1
|
An innovative wireless electrochemical card sensor for field-deployable diagnostics of Hepatitis B surface antigen. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3523. [PMID: 36864072 PMCID: PMC9981757 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30340-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A wireless-based detection utilizing an innovative electrochemical card (eCard) sensor controlled by a smartphone was developed for targeting Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). A simple label-free electrochemical platform allows a convenient operation for point-of-care diagnosis. A disposable screen-printed carbon electrode was modified straightforwardly layer-by-layer with chitosan followed by glutaraldehyde, allowing a simple but effective, reproducible, and stable method for covalently immobilizing antibodies. The modification and immobilization processes were verified by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. The smartphone-based eCard sensor was used to quantify HBsAg by measuring the change in current response of the [Fe(CN)6]3-/4- redox couple before and after the presence of HBsAg. Under the optimal conditions, the linear calibration curve for HBsAg was found to be 10-100,000 IU/mL with a detection limit of 9.55 IU/mL. The HBsAg eCard sensor was successfully applied to detect 500 chronic HBV-infected serum samples with satisfactory results, demonstrating the excellent applicability of this system. The sensitivity and specificity of this sensing platform were found to be 97.75% and 93%, respectively. As illustrated, the proposed eCard immunosensor offered a rapid, sensitive, selective, and easy-to-use platform for healthcare providers to rapidly determine the infection status of HBV patients.
Collapse
|
2
|
Mohamed BM, Ismail RS, Saleh IG, Abo-Salem OM, El-Sayed ESM. Olmesartan ameliorates cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis in rats via Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. Tissue Cell 2022; 78:101877. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2022.101877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
3
|
Lin X, Lian X, Luo B, Huang XC. A highly sensitive and stable electrochemical HBV DNA biosensor based on ErGO-supported Cu-MOF. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2020.108095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
4
|
Nagib MM, Tadros MG, Al-Khalek HAA, Rahmo RM, Sabri NA, Khalifa AE, Masoud SI. Molecular mechanisms of neuroprotective effect of adjuvant therapy with phenytoin in pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures: Impact on Sirt1/NRF2 signaling pathways. Neurotoxicology 2018; 68:47-65. [PMID: 30017425 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Current anticonvulsant therapies are principally aimed at suppressing neuronal hyperexcitability to prevent or control the incidence of seizures. However, the role of oxidative stress processes in seizures led to the proposition that antioxidant compounds may be considered as promising candidates for limiting the progression of epilepsy. Accordingly, the aim of this study is to determine if coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and alpha-tocopherol (α-Toc) have a neuroprotective effect in rats against the observed oxidative stress and inflammation during seizures induced by pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) in rats, and to study their interactions with the conventional antiseizure drug phenytoin (PHT), either alone or in combination. Overall, the data revealed that α-Toc and CoQ10 supplementation can ameliorate PTZ-induced seizures and recommended that nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) and silencing information regulator 1 (Sirt1) signaling pathways may exemplify strategic molecular targets for seizure therapies. The results of the present study provide novel mechanistic insights regarding the protective effects of antioxidants and suggest an efficient therapeutic strategy to attenuate seizures. Additionally, concurrent supplementation of CoQ10 and α-Toc may be more effective than either antioxidant alone in decreasing inflammation and oxidative stress in both cortical and hippocampal tissues. Also, CoQ10 and α-Toc effectively reverse the PHT-mediated alterations in the brain antioxidant status when compared to PHT only.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marwa M Nagib
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mariane G Tadros
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hadwa Ali Abd Al-Khalek
- Department of Histology and Cell biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rania M Rahmo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nagwa Ali Sabri
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amani E Khalifa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University seconded to 57357 Children Cancer Hospital as the Scientific Consultant for Pharmacy Affairs, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Somaia I Masoud
- Former Head of Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Su J, Dong J, Kitaguchi T, Ohmuro-Matsuyama Y, Ueda H. Noncompetitive homogeneous immunodetection of small molecules based on beta-glucuronidase complementation. Analyst 2018; 143:2096-2101. [DOI: 10.1039/c8an00074c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Small molecules can be sensitively detected with a positive signal by just mixing and measuring the β-glucuronidase activity within 20 min.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiulong Su
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science
- Institute of Innovative Research
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Japan
| | - Jinhua Dong
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science
