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Pavlova AS, Egorova A, Krutova N, Saenko S, Mikhaylova Y, Guseva A, Chebotar IV, Podkolzin A, Kuleshov K, Akimkin V. The prevalence and characterization of ESBL-producing strains of Salmonella enterica circulating in the territory of the Russian Federation (2016–2020). CMAC 2022. [DOI: 10.36488/cmac.2022.3.236-247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Objective.
To analyze frequency and identify genetic determinants of resistance of non-typhoid Salmonella (NTS) producing extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) isolated in the Russian Federation over the period 2016 to 2020.
Materials and Methods.
Salmonella isolates, suspected to ESBL production, were collected by the All-Russia Reference Center of Salmonellosis during the national Salmonellosis surveillance program. Phenotypic resistance was determined by the broth microdilution method using G-I and G-II Mikrolatest®SensiLaTest MIC plates and by the double-disk synergy test. Whole genome sequencing was performed on the NextSeq platform (Illumina, USA), with subsequent de novo genome assembly (SPAdes 3.15.4), identification of plasmid types (MOB-suite v3.0.0), and identification of resistance genes (AMRFinderPlus v3.10.40).
Results.
Out of 1792 NTS isolates, 22 strains contained bla-genes of molecular classes A and D (blaTEM, blaCTX-M, blaSHV, blaOXA), one strain – AmpC (blaCMY-2) and three strains – combination ESBL of class A and AmpC (blaTEM, blaCMY-2, blaDHA). The frequency of occurrence of ESBL-producing Salmonella is 1.3%, AmpC – 0.2%. Additionally, strains were resistant to other non-β-lactam antibiotics. Six different types of plasmids were identified (IncI, IncFIB, IncC, IncHI2A, IncL/M and IncX1) in studied isolates. It was possible for 17 strains to identify location of resistance genes in plasmids of a certain type.
Conclusions.
The frequency of occurrence of Salmonella strains producing ESBL and AmpC was 1.45%, which were found in sporadic cases of human diseases, as well as food and environmental objects were sources of isolation. The fact of detection of such strains among various NTC serotypes and a wide range of sources of isolation confirms the relevance of monitoring antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella strains in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A.E. Egorova
- Central Research Institute of Epidemiology (Moscow, Russia)
| | - N.E. Krutova
- Central Research Institute of Epidemiology (Moscow, Russia)
| | - S.S. Saenko
- Central Research Institute of Epidemiology (Moscow, Russia)
| | | | - A.N. Guseva
- Central Research Institute of Epidemiology (Moscow, Russia)
| | - Igor V. Chebotar
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University (Moscow, Russia)
| | - A.T. Podkolzin
- Central Research Institute of Epidemiology (Moscow, Russia)
| | - K.V. Kuleshov
- Central Research Institute of Epidemiology (Moscow, Russia)
| | - V.G. Akimkin
- Central Research Institute of Epidemiology (Moscow, Russia)
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Rothrock MJ, Guard JY, Oladeinde A. Salmonella Diversity Along the Farm-to-Fork Continuum of Pastured Poultry Flocks in the Southeastern United States. Front Anim Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fanim.2021.761930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Greater consumer demand for all natural, antibiotic-free poultry products has led to an increase in pastured poultry operations. Given the increased level of environmental interaction, and the potential increase in exposure to foodborne pathogens, a greater understanding of the prevalence and diversity of Salmonella populations inherent within pastured poultry flocks. To achieve this, 42 pastured poultry flocks from 11 farms were sampled using a farm-to-fork strategy and Salmonella was isolated and characterized through pre-harvest (feces, soil) to post-harvest (ceca, whole carcass rinse) to the final product (whole carcass rinse) the consumer would purchase. Salmonella was isolated from 353 of a total of 2,305 samples, representing an overall prevalence of 18.1%. By far the most prevalent serotype was Kentucky (72.7% of all isolates), with <16% of all Salmonella representing a top serotype of concern for human health according to the CDC. Even though these flocks were raised antibiotic-free, Salmonella isolates exhibited resistances to a variety of antibiotics, with the two most common resistances being toward tetracycline and streptomycin (68.8 and 64.4% of all isolates, respectively); however, almost 98% of the multidrug resistant isolates were serotype Kentucky. Salmonella prevalence and diversity (both in terms of serotypes and antibiotic resistance profiles) were related more to the farm location than to the type of sample from which the Salmonella was isolated from along the farm-to-fork continuum. Based on these data, while Salmonella prevalence was similar to that from conventional poultry operations, serotypes of lesser concern to human health (Kentucky, Indiana) tended to fill the ecological niche for Salmonella species throughout the farm-to-fork continuum in these pastured poultry flocks. The diversity of these Salmonella populations tended to be farm specific, indicating the need for more tailored intervention strategies to continue to enhance the safety of these products.
