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Su R, Li X, Xiao J, Xu J, Tian J, Liu T, Hu Y. UiO-66 nanoparticles combat influenza A virus in mice by activating the RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:99. [PMID: 38461229 PMCID: PMC10925002 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02358-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The Influenza A virus (IAV) is a zoonotic pathogen that infects humans and various animal species. Infection with IAV can cause fever, anorexia, and dyspnea and is often accompanied by pneumonia characterized by an excessive release of cytokines (i.e., cytokine storm). Nanodrug delivery systems and nanoparticles are a novel approach to address IAV infections. Herein, UiO-66 nanoparticles (NPs) are synthesized using a high-temperature melting reaction. The in vitro and in vivo optimal concentrations of UiO-66 NPs for antiviral activity are 200 μg mL-1 and 60 mg kg-1, respectively. Transcriptome analysis revealed that UiO-66 NPs can activate the RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway, thereby enhancing the downstream type I interferon antiviral effect. These NPs suppress inflammation-related pathways, including the FOXO, HIF, and AMPK signaling pathways. The inhibitory effect of UiO-66 NPs on the adsorption and entry of IAV into A549 cells is significant. This study presents novel findings that demonstrate the effective inhibition of IAV adsorption and entry into cells via UiO-66 NPs and highlights their ability to activate the cellular RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway, thereby exerting an anti-IAV effect in vitro or in mice. These results provide valuable insights into the mechanism of action of UiO-66 NPs against IAV and substantial data for advancing innovative antiviral nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijing Su
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xinsen Li
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jin Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Bioproduction and Chemical Medicine of the Ministry of Agriculture, Zhongmu Institutes of China Animal Husbandry Industry Co., Ltd, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiawei Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jijing Tian
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Tianlong Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Yanxin Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100193, China.
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2
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Bialy D, Richardson S, Chrzastek K, Bhat S, Polo N, Freimanis G, Iqbal M, Shelton H. Recombinant A(H6N1)-H274Y avian influenza virus with dual drug resistance does not require permissive mutations to retain the replicative fitness in vitro and in ovo. Virology 2024; 590:109954. [PMID: 38086284 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2023.109954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The possible emergence of drug-resistant avian flu raises concerns over the limited effectiveness of currently approved antivirals (neuraminidase inhibitors - NAIs) in the hypothetical event of a zoonotic spillover. Our study demonstrated that the recombinant avian A(H6N1) viruses showed reduced inhibition (RI) by multiple NAI drugs following the introduction of point mutations found predominantly in the neuraminidase gene (NA) of NAI-resistant human influenza strains (E119V, R292K and H274Y; N2 numbering). Moreover, A(H6N1)-H274Y showed increased replication efficiency in vitro, and a fitness advantage over wild-type (WT) when co-inoculated into embryonated hen's eggs. The results presented in our study together with the zoonotic potential of the A(H6N1) virus as evidenced by the human infection from 2013, highlight the need for enhanced monitoring of NAI resistance-associated signatures in circulating LPAI (low pathogenic avian influenza) globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmara Bialy
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey, GU24 0NF, United Kingdom.
| | - Samuel Richardson
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey, GU24 0NF, United Kingdom.
| | - Klaudia Chrzastek
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey, GU24 0NF, United Kingdom.
| | - Sushant Bhat
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey, GU24 0NF, United Kingdom.
| | - Noemi Polo
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey, GU24 0NF, United Kingdom.
| | - Graham Freimanis
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey, GU24 0NF, United Kingdom.
| | - Munir Iqbal
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey, GU24 0NF, United Kingdom.
| | - Holly Shelton
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey, GU24 0NF, United Kingdom.
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3
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Hu Y, Lewandowski EM, Tan H, Zhang X, Morgan RT, Zhang X, Jacobs LMC, Butler SG, Gongora MV, Choy J, Deng X, Chen Y, Wang J. Naturally Occurring Mutations of SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease Confer Drug Resistance to Nirmatrelvir. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2023; 9:1658-1669. [PMID: 37637734 PMCID: PMC10451032 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c00538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) is the drug target of Pfizer's oral drug nirmatrelvir. The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants with mutations in Mpro raised the alarm of potential drug resistance. To identify potential clinically relevant drug-resistant mutants, we systematically characterized 102 naturally occurring Mpro mutants located at 12 residues at the nirmatrelvir-binding site, among which 22 mutations in 5 residues, including S144M/F/A/G/Y, M165T, E166 V/G/A, H172Q/F, and Q192T/S/L/A/I/P/H/V/W/C/F, showed comparable enzymatic activity to the wild-type (kcat/Km < 10-fold change) while being resistant to nirmatrelvir (Ki > 10-fold increase). X-ray crystal structures were determined for six representative mutants with and/or without GC-376/nirmatrelvir. Using recombinant SARS-CoV-2 viruses generated from reverse genetics, we confirmed the drug resistance in the antiviral assay and showed that Mpro mutants with reduced enzymatic activity had attenuated viral replication. Overall, our study identified several drug-resistant hotspots in Mpro that warrant close monitoring for possible clinical evidence of nirmatrelvir resistance, some of which have already emerged in independent viral passage assays conducted by others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Hu
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Eric M. Lewandowski
- Department
of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - Haozhou Tan
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- Department
Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
- Oklahoma
Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Ryan T. Morgan
- Department
of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - Xiujun Zhang
- Department
of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - Lian M. C. Jacobs
- Department
of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - Shane G. Butler
- Department
of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - Maura V. Gongora
- Department
of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - John Choy
- Department
Biology, School of Arts and Sciences, the
Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, United States
| | - Xufang Deng
- Department
Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
- Oklahoma
Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Yu Chen
- Department
of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - Jun Wang
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08854, United States
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4
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Narayan R, Sharma M, Yadav R, Biji A, Khatun O, Kaur S, Kanojia A, Joy CM, Rajmani R, Sharma PR, Jeyasankar S, Rani P, Shandil RK, Narayanan S, Rao DC, Satchidanandam V, Das S, Agarwal R, Tripathi S. Picolinic acid is a broad-spectrum inhibitor of enveloped virus entry that restricts SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A virus in vivo. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:101127. [PMID: 37463584 PMCID: PMC10439173 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic highlights an urgent need for effective antivirals. Targeting host processes co-opted by viruses is an attractive antiviral strategy with a high resistance barrier. Picolinic acid (PA) is a tryptophan metabolite endogenously produced in mammals. Here, we report the broad-spectrum antiviral activity of PA against enveloped viruses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), influenza A virus (IAV), flaviviruses, herpes simplex virus, and parainfluenza virus. Mechanistic studies reveal that PA inhibits enveloped virus entry by compromising viral membrane integrity, inhibiting virus-cellular membrane fusion, and interfering with cellular endocytosis. More importantly, in pre-clinical animal models, PA exhibits promising antiviral efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 and IAV. Overall, our data establish PA as a broad-spectrum antiviral with promising pre-clinical efficacy against pandemic viruses SARS-CoV-2 and IAV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Narayan
- Emerging Viral Pathogens Laboratory, Infosys Wing, Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India; Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
| | - Mansi Sharma
- Emerging Viral Pathogens Laboratory, Infosys Wing, Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India; Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
| | - Rajesh Yadav
- Emerging Viral Pathogens Laboratory, Infosys Wing, Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India; Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
| | - Abhijith Biji
- Emerging Viral Pathogens Laboratory, Infosys Wing, Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India; Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
| | - Oyahida Khatun
- Emerging Viral Pathogens Laboratory, Infosys Wing, Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India; Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
| | - Sumandeep Kaur
- Emerging Viral Pathogens Laboratory, Infosys Wing, Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India; Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
| | - Aditi Kanojia
- Emerging Viral Pathogens Laboratory, Infosys Wing, Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India; Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
| | - Christy Margrat Joy
- Emerging Viral Pathogens Laboratory, Infosys Wing, Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India; Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
| | - Raju Rajmani
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
| | - Pallavi Raj Sharma
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
| | - Sharumathi Jeyasankar
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
| | - Priya Rani
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
| | - Radha Krishan Shandil
- Foundation for Neglected Disease Research, KIADB Industrial Area, Doddaballapur, Bengaluru 561203, India
| | - Shridhar Narayanan
- Foundation for Neglected Disease Research, KIADB Industrial Area, Doddaballapur, Bengaluru 561203, India
| | - Durga Chilakalapudi Rao
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Engineering and Sciences, SRM University, Andhra Pradesh 522240, India
| | - Vijaya Satchidanandam
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
| | - Saumitra Das
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
| | - Rachit Agarwal
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
| | - Shashank Tripathi
- Emerging Viral Pathogens Laboratory, Infosys Wing, Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India; Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India.
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5
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Santos-Mendoza T. The Envelope (E) Protein of SARS-CoV-2 as a Pharmacological Target. Viruses 2023; 15:v15041000. [PMID: 37112980 PMCID: PMC10143767 DOI: 10.3390/v15041000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus is still a global health concern. Several spike (S) protein-based vaccines have been developed that efficiently protect the human population against severe forms of COVID-19. However, some SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) have emerged that evade the protective effect of vaccine-induced antibodies. Therefore, efficient and specific antiviral treatments to control COVID-19 are indispensable. To date, two drugs have been approved for mild COVID-19 treatment; nevertheless, more drugs, preferably broad-spectrum and ready-to-use therapeutic agents for new pandemics, are needed. Here, I discuss the PDZ-dependent protein-protein interactions of the viral E protein with host proteins as attractive alternatives for the development of antivirals against coronavirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Santos-Mendoza
- Laboratory of Transcriptomics and Molecular Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
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6
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Anti-inflammatory effects of theaflavin-3'-gallate during influenza virus infection through regulating the TLR4/MAPK/p38 pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 938:175332. [PMID: 36265612 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Severe pathological damage caused by the influenza virus is one of the leading causes of death. However, the prevention and control strategies for influenza virus infection have certain limitations, and the exploration for new influenza antiviral drugs has become the major research direction. This study evaluated the antiviral activities of four theaflavin derivatives (TFs). Cytopathic effect (CPE) reduction assay revealed that theaflavin-3'-gallate (TF2b) and theaflavin (TF1) could effectively inhibit the replication of influenza viruses H1N1-UI182, H1N1-PR8, H3N2, and H5N1, and TF2b exhibited the most significant antiviral activity in vivo. Intraperitoneal injection of TF2b at 40 mg/kg/d effectively alleviated viral pneumonia, maintained body weight, and improved the survival rate of mice infected with a lethal dose of H1N1-UI182 to 55.56%. Hematological analysis of peripheral blood further showed that TF2b increased the number of lymphocytes and decreased the number of neutrophils, monocytes, and platelets in the blood of infected mice. RT-qPCR results showed that TF2b reduced the mRNA expression levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β), chemokines (CXCL-2 and CCL-3), and interferons (IFN-α and IFN-γ) after influenza virus infection. In addition, TF2b significantly down-regulated the expression levels of TLR4, p-p38, p-ERK, and cytokines IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-10. These results suggest that TF2b not only significantly inhibits viral replication and proliferation in vitro, but also alleviates pneumonia injury in vivo. Its antiviral effect might be attributed to the down-regulation of influenza virus-induced inflammatory cytokines by regulating the TLR4/MAPK/p38 signaling pathway.
