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Kawanishi M, Matsuda M, Abo H, Ozawa M, Hosoi Y, Hiraoka Y, Harada S, Kumakawa M, Sekiguchi H. Prevalence and Genetic Characterization of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Pigs in Japan. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:155. [PMID: 38391541 PMCID: PMC10885860 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13020155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
We investigated the prevalence of livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA) in pig slaughterhouses from 2018 to 2022 in Japan and the isolates were examined for antimicrobial susceptibility and genetic characteristics by whole-genome analysis. Although the positive LA-MRSA rates on farms (29.6%) and samples (9.9%) in 2022 in Japan remained lower than those observed in European countries exhibiting extremely high rates of confirmed human LA-MRSA infections, these rates showed a gradually increasing trend over five years. The ST398/t034 strain was predominant, followed by ST5/t002, and differences were identified between ST398 and ST5 in terms of antimicrobial susceptibility and the resistance genes carried. Notably, LA-MRSA possessed resistance genes toward many antimicrobial classes, with 91.4% of the ST398 strains harboring zinc resistance genes. These findings indicate that the co-selection pressure associated with multidrug and zinc resistance may have contributed markedly to LA-MRSA persistence. SNP analysis revealed that ST398 and ST5 of swine origin were classified into a different cluster of MRSA from humans, showing the same ST in Japan and lacking the immune evasion genes (scn, sak, or chp). Although swine-origin LA-MRSA is currently unlikely to spread to humans and become a problem in current clinical practice, preventing its dissemination requires using antimicrobials prudently, limiting zinc utilization to the minimum required nutrient, and practicing fundamental hygiene measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiko Kawanishi
- Veterinary AMR Center, National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Tokyo 185-8511, Japan
| | - Mari Matsuda
- Veterinary AMR Center, National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Tokyo 185-8511, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Abo
- Veterinary AMR Center, National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Tokyo 185-8511, Japan
| | - Manao Ozawa
- Veterinary AMR Center, National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Tokyo 185-8511, Japan
| | - Yuta Hosoi
- Veterinary AMR Center, National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Tokyo 185-8511, Japan
| | - Yukari Hiraoka
- Veterinary AMR Center, National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Tokyo 185-8511, Japan
| | - Saki Harada
- Veterinary AMR Center, National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Tokyo 185-8511, Japan
| | - Mio Kumakawa
- Veterinary AMR Center, National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Tokyo 185-8511, Japan
| | - Hideto Sekiguchi
- Veterinary AMR Center, National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Tokyo 185-8511, Japan
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Ozawa M, Kawano M, Abo H, Issiki Y, Kumakawa M, Kawanishi M, Kojima A, Iwamoto S. Characterization of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae isolated from pigs in Japan using whole genome sequencing. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2023; 102:102062. [PMID: 37741218 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2023.102062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
We conducted whole-genome sequencing to investigate the serotypes, the presence of virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes, and the genetic relationships among isolates of Actinobacillus. pleuropneumoniae derived from diseased pigs. Serotype 2 (71.2%) was the most common, but the prevalence of serotypes 6 (13.6%) and 15 (6.8%) increased. Existing vaccines are considered ineffective on the isolates belonging to serotypes 6 and 15. The phylogenetic tree based on core genome single nucleotide polymorphisms showed that the isolates were clustered by serotype. Of the isolates, 62.5% did not have an antimicrobial resistance gene, including a florfenicol resistance gene, but 32.2% had a tetracycline resistance gene. The antimicrobial resistant phenotype and genotype were almost identical. The plasmid-derived contigs harbored resistance genes of aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, β-lactams, phenicols, or sulfonamides. It has been suggested that isolates with different genetic properties from vaccine strains are circulating; however, antimicrobial resistance may not be widespread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manao Ozawa
- National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, 1-15-1, Tokura, Kokubunji, Tokyo 185-8511, Japan.
| | - Motoshi Kawano
- National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, 1-15-1, Tokura, Kokubunji, Tokyo 185-8511, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Abo
- National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, 1-15-1, Tokura, Kokubunji, Tokyo 185-8511, Japan
| | - Yukari Issiki
- National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, 1-15-1, Tokura, Kokubunji, Tokyo 185-8511, Japan
| | - Mio Kumakawa
- National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, 1-15-1, Tokura, Kokubunji, Tokyo 185-8511, Japan
| | - Michiko Kawanishi
- National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, 1-15-1, Tokura, Kokubunji, Tokyo 185-8511, Japan
| | - Akemi Kojima
- National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, 1-15-1, Tokura, Kokubunji, Tokyo 185-8511, Japan
| | - Shoko Iwamoto
- National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, 1-15-1, Tokura, Kokubunji, Tokyo 185-8511, Japan
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Ozawa M, Shirakawa T, Moriya K, Furuya Y, Kawanishi M, Makita K, Sekiguchi H. Role of Plasmids in Co-Selection of Antimicrobial Resistances Among Escherichia coli Isolated from Pigs. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2023; 20:435-441. [PMID: 37540099 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2023.0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Co-selection is thought to occur when resistance genes are located on the same mobile genetic element. However, this mechanism is currently poorly understood. In this study, complete circular plasmids from swine-derived Escherichia coli were sequenced with short and long reads to confirm that resistance genes involved in co-resistance were co-transferred by the same plasmid. Conjugative transfer tests were performed, and multiple resistance genes were transmitted. The genes possessed by the donor, transconjugant, and plasmid of the donor were highly similar. In addition, the sequences of the plasmid of the donor and the plasmid of the transconjugant were almost identical. Resistance genes associated with statistically significant combinations of antimicrobial use and resistance were co-transmitted by the same plasmid. These results suggest that resistance genes may be involved in co-selection by their transfer between bacteria on the same plasmid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manao Ozawa
- Assay Division II, National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Shirakawa
- Assay Division II, National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Konomi Moriya
- Assay Division II, National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukari Furuya
- Assay Division II, National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michiko Kawanishi
- Assay Division II, National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohei Makita
- Veterinary Epidemiology Unit, Division of Health and Environmental Sciences, Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakino Gakuen University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hideto Sekiguchi
- Assay Division II, National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Tokyo, Japan
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Watanabe J, Ohya H, Sakai J, Suwa Y, Goto K, Nakagawa K, Ozawa M, Ishibe A, Suwa H, Kunisaki C, Endo I. Long-term outcomes of indocyanine green fluorescence imaging-guided laparoscopic lateral pelvic lymph node dissection for clinical stage II/III middle-lower rectal cancer: a propensity score-matched cohort study. Tech Coloproctol 2023; 27:759-767. [PMID: 36773172 DOI: 10.1007/s10151-023-02761-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously reported that indocyanine green fluorescence imaging (ICG-FI)-guided laparoscopic lateral pelvic lymph node dissection (LPLND) was able to increase the total number of harvested lateral pelvic lymph nodes without impairing functional preservation. However, the long-term outcomes of ICG-FI-guided laparoscopic LPLND have not been evaluated. The aim of the present study was to compare the long-term outcomes of ICG-FI-guided laparoscopic LPLND to conventional laparoscopic LPLND without ICG-FI. METHODS This was a retrospective, multi-institutional study with propensity score matching. The study population included consecutive patients with middle-low rectal cancer (clinical stage II to III) who underwent laparoscopic LPLND between January 2013 and February 2018. The main evaluation items in this study were the 3-year overall survival, relapse-free survival (RFS), local recurrence rate, and lateral local recurrence (LLR) rate. RESULTS A total of 172 patients with middle-lower rectal cancer who had undergone laparoscopic LPLND were included in this study. After propensity score matching, 58 patients were matched in each of the ICG-FI and non-ICG-FI groups. There were no substantial differences in the baseline characteristics between the two groups. The ICG-FI group and non-ICG-FI group included 40 and 38 women and had a median age of 65 (IQR 60-72) and 66 (IQR 60-73) years, respectively. The median follow-up for all patients was 63.7 (IQR 51.3-76.8) months. The estimated respective 3-year overall survival, RFS, and local recurrence rates were 93.1%, 70.7%, and 5.2% in the ICG-FI group and 85.9%, 71.7%, and 12.8% in the non-ICG-FI group (p = 0.201, 0.653, 0.391). The 3-year cumulative LLR rate was 0% in the ICG-FI group and 9.3% in the non-ICG-FI group (p = 0.048). CONCLUSIONS This study revealed that laparoscopic LPLND combined with ICG-FI was able to decrease the LLR rate. It appears that ICG-FI could contribute to improving the quality of laparoscopic LPLND and strengthening local control of the lateral pelvis. TRIALS REGISTRATION This study was registered with the Japanese Clinical Trials Registry as UMIN000041372 ( http://www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/index.htm ).
