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Tsai CH, Shih DH, Tu JH, Wu TW, Tsai MG, Shih MH. Analyzing Monthly Blood Test Data to Forecast 30-Day Hospital Readmissions among Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2283. [PMID: 38673554 PMCID: PMC11051209 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13082283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: The increase in the global population of hemodialysis patients is linked to aging demographics and the prevalence of conditions such as arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus. While previous research in hemodialysis has mainly focused on mortality predictions, there is a gap in studies targeting short-term hospitalization predictions using detailed, monthly blood test data. Methods: This study employs advanced data preprocessing and machine learning techniques to predict hospitalizations within a 30-day period among hemodialysis patients. Initial steps include employing K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) imputation to address missing data and using the Synthesized Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE) to ensure data balance. The study then applies a Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm for the predictive analysis, with an additional enhancement through ensemble learning techniques, in order to improve prediction accuracy. Results: The application of SVM in predicting hospitalizations within a 30-day period among hemodialysis patients resulted in an impressive accuracy rate of 93%. This accuracy rate further improved to 96% upon incorporating ensemble learning methods, demonstrating the efficacy of the chosen machine learning approach in this context. Conclusions: This study highlights the potential of utilizing machine learning to predict hospital readmissions within a 30-day period among hemodialysis patients based on monthly blood test data. It represents a significant leap towards precision medicine and personalized healthcare for this patient group, suggesting a paradigm shift in patient care through the proactive identification of hospitalization risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Han Tsai
- Department of Information Management and Institute of Healthcare Information Management, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi City 62102, Taiwan or
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chiayi Branch, Taichung Veteran’s General Hospital, Chiayi City 60090, Taiwan
| | - Dong-Her Shih
- Department of Information Management, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Douliu 64002, Taiwan;
| | - Jue-Hong Tu
- Department of Nephrology, St. Joseph’s Hospital, Yunlin 63241, Taiwan; (J.-H.T.); (M.-G.T.)
| | - Ting-Wei Wu
- Department of Information Management, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Douliu 64002, Taiwan;
| | - Ming-Guei Tsai
- Department of Nephrology, St. Joseph’s Hospital, Yunlin 63241, Taiwan; (J.-H.T.); (M.-G.T.)
| | - Ming-Hung Shih
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Iowa State University, 2520 Osborn Drive, Ames, IA 50011, USA;
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2
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Chang CH, Tsai CH, Liu YT, Endo Y. Fourier-transform microwave spectroscopy of the ClSO radical. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:4922-4928. [PMID: 38263876 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp06185j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Pure rotational transitions of the ClSO radical have been observed by Fourier-transform microwave spectroscopy. a-type and b-type transitions, for both 35Cl and 37Cl isotopologues, were detected, and the observed very complicated fine and hyperfine components were assigned well. The intensities of the observed spectra of the two isotopologues correspond to the ratio of the isotope abundances of 35Cl and 37Cl. A total of 21 molecular constants were determined precisely for both 35ClSO and 37ClSO, including the rotational constants, centrifugal distortion constants, electronic spin-rotation constants, nuclear spin-rotation constants, magnetic hyperfine constants, and quadrupole coupling constants of chlorine. The molecular constants show ClSO to have the 2A'' electronic ground state with an out-of-plane unpaired electron. The spin density of the chlorine atom is about 10.6%, which is similar to that of the fluorine atom for FSO, about 8%. Results of the ClSO radical are compared with those of other triatomic radicals with similar structures, the XSS, XSO, and XOO radicals with X = H, F, and Cl, leading to a conclusion that the ClSO radical is more like FSO, but fairly different from the FOO and ClOO radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Hua Chang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Science Building II, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 Ta-Hsueh Rd., Hsinchu 300093, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-Han Tsai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Science Building II, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 Ta-Hsueh Rd., Hsinchu 300093, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Ting Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Science Building II, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 Ta-Hsueh Rd., Hsinchu 300093, Taiwan.
| | - Yasuki Endo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Science Building II, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 Ta-Hsueh Rd., Hsinchu 300093, Taiwan.
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Tsai CH, Hu YH. Application of Machine Learning Techniques to Development of Emergency Medical Rapid Triage Prediction Models in Acute Care. Comput Inform Nurs 2024; 42:35-43. [PMID: 38086831 DOI: 10.1097/cin.0000000000001057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Given the critical and complex features of medical emergencies, it is essential to develop models that enable prompt and suitable clinical decision-making based on considerable information. Emergency nurses are responsible for categorizing and prioritizing injuries and illnesses on the frontlines of the emergency room. This study aims to create an Emergency Medical Rapid Triage and Prediction Assistance model using electronic medical records and machine learning techniques. Patient information was retrieved from the emergency department of a large regional teaching hospital in Taiwan, and five supervised learning techniques were used to construct classification models for predicting critical outcomes. Of these models, the model using logistic regression had superior prediction performance, with an F1 score of 0.861 and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.855. The Emergency Medical Rapid Triage and Prediction Assistance model demonstrated superior performance in predicting intensive care and hospitalization outcomes compared with the Taiwan Triage and Acuity Scale and three clinical early warning tools. The proposed model has the potential to assist emergency nurses in executing challenging triage assessments and emergency teams in treating critically ill patients promptly, leading to improved clinical care and efficient utilization of medical resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Han Tsai
- Author Affiliations: Department of Information Management and Institute of Healthcare Information Management, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi County, and Department of Emergency Medicine, Chiayi Branch, Taichung Veteran's General Hospital (Tsai); and Department of Information Management and Asian Institute for Impact Measurement and Management, National Central University, Taoyuan City (Hu), Taiwan
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Chang CH, Cheng TY, Yeh WW, Luo YL, Campbell M, Kuo TC, Shen TW, Hong YC, Tsai CH, Peng YC, Pan CC, Yang MH, Shih JC, Kung HJ, Huang WJ, Chang PC, Lin TP. REST-repressed lncRNA LINC01801 induces neuroendocrine differentiation in prostate cancer via transcriptional activation of autophagy. Am J Cancer Res 2023; 13:3983-4002. [PMID: 37818052 PMCID: PMC10560947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The association between REST reduction and the development of neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC), a novel drug-resistant and lethal variant of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), is well established. To better understand the mechanisms underlying this process, we aimed to identify REST-repressed long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) that promote neuroendocrine differentiation (NED), thus facilitating targeted therapy-induced resistance. In this study, we used data from REST knockdown RNA sequencing combined with siRNA screening to determine that LINC01801 was upregulated and played a crucial role in NED in prostate cancer (PCa). Using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) prostate adenocarcinoma database and CRPC samples collected in our laboratory, we demonstrated that LINC01801 expression is upregulated in NEPC. Functional experiments revealed that overexpression of LINC01801 had a slight stimulatory effect on the NED of LNCaP cells, while downregulation of LINC01801 significantly inhibited the induction of NED. Mechanistically, LINC01801 is transcriptionally repressed by REST, and transcriptomic analysis revealed that LINC01801 preferentially affects the autophagy pathway. LINC01801 was found to function as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) to regulate the expression of autophagy-related genes by sponging hsa-miR-6889-3p in prostate cancer cells. In conclusion, our data expand the current knowledge of REST-induced NED and highlight the contribution of the REST-LINC01801-hsa-miR-6889-3p axis to autophagic induction, which may provide promising avenues for therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Hsin Chang
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityHsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, Taipei Medical University HospitalTaipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yu Cheng
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityHsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Wayne W Yeh
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityHsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Li Luo
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityHsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Mel Campbell
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at DavisSacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Tse-Chun Kuo
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research InstitutesZhunan, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Wen Shen
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityHsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chih Hong
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Han Tsai
- Department of Urology, Taipei Veterans General HospitalTaipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ching Peng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General HospitalTaipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chen Pan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General HospitalTaipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Muh-Hwa Yang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipei 11221, Taiwan
- Cancer Progression Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Jean-Chen Shih
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern CaliforniaLos Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Hsing-Jien Kung
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at DavisSacramento, CA 95817, USA
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical UniversityTaipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - William J Huang
- Department of Urology, Taipei Veterans General HospitalTaipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ching Chang
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityHsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Cancer Progression Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ping Lin
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipei 11221, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, Taipei Veterans General HospitalTaipei 11217, Taiwan
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5
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Thakur S, Chao PCP, Tsai CH. Precision Heart Rate Estimation Using a PPG Sensor Patch Equipped with New Algorithms of Pre-Quality Checking and Hankel Decomposition. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:6180. [PMID: 37448029 DOI: 10.3390/s23136180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
A new method for accurately estimating heart rates based on a single photoplethysmography (PPG) signal and accelerations is proposed in this study, considering motion artifacts due to subjects' hand motions and walking. The method comprises two sub-algorithms: pre-quality checking and motion artifact removal (MAR) via Hankel decomposition. PPGs and accelerations were collected using a wearable device equipped with a PPG sensor patch and a 3-axis accelerometer. The motion artifacts caused by hand movements and walking were effectively mitigated by the two aforementioned sub-algorithms. The first sub-algorithm utilized a new quality-assessment criterion to identify highly noise-contaminated PPG signals and exclude them from subsequent processing. The second sub-algorithm employed the Hankel matrix and singular value decomposition (SVD) to effectively identify, decompose, and remove motion artifacts. Experimental data collected during hand-moving and walking were considered for evaluation. The performance of the proposed algorithms was assessed using the datasets from the IEEE Signal Processing Cup 2015. The obtained results demonstrated an average error of merely 0.7345 ± 8.1129 beats per minute (bpm) and a mean absolute error of 1.86 bpm for walking, making it the second most accurate method to date that employs a single PPG and a 3-axis accelerometer. The proposed method also achieved the best accuracy of 3.78 bpm in mean absolute errors among all previously reported studies for hand-moving scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smriti Thakur
- Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Paul C-P Chao
- Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Han Tsai
- Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
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6
