1
|
Oyeniran OH, Courage FD, Ademiluyi AO, Oboh G. Sweet basil ( Ocimum basilicum) leaf and seed extracts alleviate neuronal dysfunction in aluminum chloride-induced neurotoxicity in Drosophila melanogaster Meigen model. Drug Chem Toxicol 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38433659 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2024.2317828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Ocimum basilicum is an important medicinal plant and culinary herb generally known as sweet basil (SB). These plants are effective radical scavengers, that have been employed in treatment of nervous system disorders, and thus, could be beneficial for the management of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). Current clinical treatments for NDs present several side effects, therefore, there is need to develop new treatments that can mitigate these deadly diseases. Hence, this study investigated the neuroprotective activities of SB leaf and seed in aluminum chloride (AlCl3)-induced toxicity in Drosophila melanogaster. HPLC characterization of the leaves and seeds were carried out. AlCl3-diet was used to induce neurodegeneration and treated flies received SB leaf and seed extracts-supplemented diet. Survival and locomotor performance activities/levels of oxidative biomarkers [reactive oxygen species (ROS), thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS), total thiol, catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST)], enzymes linked with neurodegeneration (acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and monoamine oxidase (MAO)) were investigated. SB leaf had significantly (p < 0.05) higher polyphenol contents; gallic acid and P-coumaric acid were the most abundant polyphenol in the leaf and seed respectively. Percentage survival and locomotor rates, level/activities of total thiol, catalase, SOD and GST were significantly (p < 0.05) reduced while ROS, TBARS, AChE and MAO activities were significantly (p < 0.05) increased in AlCl3-diet-fed flies. Treatment with SB leaf and seed diet lessened these observed impairments. However, SB leaf had better neuroprotective activities that could be related to the observed higher phenolic constituents. Hence, SB leaf diet may offer improved therapeutic effect in NDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olubukola H Oyeniran
- Phytomedicine and Molecular Toxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Famusiwa D Courage
- Phytomedicine and Molecular Toxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Adedayo O Ademiluyi
- Functional Foods, Nutraceuticals and Phytomedicine Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Ganiyu Oboh
- Functional Foods, Nutraceuticals and Phytomedicine Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Santiago FP, Alavez-Rosas D, Rojas JC. Rearing and 60Co radiation do not affect attractiveness but alter the volatile profiles released by Anastrepha obliqua calling males. Bull Entomol Res 2024:1-7. [PMID: 38356354 DOI: 10.1017/s000748532400004x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Calling males of Anastrepha obliqua release volatile compounds to attract conspecific males to form leks and females to mate. Male volatiles from Mexican and Brazilian populations of A. obliqua have been previously identified. However, there are differences in the number and identity of volatile compounds between the populations. These differences in volatile profiles may be due to male origin (e.g. wild or mass-reared flies) or methodological issues (e.g. sampling techniques). In this study, we evaluated the attractiveness of wild, laboratory non-irradiated, and laboratory-irradiated flies under semi-field conditions. Male volatiles were collected using dynamic headspace sampling (DHS) and solid-phase microextraction (SPME) techniques, and identified using gas chromatography-coupled mass spectrometry. The results showed no difference in the attractiveness of wild, laboratory non-irradiated, and irradiated males to females. However, the number of captured females differed according to the origin; wild and non-irradiated females were captured more frequently than the irradiated flies. A total of 21 compounds were found using SPME, whereas only 12 were collected using DHS, although the relative amounts of these compounds were higher than those obtained using the former sampling technique. In addition, only laboratory non-irradiated males released α-pinene and menthol, which have not been previously reported in this fruit fly species. Additionally, we identified novel compounds in A. obliqua; however, certain compounds previously reported were not detected. This study suggests that despite the qualitative and quantitative variations in the volatile profiles of A. obliqua males, their attractiveness was unaffected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frida P Santiago
- Grupo de Ecología Química, Departamento de Ecología de Artrópodos y Manejo de Plagas, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR), Carretera Antiguo Aeropuerto Km. 2.5, Tapachula, Chiapas 30700, Mexico
| | - David Alavez-Rosas
- Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, CDMX 04510, Mexico
| | - Julio C Rojas
- Grupo de Ecología Química, Departamento de Ecología de Artrópodos y Manejo de Plagas, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR), Carretera Antiguo Aeropuerto Km. 2.5, Tapachula, Chiapas 30700, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mallick A, Dacks AM, Gaudry Q. Olfactory Critical Periods: How Odor Exposure Shapes the Developing Brain in Mice and Flies. Biology (Basel) 2024; 13:94. [PMID: 38392312 PMCID: PMC10886215 DOI: 10.3390/biology13020094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Neural networks have an extensive ability to change in response to environmental stimuli. This flexibility peaks during restricted windows of time early in life called critical periods. The ubiquitous occurrence of this form of plasticity across sensory modalities and phyla speaks to the importance of critical periods for proper neural development and function. Extensive investigation into visual critical periods has advanced our knowledge of the molecular events and key processes that underlie the impact of early-life experience on neuronal plasticity. However, despite the importance of olfaction for the overall survival of an organism, the cellular and molecular basis of olfactory critical periods have not garnered extensive study compared to visual critical periods. Recent work providing a comprehensive mapping of the highly organized olfactory neuropil and its development has in turn attracted a growing interest in how these circuits undergo plasticity during critical periods. Here, we perform a comparative review of olfactory critical periods in fruit flies and mice to provide novel insight into the importance of early odor exposure in shaping neural circuits and highlighting mechanisms found across sensory modalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahana Mallick
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Andrew M Dacks
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Quentin Gaudry
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Clemente G, Toledo J, Pérez-Lachaud G, Valle-Mora JF, Liedo P, Montoya P. Functional response and mutual interference in the parasitoid Coptera haywardi (Oglobin) (Hymenoptera: Diapriidae) attacking Anastrepha ludens (Loew) (Diptera: Tephritidae) pupae. Bull Entomol Res 2024; 114:22-29. [PMID: 38235530 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485323000585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Functional response and mutual interference are important attributes of natural enemies that should be analysed in species with the potential to be used as biological control agents in order to increase the predictive power of the possible benefits and/or consequences of their release in the field. Our main objective was to determine the functional response and mutual interference of Coptera haywardi (Oglobin), a pupal parasitoid of economically important fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae). The functional response of C. haywardi on A. ludens pupae corresponded to a type II model, with an attack rate of 0.0134 host pupa/h and a handling time of 1.843 h, which reveals a meticulous selection process of pupal hosts. The effect of mutual interference among foraging females was negatively correlated with increased parasitoid density in the experimental arena, showing a gradual decline in attack rate per individual female. The increase in the number of foraging females also had an impact on the number of oviposition scars per pupa and the number of immature parasitoids per dissected pupa, but not on the percentage of adult emergence or the sex ratio. Our results suggest that C. haywardi could act as a complementary parasitoid in the control of fruit fly pupae, since the random distribution of these pupae in the soil would decrease the possibility of aggregation and mutual interference between foraging females.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gibran Clemente
- Departamento de Ecología de Artrópodos y Manejo de Plagas, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR), Carretera Antiguo Aeropuerto Km 2.5, Tapachula, CP 30700, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - Jorge Toledo
- Departamento de Ecología de Artrópodos y Manejo de Plagas, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR), Carretera Antiguo Aeropuerto Km 2.5, Tapachula, CP 30700, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Pérez-Lachaud
- Departamento Conservación de la Biodiversidad, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR), Avenida Centenario km 5.5, CP 77014 Chetumal, Quintana Roo, Mexico
| | - Javier F Valle-Mora
- Departamento de Ecología de Artrópodos y Manejo de Plagas, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR), Carretera Antiguo Aeropuerto Km 2.5, Tapachula, CP 30700, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - Pablo Liedo
- Departamento de Ecología de Artrópodos y Manejo de Plagas, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR), Carretera Antiguo Aeropuerto Km 2.5, Tapachula, CP 30700, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - Pablo Montoya
- Instituto de Biociencias, Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Boulevard Akichino S/N, CP 30798, Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Paul MS, Michener SL, Pan H, Chan H, Pfliger JM, Rosenfeld JA, Lerma VC, Tran A, Longley MA, Lewis RA, Weisz-Hubshman M, Bekheirnia MR, Bekheirnia N, Massingham L, Zech M, Wagner M, Engels H, Cremer K, Mangold E, Peters S, Trautmann J, Mester JL, Guillen Sacoto MJ, Person R, McDonnell PP, Cohen SR, Lusk L, Cohen ASA, Le Pichon JB, Pastinen T, Zhou D, Engleman K, Racine C, Faivre L, Moutton S, Denommé-Pichon AS, Koh HY, Poduri A, Bolton J, Knopp C, Julia Suh DS, Maier A, Toosi MB, Karimiani EG, Maroofian R, Schaefer GB, Ramakumaran V, Vasudevan P, Prasad C, Osmond M, Schuhmann S, Vasileiou G, Russ-Hall S, Scheffer IE, Carvill GL, Mefford H, Bacino CA, Lee BH, Chao HT. A syndromic neurodevelopmental disorder caused by rare variants in PPFIA3. Am J Hum Genet 2024; 111:96-118. [PMID: 38181735 PMCID: PMC10806447 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2023.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
PPFIA3 encodes the protein-tyrosine phosphatase, receptor-type, F-polypeptide-interacting-protein-alpha-3 (PPFIA3), which is a member of the LAR-protein-tyrosine phosphatase-interacting-protein (liprin) family involved in synapse formation and function, synaptic vesicle transport, and presynaptic active zone assembly. The protein structure and function are evolutionarily well conserved, but human diseases related to PPFIA3 dysfunction are not yet reported in OMIM. Here, we report 20 individuals with rare PPFIA3 variants (19 heterozygous and 1 compound heterozygous) presenting with developmental delay, intellectual disability, hypotonia, dysmorphisms, microcephaly or macrocephaly, autistic features, and epilepsy with reduced penetrance. Seventeen unique PPFIA3 variants were detected in 18 families. To determine the pathogenicity of PPFIA3 variants in vivo, we generated transgenic fruit flies producing either human wild-type (WT) PPFIA3 or five missense variants using GAL4-UAS targeted gene expression systems. In the fly overexpression assays, we found that the PPFIA3 variants in the region encoding the N-terminal coiled-coil domain exhibited stronger phenotypes compared to those affecting the C-terminal region. In the loss-of-function fly assay, we show that the homozygous loss of fly Liprin-α leads to embryonic lethality. This lethality is partially rescued by the expression of human PPFIA3 WT, suggesting human PPFIA3 function is partially conserved in the fly. However, two of the tested variants failed to rescue the lethality at the larval stage and one variant failed to rescue lethality at the adult stage. Altogether, the human and fruit fly data reveal that the rare PPFIA3 variants are dominant-negative loss-of-function alleles that perturb multiple developmental processes and synapse formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maimuna S Paul
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA; Cain Pediatric Neurology Research Foundation Laboratories, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sydney L Michener
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA; Cain Pediatric Neurology Research Foundation Laboratories, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hongling Pan
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hiuling Chan
- Cain Pediatric Neurology Research Foundation Laboratories, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA; Augustana College, Rock Island, IL, USA; Summer Undergraduate Research Training (SMART) Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jessica M Pfliger
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA; Graduate Program in Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jill A Rosenfeld
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vanesa C Lerma
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alyssa Tran
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Megan A Longley
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Richard A Lewis
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Monika Weisz-Hubshman
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mir Reza Bekheirnia
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Renal Genetics Clinic, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nasim Bekheirnia
- Renal Genetics Clinic, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lauren Massingham
- Rhode Island Hospital and Hasbro Children's Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Michael Zech
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Technical University, Munich, Germany; Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Matias Wagner
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Technical University, Munich, Germany; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Neurology and Social Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Hartmut Engels
- Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kirsten Cremer
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Neurology and Social Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Mangold
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Neurology and Social Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Sophia Peters
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Neurology and Social Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Jessica Trautmann
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Neurology and Social Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Pamela P McDonnell
- Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN), Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Stacey R Cohen
- Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN), Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Laina Lusk
- Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN), Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ana S A Cohen
