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Maharjan RP, Sullivan GJ, Adams F, Shah B, Hawkey J, Delgado N, Semenec L, Dinh H, Li L, Short F, Parkhill J, Paulsen I, Barquist L, Eijkelkamp B, Cain A. DksA is a conserved master regulator of stress response in Acinetobacter baumannii. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:6101-6119. [PMID: 37158230 PMCID: PMC10325922 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Coordination of bacterial stress response mechanisms is critical for long-term survival in harsh environments for successful host infection. The general and specific stress responses of well-studied Gram-negative pathogens like Escherichia coli are controlled by alternative sigma factors, archetypically RpoS. The deadly hospital pathogen Acinetobacter baumannii is notoriously resistant to environmental stresses, yet it lacks RpoS, and the molecular mechanisms driving this incredible stress tolerance remain poorly defined. Here, using functional genomics, we identified the transcriptional regulator DksA as a master regulator for broad stress protection and virulence in A. baumannii. Transcriptomics, phenomics and in vivo animal studies revealed that DksA controls ribosomal protein expression, metabolism, mutation rates, desiccation, antibiotic resistance, and host colonization in a niche-specific manner. Phylogenetically, DksA was highly conserved and well-distributed across Gammaproteobacteria, with 96.6% containing DksA, spanning 88 families. This study lays the groundwork for understanding DksA as a major regulator of general stress response and virulence in this important pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram P Maharjan
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW2109, Australia
| | - Geraldine J Sullivan
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW2109, Australia
| | - Felise G Adams
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Bhumika S Shah
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW2109, Australia
| | - Jane Hawkey
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Natasha Delgado
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW2109, Australia
| | - Lucie Semenec
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW2109, Australia
| | - Hue Dinh
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW2109, Australia
| | - Liping Li
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW2109, Australia
| | - Francesca L Short
- Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC3800, Australia
| | - Julian Parkhill
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Ian T Paulsen
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW2109, Australia
| | - Lars Barquist
- Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research (HIRI), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), 97080Würzburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Würzburg, 97080Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bart A Eijkelkamp
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Amy K Cain
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW2109, Australia
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Maillard J. Impact of benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride and chloroxylenol on bacterial antimicrobial resistance. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 133:3322-3346. [PMID: 35882500 PMCID: PMC9826383 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
This review examined 3655 articles on benzalkonium chloride (BKC), benzethonium chloride (BZT) and chloroxylenol (CHO) aiming to understand their impact on antimicrobial resistance. Following the application of inclusion/exclusion criteria, only 230 articles were retained for analysis; 212 concerned BKC, with only 18 for CHO and BZT. Seventy-eight percent of studies used MIC to measure BKC efficacy. Very few studies defined the term 'resistance' and 85% of studies defined 'resistance' as <10-fold increase (40% as low as 2-fold) in MIC. Only a few in vitro studies reported on formulated products and when they did, products performed better. In vitro studies looking at the impact of BKC exposure on bacterial resistance used either a stepwise training protocol or exposure to constant BKC concentrations. In these, BKC exposure resulted in elevated MIC or/and MBC, often associated with efflux, and at time, a change in antibiotic susceptibility profile. The clinical relevance of these findings was, however, neither reported nor addressed. Of note, several studies reported that bacterial strains with an elevated MIC or MBC remained susceptible to the in-use BKC concentration. BKC exposure was shown to reduce bacterial diversity in complex microbial microcosms, although the clinical significance of such a change has not been established. The impact of BKC exposure on the dissemination of resistant genes (notably efflux) remains speculative, although it manifests that clinical, veterinary and food isolates with elevated BKC MIC carried multiple efflux pump genes. The correlation between BKC usage and gene carriage, maintenance and dissemination has also not been established. The lack of clinical interpretation and significance in these studies does not allow to establish with certainty the role of BKC on AMR in practice. The limited literature and BZT and CHO do not allow to conclude that these will impact negatively on emerging bacterial resistance in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean‐Yves Maillard