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Tsai CH, Chung HJ, Huang EYH, Lin TP, Huang TH, Huang WJ. Risk factors for hemorrhagic complications following robotic-assisted partial nephrectomy. J Chin Med Assoc 2023; 86:295-299. [PMID: 36727797 DOI: 10.1097/jcma.0000000000000857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to analyze the risk factors for hemorrhagic complications in patients who underwent robotic-assisted partial nephrectomy. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the records of 260 patients who underwent robotic-assisted partial nephrectomy. Hemorrhagic complications were defined as bleeding, hematoma, or arteriovenous fistula requiring hemostatic medication, blood transfusion, or therapeutic intervention. Hemorrhagic complications were graded according to the modified Clavien classification system, and the hemorrhagic complication group comprised only those complications with Clavien grade II or higher. Thereafter, we investigated the presence of any relevant association between perioperative factors and hemorrhagic complications. RESULTS Of 260 patients included in the study, 32 (12.3%) had hemorrhagic complications. The postoperative hemoglobin level was significantly lower in the hemorrhagic complication group than in the group without complications. The hemorrhagic complication group had significantly more essential blood loss and a significantly longer length of hospital stay. In the univariate analysis, type 2 diabetes mellitus, Radius-scores tumor size as maximal diameter exophytic/endophytic properties of the tumor nearness of the deepest portion of the tumor to the collecting system or renal sinus anterior (a)/posterior (p) descriptor location relative to the polar line., sum of the renal size plus renal sinus involvement in the PADUA score is a simple anatomical system that can be used to predict the risk of surgical and medical perioperative complications in patients undergoing open NSS, prolonged console time (>180 minutes), prolonged warm ischemic time (>25 minutes), and method of pedicle control were statistically significant risk factors. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, warm ischemic time >25 minutes was the only significant risk factor for hemorrhagic complications (odds ratio, 3.51; 95% confidence interval, 1.28-9.59; p = 0.01). CONCLUSION Patients who undergo robotic-assisted partial nephrectomy with a warm ischemic time >25 minutes are significantly more likely to have hemorrhagic complications and should hence receive careful perioperative follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Han Tsai
- Department of Urology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsiao-Jen Chung
- Department of Urology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine and Shu-Tien Urological Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Eric Y H Huang
- Department of Urology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine and Shu-Tien Urological Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tzu-Ping Lin
- Department of Urology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine and Shu-Tien Urological Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tzu-Hao Huang
- Department of Urology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine and Shu-Tien Urological Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - William J Huang
- Department of Urology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine and Shu-Tien Urological Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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Liu CH, Tsai MJ, Hsu CF, Tsai CH, Su YS, Cai DC. The Influence of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Emergency Medical Services to Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrests in a Low-Incidence Urban City: An Observational Epidemiological Analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:2713. [PMID: 36768079 PMCID: PMC9915115 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The Emergency Medical Services (EMS) system faced overwhelming challenges during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. However, further information is required to determine how the pandemic affected the EMS response and the clinical outcomes of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients in COVID-19 low-incidence cities. A retrospective study was conducted in Chiayi, Taiwan, a COVID-19 low-incidence urban city. We compared the outcomes and rescue records before (2018-2019) and during (2020-2021) the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 567 patients before and 497 during the pandemic were enrolled. Multivariate analysis revealed that the COVID-19 pandemic had no significant influence on the achievement of return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and sustained ROSC but was associated with lower probabilities of survival to discharge (aOR = 0.43, 95% CI: 0.21-0.89, p = 0.002) and discharge with favorable neurologic outcome among OHCA patients (aOR = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.16-0.77, p = 0.009). Patients' ages and OHCA locations were also discovered to be independently related to survival results. The overall impact of longer EMS rescue times on survival outcomes during the pandemic was not significant, with an exception of the specific group that experienced prolonged rescue times (total EMS time > 21 min).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Hsien Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi City 600, Taiwan
- Graduate School of Design, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin 640, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jen Tsai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi City 600, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Feng Hsu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi City 600, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Han Tsai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taichung Veteran’s General Hospital, Chia-Yi Branch, Chiayi City 600, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Sing Su
- Fire Bureau, Chiayi City Government, Chiayi City 600, Taiwan
| | - Deng-Chuan Cai
- Graduate School of Design, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin 640, Taiwan
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Munch SB, Rogers TL, Johnson BJ, Bhat U, Tsai CH. Rethinking the Prevalence and Relevance of Chaos in Ecology. Annu Rev Ecol Evol Syst 2022. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-111320-052920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Chaos was proposed in the 1970s as an alternative explanation for apparently noisy fluctuations in population size. Although readily demonstrated in models, the search for chaos in nature proved challenging and led many to conclude that chaos is either rare or nigh impossible to detect. However, in the intervening half-century, it has become clear that ecosystems are replete with the enabling conditions for chaos. Chaos has been repeatedly demonstrated under laboratory conditions and has been found in field data using updated detection methods. Together, these developments indicate that the apparent rarity of chaos was an artifact of data limitations and overreliance on low-dimensional population models. We invite readers to reevaluate the relevance of chaos in ecology, and we suggest that chaos is not as rare or undetectable as previously believed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan B. Munch
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, USA
- Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Tanya L. Rogers
- Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Bethany J. Johnson
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Uttam Bhat
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Cheng-Han Tsai
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, USA
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Tsai CH, Sweatman HPA, Thibaut LM, Connolly SR. Volatility in coral cover erodes niche structure, but not diversity, in reef fish assemblages. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabm6858. [PMID: 35704577 PMCID: PMC9200288 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm6858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The world's coral reefs are experiencing increasing volatility in coral cover, largely because of anthropogenic environmental change, highlighting the need to understand how such volatility will influence the structure and dynamics of reef assemblages. These changes may influence not only richness or evenness but also the temporal stability of species' relative abundances (temporal beta-diversity). Here, we analyzed reef fish assemblage time series from the Great Barrier Reef to show that, overall, 75% of the variance in abundance among species was attributable to persistent differences in species' long-term mean abundances. However, the relative importance of stochastic fluctuations in abundance was higher on reefs that experienced greater volatility in coral cover, whereas it did not vary with drivers of alpha-diversity. These findings imply that increased coral cover volatility decreases temporal stability in relative abundances of fishes, a transformation that is not detectable from static measures of biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Han Tsai
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville MC, QLD 4810, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | | | - Loïc M. Thibaut
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Centre for Population Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Population Genomics, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sean R. Connolly
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama, Republic of Panama
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Tsai MJ, Tsai CH, Pan RC, Hsu CF, Sung SF. Validation of ICD-9-CM and ICD-10-CM Diagnostic Codes for Identifying Patients with Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest in a National Health Insurance Claims Database. Clin Epidemiol 2022; 14:721-730. [PMID: 35669234 PMCID: PMC9166954 DOI: 10.2147/clep.s366874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Taiwan’s national health insurance (NHI) database is a valuable resource for large-scale epidemiological and long-term survival research for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). We developed and validated case definition algorithms for OHCA based on the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) diagnostic codes and billing codes for NHI reimbursement. Patients and Methods Claims data and medical records of all emergency department visits from 2010 to 2020 were retrieved from the hospital’s research-based database. Death-related diagnostic codes and keywords were used to identify potential OHCA cases, which were ascertained by chart reviews. We tested the performance of the developed OHCA algorithms and validated them on an external dataset. Results The algorithm defining OHCA as any cardiac arrest (CA)-related ICD code in the first three diagnosis fields performed the best with a sensitivity of 89.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 88.2–90.7%), a positive predictive value (PPV) of 90.6% (95% CI, 89.4–91.8%), and a kappa value of 0.900 (95% CI, 0.891–0.909). The second-best algorithm consists of any CA-related ICD code in any diagnosis field with a billing code for triage acuity level 1, achieving a sensitivity of 85.6% (95% CI, 84.1–87.0%), a PPV of 93.6% (95% CI, 92.5–94.5), and a kappa value of 0.894 (95% CI, 0.884–0.903). Both algorithms performed well in external validation. In subgroup analyses, the former algorithm performed the best in adult patients, outpatient claims, and during the ICD-9 era. The latter algorithm performed the best in the inpatient claims and during the ICD-10 era. The best algorithm for identifying pediatric OHCAs was any CA-related ICD code in the first three diagnosis fields with a billing code for triage acuity level 1. Conclusion Our results may serve as a reference for future OHCA studies using the Taiwan NHI database.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Jen Tsai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi City, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Han Tsai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chiayi Branch, Taichung Veteran’s General Hospital, Chiayi City, Taiwan
- Department of Information Management, Institute of Healthcare Information Management, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi County, Taiwan
| | - Ru-Chiou Pan
- Clinical Data Center, Department of Medical Research, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi City, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Feng Hsu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi City, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Feng Sung
- Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi City, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Min-Hwei Junior College of Health Care Management, Tainan, Taiwan
- Correspondence: Sheng-Feng Sung, Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi City, Taiwan, Tel +886 5 276 5041 Ext 7283, Fax +886 5 278 4257, Email ;
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11
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Tsai CH, Fan YH, Lin ATL, Huang WJ. Risk factors for pharmacotherapy for storage symptoms after transurethral resection of the prostate in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Low Urin Tract Symptoms 2022; 14:329-333. [PMID: 35313391 DOI: 10.1111/luts.12438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Postoperative persistence of storage symptoms after transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) is bothersome, and evidence of its cause is sparse. We sought to analyze risk factors for using antimuscarinics or beta-3 agonists after TURP in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients. METHODS BPH patients who underwent TURP and were followed up for >6 months after surgery were retrospectively enrolled. Postoperative pharmacotherapy for storage symptoms was defined as the prescription of antimuscarinics or beta-3 agonists within 3 months after TURP for >3 months. Preoperative and perioperative variables were evaluated for their effect on the postoperative prescription of antimuscarinics or beta-3 agonists. RESULTS Of the 376 patients, 45 (12.0%) received postoperative pharmacotherapy for storage symptoms. Patients who underwent bipolar TURP were significantly more likely to receive postoperative pharmacotherapy than those who underwent monopolar TURP (15.7% vs 6.9%; P = 0.01). Significantly more patients with intravesical prostatic protrusions >1 cm used postoperative pharmacotherapy than those with protrusions of ≤1 cm (14.4% vs 5.2% respectively; P = 0.02). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed age >75 years (odds ratio [OR] 3.04; 95% CI 1.29-7.16; P = 0.011), intravesical prostatic protrusion >1 cm (OR, 3.48; 95% CI, 1.32-9.15; P = 0.012), and bipolar transurethral resection (OR 4.25; 95% CI 1.53-11.80; P = 0.005) as significant risk factors for postoperative pharmacotherapy. CONCLUSIONS Advanced age, intravesical prostatic protrusion, and bipolar TURP were significantly associated with postoperative pharmacotherapy for storage symptoms after TURP in BPH patients. Therefore, patients with these risk factors might be informed about the risk of postoperative storage symptoms that may require medications after TURP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Han Tsai
- Department of Urology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hua Fan
- Department of Urology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, College of Medicine and Shu-Tien Urological Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Alex T L Lin
- Department of Urology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, College of Medicine and Shu-Tien Urological Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - William J Huang