- Children's Mercy Kansas City, Genomic Medicine Center, The University of Missouri-Kansas City (UMKC), School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | | | - Tomi Pastinen
- Children's Mercy Kansas City, Genomic Medicine Center, The University of Missouri-Kansas City (UMKC), School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO, USA; Children's Mercy Research Institute, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Dihong Zhou
- Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | | | - Caroline Racine
- University Hospital, Dijon, France; INSERM UMR1231 GAD "Génétique des Anomalies Du Développement," FHU-TRANSLAD, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France; Functional Unit for Diagnostic Innovation in Rare Diseases, FHU-TRANSLAD, Dijon Bourgogne, France
| | - Laurence Faivre
- Functional Unit for Diagnostic Innovation in Rare Diseases, FHU-TRANSLAD, Dijon Bourgogne, France; Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Development Disorders and Intellectual Disabilities, FHU-TRANSLAD and GIMI Institute, Dijon Bourgogne University Hospital, Dijon, France
| | - Sébastien Moutton
- Functional Unit for Diagnostic Innovation in Rare Diseases, FHU-TRANSLAD, Dijon Bourgogne, France; Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Development Disorders and Intellectual Disabilities, FHU-TRANSLAD and GIMI Institute, Dijon Bourgogne University Hospital, Dijon, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Denommé-Pichon
- University Hospital, Dijon, France; INSERM UMR1231 GAD "Génétique des Anomalies Du Développement," FHU-TRANSLAD, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France; Functional Unit for Diagnostic Innovation in Rare Diseases, FHU-TRANSLAD, Dijon Bourgogne, France
| | - Hyun Yong Koh
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Annapurna Poduri
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey Bolton
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cordula Knopp
- Institute for Human Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH, Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Dong Sun Julia Suh
- Institute for Human Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH, Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andrea Maier
- Medical Treatment Center for Adults with Intellectual Disabilities and/or Severe Multiple Disabilities (MZEB), RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mehran Beiraghi Toosi
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Neuroscience Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ehsan Ghayoor Karimiani
- Department of Medical Genetics, Next Generation Genetic Polyclinic, Mashhad, Iran; Molecular and Clinical Sciences Institute, St. George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, UK
| | - Reza Maroofian
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | | | | | - Pradeep Vasudevan
- LNR Genomics Medicine, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Chitra Prasad
- London Health Sciences Centre, and Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Matthew Osmond
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Sarah Schuhmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Georgia Vasileiou
- Institute of Human Genetics, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sophie Russ-Hall
- Epilepsy Research Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, VIC, Australia
| | - Ingrid E Scheffer
- Epilepsy Research Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, VIC, Australia; Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Florey and Murdoch Children's Research Institutes, VIC, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Gemma L Carvill
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Heather Mefford
- Center for Pediatric Neurological Disease Research, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Carlos A Bacino
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Brendan H Lee
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hsiao-Tuan Chao
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA; Cain Pediatric Neurology Research Foundation Laboratories, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; McNair Medical Institute, The Robert and Janice McNair Foundation, Houston, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fu Z, Huda A, Kimbrough IF, Ni L. Using Drosophila Two-Choice Assay to Study Optogenetics in Hands-On Neurobiology Laboratory Activities. J Undergrad Neurosci Educ 2023; 22:A45-A50. [PMID: 38322398 PMCID: PMC10768822 DOI: 10.59390/sdwh9124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Optogenetics has made a significant impact on neuroscience, allowing activation and inhibition of neural activity with exquisite spatiotemporal precision in response to light. In this lab session, we use fruit flies to help students understand the fundamentals of optogenetics through hands-on activities. The CsChrimson channelrhodopsin, a light-activated cation channel, is expressed in sweet and bitter sensory neurons. Sweet sensory neurons guide animals to identify nutrient-rich food and drive appetitive behaviors, while bitter sensory neurons direct animals to avoid potentially toxic substances and guide aversive behavior. Students use two-choice assays to explore the causality between the stimulation activation of these neurons and the appetitive and avoidance behaviors of the fruit flies. To quantify their observations, students calculate preference indices and use the Student's t-test to analyze their data. After this lab session, students are expected to have a basic understanding of optogenetics, fly genetics, sensory perception, and how these relate to sensory-guided behaviors. They will also learn to conduct, quantify, and analyze two-choice behavioral assays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Fu
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Ainul Huda
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Ian F Kimbrough
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22903
| | - Lina Ni
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Dhadde SB, Kalshetti MS, Thippeswamy BS. Synthesis of chromium-D-phenylalanine complex and exploring its effects on reproduction and development in Drosophila melanogaster. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1258081. [PMID: 38161706 PMCID: PMC10755887 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1258081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to explore the effect of Chromium-D-phenylalanine (Cr (D-phe)3) on the reproduction and development of Drosophila melanogaster. Cr (D-phe)3 was synthesized and characterized by infrared spectral analysis, melting point (DSC), and UV spectral analysis. D. melanogaster was raised in corn flour agar medium containing 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 μg/mL of Cr (D-phe)3. The effect of Cr (D-phe)3 was evaluated by observing the larval period, pupal period, percentage of egg hatching, morphometric analysis of eggs, larvae, pupae and adults, fertility, fecundity, lifespan of the emerged flies, and levels of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the supernatant of flies homogenate suspension. The study results indicate that Cr (D-phe)3 showed beneficial effects on reproduction and development in D. melanogaster. Cr (D-phe)3 significantly improved the larval period, pupal period, percentage of egg hatching, morphometric characters of the larva, pupa, and adult, fertility, fecundity, and lifespan of D. melanogaster. Moreover, Cr (D-phe)3 also significantly elevated the levels of catalase (p < 0.01), GST (p < 0.05), and SOD (p < 0.01) in D. melanogaster, and results were statistically significant at the dose of 15 μg/mL. The study results indicate that Cr (D-phe)3 has a positive effect on the reproduction and development of D. melanogaster. The literature review revealed that there is a strong relationship between the physiology of metabolism, oxidative stress and reproduction and development. Several studies propose that Cr(III) influences insulin sensitivity and thereby the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Cr (D-phe)3 also has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Hence, the observed beneficial effects of Cr (D-phe)3 on reproduction and development of D. melanogaster may be attributed to its physiological effect on carbohydrate, protein, and lipid metabolism and its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shivsharan B. Dhadde
- Krishna Institute of Pharmacy, Krishna Vishwa Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Karad, Maharashtra, India
- D.S.T.S. Mandal’s College of Pharmacy, Solapur, Maharashtra, India
| | | | - B. S. Thippeswamy
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Al-Dawadmi, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
Individual species of bacteria and yeast present in the food of wild fruit flies work together to provide the nutrients needed for larval growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosana BR Ferreira
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of KansasLawrenceUnited States
| | - L Caetano M Antunes
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of KansasLawrenceUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Toledo J, Morán-Aceves BM, Ibarra JE, Liedo P. Can Entomopathogenic Nematodes and Their Symbiotic Bacteria Suppress Fruit Fly Pests? A Review. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1682. [PMID: 37512856 PMCID: PMC10384719 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) are serious pests that affect fruit production and marketing. Both third instar larvae and pupae are biological stages that persist in the soil until adult emergence. Entomopathogenic nematodes (ENs) are biological control agents that are used to control agricultural pests in greenhouse or field conditions. Several studies have been carried out under laboratory and field conditions showing how ENs can be applied within an area-wide integrated pest management approach to control fruit fly species in orchards and backyard fruit trees. In this review, we analyze how soil physical characteristics and biotic factors affect the performance of these biological control agents. Of the reviewed papers, more than half evaluated the influence of soil texture, humidity, temperature, and other factors on the performance of infective juveniles (IJs). Abiotic factors that significantly influence the performance of IJs are temperature, humidity, and texture. Among the biotic factors that affect IJs are fungi, bacteria, mites, insects, and earthworms. We conclude that ENs have the potential to be applied in the drip area of fruit trees that are infested by fruit flies and contribute to their suppression. This approach, in conjunction with an area-wide pest management approach, may contribute to pest suppression and increase the sustainability of agroecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Toledo
- El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Tapachula 30700, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - Brenda M Morán-Aceves
- Laboratorio de Reproducción de Hongos Entomopatógenos, Asociación de Cañeros del Soconusco, A.C. CNPR, Huixtla 30640, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - Jorge E Ibarra
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioquímica, Centro de Investigaciones y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV-IPN), Irapuato 36500, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Pablo Liedo
- El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Tapachula 30700, Chiapas, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Baxter CM, Shams I, Dworkin I, Dukas R. Genetic correlation between aggressive signals and fighting. Biol Lett 2023; 19:20220616. [PMID: 37073527 PMCID: PMC10114015 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2022.0616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Theoretical analyses indicate that aggressive signals should positively correlate with the signallers' willingness and abilities to fight. Few experimental studies, however, have tested this prediction. In two experiments employing distinct, ecologically realistic protocols, we quantified the association between aggressive signals and fighting in fruit fly genotypes and found high positive genetic correlations between threat and fighting (rG = 0.80 and 0.74). Our results add to the growing body of experimental work indicating that aggressive signals have relatively high informational value.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carling M. Baxter
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4K1
| | - Ieta Shams
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4K1
| | - Ian Dworkin
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4K1
| | - Reuven Dukas
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4K1
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Narveh Awarikabey E, Afun JVK, Osekre EA, Billah MK. Mango phenology and fruit fly population dynamics in the transition zone of Ghana. Bull Entomol Res 2023; 113:169-179. [PMID: 36068699 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485322000438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Crop phenological studies are vital in the formulation of effective integrated pest management packages. A 2-year phenological study spanning 2017-2019 was conducted in eight mango orchards in the transition zone of Ghana, to determine the relationship between the aggregation of culprit fruit fly species and the phenology of the mango crop. A total of 160 shoots were tagged and observed weekly for the plant's developmental processes using the Biologische Bundesantalt, Bundessortenamt and Chemische Industrie mango phenological scale as a guide. Fruit fly monitoring was conducted with two para pheromone attractants (methyl eugenol and terpinyl acetate) in 32 improvised traps. Host fruits sampled at colour break and ripe stages were incubated to identify culprit species. Significant infestation levels were assessed with one way analysis of variance. Three culprit species (Bactrocera dorsalis, Ceratitis cosyra and Ceratitis ditissima) emerged from incubated fruits. Co-infestation between B. dorsalis and C. cosyra was observed mostly at colour break. A residual population of B. dorsalis was observed throughout the crop cycle but peaked at the colour break phenological stage in May and early June, and dropped in August (at post-harvest). The interaction among fruit fly species, season, fruit source and phenological stage of the fruit was significant (P = 0.016). C. cosyra appeared at the beginning of anthesis, increased during flowering to fruit set and peaked in April when fruits were nearing maturity and green. It is therefore important that management practices are implemented throughout the phenological cycle of the crop but intensified from anthesis to post-harvest to reduce pest populations and damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Maxwell Kelvin Billah
- Department of Animal Biology and Conservation Science, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG. 67, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Villa-Ayala P, Hernández-Reynoso J, Jiménez-Pérez A. Mate Selection on Anastrepha curvicauda: Effect of Weight, Age, and Virginity. Insects 2023; 14:317. [PMID: 37103132 PMCID: PMC10143166 DOI: 10.3390/insects14040317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Sexual selection determines the evolution of the species by favoring some attributes that confer a reproductive advantage to those individuals with those attributes. Tephritidae flies do not always select the same traits when looking for a mating partner. Some aspects of the mating system of Anastrepha curvicauda are known; nevertheless, there is no information on the effect of age, size, and virginity when selecting a mating partner. We set up a series of experiments where a selector (male or female) may select between (a) an old or young partner, (b) a small or large partner, and (c) a virgin or mated partner. Males of A. curvicauda significantly preferred large, young, and virgin females, while females showed no preference for high- or low-quality males. The females' non-preference for a particular male is discussed in the light of their mating system.