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Affiliation(s)
- J Watanabe
- Department of Surgery, Gastroenterological Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center, 4-57, Urafune-Cho, Minami-Ku, Yokohama, 232-0024, Japan.
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - H Ohya
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - J Sakai
- Department of Surgery, Yokosuka Kyosai Hospital, Yokosuka, Japan
| | - Y Suwa
- Department of Surgery, Gastroenterological Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center, 4-57, Urafune-Cho, Minami-Ku, Yokohama, 232-0024, Japan
| | - K Goto
- Department of Surgery, Gastroenterological Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center, 4-57, Urafune-Cho, Minami-Ku, Yokohama, 232-0024, Japan
| | - K Nakagawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - M Ozawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - A Ishibe
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - H Suwa
- Department of Surgery, Yokosuka Kyosai Hospital, Yokosuka, Japan
| | - C Kunisaki
- Department of Surgery, Gastroenterological Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center, 4-57, Urafune-Cho, Minami-Ku, Yokohama, 232-0024, Japan
| | - I Endo
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
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Ohya H, Watanabe J, Chida K, Goto K, Suwa Y, Nakagawa K, Suwa H, Ozawa M, Ishibe A, Endo I. Initial experience with the transanal approach for lateral pelvic lymph node dissection in rectal cancer. Tech Coloproctol 2023; 27:685-691. [PMID: 36757559 DOI: 10.1007/s10151-023-02763-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The efficacy and safety of transanal lateral pelvic lymph node dissection (TaLPLND) in rectal cancer has not yet been clarified. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the short-term results as an initial experience of TaLPLND. METHODS This retrospective study included patients with middle to lower rectal cancer who underwent TaLPLND from July 2018 to July 2021. Our institutions targeted lymph nodes in the internal iliac area and the obturator area for lateral pelvic lymph node dissection (LPLND). RESULTS A total of 30 consecutive patients with rectal cancer were included in this analysis. The median age was 60 years (range, 36-83 years), and the male-female ratio was 2:1. The median operative time was 362 min (IQR, 283-661 min), and the median intraoperative blood loss was 74 ml (IQR, 5-500 ml). Intraoperative blood transfusion was required in one case. No cases required conversion to laparotomy. TaLPLND was performed bilaterally in 13 patients (43.3%). Five patients (16.7%) underwent LPLND with combined resection of the internal iliac vessels. The median distance of the distal margin from the anal verge was 20 mm. The pathological radial margin (pRM) was positive in one case, and the negative pRM rate was 96.7%. Short-term postoperative complications (Clavien-Dindo classification grade ≥ II) were observed in nine cases (30.0%). There were no cases of reoperation or mortality. The median number of harvested lateral pelvic lymph nodes was 11 (range, 3-28). On pathological examination, lateral pelvic lymph nodes were positive for metastasis in seven cases (23.3%). CONCLUSIONS TaLPLND appeared to be beneficial from an oncological point of view because it was close to the upstream lymphatic drainage from the tumor. The short-term outcomes of this initial experience indicate that this novel approach is feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ohya
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa-Ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - J Watanabe
- Department of Surgery, Gastroenterological Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center, 4-57, Urafune-Cho, Minami-Ku, YokohamaYokohama, 232-0024, Japan.
| | - K Chida
- Department of Surgery, Gastroenterological Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center, 4-57, Urafune-Cho, Minami-Ku, YokohamaYokohama, 232-0024, Japan
| | - K Goto
- Department of Surgery, Gastroenterological Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center, 4-57, Urafune-Cho, Minami-Ku, YokohamaYokohama, 232-0024, Japan
| | - Y Suwa
- Department of Surgery, Gastroenterological Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center, 4-57, Urafune-Cho, Minami-Ku, YokohamaYokohama, 232-0024, Japan
| | - K Nakagawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa-Ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - H Suwa
- Department of Surgery, Yokosuka Kyosai Hospital, Yokosuka, Japan
| | - M Ozawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa-Ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - A Ishibe
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa-Ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - I Endo
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa-Ku, Yokohama, Japan
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Kawai K, Kurumisawa T, Shinozuka Y, Higuchi H, Iwano H, Hayashi T, Ozawa M, Koike R, Uchiyama M. Antimicrobial susceptibility of bovine clinical mastitis pathogens in Japan and development of a simplified agar disk diffusion method for clinical practice. J Vet Med Sci 2023; 85:143-148. [PMID: 36543185 PMCID: PMC10017299 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.21-0450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the antimicrobial susceptibility of bovine mastitis pathogens in Japan and develop criteria for testing antimicrobial susceptibility using the simplified agar disk diffusion (ADD) method that is currently being used in clinical practice. Milk samples from 1,349 dairy cows with clinical mastitis were collected and cultured. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the antimicrobials were determined for 504 strains of 28 bacteria. Of the gram-positive bacteria, most Staphylococcus spp. were susceptible to penicillin G (PCG), kanamycin (KM), oxytetracycline (OTC), cefazolin (CEZ), pirlimycin, enrofloxacin, and marbofloxacin. Streptococcus spp. and Trueperella pyogenes showed resistance to OTC and KM. Most gram-negative bacteria were resistant to OTC and CEZ and particularly susceptible to fluoroquinolones. To develop the criteria for a disk diffusion test of the simplified ADD method, the relationships between MICs and diameters of inhibition zones (DIZs) were analyzed and compared with the conventional method. The susceptibility breakpoints of several antimicrobials were lower for both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Particularly for gram-positive bacteria, the application of the new criteria lowers the breakpoint for PCG, suggesting that the use of PCG instead of CEZ may increase. The results suggest that use of these criteria for the simplified ADD method may lead to appropriate antimicrobial choice and consequently the appropriate use of antimicrobials in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Kawai
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan.,Azabu University Mastitis Research Center, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tomomi Kurumisawa
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan.,Azabu University Mastitis Research Center, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yasunori Shinozuka
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan.,Azabu University Mastitis Research Center, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Higuchi
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hidetomo Iwano
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tomohito Hayashi
- National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Manao Ozawa
- National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture Forestry and Fisheries, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryoji Koike
- National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture Forestry and Fisheries, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mariko Uchiyama
- National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture Forestry and Fisheries, Tokyo, Japan
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Furuya Y, Matsuda M, Harada S, Kumakawa M, Shirakawa T, Uchiyama M, Akama R, Ozawa M, Kawanishi M, Shimazaki Y, Sekiguchi H. Nationwide Monitoring of Antimicrobial-Resistant Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. Isolated From Diseased and Healthy Dogs and Cats in Japan. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:916461. [PMID: 35812855 PMCID: PMC9263843 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.916461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The Japanese Veterinary Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (JVARM) was established for nationwide monitoring of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria isolated from animals. Here, antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. isolates from diseased and healthy dogs and cats was investigated. Isolates were collected from diseased dogs and cats and from healthy dogs and cats in 2018 to 2020. Minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined for 1873 E. coli and 1383 Enterococcus spp. isolates. E. coli isolates were most commonly resistant to nalidixic acid [diseased dog (DD), 62.1%; diseased cat (DC), 59.9%; healthy dog (HD), 23.5%; healthy cat (HC, 24.0%] and ampicillin (DD, 54.4%; DC, 64.1%; HD, 28.4%; HC, 25.2%), followed by ciprofloxacin (DD, 45.0%; DC, 44.0%; HD, 12.9%; HC, 10.4%). Enterococcus spp. isolates were most resistant to tetracycline (DD, 66.9%; DC, 67.8%; HD, 47.0%; HC, 52.0%), followed by erythromycin (DD, 43.2%; DC, 46.6%; HD, 27.8%; HC, 34.0%) and ciprofloxacin (DD, 27.9%; DC, 43.7%; HD, 9.7%; HC 12.9%). Only a few E. coli isolates were resistant to colistin and none were resistant to meropenem. Also, none of the Enterococcus spp. isolates we have tested were resistant to vancomycin. The significantly higher resistance rates of E. coli and Enterococcus spp. isolates from diseased, as opposed to healthy, dogs and cats against most of the tested antimicrobials indicates that the use of antimicrobials could select resistant E. coli and Enterococcus spp.