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
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Barlow VL, Lai SJ, Chen CY, Tsai CH, Wu SH, Tsai YH. Effect of membrane fusion protein AdeT1 on the antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20464. [PMID: 33235243 PMCID: PMC7687900 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77339-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is a prevalent pathogen that can rapidly acquire resistance to antibiotics. Indeed, multidrug-resistant A. baumannii is a major cause of hospital-acquired infections and has been recognised by the World Health Organization as one of the most threatening bacteria to our society. Resistance-nodulation-division (RND) type multidrug efflux pumps have been demonstrated to convey antibiotic resistance to a wide range of pathogens and are the primary resistance mechanism employed by A. baumannii. A component of an RND pump in A. baumannii, AdeT1, was previously demonstrated to enhance the antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli. Here, we report the results of experiments which demonstrate that wild-type AdeT1 does not confer antimicrobial resistance in E. coli, highlighting the importance of verifying protein production when determining minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) especially by broth dilution. Nevertheless, using an agar-based MIC assay, we found that propionylation of Lys280 on AdeT1 renders E. coli cells more resistant to erythromycin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shu-Jung Lai
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yu Chen
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Han Tsai
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hsiung Wu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsuan Tsai
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
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Insights into the Periplasmic Proteins of Acinetobacter baumannii AB5075 and the Impact of Imipenem Exposure: A Proteomic Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20143451. [PMID: 31337077 PMCID: PMC6679007 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strains cause life-threatening infections due to the lack of therapeutic options. Although the main mechanisms underlying antibiotic-resistance have been extensively studied, the general response to maintain bacterial viability under antibiotic exposure deserves to be fully investigated. Since the periplasmic space contains several proteins with crucial cellular functions, besides carbapenemases, we decided to study the periplasmic proteome of the multidrug-resistant (MDR) A. baumannii AB5075 strain, grown in the absence and presence of imipenem (IMP). Through the proteomic approach, 65 unique periplasmic proteins common in both growth conditions were identified: eight proteins involved in protein fate, response to oxidative stress, energy metabolism, antibiotic-resistance, were differentially expressed. Among them, ABUW_1746 and ABUW_2363 gene products presented the tetratricopeptide repeat motif, mediating protein-protein interactions. The expression switch of these proteins might determine specific protein interactions to better adapt to changing environmental conditions. ABUW_2868, encoding a heat shock protein likely involved in protection against oxidative stress, was upregulated in IMP-exposed bacteria. Accordingly, the addition of periplasmic proteins from A. baumannii cultured with IMP increased bacterial viability in an antioxidant activity assay. Overall, this study provides the first insights about the composition of the periplasmic proteins of a MDR A. baumannii strain, its biological response to IMP and suggests possible new targets to develop alternative antibiotic drugs.
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Functional Characterization of AbaQ, a Novel Efflux Pump Mediating Quinolone Resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2018; 62:AAC.00906-18. [PMID: 29941648 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00906-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii has emerged as an important multidrug-resistant nosocomial pathogen. In previous work, we identified a putative MFS transporter, AU097_RS17040, involved in the pathogenicity of A. baumannii (M. Pérez-Varela, J. Corral, J. A. Vallejo, S. Rumbo-Feal, G. Bou, J. Aranda, and J. Barbé, Infect Immun 85:e00327-17, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.00327-17). In this study, we analyzed the susceptibility to diverse antimicrobial agents of A. baumannii cells defective in this transporter, referred to as AbaQ. Our results showed that AbaQ is mainly involved in the extrusion of quinolone-type drugs in A. baumannii.
