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Hoff SE, Masters AK, Tropf MA, Noxon JO, Berger DJ. Presumptive and reversible left ventricular systolic dysfunction secondary to chloramphenicol administration in a dog. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/vrc2.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. Hoff
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences Iowa State University Ames Iowa USA
- Missouri Veterinary Dermatology Center University of Missouri Veterinary Health Center Wentzville Missouri USA
| | | | - Melissa A. Tropf
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences Iowa State University Ames Iowa USA
| | - James O. Noxon
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences Iowa State University Ames Iowa USA
| | - Darren J. Berger
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences Iowa State University Ames Iowa USA
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Pesco-Koplowitz L, Gintant G, Ward R, Heon D, Saulnier M, Heilbraun J. Drug-induced cardiac abnormalities in premature infants and neonates. Am Heart J 2018; 195:14-38. [PMID: 29224642 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2017.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The Cardiac Safety Research Consortium (CSRC) is a transparent, public-private partnership that was established in 2005 as a Critical Path Program and formalized in 2006 under a Memorandum of Understanding between the United States Food and Drug Administration and Duke University. Our continuing goal is to advance paradigms for more efficient regulatory science related to the cardiovascular safety of new therapeutics, both in the United States and globally, particularly where such safety questions add burden to innovative research and development. This White Paper provides a summary of discussions by a cardiovascular committee cosponsored by the CSRC and the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) that initially met in December 2014, and periodically convened at FDA's White Oak headquarters from March 2015 to September 2016. The committee focused on the lack of information concerning the cardiac effects of medications in the premature infant and neonate population compared with that of the older pediatric and adult populations. Key objectives of this paper are as follows: Provide an overview of human developmental cardiac electrophysiology, as well as the electrophysiology of premature infants and neonates; summarize all published juvenile animal models relevant to drug-induced cardiac toxicity; provide a consolidated source for all reported drug-induced cardiac toxicities by therapeutic area as a resource for neonatologists; present drugs that have a known cardiac effect in an adult population, but no reported toxicity in the premature infant and neonate populations; and summarize what is not currently known about drug-induced cardiac toxicity in premature infants and neonates, and what could be done to address this lack of knowledge. This paper presents the views of the authors and should not be construed to represent the views or policies of the FDA or Health Canada.
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Yuan D, Pan M, Zou Q, Chen C, Chen S, Xu A. The effect of antibiotic exposure on eicosanoid generation from arachidonic acid and gene expression in a primitive chordate, Branchiostoma belcheri. FEBS Open Bio 2015; 5:615-24. [PMID: 26288743 PMCID: PMC4536258 DOI: 10.1016/j.fob.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chloramphenicol treatment induced immunosuppression and severe tissue damage in amphioxus. KEGG clustering showed that chloramphenicol and ampicillin treatment resulted in immunostimulation. Chloramphenicol treatment induced a ∼3-fold decrease of eicosanoid levels. Chloramphenicol and ampicillin treatment resulted in a 1.7-fold increase of eicosanoid levels. Eicosanoids derived from arachidonic acid provide insights into the effect of chloramphenicol treatment.