- Institute of Innovative Research
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Japan
- Key Laboratory of Biological Medicine in Universities of Shandong Province
| | - Tetsuya Kitaguchi
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science
- Institute of Innovative Research
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Japan
| | - Yuki Ohmuro-Matsuyama
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science
- Institute of Innovative Research
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ueda
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science
- Institute of Innovative Research
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Khalifa MMA, Bakr AG, Osman AT. Protective effects of phloridzin against methotrexate-induced liver toxicity in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 95:529-535. [PMID: 28866420 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.08.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver is the largest internal organ concerning with metabolism, hormonal balance and clarifying of the toxins. One of the main complications of methotrexate (MTX) therapy was the hepatic injury. OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to elucidate the possible protective effects of phloridzin (PHL) against MTX-induced hepatotoxicity as compared to standard agent N-acetylcysteine (NAC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats were randomly divided into a normal control group, a respective group (PHL 40mg/kg/day orally (p.o.) for 10 consecutive days), a hepatotoxicity control group (MTX 20mg/kg, i.p., once), and three treated groups received NAC (150mg/kg/day; a reference standard), PHL (40mg/kg/day) and PHL (80mg/kg/day) p.o. for 10 consecutive days, at the end of the day 3 of the experiment rats were administered MTX. Assessed biomarkers included serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) as liver function parameters, serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and cyclooxygenase-II (COX-II), as inflammatory biomarkers, hepatic total antioxidant capacity (TAC), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), glutathione reduced (GSH), nitrite (NO2-), catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) as oxidative stress biomarkers. Furthermore, hepatic caspase-3 expression was assessed. Biochemical and molecular estimations reinforced by histopathological findings. RESULTS Rats pre-treated with PHL significantly reduced hepatic injury, evidenced by significant reductions in ALT, AST and LDH, TNF-α and COX-II levels, significant reductions in hepatic NO2- and TBARS levels, and significant elevations in hepatic TAC, GSH, GST, CAT and SOD levels. Additionally, downregulation of hepatic caspase-3 expression. Finally, histopathological results consistent with our previous findings. CONCLUSION PHL protects against hepatic injury in rats mainly through mitigation of oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in hepatic tissues and may be promising to alleviate and early treatment of MTX-induced hepatoxicity in man.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M A Khalifa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Minia University, Minia 61511, Egypt
| | - Adel G Bakr
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt.
| | - Adel T Osman
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
El-Sayed ESM, Mansour AM, El-Sawy WS. Protective effect of proanthocyanidins against doxorubicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2017; 31. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- El-Sayed M. El-Sayed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy; Al-Azhar University; Cairo Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Mansour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy; Al-Azhar University; Cairo Egypt
| | - Waleed S. El-Sawy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy; Al-Azhar University; Assiut Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
El-Sayed ESM, Mansour AM, El-Sawy WS. Alpha lipoic acid prevents doxorubicin-induced nephrotoxicity by mitigation of oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in rats. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2017; 31. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- El-Sayed M. El-Sayed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy; Al-Azhar University; Cairo Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Mansour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy; Al-Azhar University; Cairo Egypt
| | - Waleed S. El-Sawy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy; Al-Azhar University; Assiut Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Nagib MM, Tadros MG, ELSayed MI, Khalifa AE. Anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities of olmesartan medoxomil ameliorate experimental colitis in rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 271:106-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Revised: 04/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
10
|
Moety HAAE, Sharkawy RME, Hussein NAEM. Lipocalin: A Novel Diagnostic Marker for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Chronic Liver Disease Patients in Egypt. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE 2013; 04:440-450. [DOI: 10.4236/ijcm.2013.410079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
|
11
|
Abo-Salem OM. The protective effect of aminoguanidine on doxorubicin-induced nephropathy in rats. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2012; 26:1-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.20422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
|
12
|