- Department of Urology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, College of Medicine and Shu-Tien Urological Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
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12
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Chang CW, Lin YH, Tsai CH, Kulandaivel S, Yeh YC. Sequential detection of dopamine and L-DOPA by a 2,3-dopa-dioxygenase from Streptomyces sclerotialus. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1202:339641. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.339641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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13
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Lin CX, Tang WR, Tseng LT, Valinton JAA, Tsai CH, Kurniawan A, Chiou K, Chen CH. Enhanced Thermal Conducting Behavior of Pressurized Graphene-Silver Flake Composites. Langmuir 2022; 38:727-734. [PMID: 34979082 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Modern electronics continue to shrink down the sizes while becoming more and more powerful. To improve heat dissipation of electronics, fillers used in the semiconductor packaging process need to possess both high electrical and thermal conductivity. Graphene is known to improve thermal conductivity but suffers from van der Waals interactions and thus poor processibility. In this study, we wrapped silver microflakes with graphene sheets, which can enable intercoupling of phonon- and electron-based thermal transport, to improve the thermal conductivity. Using just 1.55 wt % graphene for wrapping can achieve a 2.64-times greater thermal diffusivity (equivalent to 254.196 ± 10.123 W/m·K) over pristine silver flakes. Graphene-wrapped silver flakes minimize the increase of electrical resistivity, which is one-order higher (1.4 × 10-3 Ω·cm) than the pristine flakes (5.7 × 10-4 Ω·cm). Trace contents of wrapped graphene (<1.55 wt %) were found to be enough to bridge the void between Ag flakes, and this enhances the thermal conductivity. Graphene loading at 3.76 wt % (beyond the threshold of 1.55 wt %) results in the significant graphene aggregation that decreases thermal diffusivity to as low as 16% of the pristine Ag filler. This work recognizes that suitable amounts of graphene wrapping can enhance heat dissipation, but too much graphene results in unwanted aggregation that hinders thermal conducting performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiao-Xian Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, No. 70, Lien-hai Road, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Renn Tang
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, No. 70, Lien-hai Road, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ting Tseng
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, No. 70, Lien-hai Road, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
- Ample Electronic Co. No. 32, Dayou 3rd St., Daliao Dist., Kaohsiung City 831, Taiwan
| | - Joey Andrew A Valinton
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, No. 70, Lien-hai Road, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Han Tsai
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, No. 70, Lien-hai Road, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Alfin Kurniawan
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, No. 70, Lien-hai Road, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Kevin Chiou
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, No. 70, Lien-hai Road, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hu Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, No. 70, Lien-hai Road, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
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14
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Chen RF, Cheng KC, Lin YY, Chang IC, Tsai CH. Predicting Unscheduled Emergency Department Return Visits Among Older Adults: Population-Based Retrospective Study. JMIR Med Inform 2021; 9:e22491. [PMID: 34319244 PMCID: PMC8367131 DOI: 10.2196/22491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Unscheduled emergency department return visits (EDRVs) are key indicators for monitoring the quality of emergency medical care. A high return rate implies that the medical services provided by the emergency department (ED) failed to achieve the expected results of accurate diagnosis and effective treatment. Older adults are more susceptible to diseases and comorbidities than younger adults, and they exhibit unique and complex clinical characteristics that increase the difficulty of clinical diagnosis and treatment. Older adults also use more emergency medical resources than people in other age groups. Many studies have reviewed the causes of EDRVs among general ED patients; however, few have focused on older adults, although this is the age group with the highest rate of EDRVs. Objective This aim of this study is to establish a model for predicting unscheduled EDRVs within a 72-hour period among patients aged 65 years and older. In addition, we aim to investigate the effects of the influencing factors on their unscheduled EDRVs. Methods We used stratified and randomized data from Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database and applied data mining techniques to construct a prediction model consisting of patient, disease, hospital, and physician characteristics. Records of ED visits by patients aged 65 years and older from 1996 to 2010 in the National Health Insurance Research Database were selected, and the final sample size was 49,252 records. Results The decision tree of the prediction model achieved an acceptable overall accuracy of 76.80%. Economic status, chronic illness, and length of stay in the ED were the top three variables influencing unscheduled EDRVs. Those who stayed in the ED overnight or longer on their first visit were less likely to return. This study confirms the results of prior studies, which found that economically underprivileged older adults with chronic illness and comorbidities were more likely to return to the ED. Conclusions Medical institutions can use our prediction model as a reference to improve medical management and clinical services by understanding the reasons for 72-hour unscheduled EDRVs in older adult patients. A possible solution is to create mechanisms that incorporate our prediction model and develop a support system with customized medical education for older patients and their family members before discharge. Meanwhile, a reasonably longer length of stay in the ED may help evaluate treatments and guide prognosis for older adult patients, and it may further reduce the rate of their unscheduled EDRVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rai-Fu Chen
- Department of Information Management, Chia-Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Kuei-Chen Cheng
- Department of Information Management, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi County, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Yin Lin
- Department of Information Management, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi County, Taiwan
| | - I-Chiu Chang
- Department of Information Management, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi County, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Han Tsai
- Department of Information Management, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi County, Taiwan.,Department of Emergency, Chiayi Branch, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Chiayi City, Taiwan
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15
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Huang IS, Tsai CH, Chen WJ, Cheng WM, Chiang CY, Kao WT, Huang EH, Huang W. Measuring individual ureteral length using computed tomography urography to determine the appropriate lengths of ureteral stents. Urol Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/uros.uros_68_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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16
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Barlow VL, Lai SJ, Chen CY, Tsai CH, Wu SH, Tsai YH. Effect of membrane fusion protein AdeT1 on the antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20464. [PMID: 33235243 PMCID: PMC7687900 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77339-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is a prevalent pathogen that can rapidly acquire resistance to antibiotics. Indeed, multidrug-resistant A. baumannii is a major cause of hospital-acquired infections and has been recognised by the World Health Organization as one of the most threatening bacteria to our society. Resistance-nodulation-division (RND) type multidrug efflux pumps have been demonstrated to convey antibiotic resistance to a wide range of pathogens and are the primary resistance mechanism employed by A. baumannii. A component of an RND pump in A. baumannii, AdeT1, was previously demonstrated to enhance the antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli. Here, we report the results of experiments which demonstrate that wild-type AdeT1 does not confer antimicrobial resistance in E. coli, highlighting the importance of verifying protein production when determining minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) especially by broth dilution. Nevertheless, using an agar-based MIC assay, we found that propionylation of Lys280 on AdeT1 renders E. coli cells more resistant to erythromycin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shu-Jung Lai
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yu Chen
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Han Tsai
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hsiung Wu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsuan Tsai
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
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17
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Chen YT, Ou Yang WT, Juang HH, Chen CL, Chen HW, Tsui KH, Chang YH, Tsai CH, Hsueh C, Liao WC. Proteomic characterization of arsenic and cadmium exposure in bladder cells. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2020; 34 Suppl 1:e8578. [PMID: 31499585 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Accumulating evidence has linked prolonged exposure to heavy metals to cancer occurrence in the urinary system. However, the specific biological mechanisms responsible for the association of heavy metals with the unusually high incidence of upper tract urothelial carcinoma in Taiwan are complex and incompletely understood. METHODS To elucidate the specific biological mechanism and identify molecular indicators of the unusually high association of upper tract urothelial carcinoma with heavy metal exposure, protein expression following the treatment of T24 human bladder carcinoma and RT4 human bladder papilloma cell line models with arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) was studied. Proteomic changes in these cell models were integrated with data from a human bladder cancer (BLCA) tissue proteome to identify possible protein indicators of heavy metal exposure. RESULTS After mass spectrometry based proteomic analysis and verification by Western blotting procedures, we identified 66 proteins that were up-regulated and 92 proteins that were down-regulated in RT4 cell extracts after treatment with As or Cd. Some 52 proteins were up-regulated and 136 proteins were down-regulated in T24 cell extracts after treatment with Cd. We further confirmed that down-expression of the PML (promyelocytic leukemia) protein was sustained for at least 75 days after exposure of bladder cells to As. Dysregulation of these cellular proteins by As was associated with three biological pathways. Immunohistochemical analyses of paraffin-embedded BLCA tissue slides confirmed that PML protein expression was decreased in BLCA tumor cells compared with adjacent noncancerous epithelial cells. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that PML may play an important role in the pathogenesis of BLCA and may be an indicator of heavy metal exposure in bladder cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ting Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ting Ou Yang
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Heng Juang
- Department of Urology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, TaoYuan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Lun Chen
- Department of Urology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Wei Chen
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ke-Hung Tsui
- Department of Urology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Hsu Chang
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, LinKou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Han Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chuen Hsueh
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chao Liao
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Center for General Education, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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18
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Lee YJ, Tsai CH, Chang CY. Abstract 893: The cofilin-TEAD1-p27Kip1 pathway ablates cell senescence. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2019-893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Morphological change is an explicit characteristic of cell senescence, but the underlying mechanisms remain to be addressed. Here we demonstrated, after a survey of various actin-binding proteins, that up-regulation of cofilin-1 was essential for the reduced rate of actin depolymerization in senescent cells, as well as their morphological enlargement . Additionally, the up-regulated cofilin-1 mainly existed in the serine-3 phosphorylated form according to the 2D gel immunoblotting assay. Accumulation of cofilin-1 in senescent cells depended on the post-translational mechanism, as the ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation of cofilin-1 was reduced without any change in mRNA level. Up-regulation of cofilin-1 was not only found in replicative senescence but also in oxidative stress- and K-Ras oncogene-induced senescence. Over-expression of wild-type cofilin-1 and constitutively phosphorylated cofilin-1 promoted cell senescence with increased cell size. Additionally, senescent phenotypes were reduced by knockdown of total cofilin-1. The senescence induced by over-expression of cofilin-1 was dependent on p27Kip1 but not p53 and p16INK4 expression. Knockdown of p27Kip1 alleviated cell senescence induced by oxidative stress or replicative stress. We also found that over-expression of cofilin-1 induced expression of p27Kip1 through transcriptional suppression of the TEAD1 transcription factor. The TEAD1 transcription factor played a transrepressive role on the p27Kip1 gene promoter as determined by the promoter deletion reporter gene assay. Interestingly, TEAD1 down-regulation was accompanied by up-regulation of cofilin-1 in senescence. Knockdown and restoration of TEAD1 in young cells and old cells could induce and inhibit p27Kip1 and cell senescence, respectively. Furthermore, senescence induced by the over-expression of cofilin-1 could be alleviated by ectopic expression of TEAD1. Taken together, current data suggest that cofilin-1/TEAD1/p27Kip1 signaling is involved in senescence-related morphological change and growth arrest.