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7
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Latosińska JN, Latosińska M, Orzeszko A, Maurin JK. Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Adamantylated 4,5,6,7-Tetrahalogeno-1 H-benzimidazoles Novel Multi-Target Ligands (Potential CK2, M2 and SARS-CoV-2 Inhibitors); X-ray/DFT/QTAIM/Hirshfeld Surfaces/Molecular Docking Study. Molecules 2022; 28:molecules28010147. [PMID: 36615341 PMCID: PMC9822452 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of new congeners, 1-[2-(1-adamantyl)ethyl]-1H-benzimidazole (AB) and 1-[2-(1-adamantyl)ethyl]-4,5,6,7-tetrahalogeno-1H-benzimidazole (Hal=Cl, Br, I; tClAB, tBrAB, tIAB), have been synthesized and studied. These novel multi-target ligands combine a benzimidazole ring known to show antitumor activity and an adamantyl moiety showing anti-influenza activity. Their crystal structures were determined by X-ray, while intermolecular interactions were studied using topological Bader's Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules, Hirshfeld Surfaces, CLP and PIXEL approaches. The newly synthesized compounds crystallize within two different space groups, P-1 (AB and tIAB) and P21/c (tClAB and tBrAB). A number of intramolecular hydrogen bonds, C-H⋯Hal (Hal=Cl, Br, I), were found in all halogen-containing congeners studied, but the intermolecular C-H⋯N hydrogen bond was detected only in AB and tIAB, while C-Hal⋯π only in tClAB and tBrAB. The interplay between C-H⋯N and C-H⋯Hal hydrogen bonds and a shift from the strong (C-H⋯Cl) to the very weak (C-H⋯I) attractive interactions upon Hal exchange, supplemented with Hal⋯Hal overlapping, determines the differences in the symmetry of crystalline packing and is crucial from the biological point of view. The hypothesis about the potential dual inhibitor role of the newly synthesized congeners was verified using molecular docking and the congeners were found to be pharmaceutically attractive as Human Casein Kinase 2, CK2, inhibitors, Membrane Matrix 2 Protein, M2, blockers and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2, inhibitors. The addition of adamantyl moiety seems to broaden and modify the therapeutic indices of the 4,5,6,7-tetrahalogeno-1H-benzimidazoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Natalia Latosińska
- Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 2, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-61-8295277
| | - Magdalena Latosińska
- Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 2, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Andrzej Orzeszko
- Institute of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 159C Nowoursynowska St., 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jan Krzysztof Maurin
- National Medicines Institute, Chełmska 30/34, 00-750 Warsaw, Poland
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, Andrzeja Sołtana 7, 05-400 Otwock-Świerk, Poland
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8
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Alqarni S, Cooper L, Galvan Achi J, Bott R, Sali VK, Brown A, Santarsiero BD, Krunic A, Manicassamy B, Peet NP, Zhang P, Thatcher GRJ, Gaisina IN, Rong L, Moore TW. Synthesis, Optimization, and Structure-Activity Relationships of Imidazo[1,2- a]pyrimidines as Inhibitors of Group 2 Influenza A Viruses. J Med Chem 2022; 65:14104-14120. [PMID: 36260129 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The influenza A virus (IAV) is a highly contagious virus that causes pandemics and seasonal epidemics, which are major public health issues. Current anti-influenza therapeutics are limited partly due to the continuous emergence of drug-resistant IAV strains; thus, there is an unmet need to develop novel anti-influenza therapies. Here, we present a novel imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidine scaffold that targets group 2 IAV entry. We have explored three different regions of the lead compound, and we have developed a series of small molecules that have nanomolar activity against oseltamivir-sensitive and -resistant forms of group 2 IAVs. These small molecules target hemagglutinin (HA), which mediates the viral entry process. Mapping a known small-molecule-binding cavity of the HA structure with resistant mutants suggests that these molecules bind to that cavity and block HA-mediated membrane fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad Alqarni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Ha'il, Ha'il 81442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Laura Cooper
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Jazmin Galvan Achi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Ryan Bott
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Veeresh Kumar Sali
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Andrew Brown
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Bernard D Santarsiero
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Aleksej Krunic
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Balaji Manicassamy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Norton P Peet
- Chicago BioSolutions Inc., Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Pin Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Gregory R J Thatcher
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Irina N Gaisina
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States.,Chicago BioSolutions Inc., Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Lijun Rong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States.,Chicago BioSolutions Inc., Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Terry W Moore
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States.,UI Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
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9
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Zhao J, Wang J, Pang X, Liu Z, Li Q, Yi D, Zhang Y, Fang X, Zhang T, Zhou R, Zhang T, Guo Z, Liu W, Li X, Liang C, Deng T, Guo F, Yu L, Cen S. An anti-influenza A virus microbial metabolite acts by degrading viral endonuclease PA. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2079. [PMID: 35440123 PMCID: PMC9019042 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29690-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of new highly pathogenic and drug-resistant influenza strains urges the development of novel therapeutics for influenza A virus (IAV). Here, we report the discovery of an anti-IAV microbial metabolite called APL-16-5 that was originally isolated from the plant endophytic fungus Aspergillus sp. CPCC 400735. APL-16-5 binds to both the E3 ligase TRIM25 and IAV polymerase subunit PA, leading to TRIM25 ubiquitination of PA and subsequent degradation of PA in the proteasome. This mode of action conforms to that of a proteolysis targeting chimera which employs the cellular ubiquitin-proteasome machinery to chemically induce the degradation of target proteins. Importantly, APL-16-5 potently inhibits IAV and protects mice from lethal IAV infection. Therefore, we have identified a natural microbial metabolite with potent in vivo anti-IAV activity and the potential of becoming a new IAV therapeutic. The antiviral mechanism of APL-16-5 opens the possibility of improving its anti-IAV potency and specificity by adjusting its affinity for TRIM25 and viral PA protein through medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyuan Zhao
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical School, 100050, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical School, 100050, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xu Pang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical School, 100050, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zhenlong Liu
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Quanjie Li
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical School, 100050, Beijing, PR China
| | - Dongrong Yi
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical School, 100050, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yongxin Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical School, 100050, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xiaomei Fang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical School, 100050, Beijing, PR China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical School, 100050, Beijing, PR China
| | - Rui Zhou
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical School, 100050, Beijing, PR China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical School, 100050, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zhe Guo
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical School, 100050, Beijing, PR China
| | - Wancang Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical School, 100050, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical School, 100050, Beijing, PR China
| | - Chen Liang
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Tao Deng
- Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Guo
- Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical School, 100730, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Liyan Yu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical School, 100050, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Shan Cen
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical School, 100050, Beijing, PR China.
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10
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Kauffmann AD, Kennedy SD, Moss WN, Kierzek E, Kierzek R, Turner DH. Nuclear magnetic resonance reveals a two hairpin equilibrium near the 3'-splice site of influenza A segment 7 mRNA that can be shifted by oligonucleotides. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 28:508-522. [PMID: 34983822 PMCID: PMC8925974 DOI: 10.1261/rna.078951.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Influenza A kills hundreds of thousands of people globally every year and has the potential to generate more severe pandemics. Influenza A's RNA genome and transcriptome provide many potential therapeutic targets. Here, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments suggest that one such target could be a hairpin loop of 8 nucleotides in a pseudoknot that sequesters a 3' splice site in canonical pairs until a conformational change releases it into a dynamic 2 × 2-nt internal loop. NMR experiments reveal that the hairpin loop is dynamic and able to bind oligonucleotides as short as pentamers. A 3D NMR structure of the complex contains 4 and likely 5 bp between pentamer and loop. Moreover, a hairpin sequence was discovered that mimics the equilibrium of the influenza hairpin between its structure in the pseudoknot and upon release of the splice site. Oligonucleotide binding shifts the equilibrium completely to the hairpin secondary structure required for pseudoknot folding. The results suggest this hairpin can be used to screen for compounds that stabilize the pseudoknot and potentially reduce splicing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Kauffmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
- Center for RNA Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - Scott D Kennedy
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
| | - Walter N Moss
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - Elzbieta Kierzek
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 61-704 Poznan, Poland
| | - Ryszard Kierzek
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 61-704 Poznan, Poland
| | - Douglas H Turner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
- Center for RNA Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
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11
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Protein Disulfide Isomerase A3 Regulates Influenza Neuraminidase Activity and Influenza Burden in the Lung. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031078. [PMID: 35162999 PMCID: PMC8834910 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza (IAV) neuraminidase (NA) is a glycoprotein required for the viral exit from the cell. NA requires disulfide bonds for proper function. We have recently demonstrated that protein disulfide isomerase (PDI)A3 is required for oxidative folding of IAV hemagglutinin (HA), and viral propagation. However, it not known whether PDIs are required for NA maturation or if these interactions represent a putative target for the treatment of influenza infection. We sought to determine whether PDIA3 is required for disulfide bonds of NA, its activity, and propagation of the virus. Requirement of disulfides for NA oligomerization and activity were determined using biotin switch and redox assays in WT and PDIA3−/− in A549 cells. A PDI specific inhibitor (LOC14) was utilized to determine the requirement of PDIs in NA activity, IAV burden, and inflammatory response in A549 and primary mouse tracheal epithelial cells. Mice were treated with the inhibitor LOC14 and subsequently examined for IAV burden, NA activity, cytokine, and immune response. IAV-NA interacts with PDIA3 and this interaction is required for NA activity. PDIA3 ablation or inhibition decreased NA activity, viral burden, and inflammatory response in lung epithelial cells. LOC14 treatment significantly attenuated the influenza-induced inflammatory response in mice including the overall viral burden. These results provide evidence for PDIA3 inhibition suppressing NA activity, potentially providing a novel platform for host-targeted antiviral therapies.