Nagi MN, Al-Shabanah OA, Hafez MM, Sayed-Ahmed MM. Thymoquinone supplementation attenuates cyclophosphamide-induced cardiotoxicity in rats. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2010; 25:135-42. [PMID: 20957680 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.20369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the possible protective effects of thymoquinone (TQ), the main constituent of the volatile oil of black seed (Nigella sativa), against cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced cardiotoxicity. Adult male Wistar albino rats were divided into four treatment groups. Rats in the first group were served as control. Rats in the second group received TQ (50 mg/L in drinking water) for 12 days. Animals in the third group were injected with a single dose of CP (200 mg/kg, IP) at day 5. Rats in the fourth group received TQ (50 mg/L in drinking water) for 5 days before a single dose of CP (200 mg/kg, IP) and continued thereafter throughout the experiment. On day 13, animals were sacrificed; serum and hearts were isolated and analyzed. Cyclophosphamide resulted in a significant increase in serum creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, cholesterol, triglycerides, creatinine, urea, and tumor necrosis factor-α. In heart tissues, CP resulted in a significant increase in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and total nitrate/nitrite and a significant decrease in reduced glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and adenosine triphosphate levels. Interestingly, TQ supplementation resulted in a complete reversal of all the biochemical changes induced by CP to their control values. Data from this study suggest that TQ supplementation attenuates CP-induced cardiotoxicity by a mechanism related, at least in part, to its ability to decrease oxidative and nitrosative stress and to preserve the activity of antioxidant enzymes as well as its ability to improve the mitochondrial function and energy production. .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud N Nagi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Arafa HMM. Uroprotective effects of curcumin in cyclophosphamide-induced haemorrhagic cystitis paradigm. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2009; 104:393-9. [PMID: 19413659 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2009.00379.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The possible uroprotective effects of curcumin have been addressed in the current study. Haemorrhagic cystitis was induced by challenging male Swiss albino rats with a single dose of cyclophosphamide (150 mg/kg, i.p.). Curcumin (200 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered for 10 consecutive days followed by a single dose of cyclophosphamide. Haemorrhagic cystitis was well characterized morphologically and biochemically. The hallmark of this toxicity was marked congestion, oedema and extravasation in rat urinary bladder, as well as a marked desquamative damage to the urothelium and severe inflammation in the lamina propria. Leucocytic infiltration was also observed and determined by histopathological examination. Serum level of tumour necrosis factor-alpha was notably elevated associated with apparent hypokalaemia and hyponatraemia. Bladder contents of adenosine triphosphate, reduced glutathione and glutathione-S-transferase activity were markedly reduced. Malondialdehyde level, myeloperoxidase activity and urinary nitrite-nitrate levels, expressed as nitric oxide, were dramatically increased. Prior administration of curcumin ahead of cyclophosphamide challenge improved all the biochemical and histologic alterations induced by the cytotoxic drug. Based on these broad findings, it could be concluded that curcumin has proven uroprotective efficacy in this cyclophosphamide haemorrhagic cystitis model, possibly through modulating the release of inflammatory endocoids, namely tumour necrosis factor-alpha and nitric oxide, improving the energy status and restoring the oxidant/antioxidant balance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hossam M M Arafa
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Arafa HMM, Hemeida RA, El-Bahrawy AIM, Hamada FMA. Prophylactic role of curcumin in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis murine model. Food Chem Toxicol 2009; 47:1311-7. [PMID: 19285535 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2009.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2008] [Revised: 02/27/2009] [Accepted: 03/04/2009] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
We have addressed in this study the possible protective role of the main principle of turmeric pigment; curcumin on a murine model of ulcerative colitis (UC). Colitis was induced by administration of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) (3% W/V) in drinking water to male Swiss albino rats for 5 consecutive days. DSS challenge induced UC model that was well characterized morphologically and biochemically. DSS produced shrinkage of colon length and increased the relative colon weight/length ratio accompanied by mucosal edema and bloody stool. Histologically, DSS produced submucosal erosions, ulceration, inflammatory cell infiltration and crypt abscess as well as epithelioglandular hyperplasia. The model was confirmed biochemically, and the test battery entailed elevated serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) and colonic activity of myleoperoxidase (MPO). Colonic glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity and its substrate concentration; GSH, were notably reduced, while lipid peroxidation, expressed as malondialdehyde (MDA) level, and total nitric oxide (NO) were significantly increased. Prior administration of curcumin (100mg/kg, IP) for 7 consecutive days ahead of DSS challenge mitigated the injurious effects of DSS and ameliorated all the altered biochemical parameters. These results suggest that curcumin could possibly have a protective role in ulcerative colitis probably via regulation of oxidant/anti-oxidant balance and modulation of the release of some inflammatory endocoids, namely TNF-alpha and NO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hossam M M Arafa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11231, Egypt.