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Measurement of Fumonisins in Maize Using a Portable Mass Spectrometer. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14080523. [PMID: 36006185 PMCID: PMC9412256 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14080523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Fumonisins are a group of mycotoxins that routinely contaminate maize. Their presence is monitored at multiple stages from harvest to final product. Immunoassays are routinely used to screen commodities in the field while laboratory-based methods, such as mass spectrometry (MS), are used for confirmation. The use of a portable mass spectrometer unlocks the potential to conduct confirmatory analyses outside of traditional laboratories. Herein, a portable mass spectrometer was used to measure fumonisins in maize. Samples were extracted with aqueous methanol, cleaned up on an immunoaffinity column, and tested with the portable MS. The limits of detection were 0.15, 0.19, and 0.28 mg/kg maize for fumonisins B1 (FB1), FB2/FB3, and total fumonisins, respectively. The corresponding limits of quantitation in maize were 0.33, 0.59, and 0.74 mg/kg. Recoveries ranged from 93.6% to 108.6%. However, RSDs ranged from 12.0 to 29.8%. The method was applied to the detection of fumonisins in 64 samples of maize collected as part of the Illinois Department of Agriculture’s monitoring program. Good correlations were observed between the portable MS and a laboratory-based LC-MS method (r2 from 0.9132 to 0.9481). Results suggest the portable MS can be applied to the measurement of fumonisins in maize at levels relevant to international regulations.
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Tardieu D, Travel A, Metayer JP, Le Bourhis C, Guerre P. Fumonisin B1, B2 and B3 in Muscle and Liver of Broiler Chickens and Turkey Poults Fed with Diets Containing Fusariotoxins at the EU Maximum Tolerable Level. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:E590. [PMID: 31614665 PMCID: PMC6832716 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11100590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although provisional maximum tolerable daily intake and recommended guidelines have been established for fumonisins (FB) in food, few data are available concerning levels of FB in edible animal tissues. Such data are of particular interest in avian species that can tolerate relatively high levels of fumonisins in their feed. Also, even if multiple contamination of animal feed by toxins produced by Fusarium is very frequent, little is known about the consequences of multiple contamination for FB levels in tissues. The aim of this study was to analyze the concentrations of FB in the muscle and liver of chickens and turkeys fed with FB alone and with FB combined with deoxynivalenol (DON), and with zearalenone (ZEN). Experimental diets were formulated by incorporating ground cultured toxigenic Fusarium strains in corn-soybean based feeds. Control diets were free of mycotoxins, FB diets contained 20 mg FB1+FB2/kg, and FBDONZEN diets contained 20, 5, and 0.5 mg/kg of FB1+FB2, DON, and ZEN, respectively. Animals were reared in individual cages with free access to water and feed. The feed was distributed to male Ross chickens from the 1st to the 35th day of age and to male Grade Maker turkeys from the 55th to the 70th day of age. On the last day of the study, the birds were starved for eight hours, killed, and autopsied for tissues sampling. No sign of toxicity was observed. A UHPLC-MS/MS method with isotopic dilution and immunoaffinity clean-up of samples has been developed for analysis of FB in muscle (n = 8 per diet) and liver (n = 8 per diet). Only traces of FB that were below the LOQ of 0.25 µg/kg were found in most of the samples of animals fed with the control diets. Mean concentrations of FB1, FB2, and FB3 in muscle were 17.5, 3.39, and 1.26 µg/kg, respectively, in chickens, and 5.77, 1.52, and 0.54 µg/kg in turkeys, respectively. In the liver, the respective FB1, FB2, and FB3 concentrations were 44.7, 2.61, and 0.79 µg/kg in chickens, and 41.47, 4.23, and 1.41 µg/kg, in turkeys. Cumulated level of FB1+FB2+FB3 in the highly contaminated samples were above 60 and 100 µg/kg in muscle and liver, respectively. The concentrations of FB in the tissues of animals fed the FBDONZEN diet did not greatly differ from the concentrations measured in animals fed the diet containing only FB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didier Tardieu
- Université de Toulouse, INP, ENVT, UR Mycotoxicologie, F-31076 Toulouse, France.
| | | | - Jean-Paul Metayer
- ARVALIS-Institut du Végétal, Station expérimentale, 91720 Boigneville, France.
| | - Celeste Le Bourhis
- INRA Unité Expérimentale 1295 PEAT, Centre INRA Val de Loire, 37380 Nouzilly, France.
| | - Philippe Guerre
- Université de Toulouse, INP, ENVT, UR Mycotoxicologie, F-31076 Toulouse, France.
