1
|
Peng H, Chen P, Guo R, Zhou Z, Chen Y, Xu P, Su H, Xiao Y, Jiang H. Regulation of the growth performance and the gastrointestinal microbiota community by the addition of defective pear fermentation to feed of small-tailed Han sheep. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1358033. [PMID: 38638905 PMCID: PMC11024308 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1358033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of defective pear fermentation (DPF) diets on growth performance and gastrointestinal microbial communities in 60 healthy male small-tailed Han sheep, aged 90 days. The sheep were randomly divided into four groups, each consisting of three replicates with five sheep per replicate. Initially, all groups received a basal diet for seven days during the adaptation stage. Subsequently, for 60 days, group C (control) was fed a basal diet, group X received a basal diet with 2% DPF, group Y had a basal diet with 4% DPF, and group Z was fed a basal diet with 6% DPF. The results indicated that group Y experienced a significant increase in average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI). The addition of DPF significantly elevated the levels of GSH-Px and notably reduced MDA content compared to group C. Analysis of gastrointestinal microbiota showed that groups receiving DPF had increased relative abundances of Lachnospiraceae_NK3A20_group, norank_f p-2534-18B5_gut_group, Acetitomaculum, Actinobacteriota, Bacteroidota and Ruminococcus_gauvreauii_group, and decreased abundances of Proteobacteria, Prevotella, Staphylococcus, and Psychrobacter compared to group C. Group X exhibited the highest relative abundance of Olsenella, while group Y showed a significant increase in unclassified_f Lachnospiraceae compared to the other groups. Bacterial function prediction indicated that pathways related to energy metabolism were more prevalent in group X and Y. This study preliminarily confirms the feasibility of using DPF as feed additives, providing a foundation for further research and evaluation of DPF's application in animal production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongxin Peng
- Key Laboratory of Tarim University Husbandry Science and Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar, China
| | - Pinpin Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Tarim University Husbandry Science and Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar, China
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Tarim University Husbandry Science and Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar, China
| | - Yafei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tarim University Husbandry Science and Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar, China
| | - Ping Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huawei Su
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuncai Xiao
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Tarim University Husbandry Science and Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li Z, Wang X, Wang W, An R, Wang Y, Ren Q, Xuan J. Benefits of tributyrin on growth performance, gastrointestinal tract development, ruminal bacteria and volatile fatty acid formation of weaned Small-Tailed Han lambs. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2023; 15:187-196. [PMID: 38023378 PMCID: PMC10679854 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the effects of tributyrin on growth performance, gastrointestinal tract development, ruminal bacteria and volatile fatty acid (VFA) formation. Thirty healthy weaned Small-Tailed Han female lambs at 3 months old with BW 27.5 ± 4.1 kg (mean ± SD) were randomly assigned to five groups of six lambs each, and each group received tributyrin at 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 g/kg in feed. Weights were measured before the start and end of the study. After 15 d adaptation, DMI, feed, faeces and urine were recorded every week. Lambs were sacrificed at d 75. Compared to lambs fed no tributyrin, lambs fed 4.0 g/kg tributyrin had higher average daily BW gain (P = 0.04) and DMI (P < 0.01). Tributyrin reduced nitrogen (P < 0.01), Ca (P < 0.01) and P (P < 0.01) losses derived from faeces and urine. The mostly important, tributyrin increased dorsal sac thickness (P < 0.01), papillae length (P = 0.04) and width (P < 0.01), ventral sac papillae length (P < 0.01) and width (P < 0.01), caudodorsal blind sac thickness (P = 0.02), papillae length (P < 0.01) and width (P < 0.01). Furthermore, tributyrin increased thicknesses of both the duodenum (P < 0.01) and ileum (P = 0.01), and villus heights of the duodenum (P = 0.01), ileum (P < 0.01), jejunum (P < 0.01) and caecum (P = 0.02), but tributyrin decreased duodenal (P < 0.01) and caecal crypt depths (P < 0.01). Tributyrin reduced rumen pH (P < 0.01) while promoting total VFA concentration (P < 0.01). Tributyrin improved the structure of rumen bacteria by enhancing Clostridium (P = 0.04), Butyrivibrio (P < 0.01), Streptococcus (P = 0.04), Prevotella (P = 0.04), Ruminobacter (P = 0.02) and Fibrobacter (P = 0.03). In conclusion, tributyrin could stimulate gastrointestinal tract development by enhancing colonization of rumen VFA-producing bacteria, and dietary supplementation of tributyrin at 4.0 g/kg of DM was recommended for the weaned lambs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Li