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Acinetobacter in veterinary medicine, with an emphasis on Acinetobacter baumannii. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2018; 16:59-71. [PMID: 30144636 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2018.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter spp. are aerobic, rod-shaped, Gram-negative bacteria belonging to the Moraxellaceae family of the class Gammaproteobacteria and are considered ubiquitous organisms. Among them, Acinetobacter baumannii is the most clinically significant species with an extraordinary ability to accumulate antimicrobial resistance and to survive in the hospital environment. Recent reports indicate that A. baumannii has also evolved into a veterinary nosocomial pathogen. Although Acinetobacter spp. can be identified to species level using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS) coupled with an updated database, molecular techniques are still necessary for genotyping and determination of clonal lineages. It appears that the majority of infections due to A. baumannii in veterinary medicine are nosocomial. Such isolates have been associated with several types of infection such as canine pyoderma, feline necrotizing fasciitis, urinary tract infection, equine thrombophlebitis and lower respiratory tract infection, foal sepsis, pneumonia in mink, and cutaneous lesions in hybrid falcons. Given the potential multidrug resistance of A. baumannii, treatment of diseased animals is often supportive and should preferably be based on in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing results. It should be noted that animal isolates show high genetic diversity and are in general distinct in their sequence types and resistance patterns from those found in humans. However, it cannot be excluded that animals may occasionally play a role as a reservoir of A. baumannii. Thus, it is of importance to implement infection control measures in veterinary hospitals to avoid nosocomial outbreaks with multidrug-resistant A. baumannii.
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Lin F, Xu Y, Chang Y, Liu C, Jia X, Ling B. Molecular Characterization of Reduced Susceptibility to Biocides in Clinical Isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1836. [PMID: 29018420 PMCID: PMC5622949 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Active efflux is regarded as a common mechanism for antibiotic and biocide resistance. However, the role of many drug efflux pumps in biocide resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii remains unknown. Using biocide-resistant A. baumannii clinical isolates, we investigated the incidence of 11 known/putative antimicrobial resistance efflux pump genes (adeB, adeG, adeJ, adeT1, adeT2, amvA, abeD, abeM, qacE, qacEΔ1, and aceI) and triclosan target gene fabI through PCR and DNA sequencing. Reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR was conducted to assess the correlation between the efflux pump gene expression and the reduced susceptibility to triclosan or chlorhexidine. The A. baumannii isolates displayed high levels of reduced susceptibility to triclosan, chlorhexidine, benzalkonium, hydrogen peroxide, and ethanol. Most tested isolates were resistant to multiple antibiotics. Efflux resistance genes were widely distributed and generally expressed in A. baumannii. Although no clear relation was established between efflux pump gene expression and antibiotic resistance or reduced biocide susceptibility, triclosan non-susceptible isolates displayed relatively increased expression of adeB and adeJ whereas chlorhexidine non-susceptible isolates had increased abeM and fabI gene expression. Increased expression of adeJ and abeM was also demonstrated in multiple antibiotic resistant isolates. Exposure of isolates to subinhibitory concentrations of triclosan or chlorhexidine induced gene expression of adeB, adeG, adeJ and fabI, and adeB, respectively. A point mutation in FabI, Gly95Ser, was observed in only one triclosan-resistant isolate. Multiple sequence types with the major clone complex, CC92, were identified in high level triclosan-resistant isolates. Overall, this study showed the high prevalence of antibiotic and biocide resistance as well as the complexity of intertwined resistance mechanisms in clinical isolates of A. baumannii, which highlights the importance of antimicrobial stewardship and resistance surveillance in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Lin
- Sichuan Province College Key Laboratory of Structure-Specific Small Molecule Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Non-coding RNA and Drug Discovery Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yaowen Chang