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Peltomaa R, Agudo-Maestro I, Más V, Barderas R, Benito-Peña E, Moreno-Bondi MC. Development and comparison of mimotope-based immunoassays for the analysis of fumonisin B1. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:6801-6811. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-02068-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Damiani T, Righetti L, Suman M, Galaverna G, Dall’Asta C. Analytical issue related to fumonisins: A matter of sample comminution? Food Control 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Peltomaa R, Benito-Peña E, Moreno-Bondi MC. Bioinspired recognition elements for mycotoxin sensors. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 410:747-771. [PMID: 29127461 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0701-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mycotoxins are low molecular weight molecules produced as secondary metabolites by filamentous fungi that can be found as natural contaminants in many foods and feeds. These toxins have been shown to have adverse effects on both human and animal health, and are the cause of significant economic losses worldwide. Sensors for mycotoxin analysis have traditionally applied elements of biological origin for the selective recognition purposes. However, since the 1970s there has been an exponential growth in the use of genetically engineered or synthetic biomimetic recognition elements that allow some of the limitations associated with the use of natural receptors for the analyses of these toxins to be circumvented. This review provides an overview of recent advances in the application of bioinspired recognition elements, including recombinant antibodies, peptides, aptamers, and molecularly imprinted polymers, to the development of sensors for mycotoxins based on different transduction elements. Graphical abstract Novel analytical methods based on bioinspired recognition elements, such as recombinant antibodies, peptides, aptamers, and molecularly imprinted polymers, can improve the detection of mycotoxins and provide better tools than their natural counterparts to ensure food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riikka Peltomaa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Av. Complutense s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Benito-Peña
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Av. Complutense s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - María C Moreno-Bondi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Av. Complutense s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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Peltomaa R, Benito-Peña E, Barderas R, Sauer U, González Andrade M, Moreno-Bondi MC. Microarray-Based Immunoassay with Synthetic Mimotopes for the Detection of Fumonisin B1. Anal Chem 2017; 89:6216-6223. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b01178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ursula Sauer
- Center
for Health and Bioresources, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Martin González Andrade
- Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán D.F., México
City 04510, México
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Disposable and reliable electrochemical magnetoimmunosensor for Fumonisins simplified determination in maize-based foodstuffs. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 64:633-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.09.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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De Girolamo A, Lattanzio VMT, Schena R, Visconti A, Pascale M. Use of liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry for isolation and characterization of hydrolyzed fumonisins and relevant analysis in maize-based products. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2014; 49:297-305. [PMID: 24719345 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of partially hydrolyzed fumonisins (PHFB1 and PHFB2) and hydrolyzed fumonisins (HFB1 and HFB2) by chemical hydrolysis of pure fumonisins (FB1 and FB2) is reported together with the isolation and characterization by liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). Two structural isomers of partially hydrolyzed forms of FB1 and FB2 were identified, namely PHFB(1a) and PHFB(1b) and PHFB(2a) and PHFB(2b). Reaction yields were 21% for PHFB1 (sum of the two isomers), 52% for HFB1, 31% for PHFB2 (sum of the two isomers) and 30% for HFB2. Purity of each isolated compound was >98%. An LC-HRMS method for the simultaneous determination of fumonisins and their partially and totally hydrolyzed derivatives was applied to 24 naturally contaminated samples of maize and maize-based products. The majority of samples (18 out of 24) were contaminated with fumonisins B1 and B2. Fumonisins co-occurred with