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Castro-López C, Pascacio-Villafán C, Aluja M, García HS, González-Córdova AF, Vallejo-Cordoba B, Hernández-Mendoza A. Safety Assessment of the Potential Probiotic Bacterium Limosilactobacillus fermentum J23 Using the Mexican Fruit Fly (Anastrepha ludens Loew, Diptera: Tephritidae) as a Novel In Vivo Model. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024; 16:233-248. [PMID: 36574190 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-022-10034-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Safety assessment of probiotics is difficult but essential. In this work, the Mexican fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens (Loew) (Diptera: Tephritidae), was used as in vivo model to assess the biosafety of Limosilactobacillus fermentum J23. In the first set of experiments, the strain was orally administered to adult flies through direct feeding, whereas in the second set of experiments, it was supplemented through the larval rearing medium. Data showed that L. fermentum J23 did not lead to increased mortality or treatment-related toxicity signs in adult female and male flies. Ingestion of L. fermentum J23 by adult female flies led to a statistically significant improvement in locomotor activity compared to the control groups (ca. 59% decrease in climbing time, p < 0.0001). A positive trend in lifespan extension under stress (maximum lifespan = 144 h) was also observed. When L. fermentum J23 was administered to the larvae, the adult emergence (p = 0.0099), sex ratio (p = 0.0043), and flight ability (p = 0.0009) increased significantly by 7%, 31%, and 8%, respectively, compared to the control diet. No statistical effect between the control diet and the L. fermentum J23-based diet for the number of pupae recovered, pupal weight, duration of the pupal stage, lifespan under stress, and morphological development was observed. We conclude that feeding L. fermentum J23 to the novel experimental model A. ludens had no toxic effects and could be safely considered a potential probiotic for food supplements; however, further studies are still needed to establish its biosafety in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Castro-López
- Laboratorio de Química y Biotecnología de Productos Lácteos, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C. ‒ CIAD, Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas 46, Hermosillo, 83304, Sonora, México
| | - Carlos Pascacio-Villafán
- Clúster Científico y Tecnológico BioMimic®, Red de Manejo Biorracional de Plagas y Vectores, Instituto de Ecología A.C. ‒ INECOL, Carretera Antigua a Coatepec 351, Veracruz, 91073, Xalapa, México
| | - Martin Aluja
- Clúster Científico y Tecnológico BioMimic®, Red de Manejo Biorracional de Plagas y Vectores, Instituto de Ecología A.C. ‒ INECOL, Carretera Antigua a Coatepec 351, Veracruz, 91073, Xalapa, México.
| | - Hugo S García
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo de Alimentos, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico de Veracruz, Miguel Ángel de Quevedo 2779, Veracruz, 91897, Veracruz, México
| | - Aarón F González-Córdova
- Laboratorio de Química y Biotecnología de Productos Lácteos, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C. ‒ CIAD, Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas 46, Hermosillo, 83304, Sonora, México
| | - Belinda Vallejo-Cordoba
- Laboratorio de Química y Biotecnología de Productos Lácteos, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C. ‒ CIAD, Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas 46, Hermosillo, 83304, Sonora, México
| | - Adrián Hernández-Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Química y Biotecnología de Productos Lácteos, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C. ‒ CIAD, Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas 46, Hermosillo, 83304, Sonora, México.
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2
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Aluja M, Zamora-Briseño JA, Pérez-Brocal V, Altúzar-Molina A, Guillén L, Desgarennes D, Vázquez-Rosas-Landa M, Ibarra-Laclette E, Alonso-Sánchez AG, Moya A. Metagenomic Survey of the Highly Polyphagous Anastrepha ludens Developing in Ancestral and Exotic Hosts Reveals the Lack of a Stable Microbiota in Larvae and the Strong Influence of Metamorphosis on Adult Gut Microbiota. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:685937. [PMID: 34413837 PMCID: PMC8367737 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.685937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied the microbiota of a highly polyphagous insect, Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae), developing in six of its hosts, including two ancestral (Casimiroa edulis and C. greggii), three exotic (Mangifera indica cv. Ataulfo, Prunus persica cv. Criollo, and Citrus x aurantium) and one occasional host (Capsicum pubescens cv. Manzano), that is only used when extreme drought conditions limit fruiting by the common hosts. One of the exotic hosts (“criollo” peach) is rife with polyphenols and the occasional host with capsaicinoids exerting high fitness costs on the larvae. We pursued the following questions: (1) How is the microbial composition of the larval food related to the composition of the larval and adult microbiota, and what does this tell us about transience and stability of this species’ gut microbiota? (2) How does metamorphosis affect the adult microbiota? We surveyed the microbiota of the pulp of each host fruit, as well as the gut microbiota