Collapse
|
13
|
Bengochea M, Hassan B. Numerosity as a visual property: Evidence from two highly evolutionary distant species. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1086213. [PMID: 36846325 PMCID: PMC9949967 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1086213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Most animals, from humans to invertebrates, possess an ability to estimate numbers. This evolutionary advantage facilitates animals' choice of environments with more food sources, more conspecifics to increase mating success, and/or reduced predation risk among others. However, how the brain processes numerical information remains largely unknown. There are currently two lines of research interested in how numerosity of visual objects is perceived and analyzed in the brain. The first argues that numerosity is an advanced cognitive ability processed in high-order brain areas, while the second proposes that "numbers" are attributes of the visual scene and thus numerosity is processed in the visual sensory system. Recent evidence points to a sensory involvement in estimating magnitudes. In this Perspective, we highlight this evidence in two highly evolutionary distant species: humans and flies. We also discuss the advantages of studying numerical processing in fruit flies in order to dissect the neural circuits involved in and required for numerical processing. Based on experimental manipulation and the fly connectome, we propose a plausible neural network for number sense in invertebrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bassem Hassan
- *Correspondence: Mercedes Bengochea, ; Bassem Hassan,
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Moquet L, Jobart B, Fontaine R, Delatte H. Tri-trophic interactions among Fopius arisanus, Tephritid species and host plants suggest apparent competition. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e9742. [PMID: 36644698 PMCID: PMC9834009 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
When several polyphagous herbivore species share a parasitoid, the tri-trophic interaction networks can be difficult to predict. In addition to direct effects, the parasitoid may influence the herbivore community by mediating indirect interactions among hosts. The plant species can also modulate the parasitoid preference for a specific host. One of the indirect effects is apparent competition, a negative interaction between individuals as a result of the action of shared natural enemies. Here, we focus on the interactions between the parasitoid Fopius arisanus (Braconidae) and two generalist fruit fly pests: Bactrocera dorsalis and Bactrocera zonata (Tephritidae). This parasitoid was introduced into La Réunion in 2003 to control populations of B. zonata and can also interact with B. dorsalis since its invasion in 2017. Our main objective is to characterize the tri-trophic interactions between F. arisanus, fruit fly and host plant species. We developed a long-term field database of fruit collected before and after the parasitoid introduction and after the B. dorsalis invasion in order to compare parasitism rate and fruit fly infestation for the different periods. In laboratory assays, we investigated how the combination of fruit fly species and fruit can influence the preference of F. arisanus. In the field, before the invasion of B. dorsalis, the parasitism rate of F. arisanus was low and had a little impact on the fruit fly infestation rate. After the B. dorsalis invasion, we observed an increase in parasitism rate from 5% to 17%. A bioassay showed that females of F. arisanus could discriminate between eggs of different fruit fly and host plant species. The host plant species preference changed in relation to the fruit fly species inoculated. Field observations and laboratory experiments suggest the possible existence of apparent competition between B. dorsalis and B. zonata via F. arisanus.
Collapse
|
15
|
Camargos MG, Mota Carvalho D, Reis Júnior R, Alvarenga CD. The Spatial and Temporal Variations in the Superparasitism of Diachasmimorpha longicaudata Population Lines on Different Hosts After Field Release. Neotrop Entomol 2022; 51:752-760. [PMID: 35877062 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-022-00968-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Evaluating the behavior of the parasitoid Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in the field allows improving strategies for its release. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate spatial and temporal variations in the superparasitism of two populations of D. longicaudata on two fruit fly hosts after releasing them in a guava (Psidium guajava L.; cultivar 'Paluma') orchard. The two parasitoid populations used were CS and AS, which were reared on Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) and Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann), respectively. Four releases were carried out without host choice. Host larvae were offered to the parasitoids in sentinel traps attached at varying heights on the plant, and in plants located at eight different directions and seven distances (7.0, 21.0, 35.0, 49.0, 59.4, 63.0, and 69.3 m) from the center of the parasitoid release point. The traps remained in the orchard for 24, 48, and 168 h after release. After removing the traps, they were taken to the laboratory for scar counting. The percentages of parasitism, superparasitism, mortality, and emergence of parasitoids were determined. Data were analyzed using the generalized linear mixed-effect model (GLMM). The AS females were more active, as they exerted higher parasitism and superparasitism at the first distance and 48 h after release, leaving a higher number of oviposition scars on the host A. fraterculus. Additionally, higher host mortality was observed in A. fraterculus at the closest points and the first 48 h. The highest percentage of parasitoid emergence was observed in C. capitata parasitized by AS females.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ronaldo Reis Júnior
- State University of Montes Claros - Campus Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Núñez-Campero SR, González C, Rull J, Ovruski SM. Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) as extreme distribution indicator of two Neotropical fruit fly parasitoids in irrigated drylands of Argentina. Bull Entomol Res 2022; 112:636-645. [PMID: 35227335 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485322000013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The figitid Ganaspis pelleranoi and the braconid Doryctobracon areolatus (Hym: Braconidae, Opiinae) are wide-ranging (from Florida, USA to Argentina) fruit fly parasitoids with tropical and subtropical distribution with a wet and temperate climate. In Argentina, both parasitoid species are thought to be restricted to the subtropical rainforests of the northwest and northeast, locally known as 'Yungas' and 'Paranaense' forests, respectively. However, these species recently have been recorded at the Monte and Thistle of the Prepuna eco-region, an arid region of central-western Argentina. Despite the extreme environmental conditions, anthropic artificial irrigation seems to be playing a fundamental role in fostering the presence and persistence of these species. Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) models were developed to assess the suitability of these areas to harbor both species. The present work is a first approach to identify suitable areas for the distribution of these two fruit fly biological control agents in the American continent; based on 19 bioclimatic variables. Furthermore, the models resulting from including the new records in the 'Monte' eco-region suggest that local populations may become adapted to particular micro-environmental conditions generated by artificial irrigation. Models revealed that these artificial oases are suitable for G. pelleranoi but seem to be unsuitable for D. areolatus. This first and new approach to the area suitability of these species invites to produce models that reflect actual distribution including more records of presence in oases with similar conditions, thus decreasing the bias of the model generated by over reliance on areas with higher humidity (forest), which correspond to the distribution known before the inclusion of the new records.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Segundo R Núñez-Campero
- Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica de La Rioja (CRILAR), Provincia de La Rioja, UNLaR, SEGEMAR, UNCa, CONICET, Entre Ríos y Mendoza s/n, (5301), Anillaco, La Rioja, Argentina
- Universidad Nacional de La Rioja (UNLAR), IBICOPA, Av. Luis M. de la Fuente s/n. (5300), La Rioja, Argentina
| | - Carlos González
- Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica de La Rioja (CRILAR), Provincia de La Rioja, UNLaR, SEGEMAR, UNCa, CONICET, Entre Ríos y Mendoza s/n, (5301), Anillaco, La Rioja, Argentina
| | - Juan Rull
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI - CCT Tucumán - CONICET), Av. Belgrano y Pje. Caseros, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán (4000), Argentina
| | - Sergio M Ovruski
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI - CCT Tucumán - CONICET), Av. Belgrano y Pje. Caseros, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán (4000), Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Freilij D, Ferreyra LI, Vilardi JC, Rodriguez AI, Gómez-Cendra P. Fine Scale Microevolutionary and Demographic Processes Shaping a Wild Metapopulation Dynamics of the South American Fruit Fly Anastrepha fraterculus. Neotrop Entomol 2022; 51:339-355. [PMID: 35103980 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-022-00944-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedmann) is an important American pest species. Knowledge of its population dynamics is of particular interest for ecology, evolutionary biology, and management programs. In the present study, phenotypic, genotypic, and spatial data were combined, within the frame of landscape genetics, to uncover the spatial population genetic structure (SGS) and demographic processes of an Argentinian local population from the Yungas ecoregion. Eight simple sequence repeats (SSR) loci and six morphometric traits were analysed considering the hierarchical levels: tree/fruit/individual. Genetic variability estimates were high (HE = 0.72, RA = 4.39). Multivariate analyses of phenotypic data showed that in average 52.81% of variance is explained by the tree level, followed by between individuals 28.37%. Spatial analysis of morphological traits revealed a negative autocorrelation in all cases. SGS analysis and isolation by distance based on SSR showed no significant autocorrelation for molecular coancestry. The comparison between phenotypic (PST) and molecular (FST) differentiation identified positive selection in different fruits for all traits. Bayesian analysis revealed a cryptic structure within the population, with three clusters spatially separated. The results of this study showed a metapopulation dynamics. The genetic background of the components of this metapopulation is expected to change through time due to seasonality, repopulation activities, and high gene flow, with an estimated dispersal ability of at least 10 km. Effective population size (Ne) of the metapopulation was estimated in around 800 flies, and within subpopulations (clusters) Ne was associated with the levels of genetic drift experienced by the founding lineages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Damián Freilij
- Genética de Poblaciones Aplicada (GPA), Depto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura I Ferreyra
- Genética de Poblaciones Aplicada (GPA), Depto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan C Vilardi
- Genética de Poblaciones Aplicada (GPA), Depto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución (IEGEBA), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Angeles I Rodriguez
- Genética de Poblaciones Aplicada (GPA), Depto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paula Gómez-Cendra
- Genética de Poblaciones Aplicada (GPA), Depto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución (IEGEBA), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
Agriculture is one of the major farming activities, representing 32% of the gross domestic product of Madagascar and 74.3% of the population is involved in this activity. Fruit flies of the Tephritidae family are considered as the most destructive pests for agriculture in the country, nevertheless, few data exist on host plants and distribution of those pests. In the present study, we address those questions by conducting a large survey between November 2016 and July 2018 across the six agroecological regions of Madagascar. Fruit and vegetable were sampled from 198 plant species (wild and cultivated) and represented 37,965 fruits from all regions of Madagascar. The infestation index ranged from 0.06 to 538.46 pupae/kg, the infestation percentage was up to 54.84% in some samples, 63 plant species were considered as host of Tephritidae. Twelve fruit fly species were identified, seven of which were previously described as endemic, five species could be considered as widespread (altitudinal gradients between 1 and 1634 m asl) and major pests in Madagascar: Ceratitis malgassa (23 plant species from 12 families), Neoceratitis cyanescens (16 plant species from one family), Bactrocera dorsalis (18 plant species from 12 families), Dacus demmerezi (ten plant species from one family), Dacus vertebratus (six species from one family). Those results are of importance for implementation of control measures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Rasolofoarivao