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12
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Sette-DE-Souza PH, Costa MJF, Araújo FAC, Alencar EN, Amaral-Machado L. Two phytocompounds from Schinopsis brasiliensis show promising antiviral activity with multiples targets in Influenza A virus. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2021; 93:e20210964. [PMID: 34817041 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202120210964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus, the main flu agent, affects billions of people worldwide. Conventional treatments still present limitations related to drug-resistance and severe side effects. As a result, natural product-derived molecules have been increasingly investigated as prospect drug candidates. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the possible anti-flu activity and to evaluate the toxicity and pharmacokinetic parameters, by in silico approaches, of the Schinopsis brasiliensis Engl. phytochemical compounds. Nine phytocompounds and six antiviral drugs (Amantadine, Umifenovir, Favipiravir, Nitazoxanide, Oseltamivir, Zanamivir) were selected for the analyses against four Influenza A proteins: neuraminidase, polymerase basic protein 2, hemagglutinin and M2 ion channel protein. The molecular docking, the predicted antiviral activity, the predicted toxicity and the pharmacokinetics investigations were conducted. The obtained results demonstrated that Syringaresinol and Cycloartenone display promising in silico antiviral activity (binding energy < 5.0 and ≥ 9.0 kcal/mol) and safety (low toxicity than commercial anti-flu drugs). Overall, this study corroborated the hypothesis that S. brasiliensis barks extract has a biological activity against Influenza A virus. Additionally, Syringaresinol and Cycloartenone have multiple targets in Influenza A virus and showed themselves as the most promising phytocompounds to be isolated and considered for the therapeutic arsenal against the flu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Henrique Sette-DE-Souza
- Universidade de Pernambuco, Faculdade de Odontologia, Rua Cicero Monteiro de Melo, s/n, São Cristóvão, 56503-146 Arcoverde, PE, Brazil.,Universidade de Pernambuco, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Desenvolvimento Socioambiental (PPGSDS), Rua Capitão Pedro Rodrigues, 105, São José, 55294-902 Garanhuns, PE, Brazil.,Universidade de Pernambuco, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Odontologia, Av. General, Newton Cavalcanti, 1650, Tabatinga, 54756-220 Camaragibe, PE, Brazil
| | - Moan J F Costa
- Universidade de Pernambuco, Faculdade de Odontologia, Rua Cicero Monteiro de Melo, s/n, São Cristóvão, 56503-146 Arcoverde, PE, Brazil
| | - Fábio A C Araújo
- Universidade de Pernambuco, Faculdade de Odontologia, Rua Cicero Monteiro de Melo, s/n, São Cristóvão, 56503-146 Arcoverde, PE, Brazil.,Universidade de Pernambuco, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Odontologia, Av. General, Newton Cavalcanti, 1650, Tabatinga, 54756-220 Camaragibe, PE, Brazil
| | - Everton N Alencar
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Departamento de Farmácia, Rua General Gustavo Cordeiro de Faria, s/n, Petrópolis, 59012-570 Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Lucas Amaral-Machado
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Departamento de Farmácia, Rua General Gustavo Cordeiro de Faria, s/n, Petrópolis, 59012-570 Natal, RN, Brazil
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13
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Shao L, Yang F, Su Y, Li W, Zhang J, Xu H, Huang B, Sun M, Mu Y, Zhang Y, Yu F. Design and Synthesis of Oleanolic Acid Trimers to Enhance Inhibition of Influenza Virus Entry. ACS Med Chem Lett 2021; 12:1759-1765. [PMID: 34795865 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.1c00374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza is a major threat to millions of people worldwide. Entry inhibitors are of particular interest for the development of novel therapeutic strategies for influenza. We have previously discovered oleanolic acid (OA) to be a mild influenza hemagglutinin (HA) inhibitor. In this work, inspired by the 3D structure of HA as a homotrimeric receptor, we designed and synthesized 15 OA trimers with different linkers and central region via the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction. All of the OA trimers were evaluated for their antiviral activities in vitro, and 12c, 12e, 13c, and 13d were observed to exhibit robust potency (IC50 in the submicromolar range) against influenza A/WSN/33 (H1N1) virus that was stronger than that observed with oseltamivir. In addition, these compounds also displayed strong biological activity against A/Hong Kong/4801/2014 and B/Sichuan/531/2018 (BV). The results of hemagglutination inhibition assays and surface plasmon resonance binding assays suggest that these OA trimers may interrupt the interaction between the HA protein of influenza virus and the host cell sialic acid receptor, thus blocking viral entry. These findings highlight the utility of multivalent OA conjugates to enhance the ligand-target interactions in anti-influenza virus drug design and are also helpful for studying antiviral drugs derived from natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Shao
- Medical School of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Medical School of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Yangqing Su
- Medical School of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Weijia Li
- Medical School of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Jihong Zhang
- Medical School of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Huan Xu
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratories, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518132, China
| | - Boxuan Huang
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518052, China
| | - Mengsi Sun
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratories, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518132, China
| | - Yu Mu
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratories, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518132, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Medical School of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Fei Yu
- Medical School of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
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14
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Di Petrillo A, Orrù G, Fais A, Fantini MC. Quercetin and its derivates as antiviral potentials: A comprehensive review. Phytother Res 2021; 36:266-278. [PMID: 34709675 PMCID: PMC8662201 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Quercetin, widely distributed in fruits and vegetables, is a flavonoid known for its antioxidant, antiviral, antimicrobial, and antiinflammatory properties. Several studies highlight the potential use of quercetin as an antiviral, due to its ability to inhibit the initial stages of virus infection, to be able to interact with proteases important for viral replication, and to reduce inflammation caused by infection. Quercetin could also be useful in combination with other drugs to potentially enhance the effects or synergistically interact with them, in order to reduce their side effects and related toxicity. Since there is no comprehensive compilation about antiviral activities of quercetin and derivates, the aim of this review is providing a summary of their antiviral activities on a set of human viral infections along with mechanisms of action. Thus, the following family of viruses are examined: Flaviviridae, Herpesviridae, Orthomyxoviridae, Coronaviridae, Hepadnaviridae, Retroviridae, Picornaviridae, Pneumoviridae, and Filoviridae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amalia Di Petrillo
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Germano Orrù
- Department of Surgical Science, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Antonella Fais
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Massimo C Fantini
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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15
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Tkachuk Z, Melnichuk N, Nikolaiev RO, Szutkowski K, Zhukov I. The Natural Oligoribonucleotides Functionalized by D-Mannitol Affected Interactions of Hemagglutinin with Glycan Receptor Indicating Anti-Influenza Activity. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11100757. [PMID: 34677523 PMCID: PMC8538433 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11100757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Hemagglutinin (HA), the class I influenza A virus protein is responsible for the attachment of virus particles to the cell by binding to glycan receptors, subsequent virion internalization, and cell entry. Consequently, the importance of HA makes it a primary target for the development of anti-influenza drugs. The natural oligoribonucleotides (ORNs) as well as their derivatives functionalized with D-mannitol (ORNs-D-M) possess anti-influenza properties in vitro and in vivo due to interaction with HA receptor sites. This activity suppresses the viral infection in host cells. In the present work, the complexes of ORNs and ORNs-D-M with HA protein were studied by agglutination assay, fluorescence spectroscopy, as well as molecular docking simulations. Acquired experimental data exhibited a decrease in HA titer by 32 times after incubation with the ORNs-D-M for 0.5–24 h. Quenching fluorescence intensity of the HA suggests that titration by ORNs and ORNs-D-M probably leads to changes in the HA structure. Detailed structural data were obtained with the molecular docking simulations performed for ORNs and ORNs-D-M ligands containing three and six oligoribonucleotides. The results reveal that a majority of the ORNs and ORNs-D-M bind in a non-specific way to the receptor-binding domain of the HA protein. The ligand’s affinity to the hemagglutinin was estimated at the micromolar level. Presented experimental data confirmed that both natural ORNs and functionalized ORNs-D-M inhibit the interactions between HA and glycan receptors and demonstrate anti-influenza activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zenoviy Tkachuk
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine; (N.M.); (R.O.N.)
- “Biocell” Subsidiary Company of Biocell Laboratories Inc. (USA), Klovskiy Uzviz 17, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine
- Correspondence: (Z.T.); (I.Z.); Tel.: +38-067-728-0418 (Z.T.); +48-22-592-2048 (I.Z.)
| | - Nataliia Melnichuk
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine; (N.M.); (R.O.N.)
| | - Roman O. Nikolaiev
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine; (N.M.); (R.O.N.)
| | - Kosma Szutkowski
- NanoBioMediacal Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University, Ul. Wszechnicy Piastowskiej 3, 61-614 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Igor Zhukov
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Ul. Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: (Z.T.); (I.Z.); Tel.: +38-067-728-0418 (Z.T.); +48-22-592-2048 (I.Z.)
