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Simioni C, Rover T, Schmidt ÉC, de L Felix MR, Polo LK, Santos RD, Costa GB, Kreusch M, Pereira DT, Ouriques LC, Bouzon ZL. Effects of brefeldin A on the endomembrane system and germ tube formation of the tetraspore of Gelidium floridanum (Rhodophyta, Florideophyceae). JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2014; 50:577-586. [PMID: 26988329 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Gelidium floridanum W.R. Taylor tetraspores are units of dispersal and are responsible for substrate attachment. This study aimed to examine evidence of direct interaction between germ tube formation and Golgi activity during tetraspore germination of G. floridanum. After release, the tetraspores were incubated with brefeldin A (BFA) in concentrations of 4 and 8 μM over a 6 h period. The controls and treatments were analyzed with light, fluorescence (FM4-64 dye) and transmission electron microscopy. In the control samples, the Golgi bodies were responsible for germ tube formation. In contrast, BFA-treated samples were observed to inhibit spore adhesion and germ tube formation. These tetraspores also showed an increase in volume (≥30 μm width). BFA treatment also resulted in the disassembly of Golgi cisternae and the formation of vesiculated areas of the cytoplasm, blocking the secretion of protein and amorphous matrix polysaccharides. When stained with FM4-64, the control samples showed fluorescence in the apical region of the germ tube, but the treated samples showed an intense fluorescence throughout the cytoplasm. From these results, we can conclude that the germ tube is formed by the incorporation of vesicles derived from Golgi. Thus, vesicle secretion and Golgi organization are basic processes and essential in adhesion and tube formation. By blocking the secretion of protein and amorphous matrix polysaccharides, BFA treatment precluded tetraspore germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Simioni
- Plant Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, CP 476, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88049-900, Brazil
- Central Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Federal University of Santa Catarina, CP 476, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88049-900, Brazil
| | - Ticiane Rover
- Plant Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, CP 476, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88049-900, Brazil
- Central Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Federal University of Santa Catarina, CP 476, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88049-900, Brazil
| | - Éder C Schmidt
- Plant Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, CP 476, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88049-900, Brazil
- Central Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Federal University of Santa Catarina, CP 476, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88049-900, Brazil
| | - Marthiellen R de L Felix
- Plant Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, CP 476, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88049-900, Brazil
- Central Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Federal University of Santa Catarina, CP 476, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88049-900, Brazil
| | - Luz Karime Polo
- Plant Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, CP 476, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88049-900, Brazil
- Central Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Federal University of Santa Catarina, CP 476, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88049-900, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Dos Santos
- Plant Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, CP 476, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88049-900, Brazil
- Central Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Federal University of Santa Catarina, CP 476, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88049-900, Brazil
| | - Giulia Burle Costa
- Plant Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, CP 476, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88049-900, Brazil
- Central Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Federal University of Santa Catarina, CP 476, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88049-900, Brazil
| | - Marianne Kreusch
- Plant Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, CP 476, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88049-900, Brazil
- Central Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Federal University of Santa Catarina, CP 476, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88049-900, Brazil
| | - Debora T Pereira
- Plant Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, CP 476, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88049-900, Brazil
- Central Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Federal University of Santa Catarina, CP 476, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88049-900, Brazil
| | - Luciane C Ouriques
- Plant Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, CP 476, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88049-900, Brazil
- Central Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Federal University of Santa Catarina, CP 476, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88049-900, Brazil
| | - Zenilda L Bouzon
- Plant Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, CP 476, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88049-900, Brazil
- Central Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Federal University of Santa Catarina, CP 476, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88049-900, Brazil