- Département d'Entomologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université d'Antananarivo, B.P.: 906, Antananarivo, 101, Madagascar
| | - L H Raveloson Ravaomanarivo
- Département d'Entomologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université d'Antananarivo, B.P.: 906, Antananarivo, 101, Madagascar
| | - H Delatte
- CIRAD UMR PVBMT, Ambatobe, Antananarivo, 101, Madagascar
- FOFIFA CENRADERU-DRA Ambatobe, Antananarivo, 101, Madagascar
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Karsono AH, Tandrasasmita OM, Berlian G, Tjandrawinata RR. Potential Antiaging Effects of DLBS1649, a Centella asiatica Bioactive Extract. J Exp Pharmacol 2021; 13:781-795. [PMID: 34413686 PMCID: PMC8369046 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s299547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Centella asiatica is a traditional medicinal plant, especially for wound healing and as a neuroprotective agent. DLBS1649 is a bioactive extract from C. asiatica, and was studied to investigate its benefits as an antiaging agent. Methods DLBS1649 was administered to HEK293 and 3T3L1 mammalian cells cultured in a time- or dose-dependent manner. Telomere length analysis was performed. TERT, CMYC, SIRT1, SIRT2, and KL expression were observed using reverse-transcription qPCR. Telomerase protein was studied with ELISA, while calorie restriction was observed using Oil Red O. In vivo study was conducted using Drosophila melanogaster with restricted mean survival time as the statistical method of analysis. Results DLBS1649 50 µg/mL showed an effect in the prevention of telomere shortening by 50% and decrease in telomerase activity by 28% compared to the controls (70% and 40%, respectively) in the HEK293 cell cultures. TERT-, CMYC-, SIRT1-, SIRT2-, and KL-expression degression was also reduced (29%, 9%, 18%, 25%, 9%, and 30%, respectively) compared to the controls (46%, 40%, 56%, 44%, and 46%, respectively) after ten serial passages. Calorie-restriction activity from DLBS1649 50 µg/mL was seen, with lower fat droplet counts being detected in the treated samples (37%) than the controls (28%) in 3T3L1 cells. DLBS1649 2 mg/mL increased restricted mean survival time in male and female D. melanogaster (23.87% [p<0.05] and 12.58%, respectively). Conclusion The results revealed DLBS1649’s potential as an antiaging agent based on telomere-length preservation, decreased expression of aging-related genes, increased calorie restriction in vitro, and mortality reduction in D. melanogaster in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agung H Karsono
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology, Research Innovation and Invention, Dexa Laboratories of Biomolecular Sciences, Dexa Medica, Cikarang, West Java17550, Indonesia
| | - Olivia M Tandrasasmita
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology, Research Innovation and Invention, Dexa Laboratories of Biomolecular Sciences, Dexa Medica, Cikarang, West Java17550, Indonesia
| | - Guntur Berlian
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology, Research Innovation and Invention, Dexa Laboratories of Biomolecular Sciences, Dexa Medica, Cikarang, West Java17550, Indonesia
| | - Raymond R Tjandrawinata
- Dexa Laboratories of Biomolecular Sciences, Dexa Medica, Cikarang, West Java17550, Indonesia.,Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Tangerang, 15345, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
Although most insect species have a beneficial role in the ecosystems, some of them represent major plant pests and disease vectors for livestock and humans. During the last six-seven decades, the sterile insect technique (SIT) has been used as part of area-wide integrated pest management strategies to suppress, contain, locally eradicate or prevent the (re)invasion of insect pest populations and disease vectors worldwide. This Special Issue on "Sterile insect technique (SIT) and its applications", which consists of 27 manuscripts (7 reviews and 20 original research articles), provides an update on the research and development efforts in this area. The manuscripts report on all the different components of the SIT package including mass-rearing, development of genetic sexing strains, irradiation, quality control as well as field trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kostas Bourtzis
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, A-2444 Seibersdorf, Austria
| | - Marc J. B. Vreysen
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, A-2444 Seibersdorf, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Costa DRD, Leite SA, Santos MPD, Coelho BS, Moreira AA, Silva CADD, Joachim-Bravo IS, Castellani MA. Influence of Mineral Particle Films and Biomaterials on Guava Fruits and Implications for the Oviposition of Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart) (Diptera: Tephritidae). Insects 2021; 12:373. [PMID: 33919002 DOI: 10.3390/insects12050373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Among the main phytosanitary problems that affect the production and commercialization of fresh fruits, the occurrence of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) is one of the main obstacles. The control of these tephritids is mainly performed through the use of toxic baits. The use of mineral films and biomaterials may constitute a viable alternative in relation to the traditional insecticide method, mainly because they do not contaminate the environment and do not leave toxic residues harmful to humans and animals in treated products. Therefore, by modifying the color and texture of the fruit cuticule that covers the plant tissues, kaolin affects the perception of arthropod pests, impairing the localization process and acceptance of the host plant and, consequently, its feeding and oviposition. In this study, we hypothesized that the color changes of guava fruits because of mineral particle films and biomaterials can affect the oviposition of fruit flies. The results obtained are promising and show that mineral films and biomaterials interfering with the color of guavas inhibited the oviposition of A. obliqua. Therefore, they can be used to protect guava fruits from the damage caused by this pest. Abstract Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart, 1835) is an important pest of tropical fruits, especially Anacardiaceae and Myrtaceae, in the Americas. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of mineral films and biomaterials on the coloring of guava fruits (Psidium guajava L.) and implications for the oviposition of A. obliqua. Before the bioassays, color, firmness characteristics, total soluble solids, pH, and titratable acidity were determined to characterize the maturation stage of the fruits. Pieces of guava fruit covered in aluminum foil were immersed in suspensions of mineral particles (Surround® WP kaolin; kaolins 605, 607, 608, and 611; and talc) and biomaterials (chitosan, cassava and potato starch, and guar gum) and distilled water (control). After drying, the fruits were exposed to two A. obliqua pairs for 48 h in choice and non-choice tests, and the numbers of eggs per fruit were counted. Mineral films (Surround® WP kaolin, and kaolins 605, 607, 608, and 611) and biomaterials (cassava and potato starch) interfered with the color of guava (luminosity, chroma, and hue angle), inhibiting the oviposition of A. obliqua. Talc, chitosan, and guar gum did not influence the oviposition of A. obliqua in guava.
Collapse
|
22
|
Fernandes EC, Souza MM, Nava DE, Silva JG, Araujo EL. Fertility life table and biology of Tetrastichus giffardianus (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) in the larvae of Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae). Bull Entomol Res 2021; 111:182-189. [PMID: 32814599 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485320000498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Tetrastichus giffardianus is a gregarious koinobiont endoparasitoid of tephritids, including Ceratitis capitata, which is one of the most important fruit pests worldwide. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of constant temperatures on the biology and development of the egg-adult period of T. giffardianus in larvae/pupae of C. capitata to construct a fertility life table. The study was carried out in climatic chambers at constant temperatures of 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 ± 1°C, 70 ± 10% relative humidity and a photophase of 12 h. Complete egg and larval development occurred only at temperatures of 20, 25, and 30°C. The mean longevity of males and females was inversely proportional to temperature. The time of development of the pre-imaginal period was influenced by temperature and ranged from 41 days at 20°C to 11 days at 25°C. The best T. giffardianus performance occurred at 25°C when the intrinsic rate of increase was 0.21, the mean generation time was 20.43 days, the time required to double the population was 3.33 days, and the finite rate of population increase (λ) was 1.23. The results of this study provided information for the establishment of mass rearing and an evaluation of the adaptability of T. giffardianus to different environments, which is necessary for the use of this parasitoid in the biological control of tephritid pests, particularly C. capitata.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elania Clementino Fernandes
- Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA), Av. Francisco Mota, 572, Costa e Silva, 59625-900, Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | - Mariana Macedo Souza
- Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA), Av. Francisco Mota, 572, Costa e Silva, 59625-900, Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | - Dori Edson Nava
- Embrapa Clima Temperado, Rod. BR-392, km 78, 96010-971, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Janisete Gomes Silva
- Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Rod. Jorge Amado, km 16, 56629-000, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Elton Lucio Araujo
- Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA), Av. Francisco Mota, 572, Costa e Silva, 59625-900, Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Bragard C, Dehnen‐Schmutz K, Di Serio F, Gonthier P, Jacques M, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, MacLeod A, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Reignault PL, Thulke H, Vicent Civera A, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Papadopoulos N, Papanastasiou S, Czwienczek E, Kertész V, MacLeod A. Scientific opinion on the import of Musa fruits as a pathway for the entry of non-EU Tephritidae into the EU territory. EFSA J 2021; 19:e06426. [PMID: 33732390 PMCID: PMC7938759 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2021.6426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Plant Health examined evidence as to whether the import of fruits of Musa (bananas and plantains) could provide a pathway into the EU for Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae) or other non-EU Tephritidae for which Musa is a host. Relevant scientific and technical information, including unpublished information provided to the EFSA Panel on Plant Health by the European Commission from research conducted in Cabo Verde, were taken into account. The majority of EU imports of Musa fruit comes from Ecuador, Colombia and Costa Rica where B. dorsalis does not occur. Commercial Musa fruits are harvested at 'green stage one' before they begin to ripen naturally. Postharvest processes are designed to ensure that only high quality, unripe fruit are exported. Green stage one fruit are transported to the EU in controlled conditions and stimulated to ripen when exposed to exogenous ethylene in ripening rooms in the EU. There is no evidence that any Tephritidae can naturally infest commercial varieties of Musa fruit at green stage one or earlier. When experimentally infested with eggs of Tephritidae, larvae fail to develop in green stage one fruit. Physical and chemical changes that occur during fruit ripening enable B. dorsalis and 11 other species of Tephritidae to oviposit and develop in Musa at later stages of fruit development. Reports of B. dorsalis or other Tephritidae infesting bunches of Musa fruit are a consequence of the fruit being left to develop beyond green stage one in the field. There is no evidence that commercially grown fruits of Musa, for export to the EU, provide a pathway for the entry of non-EU Tephritidae. Passengers bringing Musa fruit from countries where Tephritidae can infest ripened Musa fruit do however provide a potential pathway for the entry of non-EU Tephritidae into the EU territory.