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16
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Influenza polymerase inhibitor resistance: Assessment of the current state of the art - A report of the isirv Antiviral group. Antiviral Res 2021; 194:105158. [PMID: 34363859 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2021.105158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
It is more than 20 years since the neuraminidase inhibitors, oseltamivir and zanamivir were approved for the treatment and prevention of influenza. Guidelines for global surveillance and methods for evaluating resistance were established initially by the Neuraminidase Inhibitor Susceptibility Network (NISN), which merged 10 years ago with the International Society for influenza and other Respiratory Virus Diseases (isirv) to become the isirv-Antiviral Group (isirv-AVG). With the ongoing development of new influenza polymerase inhibitors and recent approval of baloxavir marboxil, the isirv-AVG held a closed meeting in August 2019 to discuss the impact of resistance to these inhibitors. Following this meeting and review of the current literature, this article is intended to summarize current knowledge regarding the clinical impact of resistance to polymerase inhibitors and approaches for surveillance and methods for laboratory evaluation of resistance, both in vitro and in animal models. We highlight limitations and gaps in current knowledge and suggest some strategies for addressing these gaps, including the need for additional clinical studies of influenza antiviral drug combinations. Lessons learned from influenza resistance monitoring may also be helpful for establishing future drug susceptibility surveillance and testing for SARS-CoV-2.
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17
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Yang F, Pang B, Lai KK, Cheung NN, Dai J, Zhang W, Zhang J, Chan KH, Chen H, Sze KH, Zhang H, Hao Q, Yang D, Yuen KY, Kao RY. Discovery of a Novel Specific Inhibitor Targeting Influenza A Virus Nucleoprotein with Pleiotropic Inhibitory Effects on Various Steps of the Viral Life Cycle. J Virol 2021; 95:e01432-20. [PMID: 33627391 PMCID: PMC8104107 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01432-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A viruses (IAVs) continue to pose an imminent threat to humans due to annual influenza epidemic outbreaks and episodic pandemics with high mortality rates. In this context, the suboptimal vaccine coverage and efficacy, coupled with recurrent events of viral resistance against a very limited antiviral portfolio, emphasize an urgent need for new additional prophylactic and therapeutic options, including new antiviral targets and drugs with new mechanisms of action to prevent and treat influenza virus infection. Here, we characterized a novel influenza A virus nucleoprotein (NP) inhibitor, FA-6005, that inhibited a broad spectrum of human pandemic and seasonal influenza A and B viruses in vitro and protects mice against lethal influenza A virus challenge. The small molecule FA-6005 targeted a conserved NP I41 domain and acted as a potentially broad, multimechanistic anti-influenza virus therapeutic since FA-6005 suppressed influenza virus replication and perturbed intracellular trafficking of viral ribonucleoproteins (vRNPs) from early to late stages. Cocrystal structures of the NP/FA-6005 complex reconciled well with concurrent mutational studies. This study provides the first line of direct evidence suggesting that the newly identified NP I41 pocket is an attractive target for drug development that inhibits multiple functions of NP. Our results also highlight FA-6005 as a promising candidate for further development as an antiviral drug for the treatment of IAV infection and provide chemical-level details for inhibitor optimization.IMPORTANCE Current influenza antivirals have limitations with regard to their effectiveness and the potential emergence of resistance. Therefore, there is an urgent need for broad-spectrum inhibitors to address the considerable challenges posed by the rapid evolution of influenza viruses that limit the effectiveness of vaccines and lead to the emergence of antiviral drug resistance. Here, we identified a novel influenza A virus NP antagonist, FA-6005, with broad-spectrum efficacy against influenza viruses, and our study presents a comprehensive study of the mode of action of FA-6005 with the crystal structure of the compound in complex with NP. The influenza virus inhibitor holds promise as an urgently sought-after therapeutic option offering a mechanism of action complementary to existing antiviral drugs for the treatment of influenza virus infection and should further aid in the development of universal therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yang
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bo Pang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kin Kui Lai
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Nam Nam Cheung
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jun Dai
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Weizhe Zhang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jinxia Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kwok-Hung Chan
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Honglin Chen
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Research Center of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kong-Hung Sze
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hongmin Zhang
- Department of Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- SUSTech-HKU Joint Laboratories for Matrix Biology and Diseases, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Quan Hao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dan Yang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kwok-Yung Yuen
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Research Center of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Richard Y Kao
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Research Center of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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18
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Zhang J, Zhang W, Ren L, He Y, Mei Z, Feng J, Shi T, Zhang H, Song Z, Jie Z. Astragaloside IV attenuates IL-1β secretion by enhancing autophagy in H1N1 infection. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2021; 367:5766227. [PMID: 32108899 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnaa007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive secretion of inflammatory factors (cytokine storm) plays a significant role in H1N1-induced acute pneumonia, and autophagy acts as a cell-intrinsic mechanism to regulate inflammation. Astragaloside IV (AS-IV), originating from the astragalus root, possesses multiple pharmacological activities, such as anti-inflammation. However, the influences of AS-IV on H1N1-induced autophagy and inflammation have remained elusive. It has been reported that H1N1 infection leads to the accumulation of autophagosomes but obstructs autophagosomes incorporating into lysosomes, whereas the present study showed that AS-IV enhanced autophagy activation in H1N1 infection. Furthermore, we found that AS-IV promoted H1N1-triggered formation of autophagosomes and autolysosomes. Additionally, it was noted that AS-IV did not affect viral replication, mRNA level of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and pro-IL-1β protein level, but significantly decreased secretion of IL-1β, and chloroquine (CQ, as an inhibitor of autophagy) increased secretion of IL-1β in H1N1 infection. In conclusion, AS-IV stimulates the formation of autophagosomes and the fusion of autophagosomes and lysosomes in H1N1 infection and may lead to decreased IL-1β secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Wanju Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Lehao Ren
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yanchao He
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zhoufang Mei
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jingjing Feng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Tianyun Shi
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Huiying Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Zhigang Song
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Zhijun Jie
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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19
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Shao L, Yang F, Li W, Yu F. Design, Synthesis and Anti-influenza A Virus Evaluation of Oleanolic Acid C3-Glycoconjugates. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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20
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Yao Y, Kadam RU, Lee CCD, Woehl JL, Wu NC, Zhu X, Kitamura S, Wilson IA, Wolan DW. An influenza A hemagglutinin small-molecule fusion inhibitor identified by a new high-throughput fluorescence polarization screen. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:18431-18438. [PMID: 32690700 PMCID: PMC7414093 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2006893117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza hemagglutinin (HA) glycoprotein is the primary surface antigen targeted by the host immune response and a focus for development of novel vaccines, broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs), and therapeutics. HA enables viral entry into host cells via receptor binding and membrane fusion and is a validated target for drug discovery. However, to date, only a very few bona fide small molecules have been reported against the HA. To identity new antiviral lead candidates against the highly conserved fusion machinery in the HA stem, we synthesized a fluorescence-polarization probe based on a recently described neutralizing cyclic peptide P7 derived from the complementarity-determining region loops of human bnAbs FI6v3 and CR9114 against the HA stem. We then designed a robust binding assay compatible with high-throughput screening to identify molecules with low micromolar to nanomolar affinity to influenza A group 1 HAs. Our simple, low-cost, and efficient in vitro assay was used to screen H1/Puerto Rico/8/1934 (H1/PR8) HA trimer against ∼72,000 compounds. The crystal structure of H1/PR8 HA in complex with our best hit compound F0045(S) confirmed that it binds to pockets in the HA stem similar to bnAbs FI6v3 and CR9114, cyclic peptide P7, and small-molecule inhibitor JNJ4796. F0045 is enantioselective against a panel of group 1 HAs and F0045(S) exhibits in vitro neutralization activity against multiple H1N1 and H5N1 strains. Our assay, compound characterization, and small-molecule candidate should further stimulate the discovery and development of new compounds with unique chemical scaffolds and enhanced influenza antiviral capabilities.
