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Cobo-Golpe M, de-Castro-Ríos A, Lendoiro E. Current status of keratinized matrices in Toxicology: Comparison of hair and nails. Drug Test Anal 2024. [PMID: 38853411 DOI: 10.1002/dta.3748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Nails are a keratinized matrix that has been proposed as an alternative to hair to evaluate long-term and retrospective consumption of drugs of abuse and pharmaceuticals. This matrix has been gaining interest in recent years, with new studies focusing on the analysis of fingernails and/or toenails for different substances. However, nails and hair present differences in structure, growth, and incorporation pathways that may affect drug incorporation and analysis and complicate the interpretation of the results. To better understand the results in nail samples, a comparison of concentrations found in hair, fingernails, and toenails has been described in the literature for some drugs. This review unifies the results found in the literature, with special interest on studies that report paired samples from the same individuals. Differences between fingernail and toenail samples, as well as proposed cut-offs in nails, are also discussed. Definite conclusions can be reached for some drugs, but, in general, more standardized studies are needed to better understand nail results.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cobo-Golpe
- Toxicology Service, Institute of Forensic Sciences, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - A de-Castro-Ríos
- Toxicology Service, Institute of Forensic Sciences, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - E Lendoiro
- Toxicology Service, Institute of Forensic Sciences, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Ilktaç R, Gümüş ZP, Aksuner N. Development of rapid, sensitive and selective fluorimetric method for determination of 1-naphthalene acetic acid in cucumber by using magnetite-molecularly imprinted polymer. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2019; 218:62-68. [PMID: 30954798 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.03.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a novel method based on the determination of 1-naphthalene acetic acid with the usage of magnetite-molecularly imprinted polymer prior to fluorimetric detection has been developed. Magnetite-molecularly imprinted polymer has been used for the first time as selective adsorbent for the determination of 1-naphthalene acetic acid. The adsorption capacity of the synthesized polymer was found to be 2.18 ± 0.36 mg g-1 (n = 3). Limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of the method were found to be 0.75 and 2.50 μg L-1, respectively. Linearity of the calibration graph for the proposed method was observed within the range of 20-700 μg L-1. The proposed method seems to be rapid where the detection procedure for 1-naphthalene acetic acid can be completed within a total time of 1 h. The same imprinted polymer can be used for the determination of 1-naphthalene acetic acid with quantitative sorption and recovery values repeatedly for at least ten times. The effects of some potential organic interferences were investigated. Proposed method has been successfully applied to determine 1-naphthalene acetic acid in cucumber, where the recoveries of the spiked samples were found to be in the range of 93.7-104.5%. Characterization of the synthesized polymer was also evaluated. By combining the high capacity, cheapness, reusability and selectivity of the magnetic adsorbent with the dynamic calibration range, rapidity, simplicity, and sensitivity of fluorimetry, the proposed method seems to be an ideal method for the determination of trace levels of 1-naphthalene acetic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raif Ilktaç
- Application and Research Center for Testing and Analysis, University of Ege, 35100 Bornova, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Zinar Pınar Gümüş
- Application and Research Center for Testing and Analysis, University of Ege, 35100 Bornova, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Nur Aksuner
- Application and Research Center for Testing and Analysis, University of Ege, 35100 Bornova, İzmir, Turkey; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Ege, 35100 Bornova, İzmir, Turkey.