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, 233100, China
| | - Xueer Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alae, 843300, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, 233100, China
| | - Ran An
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, 233100, China
| | - Yaxin Wang
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, 233100, China
| | - Qingchang Ren
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, 233100, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and Health, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, 233100, China
| | - Jingjing Xuan
- School of Finance and Economics, Anhui Science and Technology University, Bengbu, 233030, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Świerk S, Przybyło M, Wajsman I, Molik E, Miltko R, Górka P. Effect of increased intake of concentrates and sodium butyrate supplementation on reticulorumen macroanatomy and reticulorumen fermentation in growing rams. Animal 2023; 17:100899. [PMID: 37558584 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2023.100899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased ruminal butyrate production is considered to have mostly positive impacts on rumen macro- and microanatomy and its functions. However, excessive ruminal butyrate production may also affect the rumen negatively. Forty-two growing rams were allocated into six treatments and fed a diet with low (22.5% of diet DM; LOW) or high (60% of diet DM; HIGH) inclusion of concentrates in combination with no, low (1.6% of diet DM) or high (3.2% of diet DM) sodium butyrate (SB) supplementation to obtain low or high reticuloruminal (RR) pH with different concentrations of butyrate. Both absolute (L/day) and relative (% of BW) water intake increased linearly with increasing dose of SB (P ≤ 0.02). The RR fluid pH was lower for HIGH compared to LOW treatments (P < 0.01) but was not affected by SB supplementation (P = 0.35). Total short-chain fatty acid concentration, propionate and valerate concentrations in the RR fluid were higher for HIGH compared to LOW treatments (P ≤ 0.01), but were not affected by SB supplementation (P ≥ 0.22). Reticuloruminal butyrate was higher for HIGH compared to LOW treatments and increased linearly with increasing dose of SB (P < 0.01). High concentrate inclusion in the diet (P < 0.01) decreased and SB supplementation tended to (P = 0.10) decrease fibrolytic activity in the RR. Increasing doses of SB linearly decreased acetate, isovalerate and NH3-N concentrations in RR fluid, and RR digesta DM weight (g DM/kg BW; P ≤ 0.02). Relative RR and rumen tissue weights (g/kg BW) were higher for LOW compared to HIGH (P ≤ 0.03) treatments but were not affected by SB inclusion in the diet (P ≥ 0.35). Also, there was no impact of concentrates or SB inclusion in the diet on ruminal epithelium DM weight (mg/cm2), either in the ventral or dorsal sac of the rumen (P ≥ 0.14). Under conditions of the current study, SB supplementation in the diet decreased RR digesta DM concentration and weight, acetate, isovalerate and NH3-N concentration in the RR fluid, and tended to reduce fibrolytic activity in the RR. At least part of this response could be due to increased intake of water, and consequently passage of digesta from the RR to lower regions of the gastrointestinal tract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Świerk
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, and Fisheries, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - M Przybyło
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, and Fisheries, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - I Wajsman
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, and Fisheries, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - E Molik
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, and Fisheries, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - R Miltko
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland
| | - P Górka
