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Desai N, Trivedi A, Khedkar VM. Preparation, biological evaluation and molecular docking study of imidazolyl dihydropyrimidines as potential Mycobacterium tuberculosis dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:4030-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.06.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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2
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García-García A, Gálvez J, de Julián-Ortiz JV, García-Domenech R, Muñoz C, Guna R, Borrás R. Search of Chemical Scaffolds for Novel Antituberculosis Agents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 10:206-14. [PMID: 15809316 DOI: 10.1177/1087057104273486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A method to identify chemical scaffolds potentially active against Mycobacterium tuberculosis is presented. The molecular features of a set of structurally heterogeneous antituberculosis drugs were coded by means of structural invariants. Three techniques were used to obtain equations able to model the antituberculosis activity: linear discriminant analysis, multilinear regression, and shrinkage estimation–ridge regression. The model obtained was statistically validated through leave- n-out test, and an external set and was applied to a database for the search of new active agents. The selected compounds were assayed in vitro, and among those identified as active stand reserpine, N,N,N′,N′-tetrakis-(2-pyridylmethyl)-ethylenediamine (TPEN), trifluoperazine, pentamidine, and 2-methyl-4,6-dinitro-phenol (DNOC). They show activity comparable to or superior to ethambutol, used in combination with other drugs for the prevention and treatment of Mycobacterium avium complex and drug-resistant tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeles García-García
- Unidad de Investigación de Diseño de Fármacos y Conectividad Molecular, Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Farmacia, Universitat de València, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
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Abbas ZAA, Abu-Mejdad NMJ, Atwan ZW, Al-Masoudi NA. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of New Dipyridylpteridines, Lumazines, and Related Analogues. J Heterocycl Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.2651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zina A. A. Abbas
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science; University of Basrah; Basrah Iraq
- Central Laboratories, Rumaila; Southern Oil Company; Basrah Iraq
| | | | - Zeenah W. Atwan
- Department of Biology, College of Science; University of Basrah; Basrah Iraq
| | - Najim A. Al-Masoudi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science; University of Basrah; Basrah Iraq
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Desai NC, Trivedi AR, Vaghani HV, Somani HC, Bhatt KA. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 1,3,4-oxadiazole bearing dihydropyrimidines as potential antitubercular agents. Med Chem Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-015-1485-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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5
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The identification of novel Mycobacterium tuberculosis DHFR inhibitors and the investigation of their binding preferences by using molecular modelling. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15328. [PMID: 26471125 PMCID: PMC4607890 DOI: 10.1038/srep15328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
It is an urgent need to develop new drugs for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), and the enzyme, dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) is a recognised drug target. The crystal structures of methotrexate binding to mt- and h-DHFR separately indicate that the glycerol (GOL) binding site is likely to be critical for the function of mt-DHFR selective inhibitors. We have used in silico methods to screen NCI small molecule database and a group of related compounds were obtained that inhibit mt-DHFR activity and showed bactericidal effects against a test Mtb strain. The binding poses were then analysed and the influence of GOL binding site was studied by using molecular modelling. By comparing the chemical structures, 4 compounds that might be able to occupy the GOL binding site were identified. However, these compounds contain large hydrophobic side chains. As the GOL binding site is more hydrophilic, molecular modelling indicated that these compounds were failed to occupy the GOL site. The most potent inhibitor (compound 6) demonstrated limited selectivity for mt-DHFR, but did contain a novel central core (7H-pyrrolo[3,2-f]quinazoline-1,3-diamine), which may significantly expand the chemical space of novel mt-DHFR inhibitors. Collectively, these observations will inform future medicinal chemistry efforts to improve the selectivity of compounds against mt-DHFR.