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MESH Headings
- Antiviral Agents/chemistry
- Antiviral Agents/pharmacology
- Drug Evaluation, Preclinical/methods
- Fluorescence Polarization/methods
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/genetics
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/metabolism
- Humans
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/drug effects
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/metabolism
- Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/drug effects
- Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/metabolism
- Influenza, Human/virology
- Small Molecule Libraries/chemistry
- Small Molecule Libraries/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Yao
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Rameshwar U Kadam
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Chang-Chun David Lee
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Jordan L Woehl
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Nicholas C Wu
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Xueyong Zhu
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Seiya Kitamura
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Ian A Wilson
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037;
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Dennis W Wolan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037;
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
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21
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Uyeki TM, Bernstein HH, Bradley JS, Englund JA, File TM, Fry AM, Gravenstein S, Hayden FG, Harper SA, Hirshon JM, Ison MG, Johnston BL, Knight SL, McGeer A, Riley LE, Wolfe CR, Alexander PE, Pavia AT. Clinical Practice Guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America: 2018 Update on Diagnosis, Treatment, Chemoprophylaxis, and Institutional Outbreak Management of Seasonal Influenzaa. Clin Infect Dis 2020; 68:e1-e47. [PMID: 30566567 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciy866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 328] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
These clinical practice guidelines are an update of the guidelines published by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) in 2009, prior to the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic. This document addresses new information regarding diagnostic testing, treatment and chemoprophylaxis with antiviral medications, and issues related to institutional outbreak management for seasonal influenza. It is intended for use by primary care clinicians, obstetricians, emergency medicine providers, hospitalists, laboratorians, and infectious disease specialists, as well as other clinicians managing patients with suspected or laboratory-confirmed influenza. The guidelines consider the care of children and adults, including special populations such as pregnant and postpartum women and immunocompromised patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M Uyeki
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Henry H Bernstein
- Division of General Pediatrics, Cohen Children's Medical Center, New Hyde Park, New York
| | - John S Bradley
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Rady Children's Hospital.,University of California, San Diego
| | - Janet A Englund
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle Children's Hospital
| | - Thomas M File
- Division of Infectious Diseases Summa Health, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown
| | - Alicia M Fry
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Stefan Gravenstein
- Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Center for Gerontology and Healthcare Research, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Frederick G Hayden
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville
| | - Scott A Harper
- Office of Public Health Preparedness and Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jon Mark Hirshon
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore
| | - Michael G Ison
- Divisions of Infectious Diseases and Organ Transplantation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - B Lynn Johnston
- Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, Canada
| | - Shandra L Knight
- Library and Knowledge Services, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Allison McGeer
- Division of Infection Prevention and Control, Sinai Health System, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laura E Riley
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Cameron R Wolfe
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Paul E Alexander
- McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Infectious Diseases Society of America, Arlington, Virginia
| | - Andrew T Pavia
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of Utah, Salt Lake City
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22
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Thomaston JL, Konstantinidi A, Liu L, Lambrinidis G, Tan J, Caffrey M, Wang J, DeGrado WF, Kolocouris A. X-ray Crystal Structures of the Influenza M2 Proton Channel Drug-Resistant V27A Mutant Bound to a Spiro-Adamantyl Amine Inhibitor Reveal the Mechanism of Adamantane Resistance. Biochemistry 2020; 59:627-634. [PMID: 31894969 PMCID: PMC7224692 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.9b00971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The V27A mutation confers adamantane resistance on the influenza A matrix 2 (M2) proton channel and is becoming more prevalent in circulating populations of influenza A virus. We have used X-ray crystallography to determine structures of a spiro-adamantyl amine inhibitor bound to M2(22-46) V27A and also to M2(21-61) V27A in the Inwardclosed conformation. The spiro-adamantyl amine binding site is nearly identical for the two crystal structures. Compared to the M2 "wild type" (WT) with valine at position 27, we observe that the channel pore is wider at its N-terminus as a result of the V27A mutation and that this removes V27 side chain hydrophobic interactions that are important for binding of amantadine and rimantadine. The spiro-adamantyl amine inhibitor blocks proton conductance in the WT and V27A mutant channels by shifting its binding site in the pore depending on which residue is present at position 27. Additionally, in the structure of the M2(21-61) V27A construct, the C-terminus of the channel is tightly packed relative to that of the M2(22-46) construct. We observe that residues Asp44, Arg45, and Phe48 face the center of the channel pore and would be well-positioned to interact with protons exiting the M2 channel after passing through the His37 gate. A 300 ns molecular dynamics simulation of the M2(22-46) V27A-spiro-adamantyl amine complex predicts with accuracy the position of the ligands and waters inside the pore in the X-ray crystal structure of the M2(22-46) V27A complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L. Thomaston
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Membrane Structural and Functional Biology (MS&FB) Group, School of Medicine and School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D02 R590, Ireland
| | - Athina Konstantinidi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Lijun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
- DLX Scientific, Lawrence, KS 66049, USA
| | - George Lambrinidis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Jingquan Tan
- Membrane Structural and Functional Biology (MS&FB) Group, School of Medicine and School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D02 R590, Ireland
| | - Martin Caffrey
- Membrane Structural and Functional Biology (MS&FB) Group, School of Medicine and School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D02 R590, Ireland
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - William F. DeGrado
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Antonios Kolocouris
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
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23
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Shie JJ, Fang JM. Development of effective anti-influenza drugs: congeners and conjugates - a review. J Biomed Sci 2019; 26:84. [PMID: 31640786 PMCID: PMC6806523 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-019-0567-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza is a long-standing health problem. For treatment of seasonal flu and possible pandemic infections, there is a need to develop new anti-influenza drugs that have good bioavailability against a broad spectrum of influenza viruses, including the resistant strains. Relenza™ (zanamivir), Tamiflu™ (the phosphate salt of oseltamivir), Inavir™ (laninamivir octanoate) and Rapivab™ (peramivir) are four anti-influenza drugs targeting the viral neuraminidases (NAs). However, some problems of these drugs should be resolved, such as oral availability, drug resistance and the induced cytokine storm. Two possible strategies have been applied to tackle these problems by devising congeners and conjugates. In this review, congeners are the related compounds having comparable chemical structures and biological functions, whereas conjugate refers to a compound having two bioactive entities joined by a covalent bond. The rational design of NA inhibitors is based on the mechanism of the enzymatic hydrolysis of the sialic acid (Neu5Ac)-terminated glycoprotein. To improve binding affinity and lipophilicity of the existing NA inhibitors, several methods are utilized, including conversion of carboxylic acid to ester prodrug, conversion of guanidine to acylguanidine, substitution of carboxylic acid with bioisostere, and modification of glycerol side chain. Alternatively, conjugating NA inhibitors with other therapeutic entity provides a synergistic anti-influenza activity; for example, to kill the existing viruses and suppress the cytokines caused by cross-species infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiun-Jie Shie
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Jim-Min Fang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan. .,The Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan.
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24
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Hou B, Liu Z, Yang XB, Zhu WF, Li JY, Yang L, Reng FC, Lv YF, Hu JM, Liao GY, Zhou J. Total synthesis of dryocrassin ABBA and its analogues with potential inhibitory activity against drug-resistant neuraminidases. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:3846-3852. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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25
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Zhang J, Hu Y, Musharrafieh R, Yin H, Wang J. Focusing on the Influenza Virus Polymerase Complex: Recent Progress in Drug Discovery and Assay Development. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:2243-2263. [PMID: 29984646 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180706112940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Influenza viruses are severe human pathogens that pose persistent threat to public health. Each year more people die of influenza virus infection than that of breast cancer. Due to the limited efficacy associated with current influenza vaccines, as well as emerging drug resistance from small molecule antiviral drugs, there is a clear need to develop new antivirals with novel mechanisms of action. The influenza virus polymerase complex has become a promising target for the development of the next-generation of antivirals for several reasons. Firstly, the influenza virus polymerase, which forms a heterotrimeric complex that consists of PA, PB1, and PB2 subunits, is highly conserved. Secondly, both individual polymerase subunit (PA, PB1, and PB2) and inter-subunit interactions (PA-PB1, PB1- PB2) represent promising drug targets. Lastly, growing insight into the structure and function of the polymerase complex has spearheaded the structure-guided design of new polymerase inhibitors. In this review, we highlight recent progress in drug discovery and assay development targeting the influenza virus polymerase complex and discuss their therapeutic potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiantao Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Yanmei Hu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Rami Musharrafieh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Hang Yin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States.,BIO5 Institute, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
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26
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Thomaston JL, Wu Y, Polizzi N, Liu L, Wang J, DeGrado WF. X-ray Crystal Structure of the Influenza A M2 Proton Channel S31N Mutant in Two Conformational States: An Open and Shut Case. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:11481-11488. [PMID: 31184871 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b02196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The amantadine-resistant S31N mutant of the influenza A M2 proton channel has become prevalent in currently circulating viruses. Here, we have solved an X-ray crystal structure of M2(22-46) S31N that contains two distinct conformational states within its asymmetric unit. This structure reveals the mechanism of adamantane resistance in both conformational states of the M2 channel. In the Inwardopen conformation, the mutant Asn31 side chain faces the channel pore and sterically blocks the adamantane binding site. In the Inwardclosed conformation, Asn31 forms hydrogen bonds with carbonyls at the monomer-monomer interface, which twists the monomer helices and constricts the channel pore at the drug binding site. We also examine M2(19-49) WT and S31N using solution NMR spectroscopy and show that distribution of the two conformational states is dependent on both detergent choice and experimental pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Thomaston
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , University of California , San Francisco , California 94158 , United States
| | - Yibing Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , University of California , San Francisco , California 94158 , United States
| | - Nicholas Polizzi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , University of California , San Francisco , California 94158 , United States
| | - Lijun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics , Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School , Shenzhen 518055 , China.,DLX Scientific , Lawrence , Kansas 66049 , United States
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy , University of Arizona , Tucson , Arizona 85721 , United States
| | - William F DeGrado
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , University of California , San Francisco , California 94158 , United States
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27
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Nyanguile O. Peptide Antiviral Strategies as an Alternative to Treat Lower Respiratory Viral Infections. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1366. [PMID: 31293570 PMCID: PMC6598224 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Lower respiratory infection caused by human pathogens such as influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a significant healthcare burden that must be addressed. The preferred options to achieve this goal are usually to develop vaccines for prophylaxis and to develop antiviral small molecules to treat infected patients with convenient, orally administrable drugs. However, developing a vaccine against RSV poses special challenges with the diminished immune system of infants and the elderly, and finding a universal flu vaccine is difficult because the product must target a large array of viral strains. On the other hand, the use of small-molecule antivirals can result in the emergence of resistant viruses as it has well-been reported for HIV, influenza, and hepatitis C virus (HCV). This paper reviews peptide antiviral strategies as an alternative to address these challenges. The discovery of influenza and RSV peptidic fusion inhibitors will be discussed and compared to small molecules in view of escape mutations. The importance of constraining peptides into macrocycles to improve both their inhibitory activity and pharmacological properties will be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Origène Nyanguile
- HES-SO Valais-Wallis, Institute of Life Technologies, Sion, Switzerland
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28
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Uyeki TM, Bernstein HH, Bradley JS, Englund JA, File TM, Fry AM, Gravenstein S, Hayden FG, Harper SA, Hirshon JM, Ison MG, Johnston BL, Knight SL, McGeer A, Riley LE, Wolfe CR, Alexander PE, Pavia AT. Clinical Practice Guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America: 2018 Update on Diagnosis, Treatment, Chemoprophylaxis, and Institutional Outbreak Management of Seasonal Influenzaa. Clin Infect Dis 2019; 68. [PMID: 30566567 PMCID: PMC6653685 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciy866 10.1093/cid/ciz044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
These clinical practice guidelines are an update of the guidelines published by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) in 2009, prior to the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic. This document addresses new information regarding diagnostic testing, treatment and chemoprophylaxis with antiviral medications, and issues related to institutional outbreak management for seasonal influenza. It is intended for use by primary care clinicians, obstetricians, emergency medicine providers, hospitalists, laboratorians, and infectious disease specialists, as well as other clinicians managing patients with suspected or laboratory-confirmed influenza. The guidelines consider the care of children and adults, including special populations such as pregnant and postpartum women and immunocompromised patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M Uyeki
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Henry H Bernstein
- Division of General Pediatrics, Cohen Children's Medical Center, New Hyde Park, New York
| | - John S Bradley
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Rady Children's Hospital
- University of California, San Diego
| | - Janet A Englund
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle Children's Hospital
| | - Thomas M File
- Division of Infectious Diseases Summa Health, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown
| | - Alicia M Fry
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Stefan Gravenstein
- Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Center for Gerontology and Healthcare Research, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Frederick G Hayden
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville
| | - Scott A Harper
- Office of Public Health Preparedness and Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jon Mark Hirshon
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore
| | - Michael G Ison
- Divisions of Infectious Diseases and Organ Transplantation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - B Lynn Johnston
- Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, Canada
| | - Shandra L Knight
- Library and Knowledge Services, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Allison McGeer
- Division of Infection Prevention and Control, Sinai Health System, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laura E Riley
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Cameron R Wolfe
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Paul E Alexander
- McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Infectious Diseases Society of America, Arlington, Virginia
| | - Andrew T Pavia
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of Utah, Salt Lake City
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29
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Al-Tayib OA. An Overview of the Most Significant Zoonotic Viral Pathogens Transmitted from Animal to Human in Saudi Arabia. Pathogens 2019; 8:E25. [PMID: 30813309 PMCID: PMC6471281 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, there has been an increasing socioeconomic impact of zoonotic pathogens transmitted from animals to humans worldwide. Recently, in the Arabian Peninsula, including in Saudi Arabia, epidemiological data indicated an actual increase in the number of emerging and/or reemerging cases of several viral zoonotic diseases. Data presented in this review are very relevant because Saudi Arabia is considered the largest country in the Peninsula. We believe that zoonotic pathogens in Saudi Arabia remain an important public health problem; however, more than 10 million Muslim pilgrims from around 184 Islamic countries arrive yearly at Makkah for the Hajj season and/or for the Umrah. Therefore, for health reasons, several countries recommend vaccinations for various zoonotic diseases among preventive protocols that should be complied with before traveling to Saudi Arabia. However, there is a shortage of epidemiological data focusing on the emerging and reemerging of zoonotic pathogens transmitted from animal to humans in different densely populated cities and/or localities in Saudi Arabia. Therefore, further efforts might be needed to control the increasing impacts of zoonotic viral disease. Also, there is a need for a high collaboration to enhance the detection and determination of the prevalence, diagnosis, control, and prevention as well as intervention and reduction in outbreaks of these diseases in Saudi Arabia, particularly those from other countries. Persons in the health field including physicians and veterinarians, pet owners, pet store owners, exporters, border guards, and people involved in businesses related to animal products have adopted various preventive strategies. Some of these measures might pave the way to highly successful prevention and control results on the different transmission routes of these viral zoonotic diseases from or to Saudi Arabia. Moreover, the prevention of these viral pathogens depends on socioeconomic impacts, available data, improved diagnosis, and highly effective therapeutics or prophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar A Al-Tayib
- Abdullah Bagshan for Dental and Oral Rehabilitation (DOR), Dental College Research Center, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum 11111, Sudan.