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Sakata N, Mishina R, Ogawa M, Ishihara K, Koda Y, Ozawa M, Shimokawa K. Handlebody decompositions of three-manifolds and polycontinuous patterns. Proc Math Phys Eng Sci 2022; 478:20220073. [PMID: 35510221 PMCID: PMC9053369 DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2022.0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We introduce the concept of a handlebody decomposition of a three-manifold, a generalization of a Heegaard splitting, or a trisection. We show that two handlebody decompositions of a closed orientable three-manifold are stably equivalent. As an application to materials science, we consider a mathematical model of polycontinuous patterns and discuss a topological study of microphase separation of a block copolymer melt.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Sakata
- Department of Mathematics, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - R Mishina
- Department of Mathematics, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - M Ogawa
- Department of Mathematics, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - K Ishihara
- Faculty of Education, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8511, Japan
| | - Y Koda
- Department of Mathematics, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8511, Japan
| | - M Ozawa
- Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Komazawa University, Tokyo 154-8525, Japan
| | - K Shimokawa
- Department of Mathematics, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan.,Department of Mathematics, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan
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Ozawa M, Kawanishi M, Uchiyama M, Mitsuya D, Abo H, Koike R, Kijima M. Correlation of minimum inhibitory concentrations between human and animal antimicrobials against Escherichia coli isolated from livestock. J Vet Diagn Invest 2021; 33:744-748. [PMID: 34159856 PMCID: PMC8229827 DOI: 10.1177/10406387211019718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We analyzed the correlation between minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of antimicrobials used in humans and those used in animals to enable comparison of antimicrobial susceptibility between Escherichia coli isolated from humans and those from animals. We compared the following pairs of MIC data: piperacillin (PIPC) to ampicillin (ABPC), amikacin (AMK) to kanamycin (KM), minocycline (MINO) to oxytetracycline (OTC), and levofloxacin (LVFX) to enrofloxacin (ERFX) using 103 isolates of E. coli from healthy livestock (cattle, pigs, broiler chickens, and layer chickens). Kappa analysis of the agreement for resistance and susceptibility between PIPC and ABPC, AMK and KM, MINO and OTC, and LVFX and ERFX showed almost perfect (κ = 0.81), slight (κ = 0.12), fair (κ = 0.37), and moderate (κ = 0.46) agreement, respectively. Within the antimicrobial pairs, all isolates resistant to the human antimicrobial were also resistant to the veterinary antimicrobial. However, there was less agreement within the pairs for those isolates that were sensitive to the human antimicrobial. The percentage agreement for susceptibility, defined as the percentage of isolates sensitive to both antimicrobials compared with isolates sensitive to both antimicrobials, as well as those sensitive only to the human antimicrobial, was 89.9%, 87.3%, 64.0%, and 89.9% for PIPC and ABPC, AMK and KM, MINO and OTC, and LVFX and ERFX, respectively. Our results suggest that the possibility of missing the resistance for antimicrobials used in human medicine by examining MICs for the equivalent antimicrobials used in veterinary medicine is low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manao Ozawa
- National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of
Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries, Tokura, Kokubunji, Japan
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10
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Kijima M, Shirakawa T, Uchiyama M, Kawanishi M, Ozawa M, Koike R. Trends in the serovar and antimicrobial resistance in clinical isolates of Salmonella enterica from cattle and pigs between 2002 and 2016 in Japan. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 127:1869-1875. [PMID: 31461201 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Given the significance of Salmonella enterica in both human and animal health, and a recent global dissemination of Salmonella 4,[5],12:i:-, changes in the prevalent serovars and antimicrobial resistance in clinical isolates of Salmonella from cattle and pigs were investigated in Japan. METHODS AND RESULTS The serovars and antimicrobial susceptibilities of 1605 Salmonella enterica isolated from cattle (n = 894) and swine (n = 711) between 2002 and 2016 were examined. The most common serovar among all samples was Salmonella Typhimurium. However, its monophasic variant with antigenic structure S. 4,[5],12:i:-, which was first detected in cattle in 2006 and swine in 2010, has been rapidly increasing in incidence and resistance. Resistance rates to cefotaxime and ciprofloxacin were generally low (<10% in the cattle isolates and <5% in the swine isolates); however, isolates resistant to more than five antimicrobials, which often include these antimicrobials, were recently detected in Salmonella Dublin, S. 4,[5],12:i:-, S. Typhimurium, Salmonella Newport, Salmonella Choleraesuis and Salmonella 6,7:c:-. Among them, two S. 4,[5],12:i:- isolates possessed extended-spectrum β-lactamase-encoding genes; blaSHV-12 or blaCTX-M-55 , respectively, while all the five S. Typhimurium isolates possessed AmpC-type β-lactamase gene of blaCMY-2 . CONCLUSIONS S. 4,[5],12:i:- has been rapidly increasing and exhibiting a remarkable change in antimicrobial resistance in Japan. Considering certain serovars are characterized by multidrug resistance including medically important antimicrobials, continuous monitoring and appropriate measures are required to protect public health and veterinary husbandry. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study presents a trend in the serovars and antimicrobial resistance in clinical isolates of Salmonella from cattle and pigs in Japan, and showed that there were certain types of Salmonella serovars depending on the animal origin which needs more attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kijima
- National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, 1-15-1, Tokura, Kokubunji, 185-8511, Japan
| | - T Shirakawa
- National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, 1-15-1, Tokura, Kokubunji, 185-8511, Japan
| | - M Uchiyama
- National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, 1-15-1, Tokura, Kokubunji, 185-8511, Japan
| | - M Kawanishi
- National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, 1-15-1, Tokura, Kokubunji, 185-8511, Japan
| | - M Ozawa
- National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, 1-15-1, Tokura, Kokubunji, 185-8511, Japan
| | - R Koike
- National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, 1-15-1, Tokura, Kokubunji, 185-8511, Japan
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11
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Nishida K, Sakaguchi H, Kamei M, Cecilia-Gonzalez C, Terasawa Y, Velez-Montoya R, Fujikado T, Sanchez-Fontan R, Ozawa M, Quiroz-Mercado H, Nishida K. Comparison between the threshold of new and conventional electrodes of Artificial Vision by Direct Optic Nerve Electrical stimulation (AV-DONE). Brain Stimul 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2018.12.529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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12
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Nishida K, Hashizume K, Nasu Y, Ozawa M, Fujiwara K, Inoue H, Ozaki T. Mid-term results of alumina ceramic unlinked total elbow arthroplasty with cement fixation for patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Bone Joint J 2018; 100-B:1066-1073. [PMID: 30062938 PMCID: PMC6413761 DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.100b8.bjj-2017-1451.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Aims The aim of this study was to report the mid-term clinical outcome of cemented unlinked J-alumina
ceramic elbow (JACE) arthroplasties when used in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Patients and Methods We retrospectively reviewed 87 elbows, in 75 patients with RA, which was replaced using a
cemented JACE total elbow arthroplasty (TEA) between August 2003 and December 2012, with a follow-up
of 96%. There were 72 women and three men, with a mean age of 62 years (35 to 79). The mean
follow-up was nine years (2 to 14). The clinical condition of each elbow before and after surgery
was assessed using the Mayo Elbow Performance Index (MEPI, 0 to 100 points). Radiographic loosening
was defined as a progressive radiolucent line of >1 mm that was completely circumferential
around the prosthesis. Results The mean MEPI scores significantly improved from 40 (10 to 75) points preoperatively to 95 (30 to
100) points at final follow-up (p < 0.0001). Complications were noted in ten elbows
(ten patients; 11%). Two had an intraoperative humeral fracture which was treated by fixation and
united. One had a postoperative fracture of the olecranon which united with conservative treatment
and one had a radial neuropathy which resolved. Further surgery was required for one with a
dislocation, three with an ulnar neuropathy and one with a postoperative humeral fracture. Revision
with removal of the components was performed in one elbow due to deep infection. There was no
radiographic evidence of loosening around the components.With any revision surgery or revision with
implant removal as the endpoint, the rates of survival up to 14 years were 93% (95% confidence
interval (CI), 83.9 to 96.6) and 99% (95% CI 91.9 to 99.8), respectively, as determined by
Kaplan-Meier analysis. Conclusion With the appropriate indications, the mid-term clinical performance of the cemented JACE TEA is
reliable and comparable to other established TEAs in the management of the elbow in patients with
RA. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:1066–73.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Nishida
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - K Hashizume
- Department of Rehabilitation, Japan Labour Health and Welfare Organization, Okayama Rosai Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Y Nasu
- Department of Medical Materials for Musculoskeletal Reconstruction, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - M Ozawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama City Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - K Fujiwara
- Department of Intelligent Orthopaedic System Development, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - H Inoue
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - T Ozaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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13
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Okuya K, Matsuu A, Kawabata T, Koike F, Ito M, Furuya T, Taneno A, Akimoto S, Deguchi E, Ozawa M. Distribution of gene segments of the pandemic A(H1N1) 2009 virus lineage in pig populations. Transbound Emerg Dis 2018; 65:1502-1513. [PMID: 29732720 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Swine influenza viruses (SIVs) are important not only for pig farming, but also for public health. In fact, pandemic A(H1N1) 2009 viruses [A(H1N1)pdm09] were derived from SIVs. Therefore, timely characterization of locally circulating SIVs is necessary for understanding the global status of SIVs. To genetically characterize SIVs circulating in Japanese pig populations, we isolated 24 SIVs of three subtypes (17 H1N1, four H1N2 and three H3N2 strains) from 14 pig farms in Japan from 2013 to 2016. Genetic analyses revealed that the haemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes of the 17 H1N1 and the HA gene of one H1N2, A/swine/Aichi/02/2016 (H1N2), SIVs belonged to the A(H1N1)pdm09 lineage. More importantly, all of the remaining six gene segments (i.e., PB1, PB1, PA, NP, M and NS) of the 24 SIVs, regardless of the HA and NA subtype, were also classified as belonging to the A(H1N1)pdm09 lineage. These results indicate that gene segments of A(H1N1)pdm09 lineage are widely distributed in SIVs circulating in Japanese pig populations In addition, the NA gene of A/swine/Aichi/02/2016 (H1N2) shared less than 88.5% nucleotide identity with that of the closest relative A/swine/Miyagi/5/2003 (H1N2), which was isolated in Japan in 2003. These results indicate the sustained circulation of classical H1N2-derived SIVs with remarkable diversity in the NA genes in Japanese pig populations. These findings highlight the necessity of both intensive biosecurity systems and active SIV surveillance in pig populations worldwide for both animal and public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Okuya