Keywords: Cofilin-1, TEAD1, p27Kip1, morphology, growth arrest, senescence
Citation Format: Yi-Jang Lee, Cheng-Han Tsai, Chun-Yuan Chang. The cofilin-TEAD1-p27Kip1 pathway ablates cell senescence [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 893.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jang Lee
- National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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19
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Chen YT, Tsai CH, Chen CL, Yu JS, Chang YH. Development of biomarkers of genitourinary cancer using mass spectrometry-based clinical proteomics. J Food Drug Anal 2019; 27:387-403. [PMID: 30987711 PMCID: PMC9296213 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate, bladder and kidney cancer are the three most common types of genitourinary cancer in the world. Of these, prostate and bladder cancers are within the top 10 most common cancers in men. Notably, kidney cancer causes no obvious symptoms in the early stages. To satisfy clinical-management requirements, researchers have developed numerous biomarkers by applying proteomic approaches using clinical serum, urine and tissue specimens, as well as cell and animal models. Through application of biomarker pipeline protocols, including discovery, verification and validation phases, and mass-spectrometric based proteomic platforms coupled with multiplexed quantification assays, these studies have led to recent rapid progress in this area. With improvements in mass-spectrometric based proteomic techniques, numerous promising biomarker candidates and marker panels for various clinical purposes have been proposed. Verification of novel protein biomarker candidates is very resource demanding (e.g. on the clinical and laboratory sides). With the support of national consortia, it is now possible to investigate the future clinical use of such biomarker strategies and assess their cost-effectiveness in personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ting Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan,
Taiwan
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan,
Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan,
Taiwan
- Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taiwan University, Taoyuan,
Taiwan
- Corresponding author. Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Han Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan,
Taiwan
| | - Chien-Lun Chen
- Department of Urology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan,
Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan,
Taiwan
| | - Jau-Song Yu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan,
Taiwan
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan,
Taiwan
- Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou,
Taiwan
| | - Ying-Hsu Chang
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, LinKou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan,
Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan,
Taiwan
- Corresponding author. Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, LinKou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan. E-mail addresses: (Y.-T. Chen), (Y.-H. Chang)
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20
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Chiu CS, Tsai CH, Hsieh MS, Tsai SC, Jan YJ, Lin WY, Lai DW, Wu SM, Hsing HY, Arbiser JL, Sheu ML. Exploiting Honokiol-induced ER stress CHOP activation inhibits the growth and metastasis of melanoma by suppressing the MITF and β-catenin pathways. Cancer Lett 2019; 442:113-125. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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21
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Tsai CH, Wang PY, Lin IC, Huang H, Liu GS, Tseng CL. Ocular Drug Delivery: Role of Degradable Polymeric Nanocarriers for Ophthalmic Application. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2830. [PMID: 30235809 PMCID: PMC6164366 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocular drug delivery has been a major challenge for clinical pharmacologists and biomaterial scientists due to intricate and unique anatomical and physiological barriers in the eye. The critical requirement varies from anterior and posterior ocular segments from a drug delivery perspective. Recently, many new drugs with special formulations have been introduced for targeted delivery with modified methods and routes of drug administration to improve drug delivery efficacy. Current developments in nanoformulations of drug carrier systems have become a promising attribute to enhance drug retention/permeation and prolong drug release in ocular tissue. Biodegradable polymers have been explored as the base polymers to prepare nanocarriers for encasing existing drugs to enhance the therapeutic effect with better tissue adherence, prolonged drug action, improved bioavailability, decreased toxicity, and targeted delivery in eye. In this review, we summarized recent studies on sustained ocular drug/gene delivery and emphasized on the nanocarriers made by biodegradable polymers such as liposome, poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA), chitosan, and gelatin. Moreover, we discussed the bio-distribution of these nanocarriers in the ocular tissue and their therapeutic applications in various ocular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Han Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials & Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Peng-Yuan Wang
- Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia.
| | - I-Chan Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan.
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Hu Huang
- Aier Eye Institute; Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
| | - Guei-Sheung Liu
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia.
- Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Ching-Li Tseng
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials & Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- Institute of International PhD Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- International PhD Program in Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
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22
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Tsai CH, Chen YT, Chang YH, Hsueh C, Liu CY, Chang YS, Chen CL, Yu JS. Systematic verification of bladder cancer-associated tissue protein biomarker candidates in clinical urine specimens. Oncotarget 2018; 9:30731-30747. [PMID: 30112103 PMCID: PMC6089400 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer biomarkers currently approved by the Food and Drug Administration are insufficiently reliable for use in non-invasive clinical diagnosis. Verification/validation of numerous biomarker candidates for BC detection is a crucial bottleneck for novel biomarker development. A multiplexed liquid chromatography multiple-reaction-monitoring mass spectrometry assay of 122 proteins, including 118 up-regulated tissue proteins, two known bladder cancer biomarkers and two housekeeping gene products, was successfully established for protein quantification in clinical urine specimens. Quantification of 122 proteins was performed on a large cohort of urine specimens representing a variety of conditions, including 142 hernia, 126 bladder cancer, 67 hematuria, and 59 urinary tract infection samples. ANXA3 (annexin A3) and HSPE1 (heat shock protein family E member 1), which showed the highest detection frequency in bladder cancer samples, were selected for further validation. Western blotting showed that urinary ANXA3 and HSPE1 protein levels were higher in bladder cancer samples than in hernia samples, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays confirmed a higher urinary concentration of HSPE1 in bladder cancer than in hernia, hematuria and urinary tract infection. Immunohistochemical analyses showed significantly elevated levels of HSPE1 in tumor cells compared with non-cancerous bladder epithelial cells, suggesting that HSPE1 could be a useful tumor tissue marker for the specific detection of bladder cancer. Collectively, our findings provide valuable information for future validation of potential biomarkers for bladder cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Han Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Hsu Chang
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, LinKou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chuen Hsueh
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yi Liu
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, LinKou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Sun Chang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Lun Chen
- Department of Urology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jau-Song Yu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan.,Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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23
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Tsai CH, Fan YH, Lin AT. PD59-07 RISK FACTORS OF PHARMACOTHERAPY FOR STORAGE SYMPTOMS AFTER TRANSURETHRAL RESECTION OF THE PROSTATE IN PATIENTS WITH BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA. J Urol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2018.02.2807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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24
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Liao JH, Tsai CH, Patel SG, Yang JT, Tu IF, Lo Cicero M, Lipka-Lloyd M, Wu WL, Shen WJ, Ho MR, Chou CC, Sharma GR, Okanishi H, Luk LYP, Tsai YH, Wu SH. Acetylome of Acinetobacter baumannii SK17 Reveals a Highly-Conserved Modification of Histone-Like Protein HU. Front Mol Biosci 2017; 4:77. [PMID: 29230394 PMCID: PMC5711770 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2017.00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysine acetylation is a prevalent post-translational modification in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Whereas this modification is known to play pivotal roles in eukaryotes, the function and extent of this modification in prokaryotic cells remain largely unexplored. Here we report the acetylome of a pair of antibiotic-sensitive and -resistant nosocomial pathogen Acinetobacter baumannii SK17-S and SK17-R. A total of 145 lysine acetylation sites on 125 proteins was identified, and there are 23 acetylated proteins found in both strains, including histone-like protein HU which was found to be acetylated at Lys13. HU is a dimeric DNA-binding protein critical for maintaining chromosomal architecture and other DNA-dependent functions. To analyze the effects of site-specific acetylation, homogenously Lys13-acetylated HU protein, HU(K13ac) was prepared by genetic code expansion. Whilst not exerting an obvious effect on the oligomeric state, Lys13 acetylation alters both the thermal stability and DNA binding kinetics of HU. Accordingly, this modification likely destabilizes the chromosome structure and regulates bacterial gene transcription. This work indicates that acetyllysine plays an important role in bacterial epigenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahn-Haur Liao
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Han Tsai
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sanjay G Patel
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Jhih-Tian Yang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Ph.D. Program in Microbial Genomics, National Chung Hsing University, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Fan Tu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Matteo Lo Cicero
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | | | - Wan-Ling Wu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Jie Shen
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Ru Ho
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chi Chou
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Garima R Sharma
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.,Republic Polytechnic, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hiroki Okanishi
- Department of Tumor Genetics and Biology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Louis Y P Luk
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Yu-Hsuan Tsai
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Shih-Hsiung Wu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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25
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Nakazawa T, Liu SYV, Sakai Y, Araki KS, Tsai CH, Okuda N. Spatial genetic structure and body size divergence in endangered Gymnogobius isaza in ancient Lake Biwa. Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal 2017; 29:756-764. [PMID: 28745537 DOI: 10.1080/24701394.2017.1357708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Gymnogobius isaza is a freshwater goby endemic to ancient Lake Biwa, the largest lake in Japan. The species is now listed as 'Critically Endangered' in the Red Data Book of Japan. Nevertheless, it remains subject to fishing without any specific management strategies. Previous studies using mitochondrial DNA markers showed that this fish species has two cryptic lineages. However, little is known about spatial genetic structure and ecological differences across the broad lakescape. In this study, we collected fish samples at nine locations along the lakeshore during the breeding season and tested for the presence of spatial heterogeneity in the lineage's composition while measuring body size as the most fundamental biological trait. The results showed that the major lineage dominated all the sampling locations whereas the minor lineage consisted of only 11% (16/143) of samples. Furthermore, although their spatial distributions overlapped (i.e. the two lineages may be well mixed), we found it possible that the minor lineage may have a potentially narrower distribution than the major lineage. In addition, we found that the two lineages differ in body size; specifically, the minor lineage is smaller in size. From the viewpoint of genetic diversity conservation and sustainable resource use, this fish should be managed as two genetic stocks and spatial and/or body size-based fishery management is desirable, with particular attention to the minor (smaller sized) lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takefumi Nakazawa
- a Department of Life Sciences , National Cheng Kung University , Tainan , Taiwan
| | - Shang-Yin Vanson Liu
- b Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources , National Sun Yat-Sen University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
| | - Yoichiro Sakai
- c Lake Biwa Environmental Research Institute , Shiga , Japan
| | - Kiwako S Araki
- d Faculty of Life Sciences , Ristumeikan University , Shiga , Japan
| | - Cheng-Han Tsai
- e Australian Institute of Marine Science, School of Marine and Tropical Biology , James Cook University , Australia
| | - Noboru Okuda
- f Research Institute for Humanity and Nature , Kyoto , Japan
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26