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30
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Nanotherapeutic Anti-influenza Solutions: Current Knowledge and Future Challenges. J CLUST SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-018-1417-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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31
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Moasser E, Moasser A, Zaraket H. Incidence of antiviral drug resistance markers among human influenza A viruses in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, 2005-2016. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2018; 67:60-66. [PMID: 30389548 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Two classes of antiviral drugs are available for influenza antiviral therapy: the adamantanes and the neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs). Due to the emergence of adamantane-resistant variants, the use of these drugs has been largely limited in the world. The NAIs became the drugs of choice for treatment of influenza A infections. However, amino acid substitutions in the NA protein might lead to reduced sensitivity to NAIs. METHODS The frequency and distribution of matrix protein 2 (M2) and neuraminidase (NA) variants which confer resistance to antiviral drugs was investigated in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) between 2005 and 2016. A total of 314 M2 and 1209 NA protein sequences from influenza A/H1N1, A/H1N1pdm09, A/H3N2, and A/H5N1 available in the public database were analyzed. RESULTS Eighty-six percent of the influenza A viruses detected in the EMR were resistant to adamantanes, among which, H3 strains exhibited the highest (95.32%) level of adamantane resistance. Approximately 98.51% (265/269) of influenza A/H1N1 and H3N2 resistant viruses had the S31N substitution in their M2 sequences. The V27A mutation was the only resistance marker found in A/H5N1 viruses and was detected at a frequency of 7.40% among the investigated viruses. Other resistant mutations L26F, A30T, G34E, and L38F were not detected in any of the variants. We found that 2.81% (n = 34) of the detected NA sequences from influenza A viruses possessed at least one NAI-resistant mutation and the vast majority of resistant viruses 79.41% (27/34) bear the H274Y mutation. The frequency of NAI-resistant viruses was 3.29% (24/729) for the H1N1pdm09, 10.64% (5/47) for the seasonal H1N1, and 4.06% (5/123) for H5N1 viruses. None of the H3N2 viruses analyzed during the study period were resistant to NAIs. CONCLUSION Our study reveals the emergence and spread of antiviral drug resistant influenza A viruses in the EMR and emphasizes the importance of continuous surveillance to maintain the effective use of the current antivirals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Moasser
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Alireza Moasser
- School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hassan Zaraket
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology & Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
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Complexes of Oligoribonucleotides with d-Mannitol Modulate the Innate Immune Response to Influenza A Virus H1N1 (A/FM/1/47) In Vivo. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2018; 11:ph11030073. [PMID: 30037133 PMCID: PMC6161188 DOI: 10.3390/ph11030073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid replication of the influenza A virus and lung tissue damage caused by exaggerated pro-inflammatory host immune responses lead to numerous deaths. Therefore, novel therapeutic agents that have anti-influenza activities and attenuate excessive pro-inflammatory responses that are induced by an influenza virus infection are needed. Oligoribonucleotides-d-mannitol (ORNs-d-M) complexes possess both antiviral and anti-inflammatory activities. The current research was aimed at studying the ORNs-d-M effects on expression of innate immune genes in mice lungs during an influenza virus infection. Expression of genes was determined by RT-qPCR and Western blot assays. In the present studies, we found that the ORNs-d-M reduced the influenza-induced up-expression of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) (tlr3, tlr7, tlr8), nuclear factor NF-kB (nfkbia, nfnb1), cytokines (ifnε, ifnk, ifna2, ifnb1, ifnγ, il6, il1b, il12a, tnf), chemokines (ccl3, ccl4, сcl5, cxcl9, cxcl10, cxcl11), interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) (oas1a, oas2, oas3, mx1), and pro-oxidation (nos2, xdh) genes. The ORNs-d-M inhibited the mRNA overexpression of tlr3, tlr7, and tlr8 induced by the influenza virus, which suggests that they impair the upregulation of NF-kB, cytokines, chemokines, ISGs, and pro-oxidation genes induced by the influenza virus by inhibiting activation of the TLR-3, TLR-7, and TLR-8 signaling pathways. By impairing activation of the TLR-3, TLR-7, and TLR-8 signaling pathways, the ORNs-d-M can modulate the innate immune response to an influenza virus infection.
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Chaisri U, Chaicumpa W. Evolution of Therapeutic Antibodies, Influenza Virus Biology, Influenza, and Influenza Immunotherapy. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:9747549. [PMID: 29998138 PMCID: PMC5994580 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9747549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This narrative review article summarizes past and current technologies for generating antibodies for passive immunization/immunotherapy. Contemporary DNA and protein technologies have facilitated the development of engineered therapeutic monoclonal antibodies in a variety of formats according to the required effector functions. Chimeric, humanized, and human monoclonal antibodies to antigenic/epitopic myriads with less immunogenicity than animal-derived antibodies in human recipients can be produced in vitro. Immunotherapy with ready-to-use antibodies has gained wide acceptance as a powerful treatment against both infectious and noninfectious diseases. Influenza, a highly contagious disease, precipitates annual epidemics and occasional pandemics, resulting in high health and economic burden worldwide. Currently available drugs are becoming less and less effective against this rapidly mutating virus. Alternative treatment strategies are needed, particularly for individuals at high risk for severe morbidity. In a setting where vaccines are not yet protective or available, human antibodies that are broadly effective against various influenza subtypes could be highly efficacious in lowering morbidity and mortality and controlling unprecedented epidemic/pandemic. Prototypes of human single-chain antibodies to several conserved proteins of influenza virus with no Fc portion (hence, no ADE effect in recipients) are available. These antibodies have high potential as a novel, safe, and effective anti-influenza agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urai Chaisri
- Department of Tropical Pathology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wanpen Chaicumpa
- Center of Research Excellence on Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Yan H, Wang H, Ma L, Ma X, Yin J, Wu S, Huang H, Li Y. Cirsimaritin inhibits influenza A virus replication by downregulating the NF-κB signal transduction pathway. Virol J 2018; 15:88. [PMID: 29783993 PMCID: PMC5963025 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-018-0995-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Artemisia scoparia Waldst and Kit is a famous traditional Chinese medicine widely distributed in Xinjiang, China. Flavonoids extracted from it exhibits inhibitory activities against several influenza virus strains. Despite this fact, the antiviral properties of CST, one of such flavonoids, against the influenza virus has not been reported. Thus, the aim of this study is to investigate the anti-influenza virus efficacy and antiviral mechanism of CST. Methods The inhibitory activity of CST against influenza viruses was assessed by using viral titers and performing Western blot, qRT-PCR, and immunofluorescence assays in Madin–Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells and a human monocytic cell line (THP-1). The mechanism of CST against influenza virus was analyzed by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay, neuraminidase (NA) inhibition assay, and Western blot. Results CST reduced viral titers and influenza A virus (IAV) RNA and protein synthesis in a dose-dependent manner. Mechanistically, CST had no inhibitory effect on the attachment and release processes of the viral life cycle, as indicated by the HI and NA assays. Conversely, the CST-mediated inhibition of IAV is possibly linked to the inactivation of the NF-κB/p65 signal pathway. CST also suppressed the activation of JNK MAPK and P38 MAPK in vitro. In line with NF-κB/p65 inhibition, the expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-8, and IL-10) and the inflammation-related protein COX-2 were downregulated by CST. Conclusions CST inhibited IAV replication by downregulating the NF-κB signal transduction pathway. CST may be a potential agent or supplement against IAV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Yan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Huiqiang Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Linlin Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.,Key Laboratory of molecular imaging of Shanghai Education Commission, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueping Ma
- Xinjiang Institute of Materia Medica, Urumqi, 830002, China
| | - Jinqiu Yin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Shuo Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Hua Huang
- Xinjiang Institute of Materia Medica, Urumqi, 830002, China.