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3
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Manzanares JA, Rimpelä AK, Urtti A. Interpretation of Ocular Melanin Drug Binding Assays. Alternatives to the Model of Multiple Classes of Independent Sites. Mol Pharm 2016; 13:1251-7. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- José A. Manzanares
- Department
of Thermodynamics, Faculty of Physics, University of Valencia, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Anna-Kaisa Rimpelä
- Centre
for Drug Research, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty
of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Arto Urtti
- Centre
for Drug Research, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty
of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- School
of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
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Rimpelä AK, Schmitt M, Latonen S, Hagström M, Antopolsky M, Manzanares JA, Kidron H, Urtti A. Drug Distribution to Retinal Pigment Epithelium: Studies on Melanin Binding, Cellular Kinetics, and Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography/Computed Tomography Imaging. Mol Pharm 2016; 13:2977-86. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Kaisa Rimpelä
- Centre
for Drug Research, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty
of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mechthild Schmitt
- Centre
for Drug Research, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty
of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Satu Latonen
- Centre
for Drug Research, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty
of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marja Hagström
- Centre
for Drug Research, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty
of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maxim Antopolsky
- Centre
for Drug Research, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty
of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - José A. Manzanares
- Department
of Thermodynamics, Faculty of Physics, University of Valencia, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Heidi Kidron
- Centre
for Drug Research, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty
of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Arto Urtti
- Centre
for Drug Research, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty
of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- School
of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
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Si-si P, Bing W. Synthesis of Bisphenol A π-π Stacking Self-assembly Imprinted Polymer by Precipitation Polymerization and Study on Specificity Recognition Mechanism. ACTA POLYM SIN 2014. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1105.2014.13149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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PREPARATION OF QUERCETIN-NI(Ⅱ) IMPRINTED POLYMER BY ELECTRON BEAM RADIATION POLYMERIZATION AND ITS RECOGNITION CHARACTERISTICS. ACTA POLYM SIN 2013. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1105.2013.12272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Morlieras J, Chezal JM, Miot-Noirault E, Roux A, Heinrich-Balard L, Cohen R, Tarrit S, Truillet C, Mignot A, Hachani R, Kryza D, Antoine R, Dugourd P, Perriat P, Janier M, Sancey L, Lux F, Tillement O. Development of gadolinium based nanoparticles having an affinity towards melanin. NANOSCALE 2013; 5:1603-1615. [PMID: 23334308 DOI: 10.1039/c2nr33457g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Small Rigid Platforms (SRPs) are sub-5 nanometre gadolinium based nanoparticles that have been developed for multimodal imaging and theranostic applications. They are composed of a polysiloxane network surrounded by gadolinium chelates. A covalent coupling with quinoxaline derivatives has been performed. Such derivatives have proven their affinity for melanin frequently expressed in primary melanoma cases. Three different quinoxaline derivatives have been synthesised and coupled to the nanoparticles. The affinity of the grafted nanoparticles for melanin has then been shown in vitro by surface plasmon resonance on a homemade melanin grafted gold chip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Morlieras
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Matériaux Luminescents, UMR 5620 CNRS - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
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Polettini A, Cone EJ, Gorelick DA, Huestis MA. Incorporation of methamphetamine and amphetamine in human hair following controlled oral methamphetamine administration. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 726:35-43. [PMID: 22541011 PMCID: PMC3391534 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2011] [Revised: 01/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although hair testing is well established for the assessment of past drug exposure, uncertainties persist about mechanisms of drug incorporation into hair and interpretation of results. The aim of this study was to administer methamphetamine (MAMP) under controlled conditions as a model drug to investigate drug incorporation into human hair. MATERIAL AND METHODS Seven volunteers with a history of stimulant use received 4×10 mg (low) doses of sustained release S-(+)-MAMP HCl within 1 week, with weekly head hair samples collected by shaving. 3 weeks later, 4 of them received 4×20 mg (high) doses. After extensive isopropanol/phosphate buffer washing of the hair, MAMP and its metabolite amphetamine (AMP) concentrations were determined in all weekly hair samples by LC-MS-MS in selected reaction monitoring mode with the undeca- and deca-deuterated drugs, respectively, as internal standards (LLOQ, 0.005 ng mg(-1)). RESULTS MAMP T(max) occurred from 1 to 2 weeks after both doses, with C(max) ranging from 0.6 to 3.5 ng mg(-1) after the low and 1.2 to 5.3 ng mg(-1) after the high MAMP doses. AMP C(max) in hair was 0.1-0.3 ng mg(-1) and 0.2-0.5 ng mg(-1), respectively, for low and high doses. Highly dose-related concentrations within subjects, but large variability between subjects were observed. MAMP concentrations were above the 0.2 ng mg(-1) cut-off for at least 2 weeks following administration of both low and high doses. The overall AMP/MAMP ratio ranged from 0.07 to 0.37 with a mean value of 0.15 ± 0.07, and a median of 0.13. The percentage of MAMP and AMP removed with the washing procedure decreased with time after administration. A strong correlation was found between area under the curve of MAMP (r(2)=0.90, p=0.00) and AMP (r(2)=0.94, p=0.00) concentrations calculated for the 3-week period following administration and the total melanin concentration in hair. Significant correlations were observed also between C(max) and melanin. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that despite large inter-individual differences, the incorporation of MAMP and AMP into hair is dose-related with much of the observed scatter of MAMP and AMP concentrations explained by melanin concentration in hair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Polettini
- Department of Public Health & Community Medicine, University of Verona, Italy.