Collapse
|
24
|
Martoni F, Valenzuela I, Blacket MJ. On the complementarity of DNA barcoding and morphology to distinguish benign endemic insects from possible pests: the case of Dirioxa pornia and the tribe Acanthonevrini (Diptera: Tephritidae: Phytalmiinae) in Australia. Insect Sci 2021; 28:261-270. [PMID: 32096585 PMCID: PMC7818419 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Fruit flies are considered economically important insects due to some species being agricultural pests. However, morphological identification of fruit fly adults and larvae can be difficult requiring a high level of taxonomic expertise, with misidentifications causing problematic false-positive/negative results. While destructive molecular techniques can assist with the identification process, these often cannot be applied where it is mandatory to retain a voucher reference specimen. In this work, we non-destructively (and partial-destructively) processed larvae and adults mostly belonging to the species Dirioxa pornia (Walker, 1849), of the poorly studied nonpest fruit fly tribe Acanthonevrini (Tephritidae) from Australia, to enable molecular identifications whilst retaining morphological vouchers. By retaining the morphological features of specimens, we confirmed useful characters for genus/species-level identification, contributing to improved accuracy for future diagnostics using both molecular and morphological approaches. We provide DNA barcode information for three species of Acanthonevrini known from Australia, which prior to our study was only available for a single species, D. pornia. Our specimen examinations provide new distribution records for three nonpest species: Acanthonevroides variegatus Permkam and Hancock, 1995 in South Australia, Acanthonevroides basalis (Walker, 1853) and D. pornia in Victoria, Australia; as well as new host plant records for D. pornia, from kangaroo apple, apricot and loquat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Martoni
- Agriculture Victoria ResearchAgriBio Centre for AgriBioscienceBundooraVictoriaAustralia
| | - Isabel Valenzuela
- Agriculture Victoria ResearchAgriBio Centre for AgriBioscienceBundooraVictoriaAustralia
| | - Mark J. Blacket
- Agriculture Victoria ResearchAgriBio Centre for AgriBioscienceBundooraVictoriaAustralia
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zida I, Nacro S, Dabiré R, Moquet L, Delatte H, Somda I. Host range and species diversity of Tephritidae of three plant formations in Western Burkina Faso. Bull Entomol Res 2020; 110:732-742. [PMID: 32482179 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485320000243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In Western Burkina Faso, the host range of fruit flies was evaluated in three plant formations between May 2017 and April 2019. Samples of 61 potential hosts were collected and incubated for fruit fly emergence. Twenty-seven hosts including cultivated and wild fruit were identified. Among cultivated fruit species, mango, and guava were the most infested while high infestation incidences were observed in the fruit of the indigenous plants Vitellaria paradoxa, Annona senegalensis, Sarcocephalus latifolius, and Saba senegalensis. Low infestation rates were observed in Anacardium occidentale, Citrus species, Opilia celtidifolia, and Cissus populnea. The highest infestation index (1648.57 flies kg-1) was observed from V. paradoxa. Eleven new host fruit infested with many fruit fly species are reported in Burkina Faso. A total of 18 fruit fly species were reared; Bactrocera dorsalis (42.94%), Ceratitis cosyra (29.93%), and Ceratitis silvestrii (22.33%) dominated those that emerged. Four fruit fly species have been detected for the first time in Burkina Faso. The main suitable fruit hosts are abundant and available from May through August during the rainy season and become rare and have low infestation from November to April during the dry season. This is the first study of its kind in the region. This study shows that the three plant formations had an impact on population dynamics of the three tephritid species of economic importance in Western Burkina Faso. This information should be integrated into the development of a fruit fly pests management strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Issaka Zida
- Institut de l'Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA), Station de Farako-bâ, 01 BP 910 Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
- Université Nazi BONI, 01 BP 1091, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Souleymane Nacro
- Institut de l'Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA), Station de Kamboinsé, 01 BP 476 Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Rémy Dabiré
- Institut de l'Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA), Station de Farako-bâ, 01 BP 910 Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Laura Moquet
- CIRAD, UMR PVBMT, F-97410 Saint-Pierre, La Réunion, France
| | - Hélène Delatte
- CIRAD, UMR PVBMT, F-97410 Saint-Pierre, La Réunion, France
| | - Irénée Somda
- Université Nazi BONI, 01 BP 1091, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Royer JE, Tan KH, Mayer DG. Comparative Trap Catches of Male Bactrocera, Dacus, and Zeugodacus Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) With Four Floral Phenylbutanoid Lures (Anisyl Acetone, Cue-Lure, Raspberry Ketone, and Zingerone) in Queensland, Australia. Environ Entomol 2020; 49:815-822. [PMID: 32514581 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvaa056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The male fruit fly attractants, cue-lure (CL) and raspberry ketone (RK), are important in pest management. These volatile phenylbutanoids occur in daciniphilous Bulbophyllum Thouar (Orchidaceae: Asparagales) orchids, along with zingerone (ZN) and anisyl acetone (AA). While these four compounds attract a similar range of species, their relative attractiveness to multiple species is unknown. We field tested these compounds in two fruit fly speciose locations in north Queensland, Australia (Lockhart and Cairns) for 8 wk. Of 16 species trapped in significant numbers, 14 were trapped with CL and RK, all in significantly greater numbers with CL traps than RK traps (at least in higher population locations). This included the pest species Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt) (Diptera: Tephritidae) (CL catches ca. 5× > RK), Bactrocera neohumeralis (Hardy) (Diptera: Tephritidae) and Bactrocera bryoniae (Tryon) (Diptera: Tephritidae) (CL catches ca. 3× > RK), and Bactrocera frauenfeldi (Schiner) (Diptera: Tephritidae) (in Cairns-CL catches ca. 1.6× > RK). Seven species were trapped with AA, and all were also caught in CL and RK traps in significantly greater numbers, with the exception of B. frauenfeldi. For this species, catches were not statistically different with CL, RK, and AA in Lockhart, and RK and AA in Cairns. Seven species were trapped with ZN, two at this lure only, and the remainder also with CL or RK but in significantly greater numbers. This is the first quantitative comparison of the relative attractiveness of CL, RK, AA, and ZN against multiple species, and supports the long-held but untested assumption that CL is broadly more attractive lure than RK.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jane E Royer
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Keng Hong Tan
- Mobula Research Sdn. Jalan Tan Jit Seng, Penang, Malaysia
| | - David G Mayer
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Prezotto LF, Perondini AL, Hernández-Ortiz V, Frías D, Selivon D. What Can Integrated Analysis of Morphological and Genetic Data Still Reveal about the Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae) Cryptic Species Complex? Insects 2019; 10:insects10110408. [PMID: 31731690 PMCID: PMC6921064 DOI: 10.3390/insects10110408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The South American fruit fly Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann) is a complex of cryptic species, the so-called “Anastrepha fraterculus complex”, for which eight morphotypes are currently recognized. A previous analysis of ITS1 in samples of the Anastrepha fraterculus complex, while revealing high distinctiveness among samples from different localities of South America, Central America, and Mexico, no direct association was made between sequence type and morphotype. In the present report, a correlated analysis of morphometry and ITS1 data involved individuals belonging to the same population samples. Although showing a low level of intra-populational nucleotide variability, the ITS1 analysis indicated numerous inter-population sequence type variants. Morphotypes identified by morphometric analysis based on female wing shape were highly concordant with ITS1 genetic data. The correlation of genetic divergence and morphological differences among the tested samples gives strong evidence of a robust dataset, thereby indicating the existence of various taxonomic species within the A. fraterculus complex. However, the data revealed genetic and morphological variations in some regions, suggesting that further analysis is still required for some geographic regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leandro F. Prezotto
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil; (L.F.P.)
| | - André L.P. Perondini
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil; (L.F.P.)
| | - Vicente Hernández-Ortiz
- Red de Interacciones Multitróficas, Instituto de Ecología A.C., Xalapa, Veracruz 91073, Mexico;
| | - Daniel Frías
- Instituto de Entomología, Universidad Metropolitana de Ciencias de la Educación, Santiago 3311, Chile;
| | - Denise Selivon
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil; (L.F.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-11-30917551
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Roriz AKP, Japyassú HF, Cáceres C, Vera MT, Joachim-Bravo IS. Pheromone emission patterns and courtship sequences across distinct populations within Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera-Tephritidae) cryptic species complex. Bull Entomol Res 2019; 109:408-417. [PMID: 30488810 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485318000846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Sexual behavioural isolation can result from sexual selection and represents a relevant factor associated with the speciation process. We analysed the pheromone emission pattern and the courtship of males of five different populations of the Anastrepha fraterculus cryptic complex: Brazil (Vacaria, Tucumán and Piracicaba), Colombia and Peru. The time of pheromone emission was recorded in each population every 30 min during the day. The behavioural sequences of courting were video recorded and analysed using EthoSeq software. Males from different populations have showed different period of pheromone emission - Vacaria, Piracicaba and Tucumán executed calling only during the morning, Colombia only in the afternoon and Peru during both periods. The general frequencies of the courtship units of the males were distinct among the populations. Three groups were formed in the classification from the function of 14 behavioural routines: Vacaria, Piracicaba and Tucumán formed a single group (Brazil-1), while Colombia and Peru formed two distinct groups. In the probabilistic trees generated, the behavioural units that most contributed to the occurrence of copulation were distinct among the three groups formed: Brazil-1 (Contact, Alignment and Arrowhead-1); Colombia (Flying, Mobile, Contact and Alignment); Peru (Flying, Arrowhead-1 and Calling). Our results indicated differences in sexual behaviour that may explain the behavioural isolation found between the distinct groups in addition with the temporal isolation found between the Brazil-1 and Colombia populations. The evolutionary implications for the A. fraterculus cryptic species complex are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A K P Roriz
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Biologia, Barão do Jeremoabo s/n, Campus Universitário de Ondina,40170-290, Salvador, BA,Brazil
| | - H F Japyassú
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Biologia, Barão do Jeremoabo s/n, Campus Universitário de Ondina,40170-290, Salvador, BA,Brazil
| | - C Cáceres
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory,Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture,POBox 100, Seibersdorf,Austria
| | - M Teresa Vera
- Cátedra Terapéutica Vegetal, Departamento de Sanidad Vegetal, Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia, UNT,Avenida Kirchner 1900 - (4000) San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán,Argentina
| | - I S Joachim-Bravo
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Biologia, Barão do Jeremoabo s/n, Campus Universitário de Ondina,40170-290, Salvador, BA,Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Deakin A, Mendl M, Browne WJ, Paul ES, Hodge JJL. State-dependent judgement bias in Drosophila: evidence for evolutionarily primitive affective processes. Biol Lett 2018; 14:rsbl.2017.0779. [PMID: 29491031 PMCID: PMC5830672 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2017.0779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Affective states influence decision-making under ambiguity in humans and other animals. Individuals in a negative state tend to interpret ambiguous cues more negatively than individuals in a positive state. We demonstrate that the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, also exhibits state-dependent changes in cue interpretation. Drosophila were trained on a Go/Go task to approach a positive (P) odour associated with a sugar reward and actively avoid a negative (N) odour associated with shock. Trained flies were then either shaken to induce a purported negative state or left undisturbed (control), and given a choice between: air or P; air or N; air or ambiguous odour (1 : 1 blend of P : N). Shaken flies were significantly less likely to approach the ambiguous odour than control flies. This ‘judgement bias’ may be mediated by changes in neural activity that reflect evolutionarily primitive affective states. We cannot say whether such states are consciously experienced, but use of this model organism's versatile experimental tool kit may facilitate elucidation of their neural and genetic basis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Deakin