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, and Fisheries, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Krakow, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Świerk S, Przybyło M, Flaga J, Szczepanik K, Garus-Piętak A, Biernat W, Molik E, Wojtysiak D, Miltko R, Górka P. Effect of increased intake of concentrates and sodium butyrate supplementation on ruminal epithelium structure and function in growing rams. Animal 2023; 17:100898. [PMID: 37558583 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2023.100898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased ruminal butyrate production is considered to have a positive impact on rumen epithelium growth and function. However, excessive ruminal butyrate production may affect the rumen negatively, particularly when the rumen is already challenged with low pH. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the inclusion of concentrates in the diet and sodium butyrate (SB) supplementation on ruminal epithelium growth and function in growing rams. Forty-two rams (27.8 ± 7.3 kg; 9-14 months of age) were allocated into six treatments and fed a diet with low (22.5% of diet DM; LOW) or high (60% of diet DM; HIGH) inclusion of concentrates in combination with no (SB0), 1.6% (SB1.6) or 3.2% (SB3.2) of diet DM inclusion of SB. There was no impact of the investigated factors on papilla dimensions and mucosa surface area, either in the atrium ruminis or ventral rumen (P ≥ 0.11). Stratum corneum thickness was higher for HIGH compared to LOW treatments (P ≤ 0.04), independently of the location in the rumen. In the atrium ruminis, the epithelium and living strata thickness quadratically increased due to SB supplementation for LOW treatments but quadratically decreased for HIGH treatments (concentrate inclusion × butyrate supplementation interaction; P ≤ 0.03); conversely, in the ventral sac of the rumen, a thicker epithelium was observed due to both increased concentrate inclusion in the diet and SB supplementation (P < 0.01) but living strata thickness was increased only by SB supplementation (linear effect; P < 0.01). The epithelium damage index in the ventral sac of the rumen was higher for LOW compared to HIGH treatments (P = 0.02). Increased inclusion of concentrates in the diet increased mRNA expression of monocarboxylate transporter 1 in both the epithelium of the atrium ruminis and ventral rumen, occludin in the epithelium of the atrium ruminis and downregulated in adenoma in the epithelium of the ventral rumen (P ≤ 0.02). Protein expression of claudin-4 in the epithelium of the ventral rumen was the highest for the HIGH/SB1.6 and HIGH/SB3.2 treatments (significant effect of interaction between main effects; P < 0.01). Under the conditions of the current study, increased intake of concentrates had mostly positive effects on ruminal epithelium in growing rams, and the same was observed for the effect of SB supplementation. However, the effect of SB supplementation was at least partially affected by the inclusion of concentrates in the diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Świerk
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, and Fisheries, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - M Przybyło
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, and Fisheries, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - J Flaga
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, and Fisheries, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - K Szczepanik
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, National Research Institute of Animal Production, ul. Krakowska 1, 32-083 Balice, Poland
| | - A Garus-Piętak
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, and Fisheries, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - W Biernat
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, and Fisheries, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - E Molik
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, and Fisheries, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - D Wojtysiak
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Ethology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - R Miltko
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland
| | - P Górka
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, and Fisheries, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Krakow, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhong H, Yu W, Wang M, Lin B, Sun X, Zheng N, Wang J, Zhao S. Sodium butyrate promotes gastrointestinal development of preweaning bull calves via inhibiting inflammation, balancing nutrient metabolism, and optimizing microbial community functions. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2023; 14:88-100. [PMID: 37388163 PMCID: PMC10300058 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Butyrate promotes the growth and gastrointestinal development of calves. But, the mechanisms behind its effects on signaling pathways of the gastrointestinal tract and rumen microbiome is unclear. This study aimed to reveal transcriptomic pathways of gastrointestinal epithelium and microbial community in response to butyrate supplementation in calves fed a high fiber starter. Fourteen Holstein bull calves (39.9 ± 3.7 kg, 14 d of age) were assigned to 2 groups (sodium butyrate group, SB; control group, Ctrl). The SB group received 0.5% SB supplementation. At d 51, the calves were slaughtered to