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Chen YT, Chen HW, Wu CF, Chu LJ, Chiang WF, Wu CC, Yu JS, Tsai CH, Liang KH, Chang YS, Wu M, Ou Yang WT. Development of a Multiplexed Liquid Chromatography Multiple-Reaction-Monitoring Mass Spectrometry (LC-MRM/MS) Method for Evaluation of Salivary Proteins as Oral Cancer Biomarkers. Mol Cell Proteomics 2017; 16:799-811. [PMID: 28235782 PMCID: PMC5417822 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m116.064758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple (selected) reaction monitoring (MRM/SRM) of peptides is a growing technology for target protein quantification because it is more robust, precise, accurate, high-throughput, and multiplex-capable than antibody-based techniques. The technique has been applied clinically to the large-scale quantification of multiple target proteins in different types of fluids. However, previous MRM-based studies have placed less focus on sample-preparation workflow and analytical performance in the precise quantification of proteins in saliva, a noninvasively sampled body fluid. In this study, we evaluated the analytical performance of a simple and robust multiple reaction monitoring (MRM)-based targeted proteomics approach incorporating liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry detection (LC-MRM/MS). This platform was used to quantitatively assess the biomarker potential of a group of 56 salivary proteins that have previously been associated with human cancers. To further enhance the development of this technology for assay of salivary samples, we optimized the workflow for salivary protein digestion and evaluated quantification performance, robustness and technical limitations in analyzing clinical samples. Using a clinically well-characterized cohort of two independent clinical sample sets (total n = 119), we quantitatively characterized these protein biomarker candidates in saliva specimens from controls and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients. The results clearly showed a significant elevation of most targeted proteins in saliva samples from OSCC patients compared with controls. Overall, this platform was capable of assaying the most highly multiplexed panel of salivary protein biomarkers, highlighting the clinical utility of MRM in oral cancer biomarker research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ting Chen
- From the ‡Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan;
- §Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- ¶Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- ‖Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Wei Chen
- §Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Feng Wu
- §Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Lichieh Julie Chu
- §Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- **Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Fang Chiang
- ‡‡Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Taiwan
- §§School of Dentistry, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ching Wu
- §Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- ¶¶Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- ‖‖Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Jau-Song Yu
- §Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- ¶Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- **Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Han Tsai
- ¶Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kung-Hao Liang
- **Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Sun Chang
- §Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- ¶Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- ‖‖Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Maureen Wu
- §Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ting Ou Yang
- §Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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27
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Tsai CH, Fordyce RE. Archaic baleen whale from the Kokoamu Greensand: earbones distinguish a new late Oligocene mysticete (Cetacea: Mysticeti) from New Zealand. J R Soc N Z 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/03036758.2016.1156552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- CH Tsai
- Department of Geology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - RE Fordyce
- Department of Geology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Departments of Paleobiology and Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA
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28
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Chuang TL, Wang YF, Tsai CH, Chiu JE, Lee MS, Chiou WY, Lin HY, Tsai WT, Hung SK. Evaluation of salivary function by sialoscintigraphy in locally advanced nasopharyngeal cancer patients after intensity modulated radiotherapy. Indian J Cancer 2016; 52:398-401. [PMID: 26905151 DOI: 10.4103/0019-509x.176733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to evaluate the salivary gland function changes by sialoscintigraphy in locally advanced nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) after intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT). MATERIALS AND METHODS Salivary function was assessed by sialoscintigraphy. Quantitative sialoscintigraphy was performed in 24 NPC patients prior to and after IMRT. Results were categorized in four groups according to the duration of treatment. The sialoscintigraphy parameters were examined. RESULTS Sialoscintigraphy showed a significant difference in the secretion of each interval groups. The parameters of scintigraphy, except maximum accumulation (MA) of submandibular glands, decreased first after radiotherapy, and then recovered. However, the MA of submandibular glands was continuously downhill after radiation. CONCLUSIONS The sialoscintigraphy parameters of each gland changed with the different radiation dose and follow-up intervals. The salivary function was influenced after radiotherapy in locally advanced NPC, especially, in the submandibular gland. Strategies to improve the salivary function should be assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - S K Hung
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualian; Department of Radiation Oncology, Buddhist Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
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29
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Chen CL, Chung T, Wu CC, Ng KF, Yu JS, Tsai CH, Chang YS, Liang Y, Tsui KH, Chen YT. Novel bladder cancer biomarkers discovery by microdissected comparative tissue proteomics. Urological Science 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urols.2015.11.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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30
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Chen CL, Chung T, Wu CC, Ng KF, Yu JS, Tsai CH, Chang YS, Liang Y, Tsui KH, Chen YT. Comparative Tissue Proteomics of Microdissected Specimens Reveals Novel Candidate Biomarkers of Bladder Cancer. Mol Cell Proteomics 2015; 14:2466-78. [PMID: 26081836 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m115.051524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
More than 380,000 new cases of bladder cancer are diagnosed worldwide, accounting for ∼150,200 deaths each year. To discover potential biomarkers of bladder cancer, we employed a strategy combining laser microdissection, isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation labeling, and liquid chromatography-tandem MS (LC-MS/MS) analysis to profile proteomic changes in fresh-frozen bladder tumor specimens. Cellular proteins from four pairs of surgically resected primary bladder cancer tumor and adjacent nontumorous tissue were extracted for use in two batches of isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation experiments, which identified a total of 3220 proteins. A DAVID (database for annotation, visualization and integrated discovery) analysis of dysregulated proteins revealed that the three top-ranking biological processes were extracellular matrix organization, extracellular structure organization, and oxidation-reduction. Biological processes including response to organic substances, response to metal ions, and response to inorganic substances were highlighted by up-expressed proteins in bladder cancer. Seven differentially expressed proteins were selected as potential bladder cancer biomarkers for further verification. Immunohistochemical analyses showed significantly elevated levels of three proteins-SLC3A2, STMN1, and TAGLN2-in tumor cells compared with noncancerous bladder epithelial cells, and suggested that TAGLN2 could be a useful tumor tissue marker for diagnosis (AUC = 0.999) and evaluating lymph node metastasis in bladder cancer patients. ELISA results revealed significantly increased urinary levels of both STMN1 and TAGLN2 in bladder cancer subgroups compared with control groups. In comparisons with age-matched hernia urine specimens, urinary TAGLN2 in bladder cancer samples showed the largest fold change (7.13-fold), with an area-under-the-curve value of 0.70 (p < 0.001, n = 205). Overall, TAGLN2 showed the most significant overexpression in individual bladder cancer tissues and urine specimens, and thus represents a potential biomarker for noninvasive screening for bladder cancer. Our findings highlight the value of bladder tissue proteome in providing valuable information for future validation studies of potential biomarkers in urothelial carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Lun Chen
- From the ‡Department of Urology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; §School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ting Chung
- ¶Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ching Wu
- ¶Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; ‖Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kwai-Fong Ng
- **Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jau-Song Yu
- ¶Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; ‡‡Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Han Tsai
- ‡‡Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Sun Chang
- ¶Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; ‡‡Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ying Liang
- ¶Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ke-Hung Tsui
- From the ‡Department of Urology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; §School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Chen
- ¶Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; ‡‡Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; §§Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Tsai CH, Lin YC, Wiegand T, Nakazawa T, Su SH, Hsieh CH, Ding TS. Individual species-area relationship of woody plant communities in a heterogeneous subtropical monsoon rainforest. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124539. [PMID: 25884405 PMCID: PMC4401546 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The spatial structure of species richness is often characterized by the species-area relationship (SAR). However, the SAR approach rarely considers the spatial variability of individual plants that arises from species interactions and species' habitat associations. Here, we explored how the interactions of individual plants of target species influence SAR patterns at a range of neighborhood distances. We analyzed the data of 113,988 woody plants of 110 species from the Fushan Forest Dynamics Plot (25 ha), northern Taiwan, which is a subtropical rainforest heavily influenced by typhoons. We classified 34 dominant species into 3 species types (i.e., accumulator, repeller, or no effect) by testing how the individual species-area relationship (i.e., statistics describing how neighborhood species richness changes around individuals) of target species departs (i.e., positively, negatively, or with no obvious trend) from a null model that accounts for habitat association. Deviation from the null model suggests that the net effect of species' interactions increases (accumulate) or decreases (repel) neighborhood species richness. We found that (i) accumulators were dominant at small interaction distances (<10-30 m); (ii) the detection of accumulator species was lower at large interaction distances (>30 m); (iii) repellers were rarely detected; and (iv) large-sized and abundant species tended to be accumulators. The findings suggest that positive species interactions have the potential to accumulate neighborhood species richness, particularly through size- and density-dependent mechanisms. We hypothesized that the frequently disturbed environment of this subtropical rainforest (e.g., typhoon-driven natural disturbances such as landslides, soil erosion, flooding, and windthrow) might create the spatial heterogeneity of species richness and promote positive species interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Han Tsai
- School of Forestry and Resource Conservation, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ching Lin
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Thorsten Wiegand
- Department of Ecological Modelling, UFZ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Takefumi Nakazawa
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | | | - Chih-Hao Hsieh
- Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzung-Su Ding
- School of Forestry and Resource Conservation, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Tsai CH, Yen YH, Yang JPW. Finding of polysaccharide-peptide complexes in Cordyceps militaris and evaluation of its acetylcholinesterase inhibition activity. J Food Drug Anal 2015; 23:63-70. [PMID: 28911447 PMCID: PMC9351749 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2014.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition enhances learning and cognitive ability for treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Polysaccharide–peptide complexes were identified in Cordyceps militaris (CPSPs) and characterized for their AChE inhibitory properties. Three polymers (CPSP-F1, -F2, and -F3) were extracted and separated by ultrasound-assisted extraction and dieth-ylaminoethanol (DEAE)–Sepharose CL-6B column chromatography. Polysaccharide–peptide complexes were identified by DEAE–Sepharose CL-6B column chromatography and high-performance gel-filtration chromatography, Fourier transform infrared spectra, amino sugar composition analysis, and β-elimination reaction to identify polysaccharide–peptide bond categories. Separation of CPSP can increase AChE inhibitory activity from the crude poly-saccharide of C. militaris. CPSP-F1 and CPSP-F2 exhibited half maximal inhibitory concentrations of 32.2 ± 0.2 mg/mL and 5.3 ± 0.0 mg/mL. Thus, we identified polysaccharide–peptide complexes from C. militaris and suggest CPSP has great potential in AChE inhibition bioassay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Han Tsai
- Department of Bioindustry Technology, Da-Yeh University, Dacun Township, Changhun County 51591, Taiwan
| | - Yue-Horng Yen
- Department of Bioindustry Technology, Da-Yeh University, Dacun Township, Changhun County 51591, Taiwan
| | - John Po-Wen Yang
- Department of Bioindustry Technology, Da-Yeh University, Dacun Township, Changhun County 51591, Taiwan.
