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Jiao L, Mao Y, Zhao Y, Bian L, Luo Z, Li Z, Xiu C, Fu N, Cai X, Chen Z. Volatile cues of enhanced attractiveness to Parapanteles hyposidrae (Wilkinson) wasps mediated by jasmonic and salicylic acid pathways synergism in tea plant. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2025; 81:2847-2856. [PMID: 39810647 DOI: 10.1002/ps.8651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2024] [Revised: 12/22/2024] [Accepted: 12/27/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) pathways are often thought to interact antagonistically in plants when mediating anti-herbivore resistance. However, we previously found that the two pathways in tea plant interact synergistically when treated with 1.5 mmol/L methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and 20 mmol/L SA at 12 h intervals (MeJA+SA treatment). Here, we investigated how and why JA-SA synergism in tea plants affected chemotaxis of Parapanteles hyposidrae (Wilkinson) wasps, the parasite of tea geometers. RESULTS Wasp attractiveness of MeJA+SA-treated plants was 1.3-fold higher than MeJA-treated plants, although SA-treated plants could not attract more wasps. Five attractive compounds, including (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, linalool, (E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene (DMNT), indole and (E,E)-α-farnesene, were emitted more by MeJA+SA-treated than MeJA-treated plants. Based on the difference in volatiles induced by MeJA and MeJA+SA treatments, five attractive components were separately added to artificial MeJA-induced volatiles (MV) or taken out from artificial MeJA+SA-induced volatiles (MSV). The attractiveness of MV to wasps was enhanced when DMNT or indole was added, whereas the attractiveness of MSV decreased when DMNT, indole or linalool was taken out. When DMNT and indole were both added into MV, the attractiveness of volatile blend to wasps became similar to MSV. CONCLUSION Increased DMNT and indole emissions are the key cues causing volatiles mediated by JA-SA synergism to be more attractive to P. hyposidrae wasps than those mediated by JA pathway alone. This provides new insights into the phytohormone pathway networks in tea plants and the development of natural enemy attractants. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Jiao
- Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Tea Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingxin Mao
- Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Tea Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingjie Zhao
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization, Hangzhou, China
- Guangxi Research Institute of Tea Science, Guilin, China
| | - Lei Bian
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zongxiu Luo
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoqun Li
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chunli Xiu
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization, Hangzhou, China
| | - Nanxia Fu
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoming Cai
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zongmao Chen
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization, Hangzhou, China
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Carr AL, Denning SS, Figurskey AC, Hung KY, Reiskind MH, Wes Watson D. Response of adult Cochliomyia macellaria, Musca domestica, and Sarcophaga bullata (Diptera: Calliphoridae, Muscidae, Sarcophagidae) to odors produced by commercial fly baits in a two-choice olfactometer bioassay. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2025; 25:11. [PMID: 40197614 PMCID: PMC11977110 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieaf020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2024] [Revised: 01/03/2025] [Accepted: 02/06/2025] [Indexed: 04/10/2025]
Abstract
We developed a two-choice spatial olfactometer to evaluate the response of adult secondary screwworm (Cochliomyia macellaria), house fly (Musca domestica), and flesh fly (Sarcophaga bullata) to two commercially available fly-trap attractants, Captivator and FliesBeGone in three-dimensional space. Liquid fly baits were prepared according to the manufacturer's recommendations and aged to discern the relative attraction of fresh and older baits. Each 0.07 m3 (2.5 ft3) arena was fitted with two fresh air intake ports, collection chambers containing the attractant or a blank control, and air exhaust ports. We released adult flies into an arena with sufficient space to allow free flight and response to the test attractants. Each comparison was replicated eight times with fresh flies. Flies were more responsive to commercial bait than the water control. Air flowrates, as measured through the intake ports, was determined to be a limiting factor for C. macellaria and S. bullata with significant responses rates observed to flowrates ≤0.14 m3/min (5 ft3/min) and ≤0.25 m3/min (9 ft3/min), respectively. In contrast, M. domestica appeared to respond similarly to all flowrates tested (≤0.31 m3 (11 ft3/min). In direct comparisons with a water control, M. domestica was attracted to baits regardless of bait age. In similar experiments, C. macellaria was significantly responsive to FliesBeGone aged 2 and 3 d but not Captivator regardless of age. Lastly, S. bullata was most responsive to FliesBeGone aged 3 and 4 d, and Captivator aged 4 d. Female flies responded to fly baits more frequently than males.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Steven S Denning
