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BalaYadav R, Pathak DP, Varshney R, Arora R. Design and optimization of a novel herbosomal-loaded PEG-poloxamer topical formulation for the treatment of cold injuries: a quality-by-design approach. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2022; 12:2793-2823. [PMID: 35445943 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-022-01140-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The spectrum of cold injuries ranges from frostnip, chilblains to severe frostbite. Cold injuries occur upon prolonged exposure to freezing temperature and are pathologically a combination of ice crystal formation in the tissue resulting in inflammation, thrombosis and ischemia in the extremities, often necessitating limb amputation in extreme cases due to tissue necrosis. Severe forms of frostbite are a cause of major concern to patients as well as the treating physician. Due to the lack of effective treatment modalities and paucity of research on prophylaxis and therapeutics of cold injuries, we developed a novel herbosomal-loaded PEG-poloxamer topical formulation (n-HPTF) employing quality-by-design (QBD) approach. Natural compounds exhibiting potent therapeutic potential for the management of cold injuries were incorporated in novel lipid vesicles (herbosomes) loaded in PEG-poloxamer polymers. The herbosomal formulation effectively creates an occlusion barrier that promotes epithelial regeneration, desmosome scale-up and angiogenesis and thus promotes rapid healing, indicating controlled release of herbosomes. Optimized novel herbosomes showed entrapment efficiency > 90% and < 300 nm mean particle size and in vitro drug permeation of about 2 µg/cm2 followed Higuchi's release kinetics. Skin irritancy study on female Sprague-Dawley rats showed no edema or erythema. In vivo bio-efficacy study revealed significant efficacy (p < 0.05) when compared to the standard treatment groups. Graphical abstract presenting the designing and optimization of novel herbosomal-loaded PEG-poloxamer topical formulation (n-HPTF) and predictive model for the in vivo study of the developed n-HPTF on cold injury rat skin model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renu BalaYadav
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, India
| | - Dharam Pal Pathak
- Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Research, Pushp Vihar, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajeev Varshney
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, India
| | - Rajesh Arora
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, India.
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Gupta A, Reshma G B, Singh P, Kohli E, Sengupta S, Ganguli M. A Combination of Synthetic Molecules Acts as Antifreeze for the Protection of Skin against Cold-Induced Injuries. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:252-264. [PMID: 35014815 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c01058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Seasonal and occupational exposure of the human body to extreme cold temperatures can result in cell death in the exposed area due to the formation of ice crystals. This leads to superficial or deep burn injury and compromised functionality. Currently available therapeutics can be ineffective in extreme cases, and thus, it is necessary to develop prophylactic strategies. In this study, we have devised a combination of known synthetic cryopreservative agents (termed SynAFP) and evaluated their potential antifreeze applications on skin. The prophylactic activity of SynAFP in vitro is indicated by improved cellular revival and cell viability, retention of the cytoskeleton, and normal cell cycle progression even after cold stress. A comprehensive whole-cell proteomic approach revealed that in the presence of SynAFP, cold-induced downregulation of proteins involved in cell-cell adhesion and upregulation of those related to mitochondrial stress were ameliorated. Pre-application of SynAFP in mice facing a frostbite challenge prevents their skin from incurring significant injury as confirmed through macroscopic and histological examination. Moreover, multiple applications of SynAFP on mouse skin at room temperature did not compromise skin integrity. SynAFP was also formulated in anAloe vera-based cream (referred to as fSynAFP), which offered similar protection under cold stress conditions. Thus, SynAFP can be considered as a potential candidate for formulating a topical intervention for protection from cold-induced injuries to skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aanchal Gupta
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi 110025, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Betsy Reshma G
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi 110025, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Praveen Singh
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi 110025, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Ekta Kohli
- Neurobiology Division, DIPAS, DRDO, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India
| | - Shantanu Sengupta
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi 110025, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Munia Ganguli
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi 110025, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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Regli IB, Strapazzon G, Falla M, Oberhammer R, Brugger H. Long-Term Sequelae of Frostbite-A Scoping Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18189655. [PMID: 34574580 PMCID: PMC8465633 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18189655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Frostbite is tissue damage caused by freezing temperatures and constitutes an important cause of morbidity in cold climate zones and high altitude. The direct effects of sub-zero temperatures lead to tissue freezing, electrolyte shifts and pH alterations, microvascular damage, and eventually to cell death. Upon rewarming, inflammatory reperfusion injury and thrombosis may lead to further tissue damage. Several studies and various case reports show that many patients suffer from long-term sequelae such as vasomotor disturbances (associated with susceptibility to refreezing), and neuropathic and nociceptive pain, as well as damage to skeletal structures. There are still many uncertainties regarding the pathophysiology of these sequelae. It has been shown that the transient receptor potential channel (TRP) family plays a role in cold allodynia. Botulinum Toxin type A (BTX-A) injections have been reported to be beneficial in vasomotor and neuropathic disturbances secondary to frostbite. Epidural sympathetic block has been used for short-term treatment of frostbite induced chronic pain. Furthermore, amitriptyline, gabapentinoids, and duloxetine may have some benefits. Frostbite arthritis clinically resembles regular osteoarthritis. In children there is a risk of epiphyseal cartilage damage leading to bone deformities. Despite some promising therapeutic concepts, the scarcity of data on frostbite long-term sequelae in the literature indicates the need of more in-depth studies of this pathology in all its aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo B. Regli
- Institute of Mountain Emergency Medicine, Eurac Research, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; (G.S.); (M.F.); (H.B.)
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, “F. Tappeiner” Hospital, 39012 Merano, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0471-055-863
| | - Giacomo Strapazzon
- Institute of Mountain Emergency Medicine, Eurac Research, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; (G.S.); (M.F.); (H.B.)
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Marika Falla
- Institute of Mountain Emergency Medicine, Eurac Research, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; (G.S.); (M.F.); (H.B.)
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of Trento, 38123 Rovereto, Italy
| | - Rosmarie Oberhammer
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Hospital of Brunico, 39031 Brunico, Italy;
| | - Hermann Brugger
- Institute of Mountain Emergency Medicine, Eurac Research, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; (G.S.); (M.F.); (H.B.)
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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