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Wu YH, Lin KL, Chen SC, Chang YZ. Integration of GC/EI-MS and GC/NCI-MS for simultaneous quantitative determination of opiates, amphetamines, MDMA, ketamine, and metabolites in human hair. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2008; 870:192-202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2008.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2008] [Revised: 05/23/2008] [Accepted: 06/04/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Wu YH, Lin KL, Chen SC, Chang YZ. Simultaneous quantitative determination of amphetamines, ketamine, opiates and metabolites in human hair by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2008; 22:887-897. [PMID: 18288687 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.3409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) method was developed and validated for the determination of common drugs of abuse in Asia. The method was able to simultaneously quantify amphetamines (amphetamine; AP, methamphetamine; MA, methylenedioxy amphetamine; MDA, methylenedioxymeth mphetamine; MDMA, methylenedioxy ethylamphetamine; MDEA), ketamine (ketamine; K, norketamine; NK), and opiates (morphine; MOR, codeine; COD, 6-acetylmorphine; 6-AM) in human hair. Hair samples (25 mg) were washed, cut, and incubated overnight at 25 degrees C in methanol/trifluoroacetic acid (methanol/TFA). The samples were extracted by solid-phase extraction (SPE), derivatized using heptafluorobutyric acid anhydride (HFBA) at 70 degrees C for 30 min, and the derivatives were analyzed by electron ionization (EI) GC/MS in selected ion monitoring mode. Confirmation was accomplished by comparing retention times and the relative abundances of selected ions with those of standards. Deuterated analogs of the analytes were used as internal standards for quantification. Calibration curves for ten analytes were established in the concentration range 0.1-10 ng/mg with high correlation coefficients (r2 > 0.999). The intra-day and inter-day precisions were within 12.1% and 15.8%, respectively. The intra-day and inter-day accuracies were between -8.7% and 10.7%, and between -5.9% and 13.8%, respectively. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) obtained were 0.03 and 0.05 ng/mg for AP, MA, MDA, MDMA and MDEA; 0.05 and 0.08 ng/mg for K, NK, MOR and COD; and 0.08 and 0.1 ng/mg for 6-AM. The recoveries were above 88.6% for all the compounds, except K and NK which were in the range of 71.7-72.7%. Eight hair samples from known polydrug abusers were examined by this method. These results show that the method is suitable for broad-spectrum drug testing in a single hair specimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Hsueh Wu
- Institute of Medical and Molecular Toxicology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Nosanchuk JD, Casadevall A. Impact of melanin on microbial virulence and clinical resistance to antimicrobial compounds. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2006; 50:3519-28. [PMID: 17065617 PMCID: PMC1635213 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00545-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D Nosanchuk
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
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Scott K, Kronstrand R. Drug Incorporation into Hair. ANALYTICAL AND PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF DRUG TESTING IN HAIR 2006. [DOI: 10.1201/9781420006193.ch1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Musshoff F, Madea B. New trends in hair analysis and scientific demands on validation and technical notes. Forensic Sci Int 2006; 165:204-15. [PMID: 16814972 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2006.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2006] [Revised: 05/10/2006] [Accepted: 05/10/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on basic aspects of method development and validation of hair testing procedures. Quality assurance is a major issue in drug testing in hair resulting in new recommendations, validation procedures and inter-laboratory comparisons. Furthermore recent trends in research concerning hair analysis are discussed, namely mechanisms of drug incorporation and retention, novel analytical procedures (especially ones using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and alternative sample preparation techniques like solid-phase microextraction (SPME)), the determination of THC-COOH in hair samples, hair testing in drug-facilitated crimes, enantioselective hair testing procedures and the importance of hair analysis in clinical trials. Hair testing in analytical toxicology is still an area in need of further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Musshoff
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Bonn, Germany.
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