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Nguyen DTA, Awasthi SP, Hoang PH, Nguyen PD, Jayedul H, Hatanaka N, Hinenoya A, Van Dang C, Faruque SM, Yamasaki S. Prevalence, Serovar, and Antimicrobial Resistance of Nontyphoidal Salmonella in Vegetable, Fruit, and Water Samples in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2021; 18:354-363. [PMID: 33902318 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2020.2891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the prevalence, serovar distribution, and antimicrobial resistance pattern of Salmonella isolates from vegetable, fruit, and water samples in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Salmonella was detected in 75% (30/40), 57.1% (12/21), 17.5% (28/160), and 2.5% (1/40) of river water, irrigation water, vegetable, and ice water samples, respectively. However, no Salmonella was isolated from 160 fruit and 40 tap water samples examined. A total of 102 isolates obtained from 71 samples belonged to 34 different serovars, of which Salmonella Rissen was the most prevalent, followed by Salmonella London, Salmonella Hvittingfoss, and Salmonella Weltevreden. Certain Salmonella serovars such as Newport, Rissen, and Weltevreden were isolated from both vegetable and water samples. Antimicrobial resistance was most commonly observed against tetracycline (35.3%), followed by chloramphenicol (34.3%), ampicillin (31.4%), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (23.5%), and nalidixic acid (10.8%). Of 102 isolates analyzed, 52 (51%) showed resistance to at least 1 antimicrobial class whereas 27 (26.5%) showed multidrug resistant (MDR) phenotype, being resistant to at least three different classes of antimicrobials. Determination of the presence and type of β-lactamase genes showed the cooccurrence of blaTEM-1 and blaCMY-2 in one Salmonella Agona isolate from a river water sample. Taken together, these data indicated that both environmental water and vegetables were contaminated with Salmonella, including MDR strains, and that environmental water used in irrigation might have been the source of Salmonella contamination in the vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dao Thi Anh Nguyen
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan.,The Southern Regional Testing Center of Food Safety, Institute of Public Health Ho Chi Minh City, Ministry of Health, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Sharda Prasad Awasthi
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan.,Asian Health Science Research Institute, Osaka Prefecture University, Japan
| | - Phuong Hoai Hoang
- The Southern Regional Testing Center of Food Safety, Institute of Public Health Ho Chi Minh City, Ministry of Health, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Phuc Do Nguyen
- The Southern Regional Testing Center of Food Safety, Institute of Public Health Ho Chi Minh City, Ministry of Health, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Hassan Jayedul
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Noritoshi Hatanaka
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan.,Asian Health Science Research Institute, Osaka Prefecture University, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hinenoya
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan.,Asian Health Science Research Institute, Osaka Prefecture University, Japan
| | - Chinh Van Dang
- The Southern Regional Testing Center of Food Safety, Institute of Public Health Ho Chi Minh City, Ministry of Health, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Shah M Faruque
- School of Environment and Life Sciences, Independent University Bangladesh (IUB), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shinji Yamasaki
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan.,Asian Health Science Research Institute, Osaka Prefecture University, Japan
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4
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Neuert S, Nair S, Day MR, Doumith M, Ashton PM, Mellor KC, Jenkins C, Hopkins KL, Woodford N, de Pinna E, Godbole G, Dallman TJ. Prediction of Phenotypic Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles From Whole Genome Sequences of Non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:592. [PMID: 29636749 PMCID: PMC5880904 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Surveillance of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica (NTS), is essential for monitoring transmission of resistance from the food chain to humans, and for establishing effective treatment protocols. We evaluated the prediction of phenotypic resistance in NTS from genotypic profiles