of larvae and adult flies and found that the gut of A. ludens larvae lacks a stable microbiota, since it was invariably associated with the composition of the pulp microbiota of the host plant species studied and was also different from the microbiota of adult flies indicating that metamorphosis filters out much of the microbiota present in larvae. The microbiota of adult males and females was similar between them, independent of host plant and was dominated by bacteria within the Enterobacteriaceae. We found that in the case of the “toxic” occasional host C. pubescens the microbiota is enriched in potentially deleterious genera that were much less abundant in the other hosts. In contrast, the pulp of the ancestral host C. edulis is enriched in several bacterial groups that can be beneficial for larval development. We also report for the first time the presence of bacteria within the Arcobacteraceae family in the gut microbiota of A. ludens stemming from C. edulis. Based on our findings, we conclude that changes in the food-associated microbiota dictate major changes in the larval microbiota, suggesting that most larval gut microbiota is originated from the food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martín Aluja
- Red de Manejo Biorracional de Plagas y Vectores, Instituto de Ecología, AC-INECOL, Clúster Científico y Tecnológico BioMimic®, Xalapa, Mexico
| | - Jesús Alejandro Zamora-Briseño
- Red de Manejo Biorracional de Plagas y Vectores, Instituto de Ecología, AC-INECOL, Clúster Científico y Tecnológico BioMimic®, Xalapa, Mexico
| | - Vicente Pérez-Brocal
- Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Alma Altúzar-Molina
- Red de Manejo Biorracional de Plagas y Vectores, Instituto de Ecología, AC-INECOL, Clúster Científico y Tecnológico BioMimic®, Xalapa, Mexico
| | - Larissa Guillén
- Red de Manejo Biorracional de Plagas y Vectores, Instituto de Ecología, AC-INECOL, Clúster Científico y Tecnológico BioMimic®, Xalapa, Mexico
| | - Damaris Desgarennes
- Red de Biodiversidad y Sistemática, Instituto de Ecología, AC-INECOL, Clúster Científico y Tecnológico BioMimic®, Xalapa, Mexico
| | - Mirna Vázquez-Rosas-Landa
- Red de Manejo Biorracional de Plagas y Vectores, Instituto de Ecología, AC-INECOL, Clúster Científico y Tecnológico BioMimic®, Xalapa, Mexico
| | - Enrique Ibarra-Laclette
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología, AC-INECOL, Clúster Científico y Tecnológico BioMimic®, Xalapa, Mexico
| | - Alexandro G Alonso-Sánchez
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología, AC-INECOL, Clúster Científico y Tecnológico BioMimic®, Xalapa, Mexico
| | - Andrés Moya
- Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain.,Instituto de Biología Integrativa de Sistemas (I2Sysbio), Universidad de Valencia-CSIC, Valencia, Spain
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3
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Scolari F, Valerio F, Benelli G, Papadopoulos NT, Vaníčková L. Tephritid Fruit Fly Semiochemicals: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12050408. [PMID: 33946603 PMCID: PMC8147262 DOI: 10.3390/insects12050408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The Dipteran family Tephritidae (true fruit flies) comprises more than 5000 species classified in 500 genera distributed worldwide. Tephritidae include devastating agricultural pests and highly invasive species whose spread is currently facilitated by globalization, international trade and human mobility. The ability to identify and exploit a wide range of host plants for oviposition, as well as effective and diversified reproductive strategies, are among the key features supporting tephritid biological success. Intraspecific communication involves the exchange of a complex set of sensory cues that are species- and sex-specific. Chemical signals, which are standing out in tephritid communication, comprise long-distance pheromones emitted by one or both sexes, cuticular hydrocarbons with limited volatility deposited on the surrounding substrate or on the insect body regulating medium- to short-distance communication, and host-marking compounds deposited on the fruit after oviposition. In this review, the current knowledge on tephritid chemical communication was analysed with a special emphasis on fruit fly pest species belonging to the Anastrepha, Bactrocera, Ceratitis, and Rhagoletis genera. The multidisciplinary approaches adopted for characterising tephritid semiochemicals, and the real-world applications and challenges for Integrated Pest Management (IPM) and biological control strategies are critically discussed. Future perspectives for targeted research on fruit fly chemical communication are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Scolari
- Institute of Molecular Genetics IGM-CNR “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza”, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.S.); (L.V.); Tel.: +39-0382-986421 (F.S.); +420-732-852-528 (L.V.)
| | - Federica Valerio
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Benelli
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Nikos T. Papadopoulos
- Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Fytokou st., N. Ionia, 38446 Volos, Greece;
| | - Lucie Vaníčková
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of AgriSciences Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Forest Botany, Dendrology and Geobiocoenology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (F.S.); (L.V.); Tel.: +39-0382-986421 (F.S.); +420-732-852-528 (L.V.)