obtain samples for analysis of the transcriptome of the rumen and jejunum epithelium as well as ruminal microbial metagenome. Sodium butyrate supplementation resulted in a higher performance in average daily gain and development of jejunum and rumen papillae. In both the rumen and jejunum epithelium, SB down-regulated pathways related to inflammation including NF-κB (PPKCB, CXCL8, CXCL12), interleukin-17 (IL17A, IL17B, MMP9), and chemokine (CXCL12, CCL4, CCL8) and up-regulated immune pathways including the intestinal immune network for immunoglobulin A (IgA) production (CD28). Meanwhile, in the jejunum epithelium, SB regulated pathways related to nutritional metabolism including nitrogen metabolism (CA1, CA2, CA3), synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies (HMGCS2, BDH1, LOC100295719), fat digestion and absorption (PLA2G2F, APOA1, APOA4), and the PPAR signaling pathway (FABP4, FABP6, CYP4A11). The metagenome showed that SB greatly increased the relative abundance of Bacillus subtilis and Eubacterium limosum, activated ruminal microbial carbohydrate metabolism pathways and increased the abundance of carbohydrate hydrolysis enzymes. In conclusion, butyrate exhibited promoting effects on growth and gastrointestinal development by inhibiting inflammation, enhancing immunity and energy harvesting, and activating microbial carbohydrate metabolism. These findings provide new insights into the potential mechanisms behind the beneficial effects of butyrate in calf nutrition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huiyue Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wenjing Yu
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Min Wang
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Bo Lin
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Xuezhao Sun
- Jilin Inter-regional Cooperation Centre for the Scientific and Technological Innovation of Ruminant Precision Nutrition and Smart and Ecological Farming, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin, 132109, China
- Grasslands Research Centre, AgResearch Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Nan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shengguo Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Słupecka-Ziemilska M, Pierzynowski SG, Szczurek P, Pierzynowska K, Wychowański P, Seklecka B, Koperski M, Starzyńska A, Szkopek D, Donaldson J, Andrzejewski K, Woliński J. Milk Formula Enriched with Sodium Butyrate Influences Small Intestine Contractility in Neonatal Pigs. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14204301. [PMID: 36296985 PMCID: PMC9608939 DOI: 10.3390/nu14204301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Butyrate, a by-product of gut bacteria fermentation as well as the digestion of fat in mother’s milk, exerts a wide spectrum of beneficial effects in the gastrointestinal tissues. The present study aimed to determine the effects of sodium butyrate on small intestine contractility in neonatal piglets. Piglets were fed milk formula alone (group C) or milk formula supplemented with sodium butyrate (group B). After a 7-day treatment period, isometric recordings of whole-thickness segments of the duodenum and middle jejunum were obtained by electric field stimulation under the influence of increasing doses of Ach (acetylocholine) in the presence of TTX (tetrodotoxin) and atropine. Moreover, structural properties of the intestinal wall were assessed, together with the expression of cholinergic and muscarinic receptors (M1 and M2). In both intestinal segments (duodenum and middle jejunum), EFS (electric field stimulation) impulses resulted in increased contractility and amplitude of contractions in group B compared to group C. Additionally, exposure to dietary butyrate led to a significant increase in tunica muscularis thickness in the duodenum, while mitotic and apoptotic indices were increased in the middle jejunum. The expression of M1 and M2 receptors in the middle jejunum was significantly higher after butyrate treatment. The results indicate increased cholinergic signaling and small intestinal growth and renewal in response to feeding with milk formula enriched with sodium butyrate in neonatal piglets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Słupecka-Ziemilska
- Department of Human Epigenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Stefan Grzegorz Pierzynowski
- Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Rural Health, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
- SGP + Group, 231 32 Trelleborg, Sweden
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Paulina Szczurek
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, National Research Institute of Animal Production, 32-083 Balice, Poland
| | - Kateryna Pierzynowska
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
- Department of Animal Physiology, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland
- Correspondence: (K.P.); (J.W.)