- Centre for Behavioural Biology, Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Langford, UK
| | - Michael Mendl
- Centre for Behavioural Biology, Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Langford, UK
| | - William J Browne
- Centre for Multilevel Modelling, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Elizabeth S Paul
- Centre for Behavioural Biology, Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Langford, UK
| | - James J L Hodge
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Jaleel W, Yin J, Wang D, He Y, Lu L, Shi H. Using two-sex life tables to determine fitness parameters of four Bactrocera species (Diptera: Tephritidae) reared on a semi-artificial diet. Bull Entomol Res 2018; 108:707-714. [PMID: 28944746 DOI: 10.1017/s000748531700092x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Fruit flies in the genus Bactrocera are global, economically important pests of agricultural food crops. However, basic life history information about these pests, which is vital for designing more effective control methods, is currently lacking. Artificial diets can be used as a suitable replacement for natural host plants for rearing fruit flies under laboratory conditions, and this study reports on the two-sex life-table parameters of four Bactrocera species (Bactrocera correcta, Bactrocera dorsalis, Bactrocera cucurbitae, and Bactrocera tau) reared on a semi-artificial diet comprising corn flour, banana, sodium benzoate, yeast, sucrose, winding paper, hydrochloric acid and water. The results indicated that the larval development period of B. correcta (6.81 ± 0.65 days) was significantly longer than those of the other species. The fecundity of B. dorsalis (593.60 eggs female-1) was highest among the four species. There were no differences in intrinsic rate of increase (r) and finite rate of increase (λ) among the four species. The gross reproductive rate (GRR) and net reproductive rate (R0) of B. dorsalis were higher than those of the other species, and the mean generation time (T) of B. cucurbitae (42.08 ± 1.21 h) was longer than that of the other species. We conclude that the semi-artificial diet was most suitable for rearing B. dorsalis, due to its shorter development time and higher fecundity. These results will be useful for future studies of fruit fly management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Jaleel
- Department of Entomology,College of Agriculture, South China Agriculture University,Guangzhou 510642,Guangzhou,China
| | - J Yin
- Department of Entomology,College of Agriculture, South China Agriculture University,Guangzhou 510642,Guangzhou,China
| | - D Wang
- Department of Entomology,College of Agriculture, South China Agriculture University,Guangzhou 510642,Guangzhou,China
| | - Y He
- Department of Entomology,College of Agriculture, South China Agriculture University,Guangzhou 510642,Guangzhou,China
| | - L Lu
- Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guangzhou 510640, Guangzhou,China
| | - H Shi
- Department of Entomology,College of Agriculture, South China Agriculture University,Guangzhou 510642,Guangzhou,China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Vargas RI, Souder SK, Rendon P, Mackey B. Suppression of Mediterranean Fruit Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) With Trimedlure and Biolure Dispensers in Coffea arabica (Gentianales: Rubiaceae) in Hawaii. J Econ Entomol 2018; 111:293-297. [PMID: 29186466 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tox303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
To assess the potential to suppress Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann; Diptera: Tephritidae), via mass trapping with Trimedlure (TML), we compared fly catch (as catch per trap per time period) provided by either a novel, solid, triple-lure dispenser with TML, methyl eugenol (ME), and raspberry ketone (RK) (TMR) or solid TML plugs, both without insecticides, in addition to Biolure bait stations. Work was done in a coffee plantation that had a dense C. capitata population. Three treatments were compared: 1) TMR or TML (50 traps per ha), 2) Biolure (50 traps per ha), 3) TML (25 per ha) or TMR (25 per ha) + Biolure (25 per ha), and 4) an untreated control. During coffee season, based on C. capitata captures (mean flies per trap per wk) inside plastic McPhail traps, all treatments were significantly different than the control: Biolure (9.57) = TMR (11.28) = Biolure +TMR (13.50) < Control (36.06 flies/trap/wk). During non-coffee season, all treatments were significantly different than the control and TML was significantly lower than Biolure (wax matrix bait stations): TML (0.95) < Biolure (1.43) = Biolure +TML (1.77) < Control (2.81 flies/trap/wk). Surprisingly, captures were not lower in plots treated with combinations of Biolure + TMR or TML, compared to individual plots with Biolure or TML or TMR alone. Mass trapping with either TML or TMR dispensers deserves further study as a component of Integrated Pest Management programs for C. capitata in Hawaii and may have global potential for management of C. capitata.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roger I Vargas
- USDA-ARS, Daniel K. Inouye U.S. Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, Tropical Crop and Commodity Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Hilo, HI
| | - Steven K Souder
- USDA-ARS, Daniel K. Inouye U.S. Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, Tropical Crop and Commodity Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Hilo, HI
| | | | - Bruce Mackey
- USDA-ARS-PWA, Office of Area Director, Albany, CA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Royer JE, Mayer DG. Combining Cue-Lure and Methyl Eugenol in Traps Significantly Decreases Catches of Most Bactrocera, Zeugodacus and Dacus Species (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae) in Australia and Papua New Guinea. J Econ Entomol 2018; 111:298-303. [PMID: 29272411 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tox334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Male fruit fly attractants, cue-lure (CL) and methyl eugenol (ME), are important in the monitoring and control of pest fruit fly species. Species respond to CL or ME but not both, and there are conflicting reports on whether combining CL (or its hydroxy analogue raspberry ketone) and ME decreases their attractiveness to different species. Fruit fly monitoring programs expend significant effort using separate CL and ME traps and avoiding lure cross-contamination, and combining the two lures in one trap would create substantial savings. To determine if combining lures has an inhibitory effect on trap catch, CL and ME wicks placed in the same Steiner trap were field tested in comparison to CL alone and ME alone in Australia and Papua New Guinea (PNG). In Australia, 24 out of 27 species trapped were significantly more attracted to CL or ME alone than the combination ME/CL lure, including the pests Bactrocera bryoniae (Tryon), B. frauenfeldi (Schiner), B. kraussi (Hardy), B. neohumeralis (Hardy), B. tryoni (Froggatt) (CL-responsive), and B. musae (Tryon) (ME-responsive). In PNG, 13 out of 16 species trapped were significantly more attracted to CL or ME alone than the ME/CL combination, including the pests B. bryoniae, B. frauenfeldi, B. neohumeralis, B. trivialis (Drew), Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coquillett) (CL-responsive) and B. dorsalis (Hendel), B. musae, and B. umbrosa (Fabricius) (ME-responsive). This study shows that combining CL and ME in the one trap in equal parts significantly reduces catches of most species of Dacini fruit flies in Australia and PNG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jane E Royer
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - David G Mayer
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Sarles L, Boullis A, Fassotte B, Lognay G, Verhaeghe A, Francis F, Verheggen FJ. Identification of walnut husk (Juglans regia L.) volatiles and the behavioural response of the invasive Walnut Husk Fly, Rhagoletis completa Cresson. Pest Manag Sci 2017; 73:2100-2104. [PMID: 28374545 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several European countries are important walnut (Juglans regia L.) producers. However, these countries must contend with the recent introduction of the Walnut Husk Fly, Rhagoletis completa Cresson (Diptera, Tephritidae), which is causing severe economic losses, especially in organic production. Because most Tephritid fruit flies use kairomones in their search for host plants, we hypothesise that this highly specialist species orients toward the volatile blend released by walnut husks. RESULTS We collected, identified, and quantified the volatile organic chemicals (VOCs) released by walnut husks from the most commonly cultivated variety in France (Franquette). Then, the behavioural response of R. completa toward synthetic odour blends was recorded in dual choice assays conducted in net cages. A total of 26 VOCs were identified, with α-pinene, β-pinene, trans-linalool, eugenol, and tetradecane representing the major constituents. In the dual choice assay, male and female R. completa were strongly attracted to synthetic blend that included most of the identified husk VOCs. CONCLUSION When searching for a host plant, R. completa use host fruit kairomones. The potential of these semiochemicals in monitoring and management of this quarantine pest is discussed. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Landry Sarles
- Université de Liège - Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Entomologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Antoine Boullis
- Université de Liège - Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Entomologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Bérénice Fassotte
- Université de Liège - Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Entomologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Georges Lognay
- Université de Liège - Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Agnès Verhaeghe
- Centre Technique Interprofessionnel des Fruits et Légumes, Chatte, France
| | - Frédéric Francis
- Université de Liège - Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Entomologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - François J Verheggen
- Université de Liège - Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Entomologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, Gembloux, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Júnior FEB, Macedo GE, Zemolin AP, Silva GFD, Cruz LCD, Boligon AA, de Menezes IRA, Franco JL, Posser T. Oxidant effects and toxicity of Croton campestris in Drosophila melanogaster. Pharm Biol 2016; 54:3068-3077. [PMID: 27417881 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2016.1207089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Croton campestris A.St.-Hil. (Euphorbiaceae) is a species native to Northeast Brazil used by traditional communities for the treatment of a variety of health problems. However, potential toxicological effects of this plant are unknown. OBJECTIVE The potential toxicity of the hydroalcoholic extract of C. campestris leaves on Drosophila melanogaster insect model, additionally with phytochemical constitution and cellular mechanisms mediating the action of extract were analysed in this study. MATERIALS AND METHODS Constituents of the extract were evaluated by HPLC. In vitro antioxidant potential of extract was analysed by DPPH, ABTS and FRAP. Flies injected culture medium mixed with extract (0.1-50 mg/mL) for 72 h. After, ROS production was evaluated by DCF-DA oxidation. Phosphorylation of MAPK signalling pathway was investigated by Western blotting method. Activity of antioxidant enzymes was analysed in homogenates. RESULTS Major components of the extract include quercetin (38.11 ± 0.06 mg/g), caffeic acid (20.06 ± 0.17 mg/g) and kaempferol (15.45 ± 0.05 mg/g). Consumption of the extract impaired locomotor performance and induced fly death of flies (LC50 of 26.51 mg/mL). Augmented ROS formation and SOD, CAT and GST activity were observed from 0.1 mg/mL. JNK and p38 kinases phosphorylation was modulated and Paraquat-induced toxicity was augmented by extract. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Our data show important toxicological effects of C. campestris leading to increased mortality and impaired locomotor performance accompanied by induction of cell stress markers in flies. The study draws attention to the indiscriminate use of plant extracts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco E B Júnior
- a Departamento de Química Biológica , Universidade Regional do Cariri , Crato , CE , Brazil
- b Departamento de Química, Programa de Pós Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica , Universidade Federal de Santa Maria , Santa Maria , RS , Brazil
| | - Giulianna Echeverria Macedo
- c Oxidative Stress and Cell Signaling Research Group, Centro Interdisciplinar de Pesquisa em Biotecnologia , Universidade Federal do Pampa , Campus São Gabriel , São Gabriel , RS , Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Zemolin
- b Departamento de Química, Programa de Pós Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica , Universidade Federal de Santa Maria , Santa Maria , RS , Brazil
| | - Gustavo Felipe da Silva
- c Oxidative Stress and Cell Signaling Research Group, Centro Interdisciplinar de Pesquisa em Biotecnologia , Universidade Federal do Pampa , Campus São Gabriel , São Gabriel , RS , Brazil
| | - Litiele Cezar da Cruz
- b Departamento de Química, Programa de Pós Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica , Universidade Federal de Santa Maria , Santa Maria , RS , Brazil
| | - Aline Augusti Boligon
- d Departamento de Farmácia Industrial, Laboratório de Pesquisa em Fitoquímica , Universidade Federal de Santa Maria , Santa Maria , RS , Brazil
| | - Irwin R A de Menezes
- a Departamento de Química Biológica , Universidade Regional do Cariri , Crato , CE , Brazil
| | - Jeferson Luis Franco
- c Oxidative Stress and Cell Signaling Research Group, Centro Interdisciplinar de Pesquisa em Biotecnologia , Universidade Federal do Pampa , Campus São Gabriel , São Gabriel , RS , Brazil
| | - Thaís Posser