- Sichuan Province College Key Laboratory of Structure-Specific Small Molecule Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Non-coding RNA and Drug Discovery Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Sichuan Province College Key Laboratory of Structure-Specific Small Molecule Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Non-coding RNA and Drug Discovery Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xu Jia
- Non-coding RNA and Drug Discovery Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Baodong Ling
- Sichuan Province College Key Laboratory of Structure-Specific Small Molecule Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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The Acinetobacter baumannii Two-Component System AdeRS Regulates Genes Required for Multidrug Efflux, Biofilm Formation, and Virulence in a Strain-Specific Manner. mBio 2016; 7:e00430-16. [PMID: 27094331 PMCID: PMC4850262 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00430-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The opportunistic pathogen Acinetobacter baumannii is able to persist in the environment and is often multidrug resistant (MDR), causing difficulties in the treatment of infections. Here, we show that the two-component system AdeRS, which regulates the production of the AdeABC multidrug resistance efflux pump, is required for the formation of a protective biofilm in an ex vivo porcine mucosal model, which mimics a natural infection of the human epithelium. Interestingly, deletion of adeB impacted only on the ability of strain AYE to form a biofilm on plastic and only on the virulence of strain Singapore 1 for Galleria mellonella. RNA-Seq revealed that loss of AdeRS or AdeB significantly altered the transcriptional landscape, resulting in the changed expression of many genes, notably those associated with antimicrobial resistance and virulence interactions. For example, A. baumannii lacking AdeRS displayed decreased expression of adeABC, pil genes, com genes, and a pgaC-like gene, whereas loss of AdeB resulted in increased expression of pil and com genes and decreased expression of ferric acinetobactin transport system genes. These data define the scope of AdeRS-mediated regulation, show that changes in the production of AdeABC mediate important phenotypes controlled by AdeRS, and suggest that AdeABC is a viable target for antimicrobial drug and antibiofilm discovery. Acinetobacter baumannii is a nosocomial pathogen and is an increasing problem in hospitals worldwide. This organism is often multidrug resistant, can persist in the environment, and forms a biofilm on environmental surfaces and wounds. Overproduction of efflux pumps can allow specific toxic compounds to be pumped out of the cell and can lead to multidrug resistance. This study demonstrates the role of the A. baumannii efflux pump AdeB, and its regulator AdeRS, in multidrug resistance, epithelial cell killing, and biofilm formation. Deletion of the genes encoding these systems led to increased susceptibility to antibiotics, decreased biofilm formation on biotic and abiotic surfaces, and decreased virulence. Our data suggest that inhibition of AdeB could prevent biofilm formation or colonization in patients by A. baumannii and provides a good target for drug discovery.
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Lai JH, Yang JT, Chern J, Chen TL, Wu WL, Liao JH, Tsai SF, Liang SY, Chou CC, Wu SH. Comparative Phosphoproteomics Reveals the Role of AmpC β-lactamase Phosphorylation in the Clinical Imipenem-resistant Strain Acinetobacter baumannii SK17. Mol Cell Proteomics 2015; 15:12-25. [PMID: 26499836 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m115.051052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Nosocomial infectious outbreaks caused by multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii have emerged as a serious threat to human health. Phosphoproteomics of pathogenic bacteria has been used to identify the mechanisms of bacterial virulence and antimicrobial resistance. In this study, we used a shotgun strategy combined with high-accuracy mass spectrometry to analyze the phosphoproteomics of the imipenem-susceptible strain SK17-S and -resistant strain SK17-R. We identified 410 phosphosites on 248 unique phosphoproteins in SK17-S and 285 phosphosites on 211 unique phosphoproteins in SK17-R. The distributions of the Ser/Thr/Tyr/Asp/His phosphosites in SK17-S and SK17-R were 47.0%/27.6%/12.4%/8.0%/4.9% versus 41.4%/29.5%/17.5%/6.7%/4.9%, respectively. The Ser-90 phosphosite, located on the catalytic motif S(88)VS(90)K of the AmpC β-lactamase, was first identified in SK17-S. Based on site-directed mutagenesis, the nonphosphorylatable mutant S90A was found to be more resistant to imipenem, whereas the phosphorylation-simulated mutant S90D was sensitive to imipenem. Additionally, the S90A mutant protein exhibited higher β-lactamase activity and conferred greater bacterial protection against imipenem in SK17-S compared with the wild-type. In sum, our results revealed that in A. baumannii, Ser-90 phosphorylation of AmpC negatively regulates both β-lactamase activity and the ability to counteract the antibiotic effects of imipenem. These findings highlight the impact of phosphorylation-mediated regulation in antibiotic-resistant bacteria on future drug design and new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juo-Hsin Lai