| | - Piotr Wychowański
- Division of Oral Surgery and Implantology, Department of Head and Neck, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS-Universita Cattolica del Sacro Coure, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Maciej Koperski
- Department of Human Epigenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Anna Starzyńska
- Departament of Oral Surgery, Medical University of Gdańsk, 7 Dębinki Street, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Dominika Szkopek
- Large Animal Models Laboratory, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland
| | - Janine Donaldson
- SGP + Group, 231 32 Trelleborg, Sweden
- School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
| | - Krzysztof Andrzejewski
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Veteran’s Memorial Hospital, Medical University of Łódź, 90-549 Łódź, Poland
| | - Jarosław Woliński
- Department of Animal Physiology, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland
- Large Animal Models Laboratory, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland
- Correspondence: (K.P.); (J.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Przybyło M, Flaga J, Clauss M, Szczepanik K, Miltko R, Bełżecki G, Kowalski ZM, Górka P. Increased intake of mono- and disaccharides by Reeves's muntjac (Muntiacus reevesi). Effect on gastrointestinal tract structure and function and blood parameters. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2022; 106:922-938. [PMID: 35587535 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of an increased mono- and disaccharide (MD) intake on selected functions and structure of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), and selected blood parameters in Reeves's muntjac (Muntiacus reevesi), a small browsing ruminant. Eighteen male muntjacs were fed diets consisting of lucerne (ad libitum), a high fibre pellet (100 g/day) and wheat bran (30 g/day) without (MD0) or with addition of 10 or 20 g of glucose, fructose and sucrose mixture/day (MD10 and MD20, respectively) for 14 days. MD dosages were set to increase intake of these saccharides by 25% and 50% relative to MD0, which resulted in a range of water-soluble carbohydrate content in the consumed dry matter from 7% to 12%. Compared to MD0 animals, MD20 animals had a lower dry matter intake, a higher MD concentrations in the reticulorumen (RR), abomasal and small intestinal digesta, higher ruminal butyrate concentration, higher SGLT1 expression in the epithelium of proximal jejunum, higher plasma glucose, lower RR tissue weight but greater caecal tissue weight (p ≤ 0.05), and had or tended to have shorter papillae and lower mucosa surface area in the Atrium ruminis (by 44%; p = 0.02 and p = 0.10, respectively); MD10 animals tended to have higher MD concentrations in the abomasal and small intestinal digesta (p ≤ 0.10), and a higher amylolytic activity (p = 0.02) as well as a tendency to lower xylanolytic activity in the RR digesta (p = 0.06). MD supplementation did not affect ruminal pH. In conclusion, low to moderate increase of MD intake increased MD concentrations in the RR, abomasal and intestinal digesta, and SGLT1 expression in intestinal epithelium, suggesting incomplete fermentation of those saccharides in the RR. MD supplementation dose-dependently affects structure of GIT in Reeves's muntjac.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Przybyło
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, and Fisheries, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jadwiga Flaga
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, and Fisheries, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Kraków, Poland
| | - Marcus Clauss
- Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Kinga Szczepanik
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, and Fisheries, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Kraków, Poland
| | - Renata Miltko
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jabłonna, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Bełżecki
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jabłonna, Poland
| | - Zygmunt M Kowalski
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, and Fisheries, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Kraków, Poland
| | - Paweł Górka
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, and Fisheries, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Kraków, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wu D, Meng Q, Wang Y, Wang M, Xu E, Xiao L, Xu M. Dietary supplementation of free or two fat-coated sodium butyrate with varying release times on gastrointestinal development and tight junctions in preweaning Holstein calves. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
9
|