- Laboratory of Animal Hygiene, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - A Matsuu
- Transboundary Animal Diseases Research Center, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.,United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - T Kawabata
- Transboundary Animal Diseases Research Center, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - F Koike
- Swine Management Consultation K.K., Atsugi, Japan
| | - M Ito
- Central Livestock Hygiene Service Center of Aichi Prefecture, Okazaki, Japan
| | - T Furuya
- Kyodoken Institute for Animal Science Research & Development, Kyoto, Japan
| | - A Taneno
- Vaxxinova Japan K.K., Minato-ku, Japan
| | - S Akimoto
- Matsuoka Research Institute for Science, Koganei, Japan
| | - E Deguchi
- Laboratory of Farm Animal Production Medicine, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - M Ozawa
- Laboratory of Animal Hygiene, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.,Transboundary Animal Diseases Research Center, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.,United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
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14
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Hiki M, Shimizu Y, Kawanishi M, Ozawa M, Abo H, Kojima A, Koike R, Suzuki S, Asai T, Hamamoto S. Evaluation of the relationship between the minimum inhibitory concentration of ceftiofur and third-generation cephalosporins in Escherichia coli isolates from food-producing animals. J Vet Diagn Invest 2017; 29:716-720. [PMID: 28613139 DOI: 10.1177/1040638717713794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To enable future comparison of the antimicrobial susceptibility data between bacteria obtained from animals and humans, it is necessary to compare the relationships between minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of veterinary and human medicine. We evaluated the relationship between the MIC of ceftiofur (CTF) and the MICs of other third-generation cephalosporins (TGCs): cefotaxime (CTX), cefpodoxime (CPDX), and ceftazidime (CAZ), determined by the broth microdilution method using 118 cefazolin-resistant Escherichia coli isolates from food-producing animals. Using the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute criteria, very major classification errors were observed only in CAZ (17.8%, 21 of 118); major and minor errors were observed in all TGCs (CTX: 0.8% [1 of 118] and 9.3% [11 of 118]; CPDX: 9.3% [11 of 118] and 6.8% [8 of 118]; CAZ: 2.5% [3 of 118] and 9.3% [11 of 118], respectively). The Spearman correlation coefficients between the MICs of CTF and CTX, CPDX, and CAZ were 0.765, 0.731, and 0.306, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity values were 100.0% and 81.8% for CTX, 99.0% and 27.3% for CPDX, and 76.0% and 86.4% for CAZ compared with CTF. The C-statistic was 0.978 for CTF and CTX, 0.953 for CPDX, and 0.798 for CAZ. For the TGCs evaluated in our study, testing for CTX susceptibility results showed the highest correlation with the results given when testing for CTF susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mototaka Hiki
- National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Tokyo, Japan (Hiki, Shimizu, Kawanishi, Ozawa, Kojima, Koike, Hamamoto)
- Department of Research and Development, Tempstaff Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan (Abo)
- Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan (Suzuki)
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan (Asai)
| | - Yasuhito Shimizu
- National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Tokyo, Japan (Hiki, Shimizu, Kawanishi, Ozawa, Kojima, Koike, Hamamoto)
- Department of Research and Development, Tempstaff Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan (Abo)
- Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan (Suzuki)
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan (Asai)
| | - Michiko Kawanishi
- National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Tokyo, Japan (Hiki, Shimizu, Kawanishi, Ozawa, Kojima, Koike, Hamamoto)
- Department of Research and Development, Tempstaff Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan (Abo)
- Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan (Suzuki)
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan (Asai)
| | - Manao Ozawa
- National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Tokyo, Japan (Hiki, Shimizu, Kawanishi, Ozawa, Kojima, Koike, Hamamoto)
- Department of Research and Development, Tempstaff Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan (Abo)
- Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan (Suzuki)
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan (Asai)
| | - Hitoshi Abo
- National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Tokyo, Japan (Hiki, Shimizu, Kawanishi, Ozawa, Kojima, Koike, Hamamoto)
- Department of Research and Development, Tempstaff Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan (Abo)
- Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan (Suzuki)
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan (Asai)
| | - Akemi Kojima
- National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Tokyo, Japan (Hiki, Shimizu, Kawanishi, Ozawa, Kojima, Koike, Hamamoto)
- Department of Research and Development, Tempstaff Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan (Abo)
- Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan (Suzuki)
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan (Asai)
| | - Ryoji Koike
- National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Tokyo, Japan (Hiki, Shimizu, Kawanishi, Ozawa, Kojima, Koike, Hamamoto)
- Department of Research and Development, Tempstaff Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan (Abo)
- Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan (Suzuki)
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan (Asai)
| | - Satowa Suzuki
- National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Tokyo, Japan (Hiki, Shimizu, Kawanishi, Ozawa, Kojima, Koike, Hamamoto)
- Department of Research and Development, Tempstaff Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan (Abo)
- Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan (Suzuki)
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan (Asai)
| | - Tetsuo Asai
- National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Tokyo, Japan (Hiki, Shimizu, Kawanishi, Ozawa, Kojima, Koike, Hamamoto)
- Department of Research and Development, Tempstaff Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan (Abo)
- Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan (Suzuki)
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan (Asai)
| | - Shuichi Hamamoto
- National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Tokyo, Japan (Hiki, Shimizu, Kawanishi, Ozawa, Kojima, Koike, Hamamoto)
- Department of Research and Development, Tempstaff Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan (Abo)
- Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan (Suzuki)
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan (Asai)
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Ozawa M, Tanaka F, Segawa T, Takahashi T, Matsuura Y, Sakai T, Nishiyama O, Onoda T, Nakamura M. P6255Temporal trends of incidence and clinical features of acute myocardial infarction in a Japanese rural area from 2006 to 2014. Eur Heart J 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx493.p6255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. Ozawa
- Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
| | - F. Tanaka
- Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
| | - T. Segawa
- Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
| | | | | | - T. Sakai
- Iwate Prefecture Ninohe Hospital, Cardiology, Ninohe, Japan
| | - O. Nishiyama
- Iwate Prefecture Ninohe Hospital, Cardiology, Ninohe, Japan
| | - T. Onoda
- Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
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Murata F, Tsuyama S, Suzuki S, Hamada H, Ozawa M, Muramatsu T. Distribution of Glycoconjugates in the Kidney Studied by Use of Labeled Lectins. J Histochem Cytochem 2016; 31:139-144. [DOI: 10.1177/31.1a_suppl.6186720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Distribution of glycoconjugates in different areas of the rat kidney was studied by light and electron microscopy using six different horseradish peroxidase-labeled lectins. Glomeruli and brush borders of the proximal tubules reacted differently to these lectins, which indicated differences in the carbohydrate compositions of those regions. The ascending limb of Henle's loop (ALH) had strong binding sites for peanut agglutinin (PNA) and soybean agglutinin (SBA). Dolichos biflorus agglutinin (DBA) did not stain the cells of ALH but did stain those of distal convoluted tubules (DCT). DBA is a good marker for distinguishing ALH from DCT. DBA, PNA, and SBA were also good markers of the collecting duct. Ricinus communis agglutinin (RCA-1) and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) diffusely stained the various components of different parts of the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Murata
- Departments of Anatomy and Biochemistry, Kagoshima University School of Medicine, Kagoshima 890, Japan (OA 82-268S1)
| | - S. Tsuyama
- Departments of Anatomy and Biochemistry, Kagoshima University School of Medicine, Kagoshima 890, Japan (OA 82-268S1)
| | - S. Suzuki
- Departments of Anatomy and Biochemistry, Kagoshima University School of Medicine, Kagoshima 890, Japan (OA 82-268S1)
| | - H. Hamada
- Departments of Anatomy and Biochemistry, Kagoshima University School of Medicine, Kagoshima 890, Japan (OA 82-268S1)
| | - M. Ozawa
- Departments of Anatomy and Biochemistry, Kagoshima University School of Medicine, Kagoshima 890, Japan (OA 82-268S1)
| | - T. Muramatsu
- Departments of Anatomy and Biochemistry, Kagoshima University School of Medicine, Kagoshima 890, Japan (OA 82-268S1)
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17
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Tsujimura K, Yamamoto A, Miyazawa M, Harada T, Bannai H, Nemoto M, Yamanaka T, Ozawa M, Kato K, Kondo T. Application of ORF68-based grouping to an epidemiological survey of epidemic abortions caused by equine herpesvirus type 1. J Equine Vet Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2016.02.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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18
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Kotaki T, Nishimura N, Ozawa M, Fujimori A, Muraoka H, Ogawa S, Korenaga T, Suzuki E, Oishi Y, Shibasaki Y. Synthesis of highly refractive and highly fluorescent rigid cyanuryl polyimines with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pendants. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py01920f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of rigid cyanuryl polyimines, polyguanamines (PGs) bearing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pendants were successfully synthesized from 2-substituted 4,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine and aromatic diamine monomers.