derived from whole genome sequencing (WGS). Genes and chromosomal mutations responsible for phenotypic resistance were sought in WGS data from 3,491 NTS isolates received by Public Health England’s Gastrointestinal Bacteria Reference Unit between April 2014 and March 2015. Inferred genotypic AMR profiles were compared with phenotypic susceptibilities determined for fifteen antimicrobials using EUCAST guidelines. Discrepancies between phenotypic and genotypic profiles for one or more antimicrobials were detected for 76 isolates (2.18%) although only 88/52,365 (0.17%) isolate/antimicrobial combinations were discordant. Of the discrepant results, the largest number were associated with streptomycin (67.05%, n = 59). Pan-susceptibility was observed in 2,190 isolates (62.73%). Overall, resistance to tetracyclines was most common (26.27% of isolates, n = 917) followed by sulphonamides (23.72%, n = 828) and ampicillin (21.43%, n = 748). Multidrug resistance (MDR), i.e., resistance to three or more antimicrobial classes, was detected in 848 isolates (24.29%) with resistance to ampicillin, streptomycin, sulphonamides and tetracyclines being the most common MDR profile (n = 231; 27.24%). For isolates with this profile, all but one were S. Typhimurium and 94.81% (n = 219) had the resistance determinants blaTEM-1,strA-strB, sul2 and tet(A). Extended-spectrum β-lactamase genes were identified in 41 isolates (1.17%) and multiple mutations in chromosomal genes associated with ciprofloxacin resistance in 82 isolates (2.35%). This study showed that WGS is suitable as a rapid means of determining AMR patterns of NTS for public health surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia Neuert
- National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Gastrointestinal Infections, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,Bacteriology Reference Department, National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, United Kindom
| | - Satheesh Nair
- Bacteriology Reference Department, National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, United Kindom
| | - Martin R Day
- Bacteriology Reference Department, National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, United Kindom
| | - Michel Doumith
- Bacteriology Reference Department, National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, United Kindom
| | - Philip M Ashton
- Bacteriology Reference Department, National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, United Kindom
| | - Kate C Mellor
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom.,London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Jenkins
- National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Gastrointestinal Infections, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,Bacteriology Reference Department, National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, United Kindom
| | - Katie L Hopkins
- Bacteriology Reference Department, National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, United Kindom
| | - Neil Woodford
- Bacteriology Reference Department, National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, United Kindom
| | - Elizabeth de Pinna
- Bacteriology Reference Department, National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, United Kindom
| | - Gauri Godbole
- National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Gastrointestinal Infections, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,Bacteriology Reference Department, National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, United Kindom
| | - Timothy J Dallman
- National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Gastrointestinal Infections, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,Bacteriology Reference Department, National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, United Kindom
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5
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Edirmanasinghe R, Finley R, Parmley EJ, Avery BP, Carson C, Bekal S, Golding G, Mulvey MR. A Whole-Genome Sequencing Approach To Study Cefoxitin-Resistant Salmonella enterica Serovar Heidelberg Isolates from Various Sources. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2017; 61:e01919-16. [PMID: 28137797 DOI: 10.1128/AAC.01919-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This study characterized cefoxitin-resistant and -susceptible Salmonella enterica serovar Heidelberg strains from humans, abattoir poultry, and retail poultry to assess the molecular relationships of isolates from these sources in Québec in 2012. Isolates were collected as part of the Canadian Integrated Program for Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance (CIPARS). All isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing, PCR for CMY-2, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and whole-genome sequencing (WGS). A total of 113 S. Heidelberg isolates from humans (n = 51), abattoir poultry (n = 18), and retail poultry (n = 44) were studied. All cefoxitin-resistant isolates (n = 65) were also resistant to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, ampicillin, ceftiofur, and ceftriaxone, and all contained the CMY-2 gene. PFGE analysis showed that 111/113 (98.2%) isolates clustered together with ≥90% similarity. Core genome analysis using WGS identified 13 small clusters of isolates with 0 to 4 single nucleotide variations (SNVs), consisting of cefoxitin-resistant and -susceptible human, abattoir poultry, and retail poultry isolates. CMY-2 plasmids from cefoxitin-resistant isolates all belonged to incompatibility group I1. Analysis of IncI1 plasmid sequences revealed high identity (95 to 99%) to a previously described plasmid (pCVM29188_101) found in Salmonella Kentucky. When compared to pCVM29188_101, all sequenced cefoxitin-resistant isolates were found to carry 1 of 10 possible variant plasmids. Transmission of S. Heidelberg may be occurring between human, abattoir poultry, and retail poultry sources, and transmission of a common CMY-2 plasmid may be occurring among S. Heidelberg strains with variable genetic backgrounds.
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6
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Nguyen DT, Kanki M, Nguyen PD, Le HT, Ngo PT, Tran DN, Le NH, Dang CV, Kawai T, Kawahara R, Yonogi S, Hirai Y, Jinnai M, Yamasaki S, Kumeda Y, Yamamoto Y. Prevalence, antibiotic resistance, and extended-spectrum and AmpC β-lactamase productivity of Salmonella isolates from raw meat and seafood samples in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Int J Food Microbiol 2016; 236:115-22. [PMID: 27479779 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2016.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Salmonellosis is a type of foodborne disease caused by Salmonella enterica and is a frequent cause of childhood diarrhea in Vietnam. Of particular concern is the dissemination of multidrug-resistant Salmonella, as extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-positive isolates were recently detected in children in Vietnam. In the present study, the prevalence and antibiotic resistance of Salmonella isolates obtained from 409 raw meat and seafood samples collected between October 2012 and March 2015 from slaughterhouses, wholesale fish market, and retail markets in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam were examined. A high rate of Salmonella contamination was detected in the pork (69.7%), poultry (65.3%), beef (58.3%), shrimp (49.1%), and farmed freshwater fish samples (36.6%). A total of 53 Salmonella serovars were found, of which S. Rissen, S. Weltevreden, S. London, S. Anatum, S. Typhimurium, and S. Corvallis were the most prevalent. In addition, 4 monophasic S. Typhimurium strains were identified using a PCR method for the detection of a specific IS200 fragment within the fliB-fliA intergenic region. The Salmonella isolates had a high prevalence (62.2%) of resistance to antimicrobial agents, particularly tetracycline (53.3%), ampicillin (43.8%), chloramphenicol (37.5%), and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (31.3%). Isolates with resistance to three or more classes of antimicrobials were found (41.1%). Especially, isolates such as S. monophasic Typhimurium, S. Schwarzengrund, S. Indiana, S. Newport, S. Saintpaul and S. Bovismorbificans exhibited resistance to 6 classes of antimicrobials (3.3%). All 7 S. Indiana strains were resistant to between 4 and 6 classes of antimicrobials, including ciprofloxacin, which is commonly used for the treatment of human Salmonella infections. Two fish isolates were confirmed to be CTX-M-55 ESBL-producing Salmonella serovars Bovismorbificans and Newport, and five CMY-2 AmpC-producing Salmonella isolates of serovars Braenderup (4) and Typhimurium (1) were detected in poultry samples. The findings from this study, which is the first report of ESBL- and AmpC-producing Salmonella isolates from food in Vietnam, indicate that multidrug-resistant Salmonella are widely disseminated not only in meats, but also in seafood, within the food distribution system of Vietnam. The presence of these multidrug-resistant strains is a public health concern and suggests that the use of antimicrobial agents in both humans and animals in Vietnam should be tightly controlled.