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Lin A, Shen S, Wang G, Yi Q, Qiao H, Niu J, Pan G. Comparison of chlorophyll and photosynthesis parameters of floating and attached Ulva prolifera. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2011; 53:25-34. [PMID: 21205171 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7909.2010.01002.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In mid-May 2008 a serious green tide caused mainly by floating Ulva prolifera (Müller) J. Agardh (Chlorophyta, Ulvales) thalli struck the coastal area of Qingdao, China. To understand the present physiological conditions of the floating alga, in this work both laboratory and field investigations were conducted on the floating U. prolifera thalli in comparison with the attached U. prolifera thalli collected from the area. The floating thalli of three distinctively different colors and attached thalli at three different stages of sporangium formation process were characterized under a microscope, while their photosynthetic parameters were determined with chlorophyll fluorescence technology. On the other hand, the sporangium formation status of the floating U. prolifera thalli was surveyed both in the laboratory and in the field. Comparisons showed that both of the paired morphological characteristics and the paired physiological parameters of the floating and attached U. prolifera thalli were consistent. Furthermore, some spores were confirmed in the field and some motile particles were found within the floating thalli. These results suggest that the floating U. prolifera thalli with different colors could be at different stages of sporangium formation. However, our results also showed that the floating alga thalli have only a limited reproductive potential. This might limit the duration and the further geographic expansion of the green algal bloom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apeng Lin
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
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Michael TS. GLYCOCONJUGATE ORGANIZATION OF ENTEROMORPHA (=ULVA) FLEXUOSA AND ULVA FASCIATA (CHLOROPHYTA) ZOOSPORES(1). JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2009; 45:660-677. [PMID: 27034043 DOI: 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2009.00695.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Ecologically successful algae that colonize natural and artificial substrates in the marine environment have distinct strategies for opportunistic dispersal and settlement. The objective of this research was to visualize molecular architecture of zoospores from Enteromorpha (=Ulva) flexuosa (Wulfen) J. Agardh and Ulva fasciata Delile that coexist but alternate in dominance on an intertidal bench. Multiple fluorescent lectins were used to stabilize and probe for diverse zoospore glycoconjugates (GC) that could be involved in cell and substrate interactions. Results from epifluorescence microscopy showed distinct cellular and extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) domains of GC relative to settlement morphologies. Glycoconjugates were similar for both species with (1) α-d mannose and/or glucose moieties localized on flagella, the anterior domes and anterior regions, the plasma membranes, and EPS; (2) α-fucose localized on flagella and anterior regions; (3) N or α,ß-N acetylglucosamine localized on flagella, the anterior regions, and EPS; and (4) varied N-acetylgalactosamine and/or galactose moieties localized on each domain for both species excluding the plasma membranes. Some differences in lectin binding were observed for each species at the flagella, the anterior domes, and the plasma membranes. Glycoconjugate distributions shifted with morphological changes that followed initial adhesion. TEM of E. flexuosa zoospore stages following carbohydrate-stabilizing fixations and gold-conjugated lectin probes resolved GC with α-d mannose and/or glucose, and/or N-acetylglucosamine at the plasma membrane, ER and diverse vesicles of the anterior pole, EPS, and discontinuous regions or knobs associated with flagellar surfaces. The distinct distribution and diversity of zoospore GC may be central to recognition and attachment on diverse substrata by these algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teena Shen Michael
- Department of Biology, Chaminade University of Honolulu, 3140 Waialae Ave, Honolulu, Hawaii, 96816, USA
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Skalamera D, Wasson AP, Hardham AR. Genes expressed in zoospores of Phytophthora nicotianae. Mol Genet Genomics 2003; 270:549-57. [PMID: 14652735 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-003-0946-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2003] [Accepted: 10/17/2003] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The genus Phytophthora includes many highly destructive plant pathogens. In many Phytophthora species, pathogen dispersal and initiation of plant infection are achieved by motile, biflagellate zoospores that are chemotactically attracted to suitable infection sites. In order to study gene expression in zoospores, we have constructed a cDNA library using mRNA from zoospores of Phytophthora nicotianae. The library was arrayed and screened using probes derived from mycelium or zoospore mRNA. More than 400 clones representing genes preferentially expressed in zoospores were identified and sequenced from the 5' end of the insert. The expressed sequence tags (ESTs) generated were found to represent 240 genes. The ESTs were compared to sequences in GenBank and in the Phytophthora Genome Consortium database, and classified according to putative function based on homology to known proteins. To further characterize the identified genes, a colony array was created on replicate nylon filters and screened with probes derived from four Phytophthora developmental stages including zoospores, germinating cysts, vegetative mycelium and sporulating hyphae, and from inoculated and uninoculated tobacco seedlings. Data from sequence analysis and colony array screening were compiled into a local database, and searched to identify genes that are preferentially expressed in zoospores for future functional analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Skalamera
- Cooperative Research Centre for Tropical Plant Protection and Plant Cell Biology Group, Research School of Biological Sciences, Australian National University, ACT 2601, Canberra, Australia.
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