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Clemente G, Toledo J, Pérez-Lachaud G, Valle-Mora JF, Liedo P, Montoya P. Functional response and mutual interference in the parasitoid Coptera haywardi (Oglobin) (Hymenoptera: Diapriidae) attacking Anastrepha ludens (Loew) (Diptera: Tephritidae) pupae. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2024; 114:22-29. [PMID: 38235530 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485323000585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Functional response and mutual interference are important attributes of natural enemies that should be analysed in species with the potential to be used as biological control agents in order to increase the predictive power of the possible benefits and/or consequences of their release in the field. Our main objective was to determine the functional response and mutual interference of Coptera haywardi (Oglobin), a pupal parasitoid of economically important fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae). The functional response of C. haywardi on A. ludens pupae corresponded to a type II model, with an attack rate of 0.0134 host pupa/h and a handling time of 1.843 h, which reveals a meticulous selection process of pupal hosts. The effect of mutual interference among foraging females was negatively correlated with increased parasitoid density in the experimental arena, showing a gradual decline in attack rate per individual female. The increase in the number of foraging females also had an impact on the number of oviposition scars per pupa and the number of immature parasitoids per dissected pupa, but not on the percentage of adult emergence or the sex ratio. Our results suggest that C. haywardi could act as a complementary parasitoid in the control of fruit fly pupae, since the random distribution of these pupae in the soil would decrease the possibility of aggregation and mutual interference between foraging females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gibran Clemente
- Departamento de Ecología de Artrópodos y Manejo de Plagas, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR), Carretera Antiguo Aeropuerto Km 2.5, Tapachula, CP 30700, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - Jorge Toledo
- Departamento de Ecología de Artrópodos y Manejo de Plagas, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR), Carretera Antiguo Aeropuerto Km 2.5, Tapachula, CP 30700, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Pérez-Lachaud
- Departamento Conservación de la Biodiversidad, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR), Avenida Centenario km 5.5, CP 77014 Chetumal, Quintana Roo, Mexico
| | - Javier F Valle-Mora
- Departamento de Ecología de Artrópodos y Manejo de Plagas, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR), Carretera Antiguo Aeropuerto Km 2.5, Tapachula, CP 30700, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - Pablo Liedo
- Departamento de Ecología de Artrópodos y Manejo de Plagas, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR), Carretera Antiguo Aeropuerto Km 2.5, Tapachula, CP 30700, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - Pablo Montoya
- Instituto de Biociencias, Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Boulevard Akichino S/N, CP 30798, Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico
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Rezaei M, Karimzadeh J, Shakarami J. Mass Rearing Optimization of Cotesia vestalis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) Based on the Host and Parasitoid Densities. NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 49:258-267. [PMID: 31853746 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-019-00746-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to explore some simple ways to optimize the mass rearing of Cotesia vestalis (Haliday) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), one of the most important biocontrol agents of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). The effects of host and parasitoid initial densities on the quantity and quality of produced wasps were investigated. In particular, a factorial experiment was established using three different host densities (20, 50, and 100 P. xylostella larvae per cage) in presence of C. vestalis at three different densities (2, 5, and 7 females, with a 24-h exposure) in well-ventilated cages. There was a significant effect of wasp's initial density on the percentage parasitism (measured based on the cocoon and emerged adult wasps); comparatively the greatest percentage parasitism was obtained with five wasps per cage. Initial host density had no significant effects on the percentage parasitism, sex ratio, and larval period, but it influenced the survival rate (measured based on the cocoon and adult emerged) and pupal period of produced wasps, and also percentage host mortality. The density of 20 host larvae was the best in this regard. These findings were discussed in the contexts of optimum mass rearing, life history, and potential of C. vestalis as a biological control agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Rezaei
- Dept of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares Univ, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Karimzadeh