- c Oxidative Stress and Cell Signaling Research Group, Centro Interdisciplinar de Pesquisa em Biotecnologia , Universidade Federal do Pampa , Campus São Gabriel , São Gabriel , RS , Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Deus EG, Godoy WAC, Sousa MSM, Lopes GN, Jesus-Barros CR, Silva JG, Adaime R. Co-Infestation and Spatial Distribution of Bactrocera carambolae and Anastrepha spp. (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Common Guava in the Eastern Amazon. J Insect Sci 2016; 16:iew076. [PMID: 27638949 PMCID: PMC5026474 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iew076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Field infestation and spatial distribution of introduced Bactrocera carambolae Drew and Hancock and native species of Anastrepha in common guavas [Psidium guajava (L.)] were investigated in the eastern Amazon. Fruit sampling was carried out in the municipalities of Calçoene and Oiapoque in the state of Amapá, Brazil. The frequency distribution of larvae in fruit was fitted to the negative binomial distribution. Anastrepha striata was more abundant in both sampled areas in comparison to Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann) and B. carambolae The frequency distribution analysis of adults revealed an aggregated pattern for B. carambolae as well as for A. fraterculus and Anastrepha striata Schiner, described by the negative binomial distribution. Although the populations of Anastrepha spp. may have suffered some impact due to the presence of B. carambolae, the results are still not robust enough to indicate effective reduction in the abundance of Anastrepha spp. caused by B. carambolae in a general sense. The high degree of aggregation observed for both species suggests interspecific co-occurrence with the simultaneous presence of both species in the analysed fruit. Moreover, a significant fraction of uninfested guavas also indicated absence of competitive displacement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E G Deus
- Universidade Federal do Amapá, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Tropical, Rodovia JK, Km 4, Macapá, Amapá 68902-280, Brazil
| | - W A C Godoy
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz. Av. Pádua Dias, Piracicaba, São Paulo 13418-900, Brazil
| | - M S M Sousa
- Universidade Federal do Amapá, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento Regional, Rodovia JK, Km 4, Macapá, Amapá 68902-280, Brazil
| | - G N Lopes
- Universidade Federal do Piauí, Rodovia Municipal Bom Jesus/Viana, Km 01, Bom Jesus, Piauí 64900-000, Brazil
| | | | - J G Silva
- Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rodovia Jorge Amado, Km 16, Ilhéus, Bahia 45662-900, Brazil
| | - R Adaime
- Universidade Federal do Amapá, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Tropical, Rodovia JK, Km 4, Macapá, Amapá 68902-280, Brazil Universidade Federal do Amapá, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento Regional, Rodovia JK, Km 4, Macapá, Amapá 68902-280, Brazil Embrapa Amapá, Rodovia JK, Km 5, Nº 2600, Macapá, Amapá 68903-419, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Rohde PD, Madsen LS, Neumann Arvidson SM, Loeschcke V, Demontis D, Kristensen TN. Testing candidate genes for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in fruit flies using a high throughput assay for complex behavior. Fly (Austin) 2016; 10:25-34. [PMID: 26954609 DOI: 10.1080/19336934.2016.1158365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fruit flies are important model organisms for functional testing of candidate genes in multiple disciplines, including the study of human diseases. Here we use a high-throughput locomotor activity assay to test the response on activity behavior of gene disruption in Drosophila melanogaster. The aim was to investigate the impact of disruption of 14 candidate genes for human attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) on fly behavior. By obtaining a range of correlated measures describing the space of variables for behavioral activity we show, that some mutants display similar phenotypic responses, and furthermore, that the genes disrupted in those mutants had common molecular functions; namely processes related to cGMP activity, cation channels and serotonin receptors. All but one of the candidate genes resulted in aberrant behavioral activity, suggesting involvement of these genes in behavioral activity in fruit flies. Results provide additional support for the investigated genes being risk candidate genes for ADHD in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Palle Duun Rohde
- a Center for Quantitative Genetics and Genomics, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University , Tjele , Denmark.,b The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH , Aarhus , Denmark.,c Center for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University , Aarhus , Denmark
| | - Lisbeth Strøm Madsen
- d Section of Biology and Environmental Science, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University , Aalborg , Denmark
| | - Sandra Marie Neumann Arvidson
- d Section of Biology and Environmental Science, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University , Aalborg , Denmark
| | - Volker Loeschcke
- e Section for Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University , Aarhus , Denmark
| | - Ditte Demontis
- b The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH , Aarhus , Denmark.,c Center for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University , Aarhus , Denmark.,f Department of Biomedicine , Aarhus University , Aarhus , Denmark
| | - Torsten Nygaard Kristensen
- d Section of Biology and Environmental Science, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University , Aalborg , Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Van Cann J, Virgilio M, Jordaens K, De Meyer M. Wing morphometrics as a possible tool for the diagnosis of the Ceratitis fasciventris, C. anonae, C. rosa complex (Diptera, Tephritidae). Zookeys 2015:489-506. [PMID: 26798274 PMCID: PMC4714084 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.540.9724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous attempts to resolve the Ceratitis FAR complex (Ceratitisfasciventris, Ceratitisanonae, Ceratitisrosa, Diptera, Tephritidae) showed contrasting results and revealed the occurrence of five microsatellite genotypic clusters (A, F1, F2, R1, R2). In this paper we explore the potential of wing morphometrics for the diagnosis of FAR morphospecies and genotypic clusters. We considered a set of 227 specimens previously morphologically identified and genotyped at 16 microsatellite loci. Seventeen wing landmarks and 6 wing band areas were used for morphometric analyses. Permutational multivariate analysis of variance detected significant differences both across morphospecies and genotypic clusters (for both males and females). Unconstrained and constrained ordinations did not properly resolve groups corresponding to morphospecies or genotypic clusters. However, posterior group membership probabilities (PGMPs) of the Discriminant Analysis of Principal Components (DAPC) allowed the consistent identification of a relevant proportion of specimens (but with performances differing across morphospecies and genotypic clusters). This study suggests that wing morphometrics and PGMPs might represent a possible tool for the diagnosis of species within the FAR complex. Here, we propose a tentative diagnostic method and provide a first reference library of morphometric measures that might be used for the identification of additional and unidentified FAR specimens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joannes Van Cann
- University of Antwerp (Evolutionary Ecology Group), Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium; University of Jyväskylä, PO Box 35, 40014 Finland
| | - Massimiliano Virgilio
- Royal Museum for Central Africa (Invertebrates Unit & JEMU), Leuvensesteenweg 13, B-3080 Tervuren, Belgium
| | - Kurt Jordaens
- University of Antwerp (Evolutionary Ecology Group), Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium; Royal Museum for Central Africa (Invertebrates Unit & JEMU), Leuvensesteenweg 13, B-3080 Tervuren, Belgium
| | - Marc De Meyer
- Royal Museum for Central Africa (Invertebrates Unit & JEMU), Leuvensesteenweg 13, B-3080 Tervuren, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Virgilio M, Delatte H, Nzogela YB, Simiand C, Quilici S, De Meyer M, Mwatawala M. Population structure and cryptic genetic variation in the mango fruit fly, Ceratitis cosyra (Diptera, Tephritidae). Zookeys 2015; 540:525-38. [PMID: 26798276 PMCID: PMC4714086 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.540.9618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The fruit fly Ceratitis cosyra is an important agricultural pest negatively affecting the mango crop production throughout Africa and also feeding on a variety of other wild and cultivated hosts. The occurrence of deeply divergent haplotypes, as well as extensive morphological variability, previously suggested possible cryptic speciation within Ceratitis cosyra. Here we provide the first large-scale characterisation of the population structure of Ceratitis cosyra with the main objective of verifying cryptic genetic variation. A total of 348 specimens from 13 populations were genotyped at 16 polymorphic microsatellite loci. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) deviations were observed in 40.4% of locus-population combinations and suggested the occurrence of genetic substructuring within populations. Discriminant Analysis of Principal Components (DAPC) showed genetic divergence between the vast majority of vouchers from Burundi and Tanzania (plus a few outliers from other African countries) and all other specimens sampled. Individual Bayesian assignments confirmed the existence of two main genotypic groups also occurring in sympatry. These data provided further support to the hypothesis that Ceratitis cosyra might include cryptic species. However, additional integrative taxonomy, possibly combining morphological, ecological and physiological approaches, is required to provide the necessary experimental support to this model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hélène Delatte
- Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement – Unité Mixte de Recherche Peuplements Végétaux et Bioaggresseurs en Milieu Tropical (CIRAD, UMR PVBMT), Saint-Pierre, La Réunion, France
| | - Yasinta Beda Nzogela
- Department of Crop Science and Production, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Tanzania
| | - Christophe Simiand
- Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement – Unité Mixte de Recherche Peuplements Végétaux et Bioaggresseurs en Milieu Tropical (CIRAD, UMR PVBMT), Saint-Pierre, La Réunion, France
| | - Serge Quilici
- Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement – Unité Mixte de Recherche Peuplements Végétaux et Bioaggresseurs en Milieu Tropical (CIRAD, UMR PVBMT), Saint-Pierre, La Réunion, France
| | - Marc De Meyer
- Royal Museum for Central Africa, Leuvensesteenweg 13, B3080 Tervuren, Belgium
| | - Maulid Mwatawala
- Department of Crop Science and Production, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Tanzania
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Ruiz MJ, Juárez ML, Alzogaray RA, Arrighi F, Arroyo L, Gastaminza G, Willink E, Bardón ADV, Vera T. Toxic effect of citrus peel constituents on Anastrepha fraterculus Wiedemann and Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann immature stages. J Agric Food Chem 2014; 62:10084-10091. [PMID: 25237738 DOI: 10.1021/jf503063b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity of essential oils from the citrus peel has been proposed as the major resistance mechanism offered by citrus to fruit fly infestation. We evaluated the insecticidal activity of the ether extracts from the lemon (Citrus limon [L.] Burm.) and grapefruit (C. paradisi Macfadyen) peel as well as from limonene and citral against Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann) and Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) immature stages. We also evaluated the toxicity of the extracts at two ripening stages. Extracts proved toxic to A. fraterculus egg and larvae. The lemon and grapefruit extracts showed the same toxicity in both fruit fly species. For A. fraterculus eggs, citral was more toxic than limonene; for larvae, they showed equal toxicity. Anastrepha fraterculus eggs were more sensitive than C. capitata eggs. In conclusion, we provide evidence of chemical resistance mechanisms that could account for the nonhost condition of lemon for A. fraterculus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María J Ruiz
- Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres, Av. William Cross 3150, Las Talitas (T4104AUD), Tucumán, Argentina
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Kaftan F, Vrkoslav V, Kynast P, Kulkarni P, Böcker S, Cvačka J, Knaden M, Svatoš A. Mass spectrometry imaging of surface lipids on intact Drosophila melanogaster flies. J Mass Spectrom 2014; 49:223-232. [PMID: 24619548 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The spatial distribution of neutral lipids and semiochemicals on the surface of six-day-old separately reared naive Drosophila melanogaster flies has been visualized and studied using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry and laser-assisted desorption/ionization (LDI)-TOF imaging (MSI). Metal targets were designed for two-dimensional MSI of the surface of 3-D biological objects. Targets with either simple grooves or profiled holes designed to accurately accommodate the male and female bodies were fabricated. These grooves and especially holes ensured correct height fixation and spatial orientation of the flies on the targets after matrix application and sample drying. For LDI-TOF to be used, the flies were arranged into holes and fixed to a plane of the target using fast-setting glue. In MALDI-TOF mode, the flies were fixed as above and sprayed with a lithium 2,5-dihydroxybenzoate matrix using up to 100 airbrush spray cycles. The scanning electron microscopy images revealed that the deposits of matrix were homogenous and the matrix formed mostly into the clusters of crystals (40-80 µm) that were separated from each other by an uncovered cuticle surface (30-40 µm). The MSI using target with profiled holes provided superior results to the targets with simple grooves, eliminating the ion suppression/mass deviation due to the 3-D shape of the flies. Attention was paid to neutral lipids and other compounds including the male anti-attractant 11-cis-vaccenyl acetate for which the expected distribution with high concentration on the tip of the male abdomen was confirmed. The red and blue mass shift (PlusMinus1 colour scale) was observed associated with mass deviation predominantly between ±0.2 and 0.3 Da. We use in-house developed software for mass recalibration, to eliminate the mass deviation effects and help with the detection of low-intensity mass signals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Filip Kaftan