- From the ‡Institute of Biochemical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; §Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica. Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Jhih-Tian Yang
- §Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica. Taipei 11529, Taiwan; ¶Ph.D. Program in Microbial Genomics, National Chung Hsing University and Academia Sinica, Taiwan
| | - Jeffy Chern
- §Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica. Taipei 11529, Taiwan; ‖Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan; **Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Te-Li Chen
- ‡‡Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan; §§Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; ¶¶Department of Medicine, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei 11220, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ling Wu
- §Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica. Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Jiahn-Haur Liao
- §Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica. Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Feng Tsai
- ‖‖Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan; Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan
| | - Suh-Yuen Liang
- §Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica. Taipei 11529, Taiwan; Core Facilities for Protein Structural Analysis, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chi Chou
- §Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica. Taipei 11529, Taiwan; Core Facilities for Protein Structural Analysis, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hsiung Wu
- From the ‡Institute of Biochemical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; §Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica. Taipei 11529, Taiwan; ‖Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan; **Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan;
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Fernández-Cuenca F, Tomás M, Caballero-Moyano FJ, Bou G, Martínez-Martínez L, Vila J, Pachón J, Cisneros JM, Rodríguez-Baño J, Pascual Á. Reduced susceptibility to biocides in Acinetobacter baumannii: association with resistance to antimicrobials, epidemiological behaviour, biological cost and effect on the expression of genes encoding porins and efflux pumps. J Antimicrob Chemother 2015; 70:3222-9. [PMID: 26517560 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkv262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to analyse whether there is an association between reduced susceptibility to biocides in Acinetobacter baumannii and (i) antimicrobial resistance (co-resistance), (ii) prevalent (epidemic) clones, (iii) changes in the fitness or (iv) expression of genes related to efflux pumps and porins. METHODS Susceptibility to biocides and antimicrobials was determined in 49 clonally unrelated isolates of A. baumannii. Biological cost, in terms of mean generation time, was determined by spectrophotometry. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR was used to determine the relative expression of genes encoding several efflux pumps and porins. RESULTS Reduced susceptibility to chlorhexidine digluconate, benzalkonium chloride and Irgasan(®) was associated with resistance to aminoglycosides, tetracycline and ciprofloxacin (P < 0.05). The MICs of carbapenems, aminoglycosides, doxycycline and ciprofloxacin for isolate Ab70 (epidemic clone) exposed to these biocides increased by ≥2 dilutions. Reduced susceptibility to Orsan(®) was more frequent among prevalent clones than non-prevalent clones (P < 0.05). Mean generation times for Ab70 before and after exposure to benzalkonium chloride were 57.8 and 78.1 min, respectively (P = 0.02). Relative expression of abeS and adeB was increased in Ab46 and Ab70 after exposure to chlorhexidine digluconate, but was decreased for ompA and carO after exposure to Irgasan(®). CONCLUSIONS Reduced susceptibility to biocides is associated with co-resistance to carbapenems, aminoglycosides, tetracycline and ciprofloxacin. Reduced susceptibility to Orsan(®) may be a marker of prevalent clones. Acquisition of reduced susceptibility to benzalkonium chloride has a biological cost. Exposure to biocides affects the relative expression of genes related to some efflux pump genes (increased expression) or porins (reduced expression).