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Ozawa M, Hiki M, Kawanishi M, Abo H, Kojima A, Asai T, Hamamoto S. Molecular Typing of Fluoroquinolone-ResistantCampylobacter jejuniIsolated from Broilers in Japan Using Multilocus Sequence Typing and Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2016; 13:1-7. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2015.1975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Manao Ozawa
- National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mototaka Hiki
- National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michiko Kawanishi
- National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Abo
- Department of Research and Development, Tempstaff Co., Ltd., Tachikawa Branch Office, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akemi Kojima
- National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Asai
- Department of Applied Veterinary Science, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Shuichi Hamamoto
- National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries, Tokyo, Japan
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Makita K, Goto M, Ozawa M, Kawanishi M, Koike R, Asai T, Tamura Y. Multivariable Analysis of the Association Between Antimicrobial Use and Antimicrobial Resistance inEscherichia coliIsolated from Apparently Healthy Pigs in Japan. Microb Drug Resist 2016; 22:28-39. [DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2014.0311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Makita
- Veterinary Epidemiology, Division of Health and Environmental Sciences, Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan
| | - Masaki Goto
- Veterinary Epidemiology, Division of Health and Environmental Sciences, Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan
| | - Manao Ozawa
- National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Kokubunji-shi, Japan
| | | | - Ryoji Koike
- National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Kokubunji-shi, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Asai
- National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Kokubunji-shi, Japan
- Department of Applied Veterinary Science, The United Graduated School of Veterinary Science, Gifu University, Yanagido, Japan
| | - Yutaka Tamura
- Food Hygiene, Division of Health and Environmental Sciences, Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan
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Ozawa M, Shipley M, Kivimaki M, Singh-Manoux A, Brunner E, on behalf of Whitehall II Study. OR034: Dietary Pattern, Inflammation and Cognitive Decline: The Whitehall II Prospective Cohort Study. Clin Nutr 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0261-5614(15)30134-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Ozawa M, Matsuu A, Tokorozaki K, Horie M, Masatani T, Nakagawa H, Okuya K, Kawabata T, Toda S. Genetic diversity of highly pathogenic H5N8 avian influenza viruses at a single overwintering site of migratory birds in Japan, 2014/15. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 20. [PMID: 26027484 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es2015.20.20.21132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We isolated eight highly pathogenic H5N8 avian influenza viruses (H5N8 HPAIVs) in the 2014/15 winter season at an overwintering site of migratory birds in Japan. Genetic analyses revealed that these isolates were divided into three groups, indicating the co-circulation of three genetic groups of H5N8 HPAIV among these migratory birds. These results also imply the possibility of global redistribution of the H5N8 HPAIVs via the migration of these birds next winter.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ozawa
- Laboratory of Animal Hygiene, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, Japan
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Nakahara R, Nishida K, Hashizume K, Nasu Y, Ozawa M, Harada R, Machida T, Ozaki T. AB1097 Development of Statistical Analysis and Computer Tablet Based Clinical Score Input System on the Electronic Medical Record for Rheumatoid Arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.3429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Machida T, Nishida K, Hashizume K, Nakahara R, Ozawa M, Harada R, Ozaki T. SAT0572 The Effect of Interleukin-4 on Mechanical Stress-Induced Protease Expressions by Human Chondrocytes. Ann Rheum Dis 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.4837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Kadota Y, Nishida K, Hashizume K, Nakahara R, Kanazawa T, Ozawa M, Nasu Y, Harada R, Machida T, Ozaki T. FRI0284 Preoperative Use of Biologic Agents is not an Independent Risk Factor for SSI and Delayed Wound Healing in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: Table 1. Ann Rheum Dis 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.5243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Asai T, Hiki M, Ozawa M, Koike R, Eguchi K, Kawanishi M, Kojima A, Endoh YS, Hamamoto S, Sakai M, Sekiya T. Control of the development and prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria of food animal origin in Japan: a new approach for risk management of antimicrobial veterinary medicinal products in Japan. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2014; 11:171-6. [PMID: 24387636 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2013.1649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial agents are essential for controlling bacterial disease in food-producing animals and contribute to the stable production of safe animal products. The use of antimicrobial agents in these animals affects the emergence and prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria isolated from animals and animal products. As disease-causing bacteria are often transferred from food-producing animals to humans, the food chain is considered a route of transmission for the resistant bacteria and/or resistance genes. The Food Safety Commission of Japan (FSC) has been assessing the risk posed to human health by the transmission of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria from livestock products via the food chain. In addition to the FSC's risk assessments, the Japanese Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries has developed risk-management guidelines to determine feasible risk-management options for the use of antimicrobial veterinary medicinal products during farming practices. This report includes information on risk assessment and novel approaches for risk management of antimicrobial veterinary medicinal products for mitigating the risk of development and prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria originating from food-producing animals in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Asai
- 1 National Veterinary Assay Laboratory , Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Tokyo, Japan
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Hata A, Doi Y, Ninomiya T, Mukai N, Hirakawa Y, Hata J, Ozawa M, Uchida K, Shirota T, Kitazono T, Kiyohara Y. Magnesium intake decreases Type 2 diabetes risk through the improvement of insulin resistance and inflammation: the Hisayama Study. Diabet Med 2013; 30:1487-94. [PMID: 23758216 DOI: 10.1111/dme.12250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Revised: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Early studies have shown that magnesium intake decreases the risk of Type 2 diabetes, but the results are still inconsistent. We prospectively examined the association between magnesium intake and incidence of Type 2 diabetes in a general Japanese population. METHODS A total of 1999 subjects without diabetes aged 40-79 years who underwent a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test were followed up prospectively for a mean of 15.6 years. RESULTS During the follow-up, 417 subjects developed Type 2 diabetes. The age- and sex-adjusted incidence of Type 2 diabetes significantly decreased with increasing magnesium intake quartile levels (≤ 148.5, 148.6-171.5, 171.6-195.5 and ≥ 195.6 mg/day, P for trend = 0.01). In multivariate analyses, after adjusting for comprehensive risk factors and other dietary factors, the hazard ratio of Type 2 diabetes was 0.67 (95% CI 0.49-0.92; P = 0.01) in the third quartile and 0.63 (95% CI 0.44-0.90; P = 0.01) in the highest quartile compared with the first quartile. In addition, the risk of Type 2 diabetes was 14% lower (P = 0.04) for a 1-sd increment of log-transformed magnesium intake in the multivariate-adjusted model. In stratified analysis, there were statistically significant interactions between magnesium intake and levels of homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein or alcohol intake on the risk of Type 2 diabetes (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that increased magnesium intake was a significant protective factor for the incidence of Type 2 diabetes in the general Japanese population, especially among subjects with insulin resistance, low-grade inflammation and a drinking habit.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hata