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Science of the Czech Republic, v. v. i., Flemingovo nám. 2, CZ-166 10, Prague 6, Czech Republic; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 2030/8, CZ-128 43, Prague 2, Czech Republic; Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, D-07745, Jena, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Pavlovič A, Krausko M, Libiaková M, Adamec L. Feeding on prey increases photosynthetic efficiency in the carnivorous sundew Drosera capensis. Ann Bot 2014; 113:69-78. [PMID: 24201141 PMCID: PMC3864725 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mct254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED BACKROUND AND AIMS: It has been suggested that the rate of net photosynthesis (AN) of carnivorous plants increases in response to prey capture and nutrient uptake; however, data confirming the benefit from carnivory in terms of increased AN are scarce and unclear. The principal aim of our study was to investigate the photosynthetic benefit from prey capture in the carnivorous sundew Drosera capensis. METHODS Prey attraction experiments were performed, with measurements and visualization of enzyme activities, elemental analysis and pigment quantification together with simultaneous measurements of gas exchange and chlorophyll a fluorescence in D. capensis in response to feeding with fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster). KEY RESULTS Red coloration of tentacles did not act as a signal to attract fruit flies onto the traps. Phosphatase, phophodiesterase and protease activities were induced 24 h after prey capture. These activities are consistent with the depletion of phosphorus and nitrogen from digested prey and a significant increase in their content in leaf tissue after 10 weeks. Mechanical stimulation of tentacle glands alone was not sufficient to induce proteolytic activity. Activities of β-D-glucosidases and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidases in the tentacle mucilage were not detected. The uptake of phosphorus from prey was more efficient than that of nitrogen and caused the foliar N:P ratio to decrease; the contents of other elements (K, Ca, Mg) decreased slightly in fed plants. Increased foliar N and P contents resulted in a significant increase in the aboveground plant biomass, the number of leaves and chlorophyll content as well as AN, maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm) and effective photochemical quantum yield of photosystem II (ΦPSII). CONCLUSIONS According to the stoichiometric relationships among different nutrients, the growth of unfed D. capensis plants was P-limited. This P-limitation was markedly alleviated by feeding on fruit flies and resulted in improved plant nutrient status and photosynthetic performance. This study supports the original cost/benefit model proposed by T. Givnish almost 30 years ago and underlines the importance of plant carnivory for increasing phosphorus, and thereby photosynthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrej Pavlovič
- Department of Biophysics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 11, CZ-783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina B2, SK-842 15, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Miroslav Krausko
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina B2, SK-842 15, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michaela Libiaková
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina B2, SK-842 15, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lubomír Adamec
- Institute of Botany of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Section of Plant Ecology, Dukelská 135, CZ-379 82, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
Decreased expression of the fly and worm Indy genes extends longevity. The fly Indy gene and its mammalian homolog are transporters of Krebs cycle intermediates, with the highest rate of uptake for citrate. Cytosolic citrate has a role in energy regulation by affecting fatty acid synthesis and glycolysis. Fly, worm, and mice Indy gene homologs are predominantly expressed in places important for intermediary metabolism. Consequently, decreased expression of Indy in fly and worm, and the removal of mIndy in mice exhibit changes associated with calorie restriction, such as decreased levels of lipids, changes in carbohydrate metabolism and increased mitochondrial biogenesis. Here we report that several Indy alleles in a diverse array of genetic backgrounds confer increased longevity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Blanka Rogina
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center Farmington, CT, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Garcia FR, Ricalde MP. Augmentative Biological Control Using Parasitoids for Fruit Fly Management in Brazil. Insects 2012; 4:55-70. [PMID: 26466795 DOI: 10.3390/insects4010055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Revised: 11/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The history of classical biological control of fruit flies in Brazil includes two reported attempts in the past 70 years. The first occurred in 1937 when an African species of parasitoid larvae (Tetrastichus giffardianus) was introduced to control the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata and other tephritids. The second occurred in September 1994 when the exotic parasitoid Diachasmimorpha longicaudata, originally from Gainesville, Florida, was introduced by a Brazilian agricultural corporation (EMBRAPA) to evaluate the parasitoid's potential for the biological control of Anastrepha spp. and Ceratitis capitata. Although there are numerous native Brazilian fruit fly parasitoids, mass rearing of these native species is difficult. Thus, D. longicaudata was chosen due to its specificity for the family Tephritidae and its ease of laboratory rearing. In this paper we review the literature on Brazilian fruit fly biological control and suggest that those tactics can be used on a large scale, together creating a biological barrier to the introduction of new fruit fly populations, reducing the source of outbreaks and the risk of species spread, while decreasing the use of insecticides on fruit destined for domestic and foreign markets.
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
The preconditioning phenomena have been well established in heart as well as brain. In this review, we detail some of the original studies on preconditioning as well as studies from our lab using rodents and a genetic model system (fruit fly). We have used Drosophila in our lab to solve some of the questions related to tolerance or susceptibility to hypoxia. We believe that these pro-survival strategies and genetic pathways help us understand some of the preconditioning mechanisms that protect the brain from ischemia or ischemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priti Azad
- Department of Pediatrics (Section of Respiratory Medicine), University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Cancino J, Ruíz L, Viscarret M, Sivinski J, Hendrichs J. Application of Nuclear Techniques to Improve the Mass Production and Management of Fruit Fly Parasitoids. Insects 2012; 3:1105-25. [PMID: 26466729 PMCID: PMC4553566 DOI: 10.3390/insects3041105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Revised: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The use of irradiated hosts in mass rearing tephritid parasitoids represents an important technical advance in fruit fly augmentative biological control. Irradiation assures that fly emergence is avoided in non-parasitized hosts, while at the same time it has no appreciable effect on parasitoid quality, i.e., fecundity, longevity and flight capability. Parasitoids of fruit fly eggs, larvae and pupae have all been shown to successfully develop in irradiated hosts, allowing a broad range of species to be shipped and released without post-rearing delays waiting for fly emergence and costly procedures to separate flies and wasps. This facilitates the early, more effective and less damaging shipment of natural enemies within hosts and across quarantined borders. In addition, the survival and dispersal of released parasitoids can be monitored by placing irradiated sentinel-hosts in the field. The optimal radiation dosages for host-sterility and parasitoid-fitness differ among species, and considerable progress has been made in integrating radiation into a variety of rearing procedures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Cancino
- Programa Moscafrut SAGARPA-IICA, Camino a los Cacahoatales S/N, 30860, Metapa de Domínguez, Chiapas, Mexico.
| | - Lía Ruíz
- Programa Moscafrut SAGARPA-IICA, Camino a los Cacahoatales S/N, 30860, Metapa de Domínguez, Chiapas, Mexico.
| | - Mariana Viscarret
- Insectario de Investigaciones para Lucha Biológica, Instituto de Microbiología y Zoología CICVyA, INTA, Castelar, 1712 Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - John Sivinski
- Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA.
| | - Jorge Hendrichs
- Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, A-1400 Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Ovruski SM, Schliserman P. Biological Control of Tephritid Fruit Flies in Argentina: Historical Review, Current Status, and Future Trends for Developing a Parasitoid Mass-Release Program. Insects 2012; 3:870-88. [PMID: 26466633 DOI: 10.3390/insects3030870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Revised: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In Argentina there are two tephritid fruit fly species of major economic and quarantine importance: the exotic Ceratitis capitata that originated from Southeast Africa and the native Anastrepha fraterculus. In recent years, the use of fruit fly parasitoids as biocontrol agents has received renewed attention. This increasing interest has recently led to the establishment of a program for the mass rearing of five million Diachasmimorpha longicaudata parasitoids per week in the BioPlanta San Juan facility, San Juan, Argentina. The first augmentative releases of D. longicaudata in Argentina are currently occurring on commercial fig crops in rural areas of San Juan as part of an integrated fruit fly management program on an area-wide basis. In this context, research is ongoing to assess the suitability of indigenous parasitoid species for successful mass rearing on larvae of either C. capitata or A. fraterculus. The purpose of this article is to provide a historical overview of the biological control of the fruit fly in Argentina, report on the strategies currently used in Argentina, present information on native parasitoids as potential biocontrol agents, and discuss the establishment of a long-term fruit fly biological control program, including augmentative and conservation modalities, in Argentina’s various fruit growing regions.
Collapse
|
47
|
Płachno BJ, Adamec L, Huet H. Mineral nutrient uptake from prey and glandular phosphatase activity as a dual test of carnivory in semi-desert plants with glandular leaves suspected of carnivory. Ann Bot 2009; 104:649-54. [PMID: 19556266 PMCID: PMC2729641 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcp155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2009] [Revised: 04/29/2009] [Accepted: 05/26/2009] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Ibicella lutea and Proboscidea parviflora are two American semi-desert species of glandular sticky plants that are suspected of carnivory as they can catch small insects. The same characteristics might also hold for two semi-desert plants with glandular sticky leaves from Israel, namely Cleome droserifolia and Hyoscyamus desertorum. The presence of proteases on foliar hairs, either secreted by the plant or commensals, detected using a simple test, has long been considered proof of carnivory. However, this test does not prove whether nutrients are really absorbed from insects by the plant. To determine the extent to which these four species are potentially carnivorous, hair secretion of phosphatases and uptake of N, P, K and Mg from fruit flies as model prey were studied in these species and in Roridula gorgonias and Drosophyllum lusitanicum for comparison. All species examined possess morphological and anatomical adaptations (hairs or emergences secreting sticky substances) to catch and kill small insects. METHODS The presence of phosphatases on foliar hairs was tested using the enzyme-labelled fluorescence method. Dead fruit flies were applied to glandular sticky leaves of experimental plants and, after 10-15 d, mineral nutrient content in their spent carcasses was compared with initial values in intact flies after mineralization. KEY RESULTS Phosphatase activity was totally absent on Hyoscyamus foliar hairs, a certain level of activity was usually found in Ibicella, Proboscidea and Cleome, and a strong response was found in Drosophyllum. Roridula exhibited only epidermal activity. However, only Roridula and Drosophyllum took up nutrients (N, P, K and Mg) from applied fruit flies. CONCLUSIONS Digestion of prey and absorption of their nutrients are the major features of carnivory in plants. Accordingly, Roridula and Drosophyllum appeared to be fully carnivorous; by contrast, all other species examined are non-carnivorous as they did not meet the above criteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Jan Płachno
- Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology, Jagiellonian University, 52 Grodzka st., PL-31- 044 Cracow, Poland.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|