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Ibarra-Juarez LA, Burton MAJ, Biedermann PHW, Cruz L, Desgarennes D, Ibarra-Laclette E, Latorre A, Alonso-Sánchez A, Villafan E, Hanako-Rosas G, López L, Vázquez-Rosas-Landa M, Carrion G, Carrillo D, Moya A, Lamelas A. Evidence for Succession and Putative Metabolic Roles of Fungi and Bacteria in the Farming Mutualism of the Ambrosia Beetle Xyleborus affinis. mSystems 2020; 5:e00541-20. [PMID: 32934115 PMCID: PMC7498683 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00541-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The bacterial and fungal community involved in ambrosia beetle fungiculture remains poorly studied compared to the famous fungus-farming ants and termites. Here we studied microbial community dynamics of laboratory nests, adults, and brood during the life cycle of the sugarcane shot hole borer, Xyleborus affinis We identified a total of 40 fungal and 428 bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs), from which only five fungi (a Raffaelea fungus and four ascomycete yeasts) and four bacterial genera (Stenotrophomonas, Enterobacter, Burkholderia, and Ochrobactrum) can be considered the core community playing the most relevant symbiotic role. Both the fungal and bacterial populations varied significantly during the beetle's life cycle. While the ascomycete yeasts were the main colonizers of the gallery early on, the Raffaelea and other filamentous fungi appeared after day 10, at the time when larval hatching happened. Regarding bacteria, Stenotrophomonas and Enterobacter dominated overall but decreased in foundresses and brood with age. Finally, inferred analyses of the putative metabolic capabilities of the bacterial microbiome revealed that they are involved in (i) degradation of fungal and plant polymers, (ii) fixation of atmospheric nitrogen, and (iii) essential amino acid, cofactor, and vitamin provisioning. Overall, our results suggest that yeasts and bacteria are more strongly involved in supporting the beetle-fungus farming symbiosis than previously thought.IMPORTANCE Ambrosia beetles farm their own food fungi within tunnel systems in wood and are among the three insect lineages performing agriculture (the others are fungus-farming ants and termites). In ambrosia beetles, primary ambrosia fungus cultivars have been regarded essential, whereas other microbes have been more or less ignored. Our KEGG analyses suggest so far unknown roles of yeasts and bacterial symbionts, by preparing the tunnel walls for the primary ambrosia fungi. This preparation includes enzymatic degradation of wood, essential amino acid production, and nitrogen fixation. The latter is especially exciting because if it turns out to be present in vivo in ambrosia beetles, all farming animals (including humans) are dependent on atmospheric nitrogen fertilization of their crops. As previous internal transcribed spacer (ITS) metabarcoding approaches failed on covering the primary ambrosia fungi, our 18S metabarcoding approach can also serve as a template for future studies on the ambrosia beetle-fungus symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Ibarra-Juarez
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología A. C., Xalapa, México
| | - M A J Burton
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología A. C., Xalapa, México
| | - P H W Biedermann
- Chair of Forest Entomology and Protection, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - L Cruz
- Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Homestead, Florida, USA
| | - D Desgarennes
- Red de Biodiversidad y Sistemática, Instituto de Ecología A. C., Xalapa, México
| | - E Ibarra-Laclette
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología A. C., Xalapa, México
| | - A Latorre
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (Universitat de València and CSIC), València, Spain
- Foundation for the Promotion of Sanitary and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Community (FISABIO), València, Spain
| | - A Alonso-Sánchez
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología A. C., Xalapa, México
| | - E Villafan
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología A. C., Xalapa, México
| | - G Hanako-Rosas
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología A. C., Xalapa, México
| | - L López
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología A. C., Xalapa, México
| | | | - G Carrion
- Red de Biodiversidad y Sistemática, Instituto de Ecología A. C., Xalapa, México
| | - D Carrillo
- Red de Biodiversidad y Sistemática, Instituto de Ecología A. C., Xalapa, México
| | - A Moya
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (Universitat de València and CSIC), València, Spain
- Foundation for the Promotion of Sanitary and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Community (FISABIO), València, Spain
| | - A Lamelas
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología A. C., Xalapa, México
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Abstract
Two areas of research that have greatly increased in attention are: dipterans as vectors and the microbes they are capable of vectoring. Because it is the front-end of the fly that first encounters these microbes, this review focuses on the legs, mouthparts, and foregut, which includes the crop as major structures involved in dipteran vectoring ability. The legs and mouthparts are generally involved in mechanical transmission of microbes. However, the crop is involved in more than just mechanical transmission, for it is within the lumen of the crop that microbes are taken up with the meal of the fly, stored, and it is within the lumen that horizontal transmission of bacterial resistance has been demonstrated. In addition to storage of microbes, the crop is also involved in depositing the microbes via a process known as regurgitation. Various aspects of crop regulation are discussed and specific examples of crop involvement with microorganisms are discussed. The importance of biofilm and biofilm formation are presented, as well as, some physical parameters of the crop that might either facilitate or inhibit biofilm formation. Finally, there is a brief discussion of dipteran model systems for studying crop microbe interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- John G Stoffolano
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
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