both partially hydrolyzed and hydrolyzed fumonisins in four nixtamalized samples (three masa flours and one tortilla chips). Co-occurrence of fumonisins with partially hydrolyzed fumonisins was also recorded in one sample of maize kernels and four samples of maize-based products (i.e. maize meal, cous-cous, corn-cakes and cornflakes). Mycotoxins levels ranged from 60 to 5700 µg/kg for fumonisins (sum of FB1 and FB2), from 10 to 210 µg/kg for partially hydrolyzed fumonisins (sum of PHFB1 and PHFB2) and from 30 to 200 µg/kg for hydrolyzed fumonisins (sum of HFB1 and HFB2). This is the first report of the isolation of PHFB2 and the co-occurrence of FB1, FB2, PHFB1, PHFB2, HFB1 and HFB2 in maize products. Considering the growing use of nixtamalized and maize-based products, the monitoring of fumonisins and their partially and totally hydrolyzed forms in these products may represent an important contributing factor in evaluating the relevant human risk exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa De Girolamo
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), National Research Council of Italy, Via G. Amendola 122/O, 70126, Bari, Italy
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Solfrizzo M, De Girolamo A, Lattanzio V, Visconti A, Stroka J, Alldrick A, van Egmond H. Results of a proficiency test for multi-mycotoxin determination in maize by using methods based on LC-MS/(MS). QUALITY ASSURANCE AND SAFETY OF CROPS & FOODS 2013. [DOI: 10.3920/qas2012.0140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Solfrizzo
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Sciences of Food Production (CNR-ISPA), Via Amendola 122/o, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - A. De Girolamo
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Sciences of Food Production (CNR-ISPA), Via Amendola 122/o, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - V.M.T. Lattanzio
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Sciences of Food Production (CNR-ISPA), Via Amendola 122/o, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - A. Visconti
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Sciences of Food Production (CNR-ISPA), Via Amendola 122/o, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - J. Stroka
- European Commission, DG Joint Research Centre (JRC), Food Safety & Quality Unit, Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements (IRMM), Retieseweg 111, 2440 Geel, Belgium
| | - A. Alldrick
- Campden BRI, Station Road, Chipping Campden, GL55 6LD, United Kingdom
| | - H.P. van Egmond
- Cluster Natural Toxins and Pesticides, RIKILT Institute of Food Safety, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, the Netherlands
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Shephard G, Berthiller F, Burdaspal P, Crews C, Jonker M, Krska R, Lattanzio V, MacDonald S, Malone R, Maragos C, Sabino M, Solfrizzo M, van Egmond H, Whitaker T. Developments in mycotoxin analysis: an update for 2011-2012. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2013. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2012.1492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights developments in mycotoxin analysis and sampling over a period between mid-2011 and mid- 2012. It covers the major mycotoxins aflatoxins, Alternaria toxins, ergot alkaloids, fumonisins, ochratoxin, patulin, trichothecenes, and zearalenone. A section on mycotoxins in botanicals and spices is also included. Methods for mycotoxin determination continue to be developed using a wide range of analytical systems ranging from rapid immunochemical-based methods to the latest advances in mass spectrometry. This review follows the format of previous reviews in this series (i.e. sections on individual mycotoxins), but due to the rapid spread and developments in the field of multimycotoxin methods by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, a separate section has been devoted to advances in this area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- G.S. Shephard
- PROMEC Unit, Medical Research Council, P.O. Box 19070, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
| | - F. Berthiller
- Department for Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), Center for Analytical Chemistry, Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mycotoxin-Metabolism and Center for Analytical Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Konrad Lorenz Strasse 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - P.A. Burdaspal
- Spanish Food Safety and Nutrition Agency, National Centre for Food, km 5.100, 28220 Majadahonda (Madrid), Spain
| | - C. Crews
- The Food and Environment Research Agency, Sand Hutton, York YO41 1LZ, United Kingdom
| | - M.A. Jonker
- Cluster Natural Toxins and Pesticides, RIKILT Institute of Food Safety, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - R. Krska