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Arafa HMM. Carnitine deficiency aggravates carboplatin nephropathy through deterioration of energy status, oxidant/anti-oxidant balance, and inflammatory endocoids. Toxicology 2008; 254:51-60. [PMID: 18852009 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2008.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2008] [Revised: 09/04/2008] [Accepted: 09/05/2008] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We have recently shown that carnitine deficiency could represent a risk factor in paracetamol hepatotoxicity. By the same token, d-carnitine-induced carnitine deficiency aggravated carboplatin nephropathy following challenge with a single dose (35mg/kg, IP) of the platinum drug in male Swiss albino rats. The combination modality induced marked degenerative changes and severe inflammation in kidney tissues that surpassed either carboplatin or d-carnitine given alone. The combined regimen synergistically increased the serum levels of creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), palmitate, and kidney malondialdehyde (MDA), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), nitric oxide (NO) contents as well as kidney myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. The only parameter that has been notably decreased was the kidney reduced glutathione (GSH) level. Exaggeration by carnitine deficit of the deleterious effects of carboplatin is most probably ascribed to energy starvation. The reduction in kidney content of ATP parcels was associated with elevation of serum palmitate level that reflected debilitated fatty acid oxidation, and this further deteriorated energy resources in kidney tissues. Compromising the oxidant/anti-oxidant balance and modulating the release of some inflammatory endocoids namely, TNF-alpha and NO could also possibly account for such combinatorial detrimental toxicity. The current study was further extended to elucidate any possible nephroprotective effects of l-carnitine. Interestingly, carnitine supplementation ahead of carboplatin challenge ameliorated and almost normalized all the biochemical parameters and also mitigated the injurious effects of the cytotoxic drug. Thus, one could conclude that carnitine deficiency, whether being a causative clue or a sequela, might represent a risk factor in carboplatin nephropathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hossam M M Arafa
- Department of Pharmacol & Toxicol, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Carnitine deficiency: a possible risk factor in paracetamol hepatotoxicity. Arch Toxicol 2008; 83:139-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-008-0330-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2008] [Accepted: 06/12/2008] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
17
|
Reitano M, Pisano MA, Eriquez LA, D'Amato RF. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of streptolysin O antibodies. J Clin Microbiol 1986; 23:62-5. [PMID: 3700609 PMCID: PMC268573 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.23.1.62-65.1986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
An enzyme-linked immumosorbent assay (ELISA), based upon the detection of streptolysin O antibodies in human sera, was developed. Disposable polystyrene tubes, sensitized with streptolysin O antigen, were used as the test vehicles. Corresponding antibodies, present in test sera, were detected by binding of the antibodies to goat anti-human immunoglobulin G conjugated to horseradish peroxidase. Demonstration of bound conjugate was accomplished by monitoring peroxidase activity spectrophotometrically at 450 nm, using 5-aminosalicylic acid as the indicator. A total of 97 human sera, previously analyzed by means of the anti-streptolysin O titration technique, were evaluated with the ELISA procedure. A direct quantitative relationship, found to be statistically significant, was demonstrated between Todd units and absorbance values obtained with ELISA.
Collapse
|
18
|
|
19
|
Chang HC, Takashima I, Arikawa J, Hashimoto N. Biotin-labeled antigen sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (BLA-S-ELISA) for the detection of Japanese encephalitis antibody in human and a variety of animal sera. J Immunol Methods 1984; 72:401-9. [PMID: 6381601 DOI: 10.1016/0022-1759(84)90008-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A biotin-labeled antigen (BLA) was adapted to a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (S-ELISA) for detection of Japanese encephalitis (JE) antibody in a variety of animal sera. JE antigen was fixed on the wells of a microplate and became bound to the specific antibody which could react with a peroxidase-labeled avidin conjugate and azino-di-(3-ethylbenzthiazolin sulfonic acid) (ABTS) as a substrate. The BLA-S-ELISA could simultaneously detect JE antibody in all hemagglutination inhibition (HI) positive sera from man, swine, monkey, horse, cattle, rabbit, rat, mouse and pigeon by using the same reagents under the same test conditions. The antibody titers obtained by BLA-S-ELISA in human and swine sera corresponded well with HI antibody titers. The sensitivity of BLA-S-ELISA appeared to be higher for IgM antibody than for IgG antibody. Since the non-specific reaction was extremely low in BLA-S-ELISA, the cut-off titer for the assay could be set as low as 1:2.5 of serum dilution for positive antibody.