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Yang B, Ming X, Cao C, Laing B, Yuan A, Porter MA, Hull-Ryde EA, Maddry J, Suto M, Janzen WP, Juliano RL. High-throughput screening identifies small molecules that enhance the pharmacological effects of oligonucleotides. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 43:1987-96. [PMID: 25662226 PMCID: PMC4344505 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic use of antisense and siRNA oligonucleotides has been constrained by the limited ability of these membrane-impermeable molecules to reach their intracellular sites of action. We sought to address this problem using small organic molecules to enhance the effects of oligonucleotides by modulating their intracellular trafficking and release from endosomes. A high-throughput screen of multiple small molecule libraries yielded several hits that markedly potentiated the actions of splice switching oligonucleotides in cell culture. These compounds also enhanced the effects of antisense and siRNA oligonucleotides. The hit compounds preferentially caused release of fluorescent oligonucleotides from late endosomes rather than other intracellular compartments. Studies in a transgenic mouse model indicated that these compounds could enhance the in vivo effects of a splice-switching oligonucleotide without causing significant toxicity. These observations suggest that selected small molecule enhancers may eventually be of value in oligonucleotide-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Yang
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - X Ming
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - C Cao
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - B Laing
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - A Yuan
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - M A Porter
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - E A Hull-Ryde
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - J Maddry
- Southern Research Institute, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA
| | - M Suto
- Southern Research Institute, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA
| | - W P Janzen
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - R L Juliano
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Wolff KA, Nguyen L. Strategies for potentiation of ethionamide and folate antagonists against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2012; 10:971-81. [PMID: 23106273 PMCID: PMC3971469 DOI: 10.1586/eri.12.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Antifolates inhibit de novo folate biosynthesis, whereas ethionamide targets the mycolate synthetic pathway in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. These antibiotics are effective against M. tuberculosis but their use has been hampered by concerns over toxicity and low therapeutic indexes. With the increasing spread of drug-resistant forms, interest in using old drugs for tuberculosis treatment has been renewed. Specific inhibitors targeting resistance mechanisms could sensitize M. tuberculosis to these available, clinically approved drugs. This review discusses recently developed strategies to boost the antituberculous activity of ethionamide and antifolates. These approaches might help broaden the currently limited chemotherapeutic options of not only drug-resistant but also drug-susceptible tuberculosis, which still remains one of the most common infectious diseases in the developing world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin A Wolff
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Liem Nguyen
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Trivedi AR, Bhuva VR, Dholariya BH, Dodiya DK, Kataria VB, Shah VH. Novel dihydropyrimidines as a potential new class of antitubercular agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:6100-2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.08.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2010] [Revised: 08/09/2010] [Accepted: 08/10/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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9
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Design of novel antituberculosis compounds using graph-theoretical and substructural approaches. Mol Divers 2009; 13:445-58. [PMID: 19340599 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-009-9129-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2008] [Accepted: 02/16/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The increasing resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to the existing drugs has alarmed the worldwide scientific community. In an attempt to overcome this problem, two models for the design and prediction of new antituberculosis agents were obtained. The first used a mixed approach, containing descriptors based on fragments and the topological substructural molecular design approach (TOPS-MODE) descriptors. The other model used a combination of two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) descriptors. A data set of 167 compounds with great structural variability, 72 of them antituberculosis agents and 95 compounds belonging to other pharmaceutical categories, was analyzed. The first model showed sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy values above 80% and the second one showed values higher than 75% for these statistical indices. Subsequently, 12 structures of imidazoles not included in this study were designed, taking into account the two models. In both cases accuracy was 100%, showing that the methodology in silico developed by us is promising for the rational design of antituberculosis drugs.
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Kumar A, Siddiqi MI. Virtual screening against Mycobacterium tuberculosis dihydrofolate reductase: Suggested workflow for compound prioritization using structure interaction fingerprints. J Mol Graph Model 2008; 27:476-88. [PMID: 18829358 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2008.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2008] [Revised: 08/18/2008] [Accepted: 08/19/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Janin YL. Antituberculosis drugs: ten years of research. Bioorg Med Chem 2007; 15:2479-513. [PMID: 17291770 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 360] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2006] [Revised: 12/26/2006] [Accepted: 01/17/2007] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis is today amongst the worldwide health threats. As resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis have slowly emerged, treatment failure is too often a fact, especially in countries lacking the necessary health care organisation to provide the long and costly treatment adapted to patients. Because of lack of treatment or lack of adapted treatment, at least two million people will die of tuberculosis this year. Due to this concern, this infectious disease was the focus of renewed scientific interest in the last decade. Regimens were optimized and much was learnt on the mechanisms of action of the antituberculosis drugs used. Moreover, the quest for original drugs overcoming some of the problems of current regimens also became the focus of research programmes and many new series of M. tuberculosis growth inhibitors were reported. This review presents the drugs currently used in antituberculosis treatments and the most advanced compounds undergoing clinical trials. We then provide a description of their mechanism of action along with other series of inhibitors known to act on related biochemical targets. This is followed by other inhibitors of M. tuberculosis growth, including recently reported compounds devoid of a reported mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves L Janin
- URA 2128 CNRS-Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France.
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Hawser S, Lociuro S, Islam K. Dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors as antibacterial agents. Biochem Pharmacol 2006; 71:941-8. [PMID: 16359642 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2005.10.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2005] [Revised: 10/24/2005] [Accepted: 10/31/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Although only a few DHFR inhibitors have progressed as antibiotics to the market there is much renewed interest in the discovery and development of new generation DHFR inhibitors as antibacterial agents. This article describes the success in exploiting DHFR as a drugable target as exemplified by trimethoprim (TMP) and the development of several new diaminopyrimidines. Iclaprim, a recent example of a novel diaminopyrimidine currently in Phase III clinical trials, is also described together with several examples of anti-DHFR antibacterial compounds in pre-clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Hawser
- Arpida Ltd., Dammstrasse 36, 4142 Münchenstein, Switzerland.
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da Cunha EFF, Ramalho TC, Maia ER, de Alencastro RB. The search for new DHFR inhibitors: a review of patents, January 2001 – February 2005. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2005. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.15.8.967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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14
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Ballell L, Field RA, Duncan K, Young RJ. New small-molecule synthetic antimycobacterials. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2005; 49:2153-63. [PMID: 15917508 PMCID: PMC1140552 DOI: 10.1128/aac.49.6.2153-2163.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lluis Ballell
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty, Medicinal Chemistry Group, Sorbonnelaan 16, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CA, The Netherlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan M Kompis
- ARPIDA Ltd, Dammstrasse 36, 4142 Münchenstein, Switzerland
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