| | - Yuhuan Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
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Pre-Clinical and Clinical Efficiency of Complexes of Oligoribonucleotides with D-Mannitol against Respiratory Viruses. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:pharmaceutics10020059. [PMID: 29783756 PMCID: PMC6027485 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10020059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligoribonucleotides-D-mannitol (ORNs-D-M) complexes possess antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory actions. The aim of the present study was to evaluated an antiviral effect of ORNs-D-M against parainfluenza virus type 3 (PIV3); influenza CA709, PR834; avian influenza virus H5N2 (AIV) in vitro by a TCID50; hemadsorption and neuraminidase activity assays; and clinical efficiency of ORNs-D-M in patients with acute respiratory infections (ARIs) of various etiologies by PCR assay and AmpliSens test systems. It was observed that ORNs-D-M have an antiviral activity against the influenza CA709, PR834, PIV3, and AIV in vitro. The injectable dosage form of ORNs-D-M was shown to have a stronger antiviral effect compared to capsule form. It was also detected that the injectable form of ORNs-D-M significantly reduced the neuraminidase activity of influenza PR834. A complex treatment of patients with ORNs-D-M had a positive effect on the course of the disease, it accelerated patients’ recovery. Treatment with ORNs-D-M caused eradication of adeno- and influenza viruses in patients with ARI. This drug contributed to significant decrease in duration of febrile period and cough. Comprehensive treatment with ORNs-D-M improved the disease clinical findings significantly. Collectively, these results suggested that ORNs-D-M may be used at co-infection with influenza and other respiratory viruses as a medical antiviral drug.
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A small-molecule fragment that emulates binding of receptor and broadly neutralizing antibodies to influenza A hemagglutinin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:4240-4245. [PMID: 29610325 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1801999115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) glycoprotein mediates receptor binding and membrane fusion during viral entry in host cells. Blocking these key steps in viral infection has applications for development of novel antiinfluenza therapeutics as well as vaccines. However, the lack of structural information on how small molecules can gain a foothold in the small, shallow receptor-binding site (RBS) has hindered drug design against this important target on the viral pathogen. Here, we report on the serendipitous crystallization-based discovery of a small-molecule N-cyclohexyltaurine, commonly known as the buffering agent CHES, that is able to bind to both group-1 and group-2 HAs of influenza A viruses. X-ray structural characterization of group-1 H5N1 A/Vietnam/1203/2004 (H5/Viet) and group-2 H3N2 A/Hong Kong/1/1968 (H3/HK68) HAs at 2.0-Å and 2.57-Å resolution, respectively, revealed that N-cyclohexyltaurine binds to the heart of the conserved HA RBS. N-cyclohexyltaurine mimics the binding mode of the natural receptor sialic acid and RBS-targeting bnAbs through formation of similar hydrogen bonds and CH-π interactions with the HA. In H3/HK68, N-cyclohexyltaurine also binds to a conserved pocket in the stem region, thereby exhibiting a dual-binding mode in group-2 HAs. These long-awaited structural insights into RBS recognition by a noncarbohydrate-based small molecule enhance our knowledge of how to target this important functional site and can serve as a template to guide the development of novel broad-spectrum small-molecule therapeutics against influenza virus.
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37
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Duh D, Blažič B. Single mutation in the matrix gene of seasonal influenza A viruses critically affects the performance of diagnostic molecular assay. J Virol Methods 2018; 251:43-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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38
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Chinese herbal medicine compound Yi-Zhi-Hao pellet inhibits replication of influenza virus infection through activation of heme oxygenase-1. Acta Pharm Sin B 2017; 7:630-637. [PMID: 29159022 PMCID: PMC5687314 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
As a leading cause of respiratory disease, influenza A virus (IAV) presents a pandemic threat in annual seasonal outbreaks. Given the limitation of existing anti-influenza therapies, there remains to be a requirement for new drugs. Compound Yi-Zhi-Hao pellet (CYZH) is a famous traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) used in the clinic, whose formula has been recorded in Complication of National Standard for Traditional Chinese Medicine to treat common cold. In this study, we found that CYZH exhibited a broad-spectrum anti-influenza activity and inhibited the expression of viral RNA and proteins in vitro. Mechanistically, CYZH had no inhibitory activities against viral protein hemagglutinin and IAV RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Instead, it induced activation of erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), which subsequently upregulated heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression. Also, CYZH protected cells from oxidative damage induced by reactive oxygen series. In conclusions, CYZH inhibits IAV replication in vitro, at least partly by activating expression of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.
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Characterization of the neuraminidase genes from human influenza A viruses circulating in Iran from 2010 to 2015. Arch Virol 2017; 163:391-400. [PMID: 29086107 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-017-3603-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Characterization of influenza viruses is critical for detection of new emerging variants. Herein, we analyzed the genetic diversity and drug susceptibility of the neuraminidase gene (NAs) expressed by influenza A/H1N1pdm09 and A/H3N2 viruses circulating in Iran from 2010 to 2015. METHODS We genetically analyzed the NAs of 38 influenza A/H1N1pdm09 and 35 A/H3N2 isolates. RESULTS The Iranian A/H1N1pdm09 viruses belonged to seven genogroups/subgenogroups, with the dominant groups being genogroups 6B and 6C. The A/H3N2 isolates fell into six gneogroups/subgenogroups, with the dominant genogroups being 3C and 3C.2a. The most common mutations detected among the A/H1N1pdm09 viruses included N44S, V106I, N200S, and N248D. All H1N1pdm09 viruses were genetically susceptible to the NAIs. However, one A/H1N1pdm09 virus from the 2013-2014 season possessed an NA-S247N mutation, which reduces the susceptibility to oseltamivir. In case of H3N2, none of the analyzed Iranian strains carried a substitution that might affect its susceptibility to NAIs. CONCLUSION The ongoing evolution of influenza viruses and the detect of influenza viruses with reduced susceptibility to NAIs warrants continuous monitoring of the circulating strains.
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40
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Kadam RU, Juraszek J, Brandenburg B, Buyck C, Schepens WBG, Kesteleyn B, Stoops B, Vreeken RJ, Vermond J, Goutier W, Tang C, Vogels R, Friesen RHE, Goudsmit J, van Dongen MJP, Wilson IA. Potent peptidic fusion inhibitors of influenza virus. Science 2017; 358:496-502. [PMID: 28971971 DOI: 10.1126/science.aan0516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Influenza therapeutics with new targets and mechanisms of action are urgently needed to combat potential pandemics, emerging viruses, and constantly mutating strains in circulation. We report here on the design and structural characterization of potent peptidic inhibitors of influenza hemagglutinin. The peptide design was based on complementarity-determining region loops of human broadly neutralizing antibodies against the hemagglutinin (FI6v3 and CR9114). The optimized peptides exhibit nanomolar affinity and neutralization against influenza A group 1 viruses, including the 2009 H1N1 pandemic and avian H5N1 strains. The peptide inhibitors bind to the highly conserved stem epitope and block the low pH-induced conformational rearrangements associated with membrane fusion. These peptidic compounds and their advantageous biological properties should accelerate the development of new small molecule- and peptide-based therapeutics against influenza virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rameshwar U Kadam
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Christophe Buyck
- Discovery Sciences, Janssen Research & Development, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Wim B G Schepens
- Discovery Sciences, Janssen Research & Development, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Bart Kesteleyn
- Janssen Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Bart Stoops
- Discovery Sciences, Janssen Research & Development, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Rob J Vreeken
- Discovery Sciences, Janssen Research & Development, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Jan Vermond
- Janssen Prevention Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Chan Tang
- Janssen Prevention Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Jaap Goudsmit
- Janssen Prevention Center, Leiden, Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maria J P van Dongen
- Janssen Prevention Center, Leiden, Netherlands. .,Discovery Sciences, Janssen Research & Development, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Ian A Wilson
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA. .,The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Hu Y, Zhang J, Musharrafieh R, Hau R, Ma C, Wang J. Chemical Genomics Approach Leads to the Identification of Hesperadin, an Aurora B Kinase Inhibitor, as a Broad-Spectrum Influenza Antiviral. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18091929. [PMID: 28885544 PMCID: PMC5618578 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18091929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza viruses are respiratory pathogens that are responsible for annual influenza epidemics and sporadic influenza pandemics. Oseltamivir (Tamiflu®) is currently the only FDA-approved oral drug that is available for the prevention and treatment of influenza virus infection. However, its narrow therapeutic window, coupled with the increasing incidence of drug resistance, calls for the next generation of influenza antivirals. In this study, we discovered hesperadin, an aurora B kinase inhibitor, as a broad-spectrum influenza antiviral through forward chemical genomics screening. Hesperadin inhibits multiple human clinical isolates of influenza A and B viruses with single to submicromolar efficacy, including oseltamivir-resistant strains. Mechanistic studies revealed that hesperadin inhibits the early stage of viral replication by delaying the nuclear entry of viral ribonucleoprotein complex, thereby inhibiting viral RNA transcription and translation as well as viral protein synthesis. Moreover, a combination of hesperadin with oseltamivir shows synergistic antiviral activity, therefore hesperadin can be used either alone to treat infections by oseltamivir-resistant influenza viruses or used in combination with oseltamivir to delay resistance evolution among oseltamivir-sensitive strains. In summary, the discovery of hesperadin as a broad-spectrum influenza antiviral offers an alternative to combat future influenza epidemics and pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Hu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
| | - Jiantao Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
| | - Rami Musharrafieh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
| | - Raymond Hau
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
| | - Chunlong Ma
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
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Liu SS, Jiao XY, Wang S, Su WZ, Jiang LZ, Zhang X, Ke CW, Xiong P. Susceptibility of influenza A(H1N1)/pdm2009, seasonal A(H3N2) and B viruses to Oseltamivir in Guangdong, China between 2009 and 2014. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8488. [PMID: 28814737 PMCID: PMC5559489 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08282-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from patients through the influenza surveillance network of the CDC of Guangdong. All specimens between 2009 and 2014 were checked for influenza virus using MDCK cells and further subtyped. Of those collected, 542 H1N1pdm09, 230 A(H3N2)and 448 B viruses selected at random were subjected to fluorescence-based NAI assays. Viral RNA was extracted from resistant isolates, and their NA genes were amplified by RT-PCR. Alignment of nucleotides and amino acids was performed. We performed structural modelling and simulations of mutants using Modeller 9.x and AutoDock and analyzed conformations and binding affinities. All tested seasonal type B and H3N2 viruses from 2009 to 2014 remained sensitive to oseltamivir. However, there were five strains (out of 198 tested isolates acquired between June and September 2013) that were resistant to oseltamivir. Another three resistant strains were identified among isolates from March to April 2014. We found that 2013/2014 oseltamivir-resistant strains and 2012/2013/2014 oseltamivir-sensitive strains had all or some of the following mutations: N44S, N200S,V241I, I321V,N369K, N386 K and K432E. MutationsV241I, N369K, N386K and K432E, alone or in conjunction with H275Y, had a significant impact on the binding pattern and affinity of oseltamivir for neuraminidase, rendering neuraminidase less susceptible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shan Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Xiao-Yang Jiao
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Wen-Zhe Su
- Guangzhou Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 510440, China
| | - Ling-Zhi Jiang
- College of Life and Ocean Science, Shen zhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shen zhen, 518060, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Medical Key Laboratory for Repository and Application of Pathogenic Microbiology, Research Center for Pathogens Detection Technology of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, P.R. China
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Surveillance, Research and Training of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, P.R. China
| | - Chang-Wen Ke
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China.