Collapse
|
20
|
The Use of Chemical and Physiochemical Approaches to Detecting and Identifying Etiological Agents in Clinical Specimens. Clin Biochem 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-657103-5.50010-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
21
|
Perera VY, Creasy MT, Winter AJ. Nylon bead enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of sub-picogram quantities of Brucella antigens. J Clin Microbiol 1983; 18:601-8. [PMID: 6415094 PMCID: PMC270861 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.18.3.601-608.1983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
An indirect sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, using antibody covalently coupled to nylon beads, has been adapted for the detection of Brucella antigens. Optimum conditions were achieved by incubation of 1 ml of reaction mixture with a single bead, and by minimizing nonspecific interactions through the use of beads coated with purified bovine antibodies, preabsorption of third layer rabbit antibodies with normal bovine serum, and treatment of beads with normal goat serum before addition of the goat anti-rabbit enzyme conjugate. Beta-galactosidase was selected for use with clinical samples primarily because of low levels of endogenous enzyme in bovine leukocytes. Use of a fluorogenic substrate enhanced sensitivity 20-fold. Under these conditions, 100 fg of solubilized crude lipopolysaccharide or 8 to 10 Brucella cells was detectable in a fixed volume of 1 ml. A system was also devised for concentrating antigen which permitted ready detection of 2 pg of lipopolysaccharide in a volume of 50 ml (40 fg/ml). Attempts to detect lipopolysaccharide in the presence of concentrated serum or plasma were unsuccessful, but 10 brucellae added to a suspension of leukocytes from 100 ml of normal bovine blood were easily measured.
Collapse
|
22
|
Szewczuk A, Kuropatwa M, Barczyk-Luczykowa K, Ziomek E. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) of acylase in serum of patients with viral hepatitis. Clin Chim Acta 1982; 123:33-7. [PMID: 6749336 DOI: 10.1016/0009-8981(82)90110-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
|
23
|
Sathapatayavongs B, Kohler RB, Wheat LJ, White A, Winn WC, Girod JC, Edelstein PH. Rapid diagnosis of Legionnaires' disease by urinary antigen detection. Comparison of ELISA and radioimmunoassay. Am J Med 1982; 72:576-82. [PMID: 7072742 DOI: 10.1016/0002-9343(82)90451-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed to detect urinary antigen excreted by patients with Legionnaires' disease. Of 47 patients tested, antigen was detected in 39. Of these 39 specimens, 35 gave clearly positive results by visual analysis; four others required spectrophotometric verification of positive results. Antigen was not detected in any of 178 urine specimens from patients with other pulmonary, bacteremic or urinary tract infections after a quick and simple confirmatory test. The assay required more time to perform than a previously described radioimmunoassay but was of equivalent sensitivity and specificity and did not require expensive equipment or contract with radioactive reagents. We conclude that enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay is a rapid, sensitive and specific means for rapidly diagnosing legionnaires' disease that can be performed in clinical laboratories unwilling or unable to use radioisotopes.
Collapse
|
24
|
Zumla A, Voller A. A serological study on primary hepatocellular carcinoma in Zambia. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1982; 76:546-51. [PMID: 6190277 DOI: 10.1016/0035-9203(82)90160-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure alpha-foetoprotein (AFP) levels and to detect Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibody to Hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) in patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma and in controls free of the disease in Zambia. Virtually all the patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma had grossly elevated AFP levels and about two thirds of them were positive for HBsAg. All the controls had much lower AFP levels and one sixth were positive for HBsAg.
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
Serum samples were found to be capable of desorbing as much as 40% of the antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBsAg) adsorbed to plastic surfaces. This previously unreported loss could affect the accuracy of the assay, so chemical fixation was examined as a means for preventing antibody desorption during a 'sandwich' radioimmunoassay for HBsAg. Methods for fixing the anti-HBsAg were developed with glutaraldehyde and ethylchloroformate. Both methods prevented antibody desorption from polyvinylchloride and polystyrene without affecting immunoreactivity in radioimmunoassay. A combined glutaraldehyde-ethylchloroformate method resulted in stronger fixation that fully resisted the sera that caused the greatest desorption. It was found that only polymerized glutaraldehyde fixed anti-HBsAg to plastic; the monomer was ineffective. Anti-HBsAg fixed microtiter plates could be stored for at least 4 weeks without loss of sensitivity in radioimmunoassays. These methods could be adapted for use in other assays where the prevention of protein desorption from the solid phase is an important consideration.