- Dept of Plant Protection, Isfahan Research and Education Center for Agriculture and Natural Resources, AREEO, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Jahanshir Shakarami
- Dept of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan Univ, Khorramabad, Iran
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Rezaei M, Talebi AA, Fathipour Y, Karimzadeh J, Mehrabadi M. Foraging behavior of Aphidius matricariae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) on tobacco aphid, Myzus persicae nicotianae (Hemiptera: Aphididae). BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2019; 109:840-848. [PMID: 30968799 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485319000166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the foraging behavior of Aphidius matricariae (Haliday) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) as a biological control agent of Myzus persicae nicotianae Blackman (Hemiptera: Aphididae), a key and cosmopolitan pest of tobacco fields. To achieve a strategy for the control of this pest and a mass-rearing program of the parasitoid, host stage preference, switching, functional response, and mutual interference of A. matricariae were investigated at 25 ± 1°C, 70 ± 5% RH and 16:8 h L:D photoperiod. The parasitoid showed a preference for third- and fourth-instar nymphs of tobacco aphid in both choice and no-choice experiments. Using the Murdach's model, switching behavior was observed in A. matricariae between different density proportions of third- and fourth-instar nymphs. Further, the parasitoid exhibited a type II functional response when it was offered to third-instar nymphs of M. persicae nicotianae at six densities (2, 4, 8, 16, 32, and 64). Based on the linear regression analysis, there was a significance difference between the logarithm of per capita searching efficiency and the logarithm of parasitoid density. As the wasp density increased, per capita searching efficiency decreased. The result of this study revealed that A. matricariae is an effective agent in the integrated management of M. persicae nicotianae. In addition, application of these results can be important in mass-rearing program of A. matricariae.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rezaei
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-336 Tehran, Iran
| | - A A Talebi
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-336 Tehran, Iran
| | - Y Fathipour
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-336 Tehran, Iran
| | - J Karimzadeh
- Department of Plant Protection, Isfahan Research and Education Center for Agriculture and Natural Resources, AREEO, Isfahan, Iran
| | - M Mehrabadi
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-336 Tehran, Iran
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Ge Y, Camara I, Wang Y, Liu P, Zhang L, Xing Y, Li A, Shi W. Predation of Aphis craccivora (Hemiptera: Aphididae) by Orius sauteri (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) Under Different Temperatures. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2018; 111:2599-2604. [PMID: 30169862 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toy255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Aphids are important agricultural pests because of their feeding and, for many species, their ability to transmit plant pathogenic viruses. Orius sauteri (Poppius) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) is an important predator in northern China of many aphid species, including Aphis craccivora (Koch) (Hemiptera: Aphididae). We measured the functional response and intraspecific competition of O. sauteri under different densities of A. craccivora at several constant temperatures. Predation of O. sauteri on A. craccivora conformed to Holling's type II functional response at all temperatures tested. The predation capability of O. sauteri showed a significant correlation with temperature. The predation capacity of O. sauteri was highest at 25°C, at which temperature we found the highest instantaneous attack rate (a = 0.8711), the theoretical maximum number of aphids captured (181.36), and the shortest handling time (Th = 0.0055). Predation by O. sauteri increased progressively with temperature from 15 to 25°C, but then decreased at 30°C. Intraspecific competition of O. sauteri increased positively with predator density under all temperatures examined. Our results indicate O. sauteri has significant potential for use as a biocontrol agent, under a wide range of temperatures. The inverse density-dependent predation and intraspecific competition of O. sauteri suggests that to obtain the greatest degree of pest suppression, releases of O. sauteri should begin early in the cropping season and numbers released should take prey density into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Ge
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan Xilu No. 2, College of Plant Protection, CAU, Beijing, China
| | - Ibrahima Camara
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan Xilu No. 2, College of Plant Protection, CAU, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan Xilu No. 2, College of Plant Protection, CAU, Beijing, China
| | - Pingping Liu
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan Xilu No. 2, College of Plant Protection, CAU, Beijing, China
| | - Liu Zhang
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan Xilu No. 2, College of Plant Protection, CAU, Beijing, China