- Medical Key Laboratory for Repository and Application of Pathogenic Microbiology, Research Center for Pathogens Detection Technology of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, P.R. China.
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Surveillance, Research and Training of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, P.R. China.
| | - Ping Xiong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
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Wright ZVF, Wu NC, Kadam RU, Wilson IA, Wolan DW. Structure-based optimization and synthesis of antiviral drug Arbidol analogues with significantly improved affinity to influenza hemagglutinin. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:3744-3748. [PMID: 28689973 PMCID: PMC5575851 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.06.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Influenza is a highly contagious respiratory viral infection responsible for up to 50,000 deaths per annum in the US alone. The need for new therapeutics with novel modes of action is of paramount importance. We determined the X-ray structure of Arbidol with influenza hemagglutinin and found it was located in a distinct binding pocket. Herein, we report a structure-activity relationship study based on the co-complex combined with bio-layer interferometry to assess the binding of our compounds. Addition of a meta-hydroxy group to the thiophenol moiety of Arbidol to replace a structured water molecule in the binding pocket resulted in a dramatic increase in affinity against both H3 (1150-fold) and H1 (98-fold) hemagglutinin subtypes. Our analogues represent novel leads to yield more potent compounds against hemagglutinin that block viral entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoë V F Wright
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Nicholas C Wu
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Rameshwar U Kadam
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ian A Wilson
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Dennis W Wolan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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44
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Melnichuk N, Semernikova L, Tkachuk Z. Complexes of Oligoribonucleotides with D-Mannitol Inhibit Hemagglutinin-Glycan Interaction and Suppress Influenza A Virus H1N1 (A/FM/1/47) Infectivity In Vitro. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2017; 10:ph10030071. [PMID: 28792452 PMCID: PMC5620615 DOI: 10.3390/ph10030071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) mediates both receptor (glycan) binding and membrane fusion for cell entry and has been the basis for subtyping influenza viruses. The oligoribonucleotides-d-mannitol (ORNs-d-M) complexes possess an anti-influenza activity in vitro and in vivo. In the present studies, we have found that ORNs-d-M interferes with hemagglutinin (HA)–glycan interaction and suppress viral infection in host cells. HA–glycan interactions were evaluated to indirectly quantify the amount of influenza virus titer by an agglutination assay. Influenza virus infectivity was determined by TCID50 assay. The direct virucidal action of the complexes was evaluated by both cytopathic effects (CPE) reduction assay and cell MTT assay. We found that ORNs-d-M hinders interaction between HA and glycan. These complexes decreased the infectivity of influenza virus and had a direct virucidal action. ORNs-d-M reduces influenza virus infectivity, affecting the HA–glycan interaction in vitro. By suppressing the influenza viral infection, the ORNs-d-M can have direct virucidal action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliia Melnichuk
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine.
| | - Larisa Semernikova
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine.
| | - Zenoviy Tkachuk
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine.
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van de Wakker SI, Fischer MJ, Oosting RS. New drug-strategies to tackle viral-host interactions for the treatment of influenza virus infections. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 809:178-190. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Gansukh E, Muthu M, Paul D, Ethiraj G, Chun S, Gopal J. Nature nominee quercetin's anti-influenza combat strategy-Demonstrations and remonstrations. Rev Med Virol 2017; 27:e1930. [PMID: 31211498 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.1930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nature's providences are rather the choicest remedies for human health and welfare. One such is quercetin, which is nature's nominee for cancer cure and recently demonstrated against influenza attack. Quercetin is highly recognized for its anticancer applications. This review emphasizes on yet another gift that this compound has to offer for mankind, which is none other than combating the deadly evasive influenza virus. The chemistry of this natural bioflavonoid and its derivatives and its modus operandi against influenza virus is consolidated into this review. The advancements and achievements made in the anti-influenza clinical history are also documented. Further, the challenges facing the progress of this compound to emerge as a predominant anti-influenza drug are discussed, and the future perspective for breaking its limitations through integration with nanoplatforms is envisioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enkhtaivan Gansukh
- Department of Bioresource and Food Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Manikandan Muthu
- Department of Bioresource and Food Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Diby Paul
- Environmental Microbiology, Department of Environmental Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Gopal Ethiraj
- Department of Bioresource and Food Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sechul Chun
- Department of Bioresource and Food Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Judy Gopal
- Department of Bioresource and Food Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
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Hu Y, Wang Y, Li F, Ma C, Wang J. Design and expeditious synthesis of organosilanes as potent antivirals targeting multidrug-resistant influenza A viruses. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 135:70-76. [PMID: 28433777 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The efficacy of current influenza vaccines and small molecule antiviral drugs is curtailed by the emerging of multidrug-resistant influenza viruses. As resistance to the only FDA-approved oral influenza antiviral, oseltamivir (Tamiflu), continues to rise, there is a clear need to develop the next-generation of antiviral drugs. Since more than 95% of current circulating influenza A viruses carry the S31N mutation in their M2 genes, the AM2-S31N mutant proton channel represents an attractive target for the development of broad-spectrum antivirals. In this study we report the design and synthesis of the first class of organosilanes that have potent antiviral activity against a panel of human clinical isolates of influenza A viruses, including viruses that are resistant to amantadine, oseltamivir, or both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Hu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States
| | - Yuanxiang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States
| | - Chunlong Ma
- BIO5 Institute, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, United States
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States; BIO5 Institute, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, United States.
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Adeola OA. Treatment of Influenza: Prospects of Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing Through Synthetic siRNAs. EXPLORATORY RESEARCH AND HYPOTHESIS IN MEDICINE 2017; 2:1-2. [DOI: 10.14218/erhm.2016.00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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A New Strategy to Reduce Influenza Escape: Detecting Therapeutic Targets Constituted of Invariance Groups. Viruses 2017; 9:v9030038. [PMID: 28257108 PMCID: PMC5371793 DOI: 10.3390/v9030038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenicity of the different flu species is a real public health problem worldwide. To combat this scourge, we established a method to detect drug targets, reducing the possibility of escape. Besides being able to attach a drug candidate, these targets should have the main characteristic of being part of an essential viral function. The invariance groups that are sets of residues bearing an essential function can be detected genetically. They consist of invariant and synthetic lethal residues (interdependent residues not varying or slightly varying when together). We analyzed an alignment of more than 10,000 hemagglutinin sequences of influenza to detect six invariance groups, close in space, and on the protein surface. In parallel we identified five potential pockets on the surface of hemagglutinin. By combining these results, three potential binding sites were determined that are composed of invariance groups located respectively in the vestigial esterase domain, in the bottom of the stem and in the fusion area. The latter target is constituted of residues involved in the spring-loaded mechanism, an essential step in the fusion process. We propose a model describing how this potential target could block the reorganization of the hemagglutinin HA2 secondary structure and prevent viral entry into the host cell.
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Structural basis of influenza virus fusion inhibition by the antiviral drug Arbidol. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 114:206-214. [PMID: 28003465 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1617020114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The broad-spectrum antiviral drug Arbidol shows efficacy against influenza viruses by targeting the hemagglutinin (HA) fusion machinery. However, the structural basis of the mechanism underlying fusion inhibition by Arbidol has remained obscure, thereby hindering its further development as a specific and optimized influenza therapeutic. We determined crystal structures of Arbidol in complex with influenza virus HA from pandemic 1968 H3N2 and recent 2013 H7N9 viruses. Arbidol binds in a hydrophobic cavity in the HA trimer stem at the interface between two protomers. This cavity is distal to the conserved epitope targeted by broadly neutralizing stem antibodies and is ∼16 Å from the fusion peptide. Arbidol primarily makes hydrophobic interactions with the binding site but also induces some conformational rearrangements to form a network of inter- and intraprotomer salt bridges. By functioning as molecular glue, Arbidol stabilizes the prefusion conformation of HA that inhibits the large conformational rearrangements associated with membrane fusion in the low pH of the endosome. This unique binding mode compared with the small-molecule inhibitors of other class I fusion proteins enhances our understanding of how small molecules can function as fusion inhibitors and guides the development of broad-spectrum therapeutics against influenza virus.
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