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7
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Crump JA, Sjölund-Karlsson M, Gordon MA, Parry CM. Epidemiology, Clinical Presentation, Laboratory Diagnosis, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Antimicrobial Management of Invasive Salmonella Infections. Clin Microbiol Rev 2015; 28:901-37. [PMID: 26180063 PMCID: PMC4503790 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00002-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 616] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica infections are common causes of bloodstream infection in low-resource areas, where they may be difficult to distinguish from other febrile illnesses and may be associated with a high case fatality ratio. Microbiologic culture of blood or bone marrow remains the mainstay of laboratory diagnosis. Antimicrobial resistance has emerged in Salmonella enterica, initially to the traditional first-line drugs chloramphenicol, ampicillin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Decreased fluoroquinolone susceptibility and then fluoroquinolone resistance have developed in association with chromosomal mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining region of genes encoding DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV and also by plasmid-mediated resistance mechanisms. Resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins has occurred more often in nontyphoidal than in typhoidal Salmonella strains. Azithromycin is effective for the management of uncomplicated typhoid fever and may serve as an alternative oral drug in areas where fluoroquinolone resistance is common. In 2013, CLSI lowered the ciprofloxacin susceptibility breakpoints to account for accumulating clinical, microbiologic, and pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic data suggesting that revision was needed for contemporary invasive Salmonella infections. Newly established CLSI guidelines for azithromycin and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi were published in CLSI document M100 in 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Crump
- Centre for International Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Maria Sjölund-Karlsson
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Melita A Gordon
- Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Christopher M Parry
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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8
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Noda T, Murakami K, Etoh Y, Okamoto F, Yatsuyanagi J, Sera N, Furuta M, Onozuka D, Oda T, Asai T, Fujimoto S. Increase in resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins in Salmonella isolated from retail chicken products in Japan. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116927. [PMID: 25642944 PMCID: PMC4314076 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Salmonella are one of the most important public health problems in developed countries. ESBL-producing Salmonella strains have been isolated from humans in Asian countries neighboring Japan, along with strains harboring the plasmid-mediated extended-spectrum cephalosporin (ESC)-resistance gene, ampC (pAmpC). However, only a few studies have investigated the prevalence of ESC-resistant Salmonella in chicken products in Japan, which are the main vehicle of Salmonella transmission. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of ESBL-producing, pAmpC-harboring, or carbapenem-resistant Salmonella in chicken products in Japan. In total, 355 out of 779 (45.6%) chicken product samples collected from 1996–2010 contained Salmonella, resulting in 378 distinct isolates. Of these isolates, 373 were tested for resistance to ESCs, cephamycins, or carbapenems. Isolates that showed resistance to one or more of these antimicrobials were then examined by PCR and DNA sequence analysis for the presence of the blaCMY, blaCTX-M, blaTEM, and blaSHV resistance genes. Thirty-five resistant isolates were detected, including 26 isolates that contained pAmpC (blaCMY-2), and nine ESBL-producing isolates harboring blaCTX-M (n = 4, consisting of two blaCTX-M-2 and two blaCTX-M-15 genes), blaTEM (n = 4, consisting of one