overarching question of the molecular mechanisms that govern stem perennial growth in trees remains largely unanswered. Here we deciphered the genetic architecture that underlies perennial growth trajectories using genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for measures of growth traits across years in a natural population of Populus tomentosa. By analyzing the stem growth trajectory, we identified PtoP4H9, encoding prolyl 4-hydroxylase 9, which is responsible for the natural variation in the growth rate of diameter at breast height (DBH) across years. Quantifying the dynamic genetic contribution of PtoP4H9 loci to stem growth showed that PtoP4H9 played a pivotal role in stem growth regulation. Spatiotemporal expression analysis showed that PtoP4H9 was highly expressed in cambium tissues of poplars of various ages. Overexpression and knockdown of PtoP4H9 revealed that it altered cell expansion to regulate cell wall modification and mechanical characteristics, thereby promoting stem growth in Populus. We showed that natural variation in PtoP4H9 occurred in a BASIC PENTACYSTEINE transcription factor PtoBPC1-binding promoter element controlling PtoP4H9 expression. The geographic distribution of PtoP4H9 allelic variation was consistent with the modes of selection among populations. Altogether, our study provides important genetic insights into dynamic stem growth in Populus, and we confirmed PtoP4H9 as a potential useful marker for breeding or genetic engineering of poplars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Xiao
- School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206,China
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083,China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083,China
| | - Yuanyuan Fang
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083,China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083,China
| | - He Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871,China
| | - Mingyang Quan
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083,China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083,China
| | - Jiaxuan Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083,China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083,China
| | - Peng Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083,China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083,China
| | - Dan Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083,China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083,China
| | - Li Ji
- MOE Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Bioenergy, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083,China
| | - Pär K Ingvarsson
- Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Department of Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7080, SE-750 07 Uppsala,Sweden
| | - Harry X Wu
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Science, 90183 Umeå,Sweden
| | - Yousry A El-Kassaby
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4,Canada
| | - Qingzhang Du
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083,China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083,China
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083,China
| | - Deqiang Zhang
- School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206,China
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083,China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083,China
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Feng J, Zhu C, Cao J, Liu C, Zhang J, Cao F, Zhou X. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the NRT genes in Ginkgo biloba under nitrate treatment reveal the potential roles during calluses browning. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:633. [PMID: 37872493 PMCID: PMC10594704 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09732-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitrate is a primary nitrogen source for plant growth, and previous studies have indicated a correlation between nitrogen and browning. Nitrate transporters (NRTs) are crucial in nitrate allocation. Here, we utilized a genome-wide approach to identify and analyze the expression pattern of 74 potential GbNRTs under nitrate treatments during calluses browning in Ginkgo, including 68 NITRATE TRANSPORTER 1 (NRT1)/PEPTIDE TRANSPORTER (PTR) (NPF), 4 NRT2 and 2 NRT3. Conserved domains, motifs, phylogeny, and cis-acting elements (CREs) were analyzed to demonstrate the evolutionary conservation and functional diversity of GbNRTs. Our analysis showed that the NPF family was divided into eight branches, with the GbNPF2 and GbNPF6 subfamilies split into three groups. Each GbNRT contained 108-214 CREs of 19-36 types, especially with binding sites of auxin and transcription factors v-myb avian myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog (MYB) and basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH). The E1X1X2E2R motif had significant variations in GbNPFs, indicating changes in the potential dynamic proton transporting ability. The expression profiles of GbNRTs indicated that they may function in regulating nitrate uptake and modulating the signaling of auxin and polyphenols biosynthesis, thereby affecting browning in Ginkgo callus induction. These findings provide a better understanding of the role of NRTs during NO3- uptake and utilization in vitro culture, which is crucial to prevent browning and develop an efficient regeneration and suspension production system in Ginkgo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Can Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiaqi Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fuliang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China.
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Guo T, Yang Z, Bao R, Fu X, Wang N, Liu C, Ma F. The m 6A reader MhYTP2 regulates the stability of its target mRNAs contributing to low nitrogen tolerance in apple ( Malus domestica). HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2023; 10:uhad094. [PMID: 37350799 PMCID: PMC10282597 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Studies have shown that the m6A reader primarily affects genes expression by participating in the regulation of mRNA localization, splicing, degradation, translation, and other metabolic processes. Previously, we discovered that the apple (Malus domestica) m6A reader MhYTP2 bound with and destabilized m6A-modified MdMLO19 mRNA. In addition, it enhanced the translation efficiency of m6A-modified mRNA of MdGDH1L, encoding a glutamate dehydrogenase, which confers resistance to powdery mildew. In this study, we report the function of MhYTP2 in the regulation of resistance to low nitrogen (N). The overexpression of MhYTP2 enhances the resistance of apple to low N. We show that MhYTP2 binds with and stabilizes the mRNAs of MdALN, which participates in the allantoin catabolic process and cellular response to N starvation in apple; MdPIDL, which participates in root hair elongation; MdTTG1, which is involved in the differentiation process of trichomes; and MdATG8A, which is a core participant in the regulation of autophagy. In addition, MhYTP2 accelerates the degradation of MdRHD3 mRNA, which regulates root development. RNA immunoprecipitation-seq and electrophoretic mobility shift assays show that the mRNAs of MdALN, MdATG8A, MdPIDL, MdTTG1, and MdRHD3 are the direct targets of MhYTP2. Overexpressing or knocking down the above genes in MhYTP2 overexpressing plants dismisses the function of MhYTP2 under low N, suggesting the role of MhYTP2 is dependent on those genes. Together, these results demonstrate that MhYTP2 enhances the resistance of apple to N deficiency by affecting the stability of the bound mRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianli Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zehua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Ru Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xiaomin Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Na Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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Sun X, Li X, Wang Y, Xu J, Jiang S, Zhang Y. MdMKK9-Mediated the Regulation of Anthocyanin Synthesis in Red-Fleshed Apple in Response to Different Nitrogen Signals. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147755. [PMID: 35887103 PMCID: PMC9324793 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascade is a widely existing signal transduction system in eukaryotes, and plays an important role in the signal transduction processes of plant cells in response to environmental stress. In this study, we screened MdMKK9, a gene in the MAPK family. This gene is directly related to changes in anthocyanin synthesis in the ‘Daihong’ variety of red-fleshed apple (Malus sieversii f neidzwetzkyana (Dieck) Langenf). MdMKK9 expression was up-regulated in ‘Daihong’ tissue culture seedlings cultured at low levels of nitrogen. This change in gene expression up-regulated the expression of genes related to anthocyanin synthesis and nitrogen transport, thus promoting anthocyanin synthesis and causing the tissue culture seedlings to appear red in color. To elucidate the function of MdMKK9, we used the CRISPR/Cas9 system to construct a gene editing vector for MdMKK9 and successfully introduced it into the calli of the ‘Orin’ apple. The MdMKK9 deletion mutants (MUT) calli could not respond to the low level of nitrogen signal, the expression level of anthocyanin synthesis-related genes was down-regulated, and the anthocyanin content was lower than that of the wild type (WT). In contrast, the MdMKK9-overexpressed calli up-regulated the expression level of anthocyanin synthesis-related genes and increased anthocyanin content, and appeared red in conditions of low level of nitrogen or nitrogen deficiency. These results show that MdMKK9 plays a role in the adaptation of red-fleshed apple to low levels of nitrogen by regulating the nitrogen status and anthocyanin accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology of Shandong Province, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (X.S.); (J.X.)
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Xinxin Li
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (X.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yanbo Wang
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (X.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Jihua Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology of Shandong Province, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (X.S.); (J.X.)
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Shenghui Jiang
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (X.L.); (Y.W.)
- Correspondence: (S.J.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yugang Zhang
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (X.L.); (Y.W.)
- Correspondence: (S.J.); (Y.Z.)
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Li Y, Tian B, Wang Y, Wang J, Zhang H, Wang L, Sun G, Yu Y, Zhang H. The Transcription Factor MYB37 Positively Regulates Photosynthetic Inhibition and Oxidative Damage in Arabidopsis Leaves Under Salt Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:943153. [PMID: 35903240 PMCID: PMC9315438 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.943153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
MYB transcription factors (TFs) mediate plant responses and defenses to biotic and abiotic stresses. The effects of overexpression of MYB37, an R2R3 MYB subgroup 14 transcription factors in Arabidopsis thaliana, on chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism, and the contents of osmotic regulatory substances were studied under 100 mM NaCl stress. Compared with the wild type (Col-0), MYB37 overexpression significantly alleviated the salt stress symptoms in A. thaliana plants. Chlorophyll a (Chl a) and chlorophyll b (Chl b) contents were significantly decreased in OE-1 and OE-2 than in Col-0. Particularly, the Chl a/b ratio was also higher in OE-1 and OE-2 than in Col-0 under NaCl stress. However, MYB37 overexpression alleviated the degradation of chlorophyll, especially Chl a. Salt stress inhibited the activities of PSII and PSI in Arabidopsis leaves, but did not affect the activity of PSII electron donor side oxygen-evolving complex (OEC). MYB37 overexpression increased photosynthesis in Arabidopsis by increasing PSII and PSI activities. MYB37 overexpression also promoted the transfer of electrons from Q A to Q B on the PSII receptor side of Arabidopsis under NaCl stress. Additionally, MYB37 overexpression increased Y(II) and Y(NPQ) of Arabidopsis under NaCl stress and decreased Y(NO). These results indicate that MYB37 overexpression increases PSII activity and regulates the proportion of energy dissipation in Arabidopsis leaves under NaCl stress, thus decreasing the proportion of inactivated reaction centers. Salt stress causes excess electrons and energy in the photosynthetic electron transport chain of Arabidopsis leaves, resulting in the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide, leading to oxidative damage. Nevertheless, MYB37 overexpression reduced accumulation of malondialdehyde in Arabidopsis leaves under NaCl stress and alleviated the degree of membrane lipid peroxidation caused by ROS. Salt stress also enhanced the accumulation of soluble sugar (SS) and proline (Pro) in Arabidopsis leaves, thus reducing salt stress damage to plants. Salt stress also degraded soluble protein (SP). Furthermore, the accumulation of osmoregulation substances SS and Pro in OE-1 and OE-2 was not different from that in Col-0 since MYB37 overexpression in Arabidopsis OE-1, and OE-2 did not significantly affect plants under NaCl stress. However, SP content was significantly higher in OE-1 and OE-2 than in Col-0. These results indicate that MYB37 overexpression can alleviate the degradation of Arabidopsis proteins under NaCl stress, promote plant growth and improve salt tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Bei Tian
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiechen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Guangyu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Yongtao Yu
- National Watermelon and Melon Improvement Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Huihui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
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