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Impastato AC, Shemet A, Vepřek NA, Saper G, Rao L, Hess H, Gennerich A, Trauner D. Optical Control of Mitosis with a Photoswitchable Eg5 Inhibitor. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202115846. [PMID: 34958711 PMCID: PMC9533678 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202115846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Eg5 is a kinesin motor protein that is responsible for bipolar spindle formation and plays a crucial role during mitosis. Loss of Eg5 function leads to the formation of monopolar spindles, followed by mitotic arrest, and subsequent cell death. Several cell-permeable small molecules have been reported to inhibit Eg5 and some have been evaluated as anticancer agents. We now describe the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of photoswitchable variants with five different pharmacophores. Our lead compound Azo-EMD is a cell permeable azobenzene that inhibits Eg5 more potently in its light-induced cis form. This activity decreased the velocity of Eg5 in single-molecule assays, promoted formation of monopolar spindles, and led to mitotic arrest in a light dependent way.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrej Shemet
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, 10003, USA
| | - Nynke A. Vepřek
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, 10003, USA,Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Gadiel Saper
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, 10025, USA
| | - Lu Rao
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, 10461, USA
| | - Henry Hess
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, 10025, USA
| | - Arne Gennerich
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, 10461, USA
| | - Dirk Trauner
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, 10003, USA
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Gawdzik B, Kowalczyk P, Koszelewski D, Brodzka A, Masternak J, Kramkowski K, Wypych A, Ostaszewski R. The Evaluation of DHPMs as Biotoxic Agents on Pathogen Bacterial Membranes. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12020238. [PMID: 35207159 PMCID: PMC8878598 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12020238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we present biological studies on 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones (DHPMs) obtained via Biginelli reaction catalyzed by NH4Cl under solvent-free conditions. Until now, DHPMs have not been tested for biological activity against pathogenic E. coli strains. We tested 16 newly synthesized DHPMs as antimicrobial agents on model E. coli strains (K12 and R2–R4). Preliminary cellular studies using MIC and MBC tests and digestion of Fpg after modification of bacterial DNA suggest that these compounds may have greater potential as antibacterial agents than typically used antibiotics, such as ciprofloxacin (ci), bleomycin (b) and cloxacillin (cl). The described compounds are highly specific for pathogenic E. coli strains based on the model strains used and may be engaged in the future as new substitutes for commonly used antibiotics in clinical and nosocomial infections in the pandemic era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Gawdzik
- Institute of Chemistry, Jan Kochanowski University, Uniwersytecka 7, 25-406 Kielce, Poland;
- Correspondence: (B.G.); (P.K.)
| | - Paweł Kowalczyk
- Department of Animal Nutrition, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland
- Correspondence: (B.G.); (P.K.)
| | - Dominik Koszelewski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland; (D.K.); (A.B.); (R.O.)
| | - Anna Brodzka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland; (D.K.); (A.B.); (R.O.)
| | - Joanna Masternak
- Institute of Chemistry, Jan Kochanowski University, Uniwersytecka 7, 25-406 Kielce, Poland;
| | - Karol Kramkowski
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Kilińskiego 1 Str., 15-089 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Aleksandra Wypych
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, ul. Wileńska 4, 87-100 Toruń, Poland;
| | - Ryszard Ostaszewski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland; (D.K.); (A.B.); (R.O.)
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Impastato AC, Shemet A, Vepřek NA, Saper G, Hess H, Rao L, Gennerich A, Trauner D. Optical Control of Mitosis with a Photoswitchable Eg5 Inhibitor. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202115846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrej Shemet
- Department of Chemistry New York University New York 10003 USA
| | - Nynke A. Vepřek
- Department of Chemistry New York University New York 10003 USA
- Department of Chemistry Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich 81377 Munich Germany
| | - Gadiel Saper
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Columbia University New York 10025 USA
| | - Henry Hess
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Columbia University New York 10025 USA
| | - Lu Rao
- Department of Biochemistry Albert Einstein College of Medicine New York 10461 USA
| | - Arne Gennerich
- Department of Biochemistry Albert Einstein College of Medicine New York 10461 USA
| | - Dirk Trauner
- Department of Chemistry New York University New York 10003 USA
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Alrazi IMD, Ogunwa TH, Kolawole AO, Elekofehinti OO, Omotuyi OI, Miyanishi T, Maruta S. Kolaflavanone, a biflavonoid derived from medicinal plant Garcinia, is an inhibitor of mitotic kinesin Eg5. J Biochem 2021; 170:611-622. [PMID: 34264310 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvab083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitotic kinesin Eg5 remains a validated target in antimitotic therapy because of its essential role in the formation and maintenance of bipolar mitotic spindles. Although numerous Eg5 inhibitors of synthetic origin are known, only a few inhibitors derived from natural products have been reported. In our study, we focused on identifying novel Eg5 inhibitors from medicinal plants, particularly Garcinia species. Herein, we report the inhibitory effect of kolaflavanone (KLF), a Garcinia biflavonoid, on the ATPase and microtubule-gliding activities of mitotic kinesin Eg5. Additionally, we showed the interaction mechanism between Eg5 and KLF via in vitro and in silico analyses. The results revealed that KLF inhibited both the basal and microtubule-activated ATPase activities of Eg5. The inhibitory mechanism is allosteric, without a direct competition with adenosine-5'-diphosphate for the nucleotide-binding site. KLF also suppressed the microtubule gliding of Eg5 in vitro. The Eg5-KLF model obtained from molecular docking showed that the biflavonoid exists within the α2/α3/L5 (α2: Lys111-Glu116 and Ile135-Asp149, α3: Asn206-Thr226; L5: Gly117-Gly134) pocket, with a binding pose comparable to known Eg5 inhibitors. Overall, our data suggest that KLF is a novel allosteric inhibitor of mitotic kinesin Eg5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam M D Alrazi
- Department of Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Engineering, Soka University, 1-236 Tangi-cho, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-8577, Japan
| | - Tomisin H Ogunwa
- Department of Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Engineering, Soka University, 1-236 Tangi-cho, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-8577, Japan
| | - Ayodele O Kolawole
- Department of Biochemistry, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, PMB 704, Nigeria
| | - Olusola O Elekofehinti
- Department of Biochemistry, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, PMB 704, Nigeria
| | - Olaposi I Omotuyi
- Centre for Biocomputing and Drug Design, Biochemistry Department, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Ondo State, PMB 001, Nigeria
| | - Takayuki Miyanishi
- Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan
| | - Shinsaku Maruta
- Department of Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Engineering, Soka University, 1-236 Tangi-cho, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-8577, Japan
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