Collapse
|
26
|
Microbiology: Microbial Antigen Detection. Clin Lab Med 1981. [DOI: 10.1016/s0272-2712(18)31116-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
27
|
Wetherall BL, Hallsworth PG, McDonald PJ. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Haemophilus influenzae type b antigen. J Clin Microbiol 1980; 11:573-8. [PMID: 7000809 PMCID: PMC273463 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.11.6.573-578.1980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of Haemophilus influenzae type b antigen was developed. It was able to detect purified polyribose phosphate at concentrations of greater than or equal to 1 ng/ml in cerebrospinal fluid. This was 50 times more sensitive than counterimmunoelectrophoresis with the same antiserum. The sensitivity for polyribose phosphate in urine was similar, but that in serum was about 10 times less. Nonspecific reactions were observed with blood-stained cerebrospinal fluid and some sera. These were differentiated from true positive reactions by a blocking test with unconjugated immune serum. A wide range of organisms was tested for cross-reactivity in the assay. With the exception of a protein A-rich strain of Staphylococcus aureus, they gave absorbances of < 8% of that of the homologous system. In a series of five cases of proven H. influenzae type b meningitis, the sensitivity of the assay with cerebrospinal fluid was confirmed to be at least 2(5) times greater than that of counterimmunoelectrophoresis. The results indicate that the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay is highly sensitive and specific in detecting H. influenzae type b antigen. The necessity to perform the blocking assay on all sera limits its usefulness for the examination of these specimens. However, it should prove valuable for the detection of the antigen in cerebrospinal fluid and urine.
Collapse
|
28
|
Rubin RL, Hardtke MA, Carr RI. The effect of high antigen density on solid-phase radioimmunoassays for antibody regardless of immunoglobulin class. J Immunol Methods 1980; 33:277-92. [PMID: 7373062 DOI: 10.1016/0022-1759(80)90215-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Human sera containing antibody to casein or to bovine serum albumin were used to assess the validity and utility of a solid-phase assay for quantitating antibody activity. Rabbit anti-human immunoglobulin radiolabeled with 125I and capable of reacting with all human immunoglobulin classes was used to detect antibody bound to antigen immobilized to polystyrene tubes by a new covalent technique. This method results in very high antigen concentrations in highly stable association with polystyrene tubes. Kinetic and absorption studies demonstrated that low avidity antibodies are better detected when antigen is immobilized by the covalent method than when passively adsorbed. Conditions are described for minimizing artifactual interactions and for obtaining results similar to those obtained with conventional, liquid-phase assays. Failure to reach equilibrium in solid-phase assays and other problems are proposed to explain, in part, the inability to obtain a better correlation between solid- and liquid-phase immunoassays.
Collapse
|
29
|
Polin RA, Kennett R. Use of monoclonal antibodies in an enzyme immunoassay for rapid identification of group B Streptococcus types II and III. J Clin Microbiol 1980; 11:332-6. [PMID: 6989855 PMCID: PMC273399 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.11.4.332-336.1980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococci belonging to Lancefield group B are frequently recognized as the etiological agents of sepsis and meningitis in young children. Current methods of identifying these organisms have not been universally accepted because of the time and complexity in performing the studies and a lack of reference antisera. We have developed hybrid myeloma (hybridoma) cell lines which secrete large amounts of antibody against types II and III group B streptococci. Antibodies harvested from supernatants react only with the bacterial strain that was used initially to immunize the animals. We have used the hybridoma antibodies in an enzyme immunoassay and have shown it to be a sensitive and reliable technique for typing group B streptococci. The use of hybridoma antibodies in the enzyme immunoassay may permit early detection of group B streptococcal antigen before cultures are visibly positive.
Collapse
|
30
|
Rubin RL, Hardtke MA, Carr RI. The effect of high antigen density on solid-phase radioimmunoassays for antibody regardless of immunoglobulin class. J Immunol Methods 1980. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-1759(80)80018-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
31
|
von der Waart M, Snelting A, Cichy J, Wolters G, Schuurs A. Enzyme-immunoassay in diagnosis of hepatitis with emphasis on the detection of "e" antigen (HBeAg). J Med Virol 1978; 3:43-9. [PMID: 104001 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.1890030111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A brief survey of the application of enzyme-immunoassay (EIA) for the detection of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis A, and their corresponding antibodies is given. The preliminary results of a similar EIA for detection of hepatitis B-related "e" antigen (HBeAg) and its antibody (anti-HBe) are reported. This EIA is much more sensitive than immunodiffusion: at least 128 times for HBeAg and at least 512 times for anti-HBe. HBsAg and its antibody do not interfere with the test. Only a few sera strongly positive for rheumatoid factor gave rise to false-positive results, as was demonstrated by a confirmatory test.
Collapse
|