| | - Yongjie Xing
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan Xilu No. 2, College of Plant Protection, CAU, Beijing, China
| | - Aomei Li
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan Xilu No. 2, College of Plant Protection, CAU, Beijing, China
| | - Wangpeng Shi
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan Xilu No. 2, College of Plant Protection, CAU, Beijing, China
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Calvo FJ, Torres-Ruiz A, Velázquez-González J, Rodríguez-Leyva E, Lomeli-Flores JR. Improved Sweetpotato Whitefly and Potato Psyllid Control in Tomato by Combining the Mirid Dicyphus hesperus (Heteroptera: Miridae) With Specialist Parasitic Wasps. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2018; 111:549-555. [PMID: 29365143 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tox362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) and Bactericera cockerelli Sulcer (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) are important pests in tomato, and the mirid Dicyphus hesperus Knight (Heteroptera: Miridae) has been shown as an effective predator of both pests. Although the predator was able to suppress populations of both pests, the remaining levels could still exceed tolerable levels. Thus, we here hypothesized whether the combination of D. hesperus with the specialist parasitoids Eretmocerus eremicus Rose y Zolnerowich (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) (whitefly) and Tamarixia triozae (Burks) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) (psyllid) would result in better pest control on a greenhouse scale. For that, we conducted a trial in which we compared the results against B. tabaci and B. cockerelli in greenhouses treated with D. hesperus alone or the predator in combination with the specialist parasitoids. The results showed that the predator was able to establish and suppress B. tabaci and B. cockerelli in tomato, but the addition of the specialist parasitoids resulted in better and more cost-effective pest control. Implementation of this method would therefore increase the robustness and reliability of biocontrol-based integrated pest management programmes for tomato crops, over methods based exclusively on D. hesperus release.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Calvo
- R&D Department. Koppert España S.L. Calle Cobre, Polígono Ind. Ciudad del Transporte. La Mojonera, Almería, Spain
| | - A Torres-Ruiz
- R&D Department, Koppert México SA de CV, Circuito el Marqués Norte, Parque Ind. El Marqués, El Marqués, Querétaro, México
| | - J Velázquez-González
- R&D Department, Koppert México SA de CV, Circuito el Marqués Norte, Parque Ind. El Marqués, El Marqués, Querétaro, México
| | - E Rodríguez-Leyva
- Posgrado en Fitosanidad, Entomología y Acarología, Colegio de Postgraduados, Carretera México-Texcoco, Montecillo, Texcoco, Estado de México, México
| | - J R Lomeli-Flores
- Posgrado en Fitosanidad, Entomología y Acarología, Colegio de Postgraduados, Carretera México-Texcoco, Montecillo, Texcoco, Estado de México, México
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Hanan A, He XZ, Wang Q. Insight into the success of whitefly biological control using parasitoids: evidence from the Eretmocerus warrae-Trialeurodes vaporariorum system. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2017; 73:2294-2301. [PMID: 28493468 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mechanisms behind the success and failure of whitefly biological control using parasitoids are largely unknown. Here we use the Eretmocerus warrae-greenhouse whitefly system to investigate how the fluctuating density of the parasitoid and its host affects three key parasitoid fitness parameters, host searching, host feeding and parasitization, providing critical knowledge for evaluation and development of whitefly biological control programmes. This is the first such study in a parasitoid-whitefly system. RESULTS Models used and developed here show that (1) both host feeding and parasitism fit a type II functional response; (2) overall parasitoid-caused whitefly mortality significantly increases with growing density of both organisms and the parasitoid density has a significantly more positive effect; (3) with a pro-synovigenic nature, E. warrae allocate significantly more resources to parasitization than to host feeding activity in low whitefly density and high parasitoid density; and (4) low mutual interference among searching parasitoids encourages parasitoid aggregation on host patches of high density. CONCLUSION Regardless of greenhouse whitefly density, the pest can be effectively controlled by release of E. warrae. Our study provides insight into the success of whitefly biological control programmes using the parasitoid augmentation approach. Models used and developed here can also be employed to evaluate biological control programmes for other parasitoid-whitefly systems. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Hanan
- Balochistan Agricultural Research and Development Centre, Quetta, Pakistan
- Institute of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Xiong Z He
- Institute of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Qiao Wang
- Institute of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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