- Department for Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), Center for Analytical Chemistry, Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mycotoxin-Metabolism and Center for Analytical Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Konrad Lorenz Strasse 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - V.M.T. Lattanzio
- National Research Council, Institute of Sciences of Food Production, Via Amendola 122/o, 700126 Bari, Italy
| | - S. MacDonald
- The Food and Environment Research Agency, Sand Hutton, York YO41 1LZ, United Kingdom
| | - R.J. Malone
- Trilogy Analytical Laboratory, 870 Vossbrink Drive, Washington, MO 63090, USA
| | - C. Maragos
- USDA, ARS National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, 1815 N. University St, Peoria, IL 61604, USA
| | - M. Sabino
- Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Av Dr Arnaldo 355, 01246-902 São Paulo/SP, Brazil
| | - M. Solfrizzo
- National Research Council, Institute of Sciences of Food Production, Via Amendola 122/o, 700126 Bari, Italy
| | - H.P. van Egmond
- Cluster Natural Toxins and Pesticides, RIKILT Institute of Food Safety, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - T.B. Whitaker
- Biological and Agricultural Engineering Department, N.C. State University, P.O. Box 7625, Raleigh, NC 27695-7625, USA
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Shephard G, Berthiller F, Burdaspal P, Crews C, Jonker M, Krska R, MacDonald S, Malone R, Maragos C, Sabino M, Solfrizzo M, Van Egmond H, Whitaker T. Developments in mycotoxin analysis: an update for 2010-2011. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2012. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2011.1338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights developments in mycotoxin analysis and sampling over a period between mid-2010 and mid-2011. It covers the major mycotoxins: aflatoxins, Alternaria toxins, ergot alkaloids, fumonisins, ochratoxin, patulin, trichothecenes, and zearalenone. Analytical methods for mycotoxins continue to be developed and published. Despite much interest in immunochemical methods and in the rapid development of LC-MS methodology, more conventional methods, sometimes linked to novel clean-up protocols, have also been the subject of research publications over the above period. Occurrence of mycotoxins falls outside the main focus of this review; however, where relevant to analytical method development, this has been mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Shephard
- PROMEC Unit, Medical Research Council, P.O. Box 19070, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
| | - F. Berthiller
- Department for Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Center for Analytical Chemistry, Konrad Lorenz Str. 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - P. Burdaspal
- National Centre for Food, Spanish Food Safety and Nutrition Agency, Ctra. Pozuelo a Majadahonda km 5.100, 28220 Majadahonda (Madrid), Spain
| | - C. Crews
- The Food and Environment Research Agency, Sand Hutton, York YO41 1LZ, United Kingdom
| | - M. Jonker
- RIKILT Institute of Food Safety, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Cluster Natural Toxins and Pesticides, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - R. Krska
- Department for Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Center for Analytical Chemistry, Konrad Lorenz Str. 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - S. MacDonald
- The Food and Environment Research Agency, Sand Hutton, York YO41 1LZ, United Kingdom
| | - R. Malone
- Trilogy Analytical Laboratory, 870 Vossbrink Drive, Washington, MO 63090, USA
| | - C. Maragos
- USDA, ARS National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA
| | - M. Sabino
- Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Av. Dr Arnaldo 355, 01246-902, São Paulo/SP, Brazil
| | - M. Solfrizzo
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, Via Amendola 122/o, 700126 Bari, Italy
| | - H. Van Egmond
- RIKILT Institute of Food Safety, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Cluster Natural Toxins and Pesticides, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - T. Whitaker
- Biological and Agricultural Engineering Department, N.C. State University, P.O. Box 7625, Raleigh, NC 27695-7625 USA
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Simultaneous LC–MS/MS determination of aflatoxin M1, ochratoxin A, deoxynivalenol, de-epoxydeoxynivalenol, α and β-zearalenols and fumonisin B1 in urine as a multi-biomarker method to assess exposure to mycotoxins. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 401:2831-41. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-5354-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2011] [Revised: 08/17/2011] [Accepted: 08/22/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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