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Sciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan; The Clinical Research Center for Diabetes, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
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Iida J, Hirata M, Hasegawa D, Sekitomi A, Toriyama Y, Irie W, Nishino R, Ozawa M, Manabe A, Hosoya R. Nursing care for children with Down Syndrome (DS) and leukemia. Eur J Oncol Nurs 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejon.2013.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Hiki M, Usui M, Kojima A, Ozawa M, Ishii Y, Asai T. Diversity of plasmid replicons encoding the bla(CMY-2) gene in broad-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli from livestock animals in Japan. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2013; 10:243-9. [PMID: 23489047 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2012.1306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Broad-spectrum cephalosporin (BSC) resistance has increased in Escherichia coli isolates from broiler chickens in Japan since 2004. The purpose of this study was to understand the epidemiology of BSC-resistant E. coli in livestock animals. Among 3274 E. coli isolates from 1767 feces of apparently healthy animals on 1767 farms between 2004 and 2009, 118 ceftiofur (CTF)-resistant isolates (CTF MIC ≥4 μg/mL) were identified on 74 farms. After elimination of apparently clonal isolates from a single animal, 75 selected CTF-resistant isolates (62 isolates from 61 broiler chickens, 10 isolates from 10 layer chickens, two isolates from two cows, and one isolate from a pig) were characterized. The bla(CMY-2) gene was most frequently detected in 50 isolates, followed by bla(CTX-M) (CTX-M-2: six isolates; CTX-M-14: four isolates; CTX-M-25: two isolates; CTX-M-1: one isolate) and bla(SHV) (SHV-12: seven isolates; SHV-2, SHV-2a, SHV-5: one isolate each). In particular, 42 of 62 broiler chicken isolates harbored bla(CMY-2). Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analyses using XbaI revealed divergent profiles among the BSC-resistant isolates. The incompatibility groups of bla(CMY-2) plasmids from 34 of the 42 broiler chicken isolates belonged to IncIγ (10 isolates), IncA/C (nine isolates), IncB/O (seven isolates) and IncI1 (six isolates), or were nontypeable (two isolates). Co-transmission of resistance to non-β-lactam antibiotics was observed in transconjugants with IncA/C plasmids, but not with IncI1, IncIγ, and IncB/O plasmids except for one isolate with IncB/O. Our findings suggest that the bla(CMY-2) gene is a key player in BSC-resistant E. coli isolates and that coselection is unlikely to be associated with the abundance of bla(CMY-2) plasmids, except for IncA/C plasmids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mototaka Hiki
- National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries, Tokyo, Japan
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Kawanishi M, Ozawa M, Hiki M, Abo H, Kojima A, Asai T. Detection of aac(6')-Ib-cr in avian pathogenic Escherichia coli isolates in Japan. J Vet Med Sci 2013; 75:1539-42. [PMID: 23856759 PMCID: PMC3942989 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.13-0185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the prevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes in
avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) strains in Japan. A total of 117
APEC strains collected between 2004 and 2007 were examined for PMQR genes (qnrA,
qnrB, qnrC, qnrD, qnrS,
aac(6’)-Ib-cr,
qepA and oqxAB) by polymerase chain reaction. None of
the APEC strains carried qnrA, qnrB,
qnrC, qnrD, qnrS, qepA or
oqxAB, but one of the isolates was identified as an AAC (6’)-Ib-cr producer.
Phylogenetic grouping, multi-locus sequence typing and serotyping showed that this isolate
belonged to phylogenetic group A, sequence type 167 and untypable serogroup. To our
knowledge, this is the first report of the aac (6’)-Ib-cr gene in
bacteria from food-producing animals in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiko Kawanishi
- National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, 1-15-1 Tokura, Kokubunji, Tokyo 185-8511, Japan
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Ozawa M, Nishida K, Hashizume K, Nakahara R, Saito T, Kanazawa T, Harada R, Machida T, Ozaki T. AB0072 Hyaluronan inhibition of mechanical stress-induced protease expressions by human chondrocytes. Ann Rheum Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-eular.2395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Hashizume K, Nishida K, Nasu Y, Nakahara R, Saito T, Kanazawa T, Ozawa M, Harada R, Machida T, Ozaki T. FRI0153 Recreational and athletic activity after total elbow arthroplasty. Ann Rheum Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-eular.1280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Harada R, Nishida K, Hashizume K, Nakahara R, Saito T, Kanazawa T, Ozawa M, Machida T, Ozaki T. AB0786 Clinical results of swanson and avanta silastic implant arthroplasty of the metacarpophalangeal for the rheumatoid hand. Ann Rheum Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-eular.3108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Nakahara R, Nishida K, Hashizume K, Nasu Y, Saito T, Kanazawa T, Ozawa M, Harada R, Machida T, Toshifumi O. SAT0518 MRI of Rheumatoid Arthritis: Comparing the Omeract Scoring and Volume of Synovitis for the Assessment of Therapy. Ann Rheum Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-eular.2242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Nishi R, Moriyama Y, Yoshida K, Kajimura N, Mogaki H, Ozawa M, Isakozawa S. An autofocus method using quasi-Gaussian fitting of image sharpness in ultra-high-voltage electron microscopy. Microscopy (Oxf) 2013; 62:515-9. [DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dft030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Ozawa M, Asai T. Relationships between mutant prevention concentrations and mutation frequencies against enrofloxacin for avian pathogenic Escherichia coli isolates. J Vet Med Sci 2013; 75:709-13. [PMID: 23328636 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.12-0131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical efficacies of mutant prevention concentration (MPC) and mutant selection window (MSW) hypotheses have been evaluated for human clinical isolates. We tested the MSW hypothesis by evaluating the relationships between MPCs and mutation frequencies against enrofloxacin for avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) isolates. Mutation frequencies of strains with MPC:MIC ratios of 8 to 16 were significantly higher than those of strains with an MPC:MIC ratio of 4. Mutation frequencies and MPCs of serogroup O2 strains were lower than those of the other strains; these results may correlate with the absence of fluoroquinolone-resistant O2 strains. Our results support the MSW hypothesis that the range of the MSW is involved in selection of resistant mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manao Ozawa
- National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, 1-15-1 Tokura, Kokubunji, Tokyo 185-8511, Japan.
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Fujikado T, Kamei M, Sakaguchi H, Kanda H, Morimoto T, Nishida K, Kishima H, Maruo T, Oosawa K, Ozawa M, Nishida K. Feasibility of 2nd generation STS retinal prosthesis in dogs. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2013; 2013:3119-3121. [PMID: 24110388 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2013.6610201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We developed a 2(nd) generation suprachoroidal transretinal stimulation (STS) system with a 49 channel electrode array and implanted in 2 dogs. One month after surgery, all electrodes were functioning and the ocular fundus was normal in both dogs. The results indicate the 2(nd) generation STS retinal prosthesis is feasible and can be considered for clinical use.