Chloramphenicol (Chl) is an effective antimicrobial agent widely used in veterinary medicine and commonly used in fish. Its use is restricted in the clinic because of adverse effects on the immune system and oxidative stress in mammals. However, the effects of Chl treatment on invertebrates remain unclear. Amphioxus, a basal chordate, is an ideal model to study the origin and evolution of the vertebrate immune system as it has a primary vertebrate-like arachidonic acid (AA) metabolic system. Here, we combined transcriptomic and lipidomic approaches to investigate the immune system and observe the oxygenated metabolites of AA to address the antibiotic effects on amphioxus. Tissue necrosis of the gill slits occurred in the Chl-treated amphioxus, but fewer epithelial cells were lost when treated with both Chl and ampicillin (Amp). The immune related pathways were dysregulated in both of the antibiotic treatment groups. The Chl alone treatment resulted in immunosuppression with down-regulation of the innate immune genes. In contrast, the Chl + Amp treatment resulted in immunostimulation to some extent, as shown by KEGG clustering. Furthermore, Chl induced a 3-fold reduction in the level of the eicosanoids, while the Chl + Amp treatment resulted in 1.7-fold increase of eicosanoid level. Thus in amphioxus, Amp might relieve the effects of the Chl-induced immune suppression and increase the level of eicosanoids from AA. Finally, the oxygenated metabolites from AA might be crucial to evaluate the effects of Chl treatment in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjuan Yuan
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China ; Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, National Engineering Research Center of South China Sea Marine Biotechnology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Minming Pan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, National Engineering Research Center of South China Sea Marine Biotechnology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Qiuqiong Zou
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, National Engineering Research Center of South China Sea Marine Biotechnology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Chengyong Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, National Engineering Research Center of South China Sea Marine Biotechnology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Shangwu Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, National Engineering Research Center of South China Sea Marine Biotechnology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Anlong Xu
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, National Engineering Research Center of South China Sea Marine Biotechnology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China ; Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 Bei San Huan Dong Road, Chao-yang District, Beijing 100029, PR China
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Ambekar CS, Lee JSK, Cheung BMY, Chan LC, Liang R, Kumana CR. Chloramphenicol succinate, a competitive substrate and inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase: possible reason for its toxicity. Toxicol In Vitro 2004; 18:441-7. [PMID: 15130601 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2003.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2003] [Accepted: 12/30/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
From our previous study [Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 56 (2000) 405] we hypothesized that chloramphenicol succinate (CAPS) may be a competitive substrate for succinate dehydrogenase (SDH). It may be oxidized by SDH to release chloramphenicol (CAP), which may inhibit SDH by feed back mechanism. The present ex-vivo/in vitro study was aimed to investigate this possibility by using human tissues (bone marrow and liver samples) and animal tissues (rat liver and kidney). The effect of different SDH activators and specific inhibitors was studied on CAPS metabolism by SDH. The metabolites and reduction products were detected by using HPLC. In marrow samples, CAPS was slowly oxidized to form CAP. The formation of CAP (oxidation product) was enhanced by FAD and low malonate and inhibited by high malonate and 3-NPA. Similar results were obtained with mitochondria from human and rat tissues. These studies suggest that CAPS could be a competitive oxidative substrate and the metabolite CAP could be an inhibitor at the reduction site. Therefore, SDH could be a target molecule responsible for CAPS induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Ambekar
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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Abstract
The introduction of several cephalosporins into pediatric practice has provided the physician with a number of choices in the treatment of neonatal and childhood meningitis. Adequate studies are available to indicate that these new drugs are as effective as traditional treatments in terms of survival and major neurologic sequelae but it is not known whether the results are worse or better as far as the incidence of more subtle neurologic changes is concerned. The advantages of the cephalosporins in treatment of childhood meningitis are that they permit single drug therapy, the risks of drug toxicity are reduced, and the problems of penicillin-tolerant pneumococci and ampicillin/chloramphenicol-resistant H. influenzae are avoided. When used in the treatment of neonatal disease, the cephalosporins have the advantage of lower toxicity than the aminoglycosides, generally making blood drug level determinations unnecessary, and are effective against strains of bacteria that have become resistant to the latter drugs.
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Jones RL. Special considerations for appropriate antimicrobial therapy in neonates. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 1987; 17:577-602. [PMID: 3496703 DOI: 10.1016/s0195-5616(87)50055-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Guidelines for the use of antibiotics in puppies and kittens must take into account drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. In the neonate, these factors may differ considerably from those in the adult; thus, there are differences in therapeutic efficacy and adverse effects. This article discusses the special considerations for antimicrobial therapy in neonates and presents a rational approach to selecting antimicrobial therapy that improves the use of antibiotics.
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