blaTEM-20 and three blaTEM-52 genes), and blaSHV (n = 1, blaSHV-12). All pAmpC-harboring and ESBL-producing Salmonella isolates were obtained from samples collected after 2005, and the percentage of resistant isolates increased significantly from 0% in 2004 to 27.9% in 2010 (P for trend = 0.006). This increase was caused in part by an increase in the number of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Infantis strains harboring an approximately 280-kb plasmid containing blaCMY-2 in proximity to ISEcp1. The dissemination of ESC-resistant Salmonella containing plasmid-mediated blaCMY-2 in chicken products indicates the need for the development of continuous monitoring strategies in the interests of public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamie Noda
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
- Division of Pathology and Bacteriology, Department of Health Science, Fukuoka Institute of Health and Environmental Sciences, 39 Mukaizano, Dazaifu, Fukuoka 818-0135, Japan
| | - Koichi Murakami
- Division of Pathology and Bacteriology, Department of Health Science, Fukuoka Institute of Health and Environmental Sciences, 39 Mukaizano, Dazaifu, Fukuoka 818-0135, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Yoshiki Etoh
- Division of Pathology and Bacteriology, Department of Health Science, Fukuoka Institute of Health and Environmental Sciences, 39 Mukaizano, Dazaifu, Fukuoka 818-0135, Japan
| | - Fuyuki Okamoto
- Division of Pathology and Bacteriology, Department of Health Science, Fukuoka Institute of Health and Environmental Sciences, 39 Mukaizano, Dazaifu, Fukuoka 818-0135, Japan
| | - Jun Yatsuyanagi
- Akita Prefectural Institute of Public Health, 6-6 Sensyukubota, Akita 010-0874, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Sera
- Division of Pathology and Bacteriology, Department of Health Science, Fukuoka Institute of Health and Environmental Sciences, 39 Mukaizano, Dazaifu, Fukuoka 818-0135, Japan
| | - Munenori Furuta
- Nakamura Gakuen University Junior College, 5-7-1 Befu, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0198, Japan
| | - Daisuke Onozuka
- Department of Health Care Administration and Management, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takahiro Oda
- Nakamura Gakuen University Junior College, 5-7-1 Befu, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0198, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Asai
- Animal Infectious Disease Control, United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Shuji Fujimoto
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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9
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Wong MH, Yan M, Chan EW, Biao K, Chen S. Emergence of clinical Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium isolates with concurrent resistance to ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, and azithromycin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2014; 58:3752-6. [PMID: 24752251 DOI: 10.1128/AAC.02770-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella infection is an important public health issue for which the needs of antimicrobial treatment are increasing. A total of 546 human clinical S. enterica serovar Typhimurium isolates were recovered from patients in hospitals in China during the period of 2005 to ∼ 2011. Twenty percent of the isolates exhibited resistance to ciprofloxacin, and 4% were resistant to ceftriaxone. Importantly, for the first time, 12 (2%) S. Typhimurium isolates resistant to both ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone were recovered; among these 12 isolates, two were also resistant to azithromycin, and one was resistant to all other drugs tested. The combined effects of various transferrable extended-spectrum β-lactamase determinants and a novel efflux-based ciprofloxacin resistance mechanism encoded by the mobile efflux gene oqxAB were responsible for the emergence of these extremely (highly) drug-resistant (XDR) S. Typhimurium isolates. The dissemination of resistance genes, such as those encoding ESBLs and the OqxAB pump, among Salmonella organisms will speed up the selection of XDR Salmonella, posing a huge threat to public health and Salmonella infection control.