Fukumori R, Doi K, Mochizuki T, Oikawa S, Gondaira S, Iwasaki T, Izumi K. Sodium butyrate administration modulates the ruminal villus height, inflammation-related gene expression, and plasma hormones concentration in dry cows fed a high-fiber diet. Anim Sci J 2022; 93:e13791. [PMID: 36478496 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of sodium butyrate on the ruminal villus morphology, mRNA expression associated with nutrient metabolism and inflammation in the ruminal epithelium, and plasma concentrations of metabolites and hormones in non-lactating cows fed a high-fiber diet. Four Holstein cows with a rumen cannula were assigned to two treatments in a crossover design. The treatments were ruminal administration of sodium butyrate premix or control premix before feeding to cows fed the same total mixed ration mainly composed of glass silage once a day. Sodium butyrate was provided at a butyrate dose of 0.04% per kg body weight. The control premix was made by replacing sodium-butyrate with wheat bran. The plasma β-hydroxybutyrate concentration increased 3 to 6 h after the butyrate premix administration but returned to a concentration similar to that of the control before feeding. After continuous administration, increases in the ruminal villus height and plasma concentration of glucagon-like peptide-2, and lower gene expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, and TLR-2 in the rumen epithelium were observed in cows supplied with the butyrate premix. These results showed that sodium butyrate affects rumen epithelial morphology and plasma concentrations of hormones even under a low fermentable diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rika Fukumori
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan
| | - Kazuya Doi
- Department of Sustainable Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment Sciences, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan
| | - Taisei Mochizuki
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan
| | - Shin Oikawa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan
| | - Satoshi Gondaira
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan
| | - Tomohito Iwasaki
- Department of Food Science and Human Wellness, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment Sciences, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan
| | - Kenichi Izumi
- Department of Sustainable Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment Sciences, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Burakowska K, Penner GB, Flaga J, Przybyło M, Barć J, Wojciechowska-Puchałka J, Wojtysiak D, Kowalski ZM, Górka P. Canola meal or soybean meal as protein source and the effect of microencapsulated sodium butyrate supplementation in calf starter mixture. II. Development of the gastrointestinal tract. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:6663-6676. [PMID: 33685670 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the effect of protein source, either soybean meal (SM) or canola meal (CM), and microencapsulated sodium butyrate (MSB) supplementation in a pelleted starter mixture on the development of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) in dairy calves. Twenty-eight bull calves (8.7 ± 0.8 d of age and 43.0 ± 4.4 kg; mean ± SD) were assigned to 1 of 4 treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement: CM as a main source of protein without or with MSB or SM without or with MSB. Calves were fed starters ad libitum and exposed to a gradual weaning program, with weaning taking place on 51.7 ± 0.8 d of age. Calves were observed for an additional 3 wk after weaning and slaughtered on d 72.1 ± 0.9 of age, after which the GIT was dissected. Morphometric measurements were recorded, and samples for determination of ruminal fermentation, histology, gene expression, and brush border enzyme activities were collected. Canola meal use in the starter mixture increased abomasal tissue weight, jejunal tissue weight and length, and mRNA expression of SLC16A4 (formerly known as MCT4) and FFAR2 (GPR43) in the ruminal epithelium, and decreased ruminal ammonia and mRNA expression of SLC15A2 (PEPT2) and SLC6A14 (ATB0+) in the proximal small intestine and ileum, respectively. However, MSB inclusion in the starter mixture decreased ruminal papillae length, ruminal epithelial surface, and ruminal epithelium dry weight, while increasing mRNA expression of SLC16A1 (MCT1) in ruminal epithelia. Reduced ruminal surface area associated with MSB supplementation was the most apparent when MSB was combined with CM in the starter mixture. Additionally, MSB supplementation decreased the thickness of omasal epithelium, omasal epithelium living strata, and stratum corneum, and increased duodenal and ileal aminopeptidase A enzymatic activity and ileal aminopeptidase N enzymatic activity. Overall, CM might increase growth of the GIT of calves, particularly of the small intestine, but may negatively affect intestinal epithelium function and peptide and AA absorption. Supplementation of MSB has a negative effect on the ruminal and omasal epithelium development, particularly when combined in a starter mixture with CM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Burakowska
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, S7N 5A8, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - G B Penner
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, S7N 5A8, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - J Flaga
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, and Fisheries, University of Agriculture in Kraków, al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - M Przybyło