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Tsai CH, Lin LT, Wang CY, Chiu YW, Chou YT, Chiu SJ, Wang HE, Liu RS, Wu CY, Chan PC, Yang MH, Chiou SH, Liao MJ, Lee YJ. Over-expression of cofilin-1 suppressed growth and invasion of cancer cells is associated with up-regulation of let-7 microRNA. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1852:851-61. [PMID: 25597880 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cofilin-1, a non-muscle isoform of actin regulatory protein that belongs to the actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF)/cofilin family is known to affect cancer development. Previously, we found that over-expression of cofilin-1 suppressed the growth and invasion of human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells in vitro. In this study, we further investigated whether over-expression of cofilin-1 can suppress tumor growth in vivo, and performed a microRNA array analysis to better understand whether specific microRNA would be involved in this event. The results showed that over-expression of cofilin-1 suppressed NSCLC tumor growth using the xenograft tumor model with the non-invasive reporter gene imaging modalities. Additionally, cell motility and invasion were significantly suppressed by over-expressed cofilin-1, and down-regulation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) -1 and -3 was concomitantly detected. According to the microRNA array analysis, the let-7 family, particularly let-7b and let-7e, were apparently up-regulated among 248 microRNAs that were affected after over-expression of cofilin-1 up to 7 days. Knockdown of let-7b or let-7e using chemical locked nucleic acid (LNA) could recover the growth rate and the invasion of cofilin-1 over-expressing cells. Next, the expression of c-myc, LIN28 and Twist-1 proteins known to regulate let-7 were analyzed in cofilin-1 over-expressing cells, and Twist-1 was significantly suppressed under this condition. Up-regulation of let-7 microRNA by over-expressed cofilin-1 could be eliminated by co-transfected Twist-1 cDNA. Taken together, current data suggest that let-7 microRNA would be involved in over-expression of cofilin-1 mediated tumor suppression in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Han Tsai
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Ting Lin
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yih Wang
- Radiotherapy, Department of Medical Imaging, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wen Chiu
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ting Chou
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Jun Chiu
- Department of Life Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ell Wang
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ren-Shyan Liu
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Nuclear Medicine, National PET/Cyclotron Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Molecular and Genetic Imaging Core, Medical School, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yi Wu
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chia Chan
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Biophotonics & Molecular Imaging Research Center (BMIRC), National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Muh-Hwa Yang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hwa Chiou
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Man-Jyun Liao
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jang Lee
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Biophotonics & Molecular Imaging Research Center (BMIRC), National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Tsai CH, Miki T, Chang CW, Ishikawa K, Ichise S, Kumagai M, Hsieh CH. Phytoplankton functional group dynamics explain species abundance distribution in a directionally changing environment. Ecology 2014. [DOI: 10.1890/13-1946.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Tsai CH, Chiu SJ, Liu CC, Sheu TJ, Hsieh CH, Keng PC, Lee YJ. Regulated expression of cofilin and the consequent regulation of p27kip1 are essential for G1 phase progression. Cell Cycle 2014; 8:2365-74. [DOI: 10.4161/cc.8.15.9072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Lin ST, Tsai CH, Lee YJ, Lo CC, Chou YT. Abstract 2260: c-Myc induced senescence is dependent on transactivation of actin depolymerizing factor (ADF)/cofilin to mediate potent bystander effect. Cancer Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2014-2260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Oncogene-induced senescence may prevent unlimited proliferation and lead to cell death. This phenomenon is likely to be associated with up-regulation of p53 and p16INK4 tumor suppressor. Morphological transformation is also an important feature of senescence that exhibits enlarged cell volume and flat morphology. In this study, we found that c-Myc was co-upregulated with cofilin-1, an actin-binding protein essential for actin dynamics and morphological maintenance in replicative senescence. Additionally, oxidative stress induced senescent phenotypes also accompanied by up-regulation of both c-myc and cofilin-1. Knockdown of cofilin-1 was sufficient to minimize the cell shapes and senescence associated β-galactosidase marker that was induced by over-expressed c-myc or oxidative stress. Over-expression of cofilin-1 was also sufficient to induce senescence in the absence of p53 and p16INK4, but was unable to influence c-Myc level. On the other hand, over-expression of c-Myc could induce cofilin-1 expression. We next found that c-myc was able to induce the transactivation of cofilin-1 gene according to results of quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and luciferase reporter gene assay. Furthermore, the results of ChIP assay provided evidence that c-myc can bind to two proximal E-box elements nearby the transcriptional initiation on cofilin-1 gene promoter. Although c-myc promoted cellular senescence in vitro, the conditional medium from c-myc over-expressing A549 cells accelerated migration and proliferation in separate cultured cells without c-myc over-expression. Knockdown of cofilin-1 also alleviated this bystander effect caused by over-expression of c-myc. Therefore, c-myc oncogene may require cofilin-1 for cell senescence that influences the growth of other tumor cells. Taken together, current data provide evidence that c-myc/cofilin-1 signaling pathway is a novel mechanism on promoting oncogene-induced cellular senescence and tumor progression.