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Fernández-Cuenca
- Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Microbiología Clínica y Medicina Preventiva, Hospitales Universitarios Virgen Macarena y Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - María Tomás
- Servicio de Microbiología, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), A Coruña, Spain Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Francisco-Javier Caballero-Moyano
- Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Microbiología Clínica y Medicina Preventiva, Hospitales Universitarios Virgen Macarena y Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Germán Bou
- Servicio de Microbiología, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), A Coruña, Spain Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Luis Martínez-Martínez
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Jordi Vila
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Biomedical Diagnostic Centre (CDB), Hospital Clínic, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain ISGlobal, Barcelona Centre for International Health Research (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jerónimo Pachón
- Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Microbiología Clínica y Medicina Preventiva, Hospitales Universitarios Virgen Macarena y Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Sevilla, Spain
| | - José-Miguel Cisneros
- Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Microbiología Clínica y Medicina Preventiva, Hospitales Universitarios Virgen Macarena y Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Jesús Rodríguez-Baño
- Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Microbiología Clínica y Medicina Preventiva, Hospitales Universitarios Virgen Macarena y Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Álvaro Pascual
- Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Microbiología Clínica y Medicina Preventiva, Hospitales Universitarios Virgen Macarena y Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
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Asai S, Umezawa K, Iwashita H, Ohshima T, Ohashi M, Sasaki M, Hayashi H, Matsui M, Shibayama K, Inokuchi S, Miyachi H. An outbreak of blaOXA-51-like- and blaOXA-66-positive Acinetobacter baumannii ST208 in the emergency intensive care unit. J Med Microbiol 2014; 63:1517-1523. [PMID: 25142965 PMCID: PMC4209737 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.077503-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of clinical isolates of drug-resistant (DR) Acinetobacter baumannii with diverse drug susceptibility was detected from eight patients in the emergency intensive care unit of Tokai University Hospital. The initial isolate was obtained in March 2010 (A. baumannii Tokai strain 1); subsequently, seven isolates were obtained from patients (A. baumannii Tokai strains 2–8) and one isolate was obtained from an air-fluidized bed used by five of the patients during the 3 months from August to November 2011. The isolates were classified into three types of antimicrobial drug resistance patterns (RRR, SRR and SSR) according to their susceptibility (S) or resistance (R) to imipenem, amikacin and ciprofloxacin, respectively. Genotyping of these isolates by multilocus sequence typing revealed one sequence type, ST208, whilst that by a DiversiLab analysis revealed two subtypes. All the isolates were positive for blaOXA-51-like and blaOXA-66, as assessed by PCR and DNA sequencing. A. baumannii Tokai strains 1–8 and 10 (RRR, SRR and SSR) had quinolone resistance-associated mutations in gyrA/parC, as revealed by DNA sequencing. The ISAba1 upstream of blaOXA-51-like and aminoglycoside resistance-associated gene, armA, were detected in A. baumannii Tokai strains 1–7 and 10 (RRR and SRR) as assessed by PCR. Among the genes encoding resistance–nodulation–division family pumps (adeB, adeG and adeJ) and outer-membrane porins (oprD and carO), overexpression of adeB and adeJ and suppression of oprD and carO were seen in isolates of A. baumannii Tokai strain 2 (RRR), as assessed by real-time PCR. Thus, the molecular characterization of a series of isolates of DR A. baumannii revealed the outbreak of ST208 and diverse antimicrobial drug susceptibilities, which almost correlated with differential gene alterations responsible for each type of drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satomi Asai
- Infection Control Division, Tokai University Hospital, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara 259-1193, Japan.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara 259-1193, Japan
| | - Kazuo Umezawa
- Department of Critical Care and Emergency Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara 259-1193, Japan
| | - Hideo Iwashita
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara 259-1193, Japan
| | - Toshio Ohshima
- Infection Control Division, Tokai University Hospital, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara 259-1193, Japan
| | - Maya Ohashi
- Infection Control Division, Tokai University Hospital, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara 259-1193, Japan
| | - Mika Sasaki
- Infection Control Division, Tokai University Hospital, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara 259-1193, Japan
| | - Hideki Hayashi
- Support Center for Medical Research and Education, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara 259-1193, Japan
| | - Mari Matsui
- Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keigo Shibayama
- Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sadaki Inokuchi
- Department of Critical Care and Emergency Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara 259-1193, Japan
| | - Hayato Miyachi
- Infection Control Division, Tokai University Hospital, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara 259-1193, Japan.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara 259-1193, Japan
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Adaptive and Mutational Resistance: Role of Porins and Efflux Pumps in Drug Resistance. Clin Microbiol Rev 2013. [DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00094-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Kao PH, Lin SR, Hu WP, Chang LS. Naja naja atra and Naja nigricollis cardiotoxins induce fusion of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus membrane-mimicking liposomes. Toxicon 2012; 60:367-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2012.04.345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Revised: 03/03/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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