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Saito T, Nishida K, Furumatsu T, Yoshida A, Ozawa M, Ozaki T. Histone deacetylase inhibitors suppress mechanical stress-induced expression of RUNX-2 and ADAMTS-5 through the inhibition of the MAPK signaling pathway in cultured human chondrocytes. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2013; 21:165-74. [PMID: 23017871 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2012.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Revised: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the inhibitory effects and the regulatory mechanisms of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors on mechanical stress-induced gene expression of runt-related transcription factor (RUNX)-2 and adisintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motif (ADAMTS)-5 in human chondrocytes. METHODS Human chondrocytes were seeded in stretch chambers at a concentration of 5 × 10(4)cells/chamber. Cells were pre-incubated with or without HDAC inhibitors (MS-275 or trichostatin A; TSA) for 12h, followed by uniaxial cyclic tensile strain (CTS) (0.5Hz, 10% elongation), which was applied for 30 min using the ST-140-10 system (STREX, Osaka, Japan). Total RNA was extracted and the expression of RUNX-2, ADAMTS-5, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3, and MMP-13 at the mRNA and protein levels were examined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunocytochemistry, respectively. The activation of diverse mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways with or without HDAC inhibitors during CTS was examined by western blotting. RESULTS HDAC inhibitors (TSA: 10 nM, MS-275: 100 nM) suppressed CTS-induced expression of RUNX-2, ADAMTS-5, and MMP-3 at both the mRNA and protein levels within 1h. CTS-induced activation of p38 MAPK (p38), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) MAPKs was downregulated by both HDAC inhibitors. CONCLUSION The CTS-induced expression of RUNX-2 and ADAMTS-5 was suppressed by HDAC inhibitors via the inhibition of the MAPK pathway activation in human chondrocytes. The results of the current study suggested a novel therapeutic role for HDAC inhibitors against degenerative joint disease such as osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Saito
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Density and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama City, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
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Kameda T, Fujita M, Isaka A, Ozawa M. Utility of a transabdominal ultrasound-guided method with digital rectal examination for difficult urethral catheterization. Crit Ultrasound J 2012. [PMCID: PMC3524483 DOI: 10.1186/2036-7902-4-s1-a9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Ozawa M, Sakatani M, Hankowski K, Terada N, Dobbs K, Hansen P. Importance of culture conditions during the morula-to-blastocyst period on capacity of inner cell-mass cells of bovine blastocysts for establishment of self-renewing pluripotent cells. Theriogenology 2012; 78:1243-51.e1-2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2012.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2011] [Revised: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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41
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Usui M, Hiki M, Murakami K, Ozawa M, Nagai H, Asai T. Evaluation of Transferability of R-Plasmid in Bacteriocin-Producing Donors to Bacteriocin-Resistant Recipients. Jpn J Infect Dis 2012; 65:252-5. [DOI: 10.7883/yoken.65.252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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42
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Baba K, Ishihara K, Ozawa M, Usui M, Hiki M, Tamura Y, Asai T. Prevalence and mechanism of antimicrobial resistance in Staphylococcus aureus isolates from diseased cattle, swine and chickens in Japan. J Vet Med Sci 2011; 74:561-5. [PMID: 22156389 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.11-0357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial administration is essential for the control and treatment of diseases in animals, but the emergence and prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is a significant concern during animal production. Here we investigated the antimicrobial susceptibility of S. aureus from diseased food-producing animals and molecularly characterized the methicillin-resistant and fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates. A total of 290 S. aureus isolates obtained from cattle (n=246), swine (n=16), and chickens (n=28) between 2003 and 2009 were examined for antimicrobial susceptibility against 9 antimicrobials using an agar dilution method. Resistance to penicillin (PC) was most frequently found (24.8%), followed by oxytetracycline (OTC, 10.0%), dihydrostreptomycin (4.1%), erythromycin (EM, 3.1%), enrofloxacin (ERFX, 2.1%), and kanamycin (1.7%). The PC resistance rate was significantly higher in swine than in cattle (P<0.01) and chickens (P<0.01). The resistance rates to OTC, EM and ERFX were significantly higher in swine and chickens than in cattle (P<0.05). Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) was recovered from milk derived from a cow with mastitis in 2003; sequence type 8, SCCmec type IV and spa type t024. In the six ERFX-resistant strains isolated after 2003, amino acid substitutions in ParC with/without GyrA were detected. As the prevalence of MRSA and FQ-resistant S. aureus in the animals should be noticed, continuous monitoring is necessary to control resistance to clinically important antimicrobials in S. aureus from food-producing animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Baba
- National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, 1-15-1 Tokura, Kokubunji, Tokyo 185-8511, Japan
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Asai T, Masani K, Sato C, Hiki M, Usui M, Baba K, Ozawa M, Harada K, Aoki H, Sawada T. Phylogenetic groups and cephalosporin resistance genes of Escherichia coli from diseased food-producing animals in Japan. Acta Vet Scand 2011; 53:52. [PMID: 21989155 PMCID: PMC3206820 DOI: 10.1186/1751-0147-53-52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2011] [Accepted: 10/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 318 Escherichia coli isolates obtained from different food-producing animals affected with colibacillosis between 2001 and 2006 were subjected to phylogenetic analysis: 72 bovine isolates, 89 poultry isolates and 157 porcine isolates. Overall, the phylogenetic group A was predominant in isolates from cattle (36/72, 50%) and pigs (101/157, 64.3%) whereas groups A (44/89, 49.4%) and D (40/89, 44.9%) were predominant in isolates from poultry. In addition, group B2 was not found among diseased food-producing animals except for a poultry isolate. Thus, the phylogenetic group distribution of E. coli from diseased animals was different by animal species. Among the 318 isolates, cefazolin resistance (minimum inhibitory concentrations: ≥32 μg/ml) was found in six bovine isolates, 29 poultry isolates and three porcine isolates. Of them, 11 isolates (nine from poultry and two from cattle) produced extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL). The two bovine isolates produced blaCTX-M-2, while the nine poultry isolates produced blaCTX-M-25 (4), blaSHV-2 (3), blaCTX-M-15 (1) and blaCTX-M-2 (1). Thus, our results showed that several types of ESBL were identified and three types of β-lactamase (SHV-2, CTX-M-25 and CTX-M-15) were observed for the first time in E. coli from diseased animals in Japan.
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Thompson IM, Ozawa M, Bubolz JW, Yang Q, Dahl GE. Bovine luteal prolactin receptor expression: Potential involvement in regulation of progesterone during the estrous cycle and pregnancy1. J Anim Sci 2011; 89:1338-46. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2010-3559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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45
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Bonilla AQS, Ozawa M, Hansen PJ. Timing and dependence upon mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling for pro-developmental actions of insulin-like growth factor 1 on the preimplantation bovine embryo. Growth Horm IGF Res 2011; 21:107-111. [PMID: 21459028 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2011.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2010] [Revised: 02/05/2011] [Accepted: 03/07/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF1) increases the proportion of embryos that develop to the blastocyst stage. The objective of the present study was to determine whether the pro-developmental actions of IGF1 are exerted before or after Day 4 of development (i.e., on events occurring through the period of genomic activation versus events coincident with compaction and blastocoel formation) and whether mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways mediate effects of IGF1. Treatment with IGF1 increased the proportion becoming blastocysts at concentrations of 10, 100 and 200 ng/mL, with 100 ng/mL being more effective than 10 or 200 ng/mL. At Day 8, the percent of oocytes that became blastocysts was 30, 34, 43, and 36%, respectively (SEM=2.6). As compared to controls (30.4%), IGF1 increased the percent of oocytes that were blastocysts at Day 8 when added from Days 4 to 8 (42%) or Days 0 to 8 post-insemination (40%) but there was no significant effect when IGF1 was added from Days 0 to 4 (37%; SEM=2.2). Actions of IGF1 to increase blastocyst development were reduced when embryos were co-treated with the MAPK inhibitor PD98059. The percentage of oocytes becoming a blastocyst at Day 8 was 21 versus 37% for 0 and 100 ng/mL in the absence of inhibitor and 24 versus 29% in the presence of inhibitor (IGF1×inhibitor interaction, P<0.05; pooled SEM=1.3). In conclusion, IGF1 promotes development to the blastocyst stage by regulating MAPK-dependent events at Day 4 or later of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Q S Bonilla
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-0910, USA
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Abstract
We treated 20 patients with cubital tunnel syndrome by anterior transposition of the ulnar nerve with endoscopic assistance. Five elbows were classified preoperatively as McGowan's stage 1, 11 as stage 2 and four as stage 3. Excellent outcomes were obtained in nine and good in eight patients. Three patients had fair results. Improvement of symptoms occurred in all patients. There were no serious complications. All ulnar nerves remained anteriorly transposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Konishiike
- Okayama Red Cross Hospital and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Medical School, Okayama City, Japan.