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, and Fisheries, University of Agriculture in Kraków, al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - J Barć
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, and Fisheries, University of Agriculture in Kraków, al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - J Wojciechowska-Puchałka
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Ethology, University of Agriculture in Kraków, al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - D Wojtysiak
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Ethology, University of Agriculture in Kraków, al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Z M Kowalski
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, and Fisheries, University of Agriculture in Kraków, al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - P Górka
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, and Fisheries, University of Agriculture in Kraków, al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Kraków, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gaowa N, Li W, Murphy B, Cox MS. The Effects of Artificially Dosed Adult Rumen Contents on Abomasum Transcriptome and Associated Microbial Community Structure in Calves. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:424. [PMID: 33809523 PMCID: PMC7999174 DOI: 10.3390/genes12030424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the changes in abomasum transcriptome and the associated microbial community structure in young calves with artificially dosed, adult rumen contents. Eight young bull calves were randomly dosed with freshly extracted rumen contents from an adult cow (high efficiency (HE), n = 4), or sterilized rumen content (Con, n = 4). The dosing was administered within 3 days of birth, then at 2, 4, and 6 weeks following the initial dosing. Abomasum tissues were collected immediately after sacrifice at 8 weeks of age. Five genera (Tannerella, Desulfovibrio, Deinococcus, Leptotrichia, and Eubacterium; p < 0.05) showed significant difference in abundance between the treatments. A total of 975 differentially expressed genes were identified (p < 0.05, fold-change > 1.5, mean read-counts > 5). Pathway analysis indicated that up-regulated genes were involved in immune system process and defense response to virus, while the down-regulated genes involved in ion transport, ATP biosynthetic process, and mitochondrial electron transport. Positive correlation (r > 0.7, p < 0.05) was observed between TRPM4 gene and Desulfovibrio, which was significantly higher in the HE group. TRPM4 had a reported role in the immune system process. In conclusion, the dosing of adult rumen contents to calves can alter not only the composition of active microorganisms in the abomasum but also the molecular mechanisms in the abomasum tissue, including reduced protease secretion and decreased hydrochloric acid secretion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naren Gaowa
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology, Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Wenli Li
- The Cell Wall Utilization and Biology Laboratory, USDA Agricultural Research Service, US Dairy Forage Research Center, Madison, WI 53706, USA;
| | - Brianna Murphy
- The Cell Wall Utilization and Biology Laboratory, USDA Agricultural Research Service, US Dairy Forage Research Center, Madison, WI 53706, USA;
| | - Madison S. Cox
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA;
- Microbiology Doctoral Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Effects of grazing and confinement on the morphology and microflora of the gastrointestinal tract of Small-tailed Han sheep. Livest Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
13
|
Stahl TC, Hatungimana E, Klanderman KD, Moreland SC, Erickson PS. Sodium butyrate and monensin supplementation to postweaning heifer diets: Effects on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and health. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:10207-10218. [PMID: 32952029 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate growth and performance of postweaning heifers supplemented with monensin (MON), sodium butyrate (SB), or the combination of MON and SB (MSB) compared with heifers not receiving these feed additives. Forty Holstein heifers [mean age 84.2 ± 1.2 d; body weight (BW) 99.8 ± 10.8 kg (mean ± SD)] were housed in a freestall barn, blocked by birth date, and randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were (1) 100 g of soybean meal carrier (control; CON); (2) 0.75 g of SB/kg of BW + carrier (SB); (3) 1 mg of MON/kg of BW + carrier (MON); (4) 1 mg of MON/kg of BW + 0.75 g of SB/kg of BW (MSB). Data were analyzed using single degree of freedom contrasts evaluating CON versus additives (ADD), SB versus MON, and SB and MON versus MSB. Treatments were hand-mixed daily. Feed and orts were measured daily and frozen at -20°C. Orts samples were subsampled for dry matter (DM) determination, and total mixed ration samples were taken weekly and composited monthly for DM and nutrient analysis. Initial BW, heart and paunch girths, body length, blood samples, and fecal coccidia counts