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Kawasuji H, Morinaga Y, Tani H, Yamada H, Yoshida Y, Ezaki M, Koshiyama Y, Takegoshi Y, Kaneda M, Murai Y, Kimoto K, Nagaoka K, Niimi H, Yamamoto Y. Low pre-infection levels of neutralizing antibody in breakthrough infections after bivalent BA.4-5 vaccine and practical application of dried blood spots. Vaccine 2024:S0264-410X(24)00656-X. [PMID: 38839519 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.05.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
The level of neutralizing antibodies required to confer protection against COVID-19 breakthrough infections (BIs) is unclear, and the ability to know the immune status of individuals against the rapidly changing endemic variants is limited. We assessed longitudinal serum anti-RBD antibody levels and neutralizing activities (NTs) against Omicron BA.5 and XBB.1.5 in healthcare workers following the fourth monovalent and fifth bivalent BA.4-5 vaccines. The occurrence of BIs was also followed, and pre-infection antibody levels were compared between patients who developed BI and those who did not. In addition, we collected whole blood samples on the same day as the sera and stored them on filter papers (nos. 545, 590, and 424) for up to two months, then measured their NTs using dried blood spots (DBS) eluates, and compared them with the NTs in paired sera. Pre-infection levels of NTs were lower in patients who developed BI than those who did not, but the anti-RBD antibody levels were not different between them. The NTs below 50 % using 200-fold diluted sera might be one of the indicators of high risk for COVID-19 BI. However, the NTs against XBB.1.5 at 6 months after the fifth dose of bivalent BA.4-5 vaccine were lower than this threshold in almost half of infection-naïve participants. NTs measured using DBS eluates were strongly correlated with those measured using paired sera, but the time and temperature stability varied with the type of filter paper; no. 545 filter paper was found to most suitable for NT evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Kawasuji
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Toyama University Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yoshitomo Morinaga
- Department of Microbiology, Toyama University Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan.
| | - Hideki Tani
- Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, Toyama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamada
- Department of Microbiology, Toyama University Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Yoshida
- Department of Microbiology, Toyama University Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Ezaki
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Toyama University Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yuki Koshiyama
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Toyama University Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yusuke Takegoshi
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Toyama University Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
| | - Makito Kaneda
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Toyama University Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yushi Murai
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Toyama University Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kou Kimoto
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Toyama University Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kentaro Nagaoka
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Toyama University Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
| | - Hideki Niimi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Molecular Pathology, Toyama University Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Yamamoto
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Toyama University Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
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Cruz Cisneros MC, Anderson EJ, Hampton BK, Parotti B, Sarkar S, Taft-Benz S, Bell TA, Blanchard M, Dillard JA, Dinnon KH, Hock P, Leist SR, Madden EA, Shaw GD, West A, Baric RS, Baxter VK, Pardo-Manuel de Villena F, Heise MT, Ferris MT. Host Genetic Variation Impacts SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Response in the Diversity Outbred Mouse Population. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:103. [PMID: 38276675 PMCID: PMC10821422 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12010103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic led to the rapid and worldwide development of highly effective vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. However, there is significant individual-to-individual variation in vaccine efficacy due to factors including viral variants, host age, immune status, environmental and host genetic factors. Understanding those determinants driving this variation may inform the development of more broadly protective vaccine strategies. While host genetic factors are known to impact vaccine efficacy for respiratory pathogens such as influenza and tuberculosis, the impact of host genetic variation on vaccine efficacy against COVID-19 is not well understood. To model the impact of host genetic variation on SARS-CoV-2 vaccine efficacy, while controlling for the impact of non-genetic factors, we used the Diversity Outbred (DO) mouse model. We found that DO mice immunized against SARS-CoV-2 exhibited high levels of variation in vaccine-induced neutralizing antibody responses. While the majority of the vaccinated mice were protected from virus-induced disease, similar to human populations, we observed vaccine breakthrough in a subset of mice. Importantly, we found that this variation in neutralizing antibody, virus-induced disease, and viral titer is heritable, indicating that the DO serves as a useful model system for studying the contribution of genetic variation of both vaccines and disease outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta C. Cruz Cisneros
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Curriculum, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (M.C.C.C.); (B.K.H.)
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (B.P.); (S.S.); (S.T.-B.); (T.A.B.); (M.B.); (P.H.); (G.D.S.); (F.P.-M.d.V.); (M.T.H.)
| | - Elizabeth J. Anderson
- Division of Comparative Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (E.J.A.); (V.K.B.)
| | - Brea K. Hampton
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Curriculum, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (M.C.C.C.); (B.K.H.)
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (B.P.); (S.S.); (S.T.-B.); (T.A.B.); (M.B.); (P.H.); (G.D.S.); (F.P.-M.d.V.); (M.T.H.)
| | - Breantié Parotti
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (B.P.); (S.S.); (S.T.-B.); (T.A.B.); (M.B.); (P.H.); (G.D.S.); (F.P.-M.d.V.); (M.T.H.)
| | - Sanjay Sarkar
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (B.P.); (S.S.); (S.T.-B.); (T.A.B.); (M.B.); (P.H.); (G.D.S.); (F.P.-M.d.V.); (M.T.H.)
| | - Sharon Taft-Benz
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (B.P.); (S.S.); (S.T.-B.); (T.A.B.); (M.B.); (P.H.); (G.D.S.); (F.P.-M.d.V.); (M.T.H.)
| | - Timothy A. Bell
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (B.P.); (S.S.); (S.T.-B.); (T.A.B.); (M.B.); (P.H.); (G.D.S.); (F.P.-M.d.V.); (M.T.H.)
| | - Matthew Blanchard
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (B.P.); (S.S.); (S.T.-B.); (T.A.B.); (M.B.); (P.H.); (G.D.S.); (F.P.-M.d.V.); (M.T.H.)
| | - Jacob A. Dillard
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (J.A.D.); (E.A.M.); (R.S.B.)
| | - Kenneth H. Dinnon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (J.A.D.); (E.A.M.); (R.S.B.)
| | - Pablo Hock
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (B.P.); (S.S.); (S.T.-B.); (T.A.B.); (M.B.); (P.H.); (G.D.S.); (F.P.-M.d.V.); (M.T.H.)
| | - Sarah R. Leist
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (S.R.L.)
| | - Emily A. Madden
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (J.A.D.); (E.A.M.); (R.S.B.)
| | - Ginger D. Shaw
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (B.P.); (S.S.); (S.T.-B.); (T.A.B.); (M.B.); (P.H.); (G.D.S.); (F.P.-M.d.V.); (M.T.H.)
| | - Ande West
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (S.R.L.)
| | - Ralph S. Baric
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (J.A.D.); (E.A.M.); (R.S.B.)
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (S.R.L.)
| | - Victoria K. Baxter
- Division of Comparative Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (E.J.A.); (V.K.B.)
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
| | - Fernando Pardo-Manuel de Villena
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (B.P.); (S.S.); (S.T.-B.); (T.A.B.); (M.B.); (P.H.); (G.D.S.); (F.P.-M.d.V.); (M.T.H.)
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Mark T. Heise
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (B.P.); (S.S.); (S.T.-B.); (T.A.B.); (M.B.); (P.H.); (G.D.S.); (F.P.-M.d.V.); (M.T.H.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (J.A.D.); (E.A.M.); (R.S.B.)
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Martin T. Ferris
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (B.P.); (S.S.); (S.T.-B.); (T.A.B.); (M.B.); (P.H.); (G.D.S.); (F.P.-M.d.V.); (M.T.H.)
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