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Smith JD, Banner NR, Hamour IM, Ozawa M, Goh A, Robinson D, Terasaki PI, Rose ML. De novo donor HLA-specific antibodies after heart transplantation are an independent predictor of poor patient survival. Am J Transplant 2011; 11:312-9. [PMID: 21219570 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2010.03383.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Preformed donor HLA-specific antibodies are a known indicator for poor patient survival after cardiac transplantation. The role of de novo donor-specific antibodies (DSA) formed after cardiac transplantation is less clear. Here we have retrospectively analyzed 243 cardiac transplant recipients, measuring HLA antibody production every year after transplantation up to 13 years post-transplant. Production of de novo DSA was analyzed in patients who had been negative for DSA prior to their transplant. DSA including transient antibodies were associated with poor patient survival (p = 0.0018, HR = 3.198). However, de novo and persistent DSA was strongly associated with poor patient survival (p = 0.0001 HR = 4.351). Although complement fixing persistent DSA correlated with poor patient survival, this was not increased compared to noncomplement fixing persistent DSA. Multivariable analysis indicated de novo persistent DSA to be an independent predictor of poor patient survival along with HLA-DR mismatch and donor age. Only increasing donor age was found to be an independent risk factor for earlier development of CAV. In conclusion, patients who are transplanted in the absence of pre-existing DSA make de novo DSA after transplantation which are associated with poor survival. Early and regular monitoring of post-transplant DSA is required to identify patients at risk of allograft failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Smith
- Transplant Immunology, Harefield Hospital, Imperial College, Harefield, UK
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Bonilla AQS, Oliveira LJ, Ozawa M, Newsom EM, Lucy MC, Hansen PJ. Developmental changes in thermoprotective actions of insulin-like growth factor-1 on the preimplantation bovine embryo. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2011; 332:170-9. [PMID: 20965229 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2010.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2010] [Revised: 10/06/2010] [Accepted: 10/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) is an important endocrine signal for regulation of early embryonic development. It increases the proportion of preimplantation embryos becoming blastocysts, alters blastocyst gene expression, improves resistance of embryos to various stresses and can enhance survival of embryos after transfer to recipients. The present study had two objectives. The first was to determine whether the thermoprotective actions of IGF1 on the preimplantation bovine embryo was developmentally regulated, with the two-cell embryo being refractory to IGF1. The second was to determine the molecular basis for the improved competence of embryos treated with IGF1 to establish pregnancy after transfer to heat-stressed recipients. Treatment of embryos with 100 ng/ml IGF1 reduced the effects of heat shock on embryos ≥16 cells at day 5 after insemination but did not provide thermoprotection to two-cell embryos. Failure of IGF1 to alter embryo survival after heat shock was not associated with reduced expression of genes involved in IGF1 signaling (IGF1R, RAF1, PI3K, and MAPK) or immunoreactive IGF1R protein. Treatment with IGF1 had little effect on the transcriptome at the blastocyst stage of development, with a total of 102 differentially expressed genes identified. Among the differentially expressed genes were several involved in apoptosis, protection against free radicals and development. Changes in gene expression were consistent with IGF1 acting to induce an anti-apoptotic state and inhibit neurulation. In conclusion, thermoprotective actions of IGF1 are developmentally regulated. Failure of IGF1 to protect the two-cell embryo from heat shock could reflect the fact that these embryos are maximally sensitive to damage caused by heat shock or reflect the quiescence of the embryonic genome at this stage of development. Changes in gene expression at the blastocyst stage induced by IGF1 could contribute to the increased survival of IGF1-treated embryos when transferred during periods of heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Q S Bonilla
- Department of Animal Sciences and DH Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-0910, USA
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Ozawa M, Hansen PJ. 141 A NOVEL METHOD FOR PURIFICATION OF INNER CELL MASS AND TROPHECTODERM CELLS FROM BOVINE BLASTOCYSTS USING MAGNETIC ACTIVATED CELL SORTING. Reprod Fertil Dev 2011. [DOI: 10.1071/rdv23n1ab141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The first distinct lineage differentiation in the mammalian embryo occurs at the blastocyst stage when blastomeres are segregated into inner cell mass (ICM) or trophectoderm (TE). Obtaining purified TE or ICM can be useful for understanding regulation of early development and differentiation. Although several methods have been reported to separate TE and ICM (e.g. immunosurgery, mechanical dissection using a micromanipulator, or manual selection following trypsinization), limitations exist with these methods. Here, we describe a simple and effective method to sort cells of the blastocyst using magnetic activated cell sorting (MACS) following disaggregation of the blastocyst into single cells using trypsin. Bovine blastocysts were produced in vitro and the zona pellucida removed with a short exposure to acidic Tyrode’s solution. Zona-free blastocysts were incubated with concanavalin A conjugated to fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) to label the outer layer of the blastocyst. The blastocysts were then exposed to Hoechst 33342 to label nuclei of all blastomeres. The blastocysts were treated with 0.05% (wt/vol) trypsin, and then disaggregated into single blastomeres by repeating pipetting using a finely drawn, flame-polished mouth micropipette. Single blastomeres were incubated with magnetic microbeads conjugated to anti-FITC and subjected to MACS separation. A fraction of sorted cells was observed under a fluorescence microscope. The remainder were subjected to mRNA extraction, and NANOG (ICM marker) and CDX2 (TE marker) mRNA were quantified by quantitative PCR. After disaggregation of the blastocyst, 2 types of single blastomeres were observed: cells that were positive for both FITC and Hoechst 33342 (TE cells) and cells that were negative for FITC but positive for Hoechst 33342 (ICM cells). Before MACS, about two-thirds of the disaggregated blastomeres labelled with Hoechst 33342 were also labelled with FITC, while one-third were FITC negative. After MACS, the percent of dual-labelled cells in the FITC positive fraction was 91.2%, whereas the incidence of dual-labelled cells in the FITC negative fraction was only 7.8 ± 3.0%. A total of 11.5 μg of RNA per blastocyst was recovered from cells isolated by MACS. This represents 80% of the RNA present in intact blastocysts and suggests a high rate of recovery of blastomeres during the purification process. Furthermore, relative expression level of NANOG was lower in the FITC-positive fraction than in the FITC-negative fraction (0.30 ± 0.05 v. 3.1 ± 0.6, respectively, relative to gene expression level in whole blastocysts). Conversely, the relative expression level of CDX2 was higher in the FITC-positive fraction than in the FITC-negative fraction (3.2 ± 0.09 v. 0.30 ± 0.9, respectively). Results indicate that highly purified TE cells or ICM cells can be collected using MACS. This simple method can be used to study differentiation of the mammalian embryo as well as to prepare embryonic cells of specific lineages for cell therapy.
Research was supported by Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Competitive Grant no. 2009-65203-05732 from the USDA NIFA.
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Yang QE, Zhang K, Giassetti MI, Ozawa M, Johnson SE, Ealy AD. 119 FGF2 AND FGF10 STIMULATES BOVINE AND OVINE TROPHOBLAST CELL MIGRATION. Reprod Fertil Dev 2011. [DOI: 10.1071/rdv23n1ab119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Following hatching, bovine and ovine conceptuses undergo a phase of massive development and remodelling that causes elongation and filamentation. Proper trophoblast cell development and interaction with the uterus is critical for the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy. Various growth factors, including several fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), are produced by the uterus, and at least two of these, FGF2 and FGF10, are released into uterus lumen during early pregnancy. Microarray analysis found that gene products associated with migration and invasion were altered in bovine blastocysts exposed to FGF2 or 10. The objective of this work was to determine if FGF2 and FGF10 impact bovine and ovine trophoblast cell migration. The ability of FGF2 and FGF10 to influence migratory ability of trophoblast cells was examined by using an in vitro transwell migration assay. The bovine trophoblast line, CT1, was used in the first study. After serum starvation, CT1 cells were seeded on the top of each transwell membrane (50 000/transwell) in the presence of vehicle, 0.5, 5, or 50 ng mL–1 bovine recombinant FGF2 or human recombinant FGF10. After 12 h, the transwell was fixed and stained with Hoechst 33342 (0.5 μg mL–1). Migrated cells were counted on five non-overlapping areas of each filter using epifluorescence microscopy. Supplementation with 0.5 ng mL–1 FGF2 increased the number of migrated CT1 cells when compared with controls (268.3 ± 58.3 v. 167.3 ± 47.7; P < 0.01). Supplementation with 5 or 50 ng mL–1 FGF2 further increased the number of migrated CT1 cells (297.0 ± 51.4 and 429.4 ± 98.3, respectively; P < 0.001). Adding 0.5 ng mL–1 FGF10 did not affect CT1 migration but providing 5 or 50 ng mL–1 FGF10 increased CT1 migration (399.8 ± 29.7 and 392.7 ± 58.6 v. 194.2 ± 40.3 for controls; P < 0.005). A subsequent study utilised the ovine trophoblast line, oTR1 in the migration assay (30 000 cells/transwell; 8 h migration assay). Adding 0.5 ng mL–1 FGF2 or FGF10 did not affect oTR1 migration number but exposure to holdout 5 or 50 ng mL–1 FGF2 or FGF10 increased oTR1 migrated cell numbers v. controls (P < 0.05). In a subsequent study, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), ERK1/2 and JNK signalling cascades utilised by FGF2 and FGF10 in oTR1 cells were investigated. Western blot analysis indicated that both FGF2 and FGF10 induced ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK phosphorylation status. Interestingly FGF10 activated JNK but not p38 MAPK. Taken together, FGF2 and FGF10 stimulate trophoblast cell migration. This response could be mediated by an ERK1/2- or p38 MAPK-dependent system.
This project was supported by NRICGP number 2008-35203-19106 from the USDA-NIFA.
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