were measured before the start and weekly during the 12-wk trial. Blood samples were analyzed for glucose, plasma urea nitrogen (PUN), and ketone concentrations. Apparent total-tract nutrient digestibility was determined from d 21 to 27 and from d 63 to 69 using acid detergent insoluble ash as a marker. Daily dry matter intake (DMI) and metabolizable energy intake were increased in ADD compared with CON, and average BW, final BW, and heart girth tended to increase. Whereas MSB tended to be greater than SB and MON for heart girth, feed efficiency was greater with MON compared with SB. Compared with CON, ADD decreased coccidia counts. No effect of treatment on PUN was detected. Monensin and SB tended to have greater plasma glucose than MSB did. Average blood ketone concentrations were greater with ADD versus CON, in SB versus MON, and in MSB versus SB and MON. During the wk-3 digestibility phase, DMI tended to be greater in heifers fed SB versus MON, as well as in heifers fed MSB versus SB and MON. Digestibility of nutrients were similar, except that starch digestibility was increased in heifers fed MSB versus SB and MON. During the wk-9 digestibility phase, DMI and digestibility of nutrients were similar, except NDF, which tended to be greater in CON than in ADD. Overall, ADD resulted in positive growth and reduced coccidia compared with CON.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T C Stahl
- Department of Agriculture, Nutrition, and Food Systems, University of New Hampshire, Durham, 03824
| | - E Hatungimana
- Department of Agriculture, Nutrition, and Food Systems, University of New Hampshire, Durham, 03824
| | | | | | - P S Erickson
- Department of Agriculture, Nutrition, and Food Systems, University of New Hampshire, Durham, 03824.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Górka P, Sliwinski B, Flaga J, Olszewski J, Nawrocka P, Sobkowiak K, Miltko R, Godlewski MM, Zabielski R, Kowalski ZM. Effect of exogenous butyrate on the gastrointestinal tract of sheep. II. Hydrolytic activity in the rumen and structure and function of the small intestine. J Anim Sci 2019; 96:5325-5335. [PMID: 30321354 DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of exogenous butyrate on the activity of carbohydrate-digesting enzymes in the reticuloruminal digesta and structure and selected functions of the small intestine in sheep. Eighteen rams (30.8 ± 2.1 kg; 12 to 15 mo of age) were fed for 14 d a diet without (CTRL) or with sodium butyrate (BUT; 36 g/kg of offered DM). Butyrate concentration in the reticuloruminal fluid and proximal small intestinal digesta was greater for BUT compared with CTRL (P ≤ 0.05). Amylolytic activity was greater, whereas cellulolytic and xylanolytic activity in the reticuloruminal digesta was less for BUT compared with CTRL (P ≤ 0.04). Relative to BW, small intestinal tissue mass and small intestine length did not differ between treatments (P ≥ 0.15); however, absolute length of the small intestine was greater for BUT compared with CTRL (P = 0.04). In the duodenum, crypt depth tended (P = 0.10) to be greater, whereas in the ileum, crypt depth and muscularis thickness tended (P = 0.10) to be less for BUT compared with CTRL. Mitosis-to-apoptosis ratio in the proximal jejunum was greater for CTRL compared with BUT (P = 0.02). Expression of G-protein-coupled receptor 43 mRNA in the duodenal epithelium was greater for BUT compared with CTRL (P < 0.01). On the other hand, peptide transporter 1 mRNA expression in the distal sections of the small intestine, as well as activity of aminopeptidase A and dipeptidylpeptidase IV, were greater for CTRL (P ≤ 0.05). In summary, exogenous butyrate supplementation in feed affects hydrolytic activity in the rumen, and increased butyrate flow out of the reticulorumen affects both proximal and distal sections of the small intestine in sheep.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Górka
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. Mickiewicza, Krakow, Poland
| | - Bogdan Sliwinski
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, National Research Institute of Animal Production, ul. Krakowska, Balice, Poland
| | - Jadwiga Flaga
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. Mickiewicza, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jaroslaw Olszewski
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, ul. Nowoursynowska, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Paulina Nawrocka
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. Mickiewicza, Krakow, Poland
| | - Klaudyna Sobkowiak
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. Mickiewicza, Krakow, Poland
| | - Renata Miltko
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Instytucka, Jablonna, Poland
| | - Michal M Godlewski
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, ul. Nowoursynowska, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Romuald Zabielski
- Department of Large Animal Diseases with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, ul. Nowoursynowska, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Zygmunt M Kowalski
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. Mickiewicza, Krakow, Poland
| |
Collapse
|