Citation Format: Shih-Ting Lin, Cheng-Han Tsai, Yi-Jang Lee, Chia-Chien Lo, Yen-Ting Chou. c-Myc induced senescence is dependent on transactivation of actin depolymerizing factor (ADF)/cofilin to mediate potent bystander effect. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2260. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2260
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yi-Jang Lee
- National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Wang HK, Tsai CH, Chen KH, Tang CT, Leou JS, Li PC, Tang YL, Hsieh HJ, Wu HC, Cheng CM. Cellulose-based diagnostic devices for diagnosing serotype-2 dengue fever in human serum. Adv Healthc Mater 2014; 3:187-96. [PMID: 23843297 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201300150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Here, two types of cellulose-based in vitro diagnostic devices are demonstrated for the diagnosis of dengue virus infection in both buffer system and human serum: 1) paper-based ELISA for providing the semiquantitative information of the disease activity of serotype-2 dengue fever to healthcare persons (i.e., monitoring the disease activity with a specific serotype in single patients); 2) lateral flow immunoassays to screen for infection with serotype-2 dengue fever (i.e., rapid YES or NO diagnosis prepared for large populations, in terms of global public health). Paper-based ELISA (specific to serotype-2 dengue fever), which builds off of our previous studies and a revised previous ELISA procedure, owns multiple advantages: 1) high sensitivity (about 40 times higher than the current ELISA-based approaches, due to our therapeutic-based monoclonal antibody) and specificity (specific to dengue virus serotype-2 nonstructural protein-1 antigens); 2) tiny amount of sample and reagent used for single tests; 3) short operating duration (i.e., rapid diagnostic device); and, 4) inexpensiveness (appropriate for use in all developing and underdeveloped nations of the world). Due to the higher sensitivity and shorter operating duration of paper-based ELISA (compared with conventional ELISA, and lateral flow immunoassays also performed in this study), this study has not only been able to perform the diagnosis of dengue virus serotype-2 nonstructural protein-1 antigens in both buffer system and human serum but also to evaluate dengue virus serotype-2 envelope proteins in the buffer system, thus successfully achieving the first such use of these proteins as the target antigen for the development of diagnostic tools. These results provide a more comprehensive understanding for the genesis of dengue fever diagnostic tools (through antibody-antigen recognition).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsi-Kai Wang
- Institute of Nanoengineering and Microsystems, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan; Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 128, Taiwan
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Chang YF, Chao CH, Lin LY, Tsai CH, Chou C, Lee YJ. Determination of urine cofilin-1 level in acute kidney injury using a high-throughput localized surface plasmon-coupled fluorescence biosensor. J Biomed Opt 2014; 19:011004. [PMID: 23788282 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.19.1.011004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF)/cofilin protein family has been reported to be associated with ischemia-induced renal disorders. We examine whether cofilin-1 is associated with acute kidney injury (AKI) using human urine samples. We exploited a 96-well based high-throughput biosensor that uses gold nanoparticles and a sandwich immunoassay to detect the urine cofilin-1 level of AKI patients. The mean urine cofilin-1 level of the AKI patients (n=37 from 47 cases analyzed) was twofold higher than that of healthy adults (n=21 from 29 cases analyzed). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed that cofilin-1 was acceptable for discriminating AKI patients from healthy adults. However, an increase of the sample size is required to conclude the importance of urine cofilin-1 on AKI diagnosis, and the high-throughput ultrasensitive biosensor used in this study would greatly accelerate the measurement of urine cofilin-1 in an increased sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Feng Chang
- Chang Gung University, Molecular Medicine Research Center, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
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Dittrich T, Macor L, Gervaldo M, Fungo F, Otero L, Lin CY, Chi LC, Fang FC, Lii SW, Wong KT, Tsai CH, Wu CC. Charge separation in donor-acceptor spiro compounds at metal and metal oxide surfaces investigated by surface photovoltage. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2013; 13:5158-5163. [PMID: 23901546 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2013.7506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Molecules with donor (diphenylamine) and acceptor moieties (dicyano or cyanoacrylic acid moieties) were linked by fluorene or spirobisfluorene cores and the chain length has been changed by introducing a thiophene group between fluorene and diphenylamine. Four different kinds of fluorene and spirobisfluorene compounds were adsorbed from highly diluted solutions at ultra-thin nanoporous TiO2 (np-TiO2), Au and ITO surfaces. Charge separation has been investigated by surface photovoltage spectroscopy in the fixed capacitor and Kelvin probe arrangements in vacuum. Striking differences between the interaction of linking (dicyano or cyanoacrylic moieties) and different substrates were observed. Intra-molecular charge separation and electron injection have been distinguished and the directed adsorption of spiro compounds was deduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Th Dittrich
- Helmholtz Center Berlin for Materials and Energy, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, D-14109 Berlin, Germany
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Liu HP, Lin WY, Wang WF, Tsai CH, Wu WC, Chiou MT, Shen CP, Wu BT, Tsai FJ. Genetic variability in copper-transporting P-type adenosine triphosphatase (ATP7B) is associated with Alzheimer's disease in a Chinese population. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2013; 27:319-327. [PMID: 23830383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Previous experiments demonstrated that transgenic mice carrying both amyloid precursor protein and mutant ATP7B transgenes reduce amyloid plaques and diminish plasma Abeta levels. These experiments showed that a structural change of ATP7B may affect Alzheimers disease (AD) susceptibility. In this study three missense SNPs in ATP7B gene (rs1801243, rs1801244, and rs1801249) were chosen to test whether they were associated with AD. We tested this hypothesis using a case control design. The experimental data showed that there was a significant deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) for SNP rs1801249 (c.3419 T greater than C, Val1140Ala) in the case group (p = 0.014) but not in the control group and that there was an association between SNP rs1801249 and AD under a recessive model (p = 0.003). The data also showed that the genotype frequency distribution of the ATP7B c.1366 G greater than C polymorphism (rs1801244, Val456Leu) differed significantly between the AD patients and the normal subjects (p = 0.012). In addition, the frequency of the TGC haplotype of SNPs rs1801243, rs1801244, and rs1801249 was significantly higher in the AD patients compared with the normal subjects (p = 8.49×10-7). These observations suggested that genetic variations in the copper transporter gene ATP7B might contribute to AD pathogenesis in the Taiwanese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- H P Liu
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Leu JD, Chiu YW, Lo CC, Chiang PH, Chiu SJ, Tsai CH, Hwang JJ, Chen RC, Gorbunova V, Lee YJ. Enhanced cellular radiosensitivity induced by cofilin-1 over-expression is associated with reduced DNA repair capacity. Int J Radiat Biol 2013; 89:433-44. [PMID: 23362981 DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2013.767992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A previous report has indicated that over-expression of cofilin-1 (CFL-1), a member of the actin depolymerizing factor (ADF)/cofilin protein family, enhances cellular radiosensitivity. This study explores the involvement of various DNA damage responses and repair systems in the enhanced cellular radiosensitivity as well as assessing the role of CFL-1 phosphorylation in radiosensitivity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human non-small lung cancer H1299 cells harboring a tet-on gene expression system were used to induce exogenous expression of wild-type CFL-1. Colony formation assays were used to determine cell survival after γ-ray exposure. DNA damage levels were determined by Comet assay. DNA repair capacity was assessed by fluorescence-based DNA repair analysis and antibody detection of various repair proteins. The effects of CFL-1 phosphorylation on radiation responses were explored using two mutant CFL-1 proteins, S3D and S3A. Finally, endogenous CFL-1 phosphorylation levels were investigated using latrunculin A (LA), cytochalasin B (CB) and Y27632. RESULTS When phosphorylatable CFL-1 was expressed, radiosensitivity was enhanced after exposure to γ-rays and this was accompanied by DNA damage. Phosphorylated histone H2AX (γ-H2AX) and p53-binding protein-1 (53BP1) foci, as well as Chk1/2 phosphorylation, were apparently suppressed, although ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase activation was apparently unaffected. In addition, two radiation-induced double-strand break (DSB) repair systems, namely homologous recombination repair (HRR) and non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), were suppressed. Moreover, over-expression of CFL-1 S3D and CFL-1 S3A both enhanced radiosensitivity. However, enhanced radiosensitivity and reduced γ-H2AX expression were only detected in cells treated with LA which increased endogenous phospho-CFL-1, and not in cells treated with Y27632, which dephosphorylates CFL-1. CONCLUSION CFL-1 over-expression enhances radiosensitivity and this is associated with reduced DNA repair capacity. Although phosphorylated CFL-1 seems to be involved in radiosensitivity, further studies are required to address the importance of CFL-1 activity to the regulation of radiosensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyh-Der Leu
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Taipei City Hospital RenAi Branch , Taipei
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Briones JC, Tsai CH, Nakazawa T, Sakai Y, Papa RDS, Hsieh CH, Okuda N. Long-term changes in the diet of Gymnogobius isaza from Lake Biwa, Japan: effects of body size and environmental prey availability. PLoS One 2012; 7:e53167. [PMID: 23285262 PMCID: PMC3532214 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Body size and environmental prey availability are both key factors determining feeding habits of gape-limited fish predators. However, our understanding of their interactive or relative effects is still limited. In this study, we performed quantitative dietary analysis of different body sizes of goby (Gymnogobius isaza) specimens collected from Lake Biwa between 1962 and 2004. First, we report that the diet was composed mainly of zooplankton (cladocerans and copepods) before the 1980s, and thereafter, shifted to zoobenthos (gammarids). This foraging shift coincided with, and thus can be linked to, known historical events in the lake at that time: decrease in zooplankton abundance with the alleviation of eutrophication, increase in fish body size resulting from fish population collapse, and increase in gammarid abundance due to reduced fish predation pressure. Supporting this view, our data analyses revealed how the long-term changes in the diet composition would be co-mediated by changes in fish body size and environmental prey availability. Specifically, while zoobenthos abundance strongly affected the fish diet composition, larger (smaller) fish preferred zoobenthos (zooplankton). Furthermore, the body size effects were stronger than those of prey availability. These results provide the best long-term evidence that fish feeding habits vary over decades with its body size and prey community due to anthropogenic disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cheng-Han Tsai
- Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Takefumi Nakazawa
- Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Otsu, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Yoichiro Sakai
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Otsu, Japan
| | - Rey Donne S. Papa
- Department of Biological Sciences and Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
| | - Chih-hao Hsieh
- Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Noboru Okuda
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Otsu, Japan
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Chen CL, Lai YF, Tang P, Chien KY, Yu JS, Tsai CH, Chen HW, Wu CC, Chung T, Hsu CW, Chen CD, Chang YS, Chang PL, Chen YT. Comparative and targeted proteomic analyses of urinary microparticles from bladder cancer and hernia patients. J Proteome Res 2012; 11:5611-29. [PMID: 23082778 DOI: 10.1021/pr3008732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bladder cancer is a common urologic cancer whose incidence continues to rise annually. Urinary microparticles are an attractive material for noninvasive bladder cancer biomarker discovery. In this study, we applied isotopic dimethylation labeling coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to discover bladder cancer biomarkers in urinary microparticles isolated from hernia (control) and bladder cancer patients. This approach identified 2964 proteins based on more than two distinct peptides, of which 2058 had not previously been reported as constituents of human urine exosomes/microparticles. A total of 107 differentially expressed proteins were identified as candidate biomarkers. Differences in the concentrations of 29 proteins (41 signature peptides) were precisely quantified by LC-MRM/MS in 48 urine samples of bladder cancer, hernia, and urinary tract infection/hematuria. Concentrations of 24 proteins changed significantly (p<0.05) between bladder cancer (n=28) and hernia (n=12), with area-under-the-curve values ranging from 0.702 to 0.896. Finally, we quantified tumor-associated calcium-signal transducer 2 (TACSTD2) in raw urine specimens (n=221) using a commercial ELISA and confirmed its potential value for diagnosis of bladder cancer. Our study reveals a strong association of TACSTD2 with bladder cancer and highlights the potential of human urinary microparticles in the noninvasive diagnosis of bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Lun Chen
- Chang Gung Bioinformatics Center, Department of Urology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, and Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
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Lin WY, Wu BT, Lee CC, Sheu JJ, Liu SH, Wang WF, Tsai CH, Liu HP, Tsai FJ. Association analysis of dopaminergic gene variants (Comt, Drd4 And Dat1) with Alzheimer s disease. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2012; 26:401-410. [PMID: 23034259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Defects in dopaminergic transmission play important roles in the disturbance of synaptic plasticity and even in advanced cognitive behavior. However, the relationship between genes involved in the regulation of dopamine levels and predisposition for Alzheimer s disease (AD) remains unclear. The potential association of dopamine-modulating gene polymorphisms with AD was evaluated. We performed a case-control study with 120 patients and 86 healthy controls. Two catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs2020917 and rs4646312), two dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) SNPs (rs3758653 and rs916455), and four dopamine transporter (DAT1) SNPs (rs2937639, rs6347, rs12516948 and rs11133762) were investigated. The T allele at the DRD4 SNP (rs3758653) was found to be significantly associated with AD. Our results also showed that haplotype frequencies, observed from the analyzed SNPs, were distributed significantly differently in AD patients vs control subjects. Moreover, a strong association was observed between the A allele at rs6347 of DAT1 and moderate stage of dementia. These observations suggest that genetic variations in the dopamine-modulating genes, COMT, DRD4 and DAT1, may contribute to AD pathogenesis in the Taiwanese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Y Lin
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Hung TC, Lu SK, Su CH, Wu YJ, Hsieh CL, Lee WH, Tsai CH, Yeh HI. Remodeling of rabbit abdominal aorta and Cx43 gap junctions after stent placement: effect of balloon injury plus cholesterol-enriched diet. INT ANGIOL 2012; 31:62-69. [PMID: 22330626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
AIM To examine the effect of stenting and cholesterol-enriched diet (CED) on vascular remodeling, including the expression of connexin43 (Cx43) gap junctions in smooth muscle cells (SMC). METHODS Rabbits abdominal aortae were either implanted stent made of 316 stainless steel (group 1) or denuded followed by stent placement 28 days later (groups 2 and 3). Animals were given normal chow except those of group 3, which were fed CED after the denudation. Eight weeks later, the development of neointima and the expression of connexin43 (Cx43) were examined. In parallel, human aortic SMC were grown on 316 stainless steel or treated with C-reactive protein (CRP) followed by analysis of Cx43. RESULTS The results showed that, serum CRP levels became transiently elevated after denudation and stent implantation. For the stented aortic segments, the dimensions of neointima were group 3 > group 2 > group 1 (P<0.05). In groups 1 and 2, Cx43 gap junctions are less in amount in neointima of the stented segment, compared to the unstented upstream neointima or medial layer (all P<0.01). In culture experiments, Cx43 in SMC grown on stent material was up-regulated in growth medium but down-regulated in differentiation medium, and CRP did not affect Cx43 expression. CONCLUSION Vascular remodeling post stent implantation varied according to the presence of balloon injury, CED, or both. Cx43 expression in SMC is altered after exposure to stent and the regulation depended on the milieu.