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10
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Hiki M, Usui M, Kojima A, Ozawa M, Ishii Y, Asai T. Diversity of plasmid replicons encoding the bla(CMY-2) gene in broad-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli from livestock animals in Japan. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2013; 10:243-9. [PMID: 23489047 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2012.1306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Broad-spectrum cephalosporin (BSC) resistance has increased in Escherichia coli isolates from broiler chickens in Japan since 2004. The purpose of this study was to understand the epidemiology of BSC-resistant E. coli in livestock animals. Among 3274 E. coli isolates from 1767 feces of apparently healthy animals on 1767 farms between 2004 and 2009, 118 ceftiofur (CTF)-resistant isolates (CTF MIC ≥4 μg/mL) were identified on 74 farms. After elimination of apparently clonal isolates from a single animal, 75 selected CTF-resistant isolates (62 isolates from 61 broiler chickens, 10 isolates from 10 layer chickens, two isolates from two cows, and one isolate from a pig) were characterized. The bla(CMY-2) gene was most frequently detected in 50 isolates, followed by bla(CTX-M) (CTX-M-2: six isolates; CTX-M-14: four isolates; CTX-M-25: two isolates; CTX-M-1: one isolate) and bla(SHV) (SHV-12: seven isolates; SHV-2, SHV-2a, SHV-5: one isolate each). In particular, 42 of 62 broiler chicken isolates harbored bla(CMY-2). Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analyses using XbaI revealed divergent profiles among the BSC-resistant isolates. The incompatibility groups of bla(CMY-2) plasmids from 34 of the 42 broiler chicken isolates belonged to IncIγ (10 isolates), IncA/C (nine isolates), IncB/O (seven isolates) and IncI1 (six isolates), or were nontypeable (two isolates). Co-transmission of resistance to non-β-lactam antibiotics was observed in transconjugants with IncA/C plasmids, but not with IncI1, IncIγ, and IncB/O plasmids except for one isolate with IncB/O. Our findings suggest that the bla(CMY-2) gene is a key player in BSC-resistant E. coli isolates and that coselection is unlikely to be associated with the abundance of bla(CMY-2) plasmids, except for IncA/C plasmids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mototaka Hiki
- National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries, Tokyo, Japan
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Sjölund-Karlsson M, Howie RL, Blickenstaff K, Boerlin P, Ball T, Chalmers G, Duval B, Haro J, Rickert R, Zhao S, Fedorka-Cray PJ, Whichard JM. Occurrence of β-Lactamase Genes Among Non-TyphiSalmonella entericaIsolated from Humans, Food Animals, and Retail Meats in the United States and Canada. Microb Drug Resist 2013; 19:191-7. [DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2012.0178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sjölund-Karlsson
- National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Brea Duval
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Athens, Georgia
| | - Jovita Haro
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Athens, Georgia
| | - Regan Rickert
- National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | | | - Jean M. Whichard
- National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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Seiffert SN, Hilty M, Perreten V, Endimiani A. Extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Gram-negative organisms in livestock: an emerging problem for human health? Drug Resist Updat. 2013;16:22-45. [PMID: 23395305 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2012.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp. and Acinetobacter spp. are important human pathogens. Serious infections due to these organisms are usually treated with extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESCs). However, in the past two decades we have faced a rapid increasing of infections and colonization caused by ESC-resistant (ESC-R) isolates due to production of extended-spectrum-β-lactamases (ESBLs), plasmid-mediated AmpCs (pAmpCs) and/or carbapenemase enzymes. This situation limits drastically our therapeutic armamentarium and puts under peril the human health. Animals are considered as potential reservoirs of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative organisms. The massive and indiscriminate use of antibiotics in veterinary medicine has contributed to the selection of ESC-R E. coli, ESC-R Salmonella spp. and, to less extent, MDR Acinetobacter spp. among animals, food, and environment. This complex scenario is responsible for the expansion of these MDR organisms which may have life-threatening clinical significance. Nowadays, the prevalence of food-producing animals carrying ESC-R E. coli and ESC-R Salmonella (especially those producing CTX-M-type ESBLs and the CMY-2 pAmpC) has reached worryingly high values. More recently, the appearance of carbapenem-resistant isolates (i.e., VIM-1-producing Enterobacteriaceae and NDM-1 or OXA-23-producing Acinetobacter spp.) in livestock has even drawn greater concerns. In this review, we describe the aspects related to the spread of the above MDR organisms among pigs, cattle, and poultry, focusing on epidemiology, molecular mechanisms of resistance, impact of antibiotic use, and strategies to contain the overall problem. The link and the impact of ESC-R organisms of livestock origin for the human scenario are also discussed.
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Martin LC, Weir EK, Poppe C, Reid-Smith RJ, Boerlin P. Characterization of blaCMY-2 plasmids in Salmonella and Escherichia coli isolates from food animals in Canada. Appl Environ Microbiol 2012; 78:1285-7. [PMID: 22156427 DOI: 10.1128/AEM.06498-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
One hundred thirty-four bla(CMY-2) plasmids from Salmonella and Escherichia coli strains from animals and food in Canada were characterized. Five plasmid groups were identified based on replicon type and restriction profiles. Three groups contained E. coli plasmids only. IncA/C plasmids included most multiresistant plasmids and all those of bovine origin.
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Folster JP, Pecic G, McCullough A, Rickert R, Whichard JM. Characterization of blaCMY-Encoding Plasmids Among Salmonella Isolated in the United States in 2007. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2011; 8:1289-94. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2011.0944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jason P. Folster
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
- IHRC, Inc., Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Gary Pecic
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
- IHRC, Inc., Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Andre McCullough
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
- IHRC, Inc., Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Regan Rickert
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jean M. Whichard
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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Shaheen BW, Nayak R, Foley SL, Kweon O, Deck J, Park M, Rafii F, Boothe DM. Molecular characterization of resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins in clinical Escherichia coli isolates from companion animals in the United States. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2011; 55:5666-75. [PMID: 21947397 DOI: 10.1128/AAC.00656-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESC) among members of the family Enterobacteriaceae occurs worldwide; however, little is known about ESC resistance in Escherichia coli strains from companion animals. Clinical isolates of E. coli were collected from veterinary diagnostic laboratories throughout the United States from 2008 to 2009. E. coli isolates (n = 54) with reduced susceptibility to ceftazidime or cefotaxime (MIC ≥ 16 μg/ml) and extended-spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL) phenotypes were analyzed. PCR and sequencing were used to detect mutations in ESBL-encoding genes and the regulatory region of the chromosomal gene ampC. Conjugation experiments and plasmid identification were conducted to examine the transferability of resistance to ESCs. All isolates carried the bla(CTX-M-1)-group β-lactamase genes in addition to one or more of the following β-lactamase genes: bla(TEM), bla(SHV-3), bla(CMY-2), bla(CTX-M-14-like), and bla(OXA-1.) Different bla(TEM) sequence variants were detected in some isolates (n = 40). Three isolates harbored a bla(TEM-181) gene with a novel mutation resulting in an Ala184Val substitution. Approximately 78% of the isolates had mutations in promoter/attenuator regions of the chromosomal gene ampC, one of which was a novel insertion of adenine between bases -28 and -29. Plasmids ranging in size from 11 to 233 kbp were detected in the isolates, with a common plasmid size of 93 kbp identified in 60% of isolates. Plasmid-mediated transfer of β-lactamase genes increased the MICs (≥ 16-fold) of ESCs for transconjugants. Replicon typing among isolates revealed the predominance of IncI and IncFIA plasmids, followed by IncFIB plasmids. This study shows the emergence of conjugative plasmid-borne ESBLs among E. coli strains from companion animals in the United States, which may compromise the effective therapeutic use of ESCs in veterinary medicine.
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Scientific Opinion on the public health risks of bacterial strains producing extended-spectrum β-lactamases and/or AmpC β-lactamases in food and food-producing animals. EFSA J 2011. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2011.2322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Mataseje LF, Baudry PJ, Zhanel GG, Morck DW, Read RR, Louie M, Mulvey MR. Comparison of CMY-2 plasmids isolated from human, animal, and environmental Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. from Canada. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2010; 67:387-91. [PMID: 20638610 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2010.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2009] [Revised: 02/23/2010] [Accepted: 02/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A total of 244 CMY-2 plasmids from 5 separate studies involving Escherichia coli and Salmonella human clinical cases as well as E. coli from feedlots and water sources were examined. Genetically similar CMY-2 plasmids isolated from either E. coli or Salmonella from human, animal, and environmental sources are widely distributed across Canada and cluster into replicon types I1, A/C, and K/B and an unidentified group.
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