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MESH Headings
- Angioplasty, Balloon/instrumentation
- Animals
- Aorta, Abdominal/injuries
- Aorta, Abdominal/metabolism
- Aorta, Abdominal/pathology
- C-Reactive Protein/metabolism
- Cell Culture Techniques
- Cells, Cultured
- Cholesterol, Dietary/blood
- Connexin 43/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Gap Junctions/metabolism
- Gap Junctions/pathology
- Hypercholesterolemia/blood
- Hypercholesterolemia/complications
- Hypercholesterolemia/etiology
- Male
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/injuries
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Neointima/etiology
- Neointima/metabolism
- Neointima/pathology
- Prosthesis Design
- Rabbits
- Stainless Steel
- Stents
- Time Factors
- Vascular System Injuries/etiology
- Vascular System Injuries/metabolism
- Vascular System Injuries/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- T C Hung
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Chung KM, Huang CH, Cheng JH, Tsai CH, Suen CS, Hwang MJ, Chen X. Proline in transmembrane domain of type II protein DPP-IV governs its translocation behavior through endoplasmic reticulum. Biochemistry 2011; 50:7909-18. [PMID: 21834515 DOI: 10.1021/bi200605h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A transmembrane domain (TMD) at the N-terminus of a membrane protein is a signal sequence that targets the protein to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. Proline is found more frequently in TM helices compared to water-soluble helices. To investigate the effects of proline on protein translocation and integration in mammalian cells, we made proline substitutions throughout the TMD of dipeptidyl peptidase IV, a type II membrane protease with a single TMD at its N-terminus. The proteins were expressed and their capacities for targeting and integrating into the membrane were measured in both mammalian cells and in vitro translation systems. Three proline substitutions in the central region of the TMD resulted in various defects in membrane targeting and/or integration. The replacement of proline with other amino acids of similar hydrophobicity rescued both the translocation and anchoring defects of all three proline mutants, indicating that conformational change caused by proline is a determining factor. Increasing hydrophobicity of the TMD by replacing other residues with more hydrophobic residues also effectively reversed the translocation and integration defects. Intriguingly, increasing hydrophobicity at the C-terminal end of the TMD rescued much more effectively than it did at the N-terminal end. Thus, the effect of proline on translocation and integration of the TMD is not determined solely by its conformation and hydrophobicity, but also by the location of proline in the TMD, the location of highly hydrophobic residues, and the relative position of the proline to other proline residues in the TMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuei-Min Chung
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan, ROC
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Wei PC, Tsai CH, Chiu PS, Lai SC. Matrix metalloproteinase-12 leads to elastin degradation in BALB/c mice with eosinophilic meningitis caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis. Int J Parasitol 2011; 41:1175-83. [PMID: 21856305 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2011.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2011] [Revised: 07/07/2011] [Accepted: 07/08/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The rat lugworm Angiostrongylus cantonensis can cause eosinophilic meningitis. The purpose of this study was to determine whether matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-12 and its substrate elastin participate in this inflammatory response. We showed that the MMP-12/tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 ratio was significantly increased in the CSF of A. cantonensis-infected mice from day 10 p.i., and reached high levels on days 20 and 25 p.i. MMP-12 production was correlated with elastin degradation, eosinophil count, blood-CSF barrier permeability and pathological changes in the subarachnoid space. Also, MMP-12 might contribute to elastin degradation in the meningeal vessel of the subarachnoid space. Simultaneous administration of albendazole and doxycycline significantly reduced the levels of MMP-12, elastin and Evans blue in mice with meningitis. These results imply that MMP-12 contributes to the elastin degradation that occurs in angiostrongyliasis meningitis, and doxycycline can reverse related inflammatory events by inhibition of MMP-12.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Wei
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
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Tsai CH, Lin LT, Chou YT, Lee YJ. Abstract 1243: Cofilin mediates actin destabilization and shape change in replicative senescence and stress-induced premature senescence. Cancer Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2011-1243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Cellular senescence is an irreversible growth arrest mechanism that prevents indefinite proliferation of mammalian cells. Change of morphology is a common characteristic of senescent cells, while the underlying mechanism has not been completely addressed. In this study, we found that the flattened and enlarged cell shape in aged WI-38 fibroblast was accompanied by reduced actin cytoskeletal organization and up-regulated cofilin-1, a member of actin depolymerization factor family. Up-regulation of cofilin-1 was also detected in various tissues (lung, kidney, heart and liver) of one-year old BALB/c mice compared to that of 6-week old mice. Forced expression of cofilin-1 in early passaged cells accelerated senescence, while knockdown of cofilin-1 in late passaged cells inhibited senescence. Hydrogen peroxide mediated stress-induced premature senescence (SIPS) also induced cofilin-1 in human lung cancer cell lines, and this phenomenon was suppressed by knockdown of cofilin-1. Up-regulation of cofilin-1 in SIPS was independent of p53, while p27kip1 was essential for cofilin-1 induced senescence. Knockdown of p27kip1 in cells treated with hydrogen peroxide or in that with over-expressed cofilin alleviated senescence. Moreover, forced expression of cofilin-1 was sufficient to induce senescence in human lung cancer cells and repress the growth of xenograft tumor in NOD-SCID mice. Taken together, we found that cofilin-1 is able to mediate the cell senescence that is important for repressing the cancer development.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1243. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1243
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yi-Jang Lee
- 1National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Chung KM, Cheng JH, Suen CS, Huang CH, Tsai CH, Huang LH, Chen YR, Wang AHJ, Jiaang WT, Hwang MJ, Chen X. The dimeric transmembrane domain of prolyl dipeptidase DPP-IV contributes to its quaternary structure and enzymatic activities. Protein Sci 2011; 19:1627-38. [PMID: 20572019 DOI: 10.1002/pro.443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) is a drug target in the treatment of human type II diabetes. It is a type II membrane protein with a single transmembrane domain (TMD) anchoring the extracellular catalytic domain to the membrane. DPP-IV is active as a dimer, with two dimer interacting surfaces located extracellularly. In this study, we demonstrate that the TM of DPP-IV promotes DPP-IV dimerization and rescues monomeric DPP-IV mutants into partial dimers, which is specific and irreplaceable by TMs of other type II membrane proteins. By bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) and peptide electrophoresis, we found that the TM domain of DPP-IV is dimerized in mammalian cells and in vitro. The TM dimer interaction is very stable, based on our results with TM site-directed mutagenesis. None of the mutations, including the introduction of two prolines, resulted in their complete disruption to monomers. However, these TM proline mutations result in a significant reduction of DPP-IV enzymatic activity, comparable to what is found with mutations near the active site. A systematic analysis of TM structures deposited in the Protein Data Bank showed that prolines in the TM generally produce much bigger kinking angles than occur in nonproline-containing TMs. Thus, the proline-dependent reduction in enzyme activity may result from propagated conformational changes from the TM to the extracellular active site. Our results demonstrate that TM dimerization and conformation contribute significantly to the structure and activity of DPP-IV. Optimal enzymatic activity of DPP-IV requires an optimal interaction of all three dimer interfaces, including its TM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuei-Min Chung
- Division of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhu Nan town, Miaoli County, Taiwan, Republic of China
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