- Department of Entomology & Plant Pathology, Box 7613, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Anastasia C Figurskey
- Global RD&E Pest Control, SC Johnson Center for Insect Science and Family Health, Wind Point, WI, USA
| | - Kim Y Hung
- Coachella Valley Mosquito & Vector Control District, Indio, CA, USA
| | - Michael H Reiskind
- Department of Entomology & Plant Pathology, Box 7613, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - David Wes Watson
- Department of Entomology & Plant Pathology, Box 7613, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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Weeraddana CDS, Wijesundara R, Hillier W, Swanburg T, Hillier NK, Wang HV, Faraone N, Wolfe S, McCartney C, Wist T, Costamagna AC. Volatile Organic Compounds Mediate Host Selection of Wheat Midge, Sitodiplosis Mosellana (Géhin) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) between Preanthesis and Postanthesis Stages of Wheat. J Chem Ecol 2024; 50:237-249. [PMID: 38713322 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-024-01492-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
The orange wheat blossom midge, Sitodiplosis mosellana (Géhin) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), is a significant wheat pest in the Prairie Provinces of Canada and northern regions of the USA. Wheat phenology plays a critical role in wheat midge oviposition. We hypothesized that S. mosellana oviposition behaviour is influenced by volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by wheat at two adjacent wheat growth stages: preanthesis and postanthesis. A higher number of S. mosellana eggs laid on preanthesis than postanthesis spikes in an oviposition choice experiment using the susceptible spring wheat cultivar 'Roblin'. In preanthesis, wheat emitted higher amounts of Z-3-hexenyl acetate (Z3-06:OAc) than at the postanthesis stage. Higher amounts of methyl ketones such as 2-tridecanone, 2-pentadecanone, and 2-undecanone were emitted by wheat in the postanthesis stage and these VOCs were sensitive to S. mosellana antennae used in the Gas Chromatography-Electroantennographic Detection. Females were attracted to synthetic Z3-06:OAc but were deterred by 2-tridecanone relative to the solvent control in the vertical Y-tube olfactometer. 2-Undecanone and 2-pentadecanone did not show any attractiveness or deterrence. In a no-choice oviposition experiment, fewer eggs were laid in preanthesis wheat exposed to a synthetic VOC blend of Z3-06:OAc, 2-undecanone, 2-tridecanone, and 2-pentadecanone at the concentrations released by postanthesis spikes. This study shows that the reduction of Z3-06:OAc, in the VOC mix, and possibly the increase in 2-tridecanone, are likely responsible for the reduction in oviposition on postanthesis wheat. These results elucidate for the first time the role of specific VOCs mediating S. mosellana oviposition in preanthesis and postanthesis wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaminda De Silva Weeraddana
- Department of Entomology, University of Manitoba, 217 Animal Science/Entomology Bldg, 12 Dafoe Road, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada.
| | - Ramya Wijesundara
- Department of Entomology, University of Manitoba, 217 Animal Science/Entomology Bldg, 12 Dafoe Road, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Wendy Hillier
- Department of Biology, Acadia University, 33 Westwood Avenue, Wolfville, NS, B4P 2R6, Canada
| | - Taylor Swanburg
- Department of Biology, Acadia University, 33 Westwood Avenue, Wolfville, NS, B4P 2R6, Canada
| | - N Kirk Hillier
- Department of Biology, Acadia University, 33 Westwood Avenue, Wolfville, NS, B4P 2R6, Canada
| | - Haozhe V Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Acadia University, 6 University Avenue, Wolfville, NS, B4P 2R6, Canada
| | - Nicoletta Faraone
- Department of Chemistry, Acadia University, 6 University Avenue, Wolfville, NS, B4P 2R6, Canada
| | - Sheila Wolfe
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden Research and Development Centre, 195 Dafoe Road, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2M9, Canada
| | - Curt McCartney
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Agriculture Building, 66 Dafoe Road, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Tyler Wist
- Saskatoon Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 107 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0X2, Canada
| | - Alejandro C Costamagna
- Department of Entomology, University of Manitoba, 217 Animal Science/Entomology Bldg, 12 Dafoe Road, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
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Faal H, Meier LR, Canlas IJ, Murman K, Wallace M, Carrillo D, Cooperband MF. Volatiles from male honeydew excretions attract conspecific male spotted lanternflies, Lycorma delicatula (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae). FRONTIERS IN INSECT SCIENCE 2022; 2:982965. [PMID: 38468787 PMCID: PMC10926466 DOI: 10.3389/finsc.2022.982965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
The spotted lanternfly (SLF), Lycorma delicatula (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae), is a generalist phloem feeder that produces copious amounts of honeydew, which in turn coats the understory. These insects form large aggregations covering the trunks of some trees, while similar trees nearby mysteriously seem unattractive. We investigated whether volatiles from SLF honeydew are attractive to conspecifics by collecting honeydew from the field and testing it for SLF attraction in a two-choice olfactometer. We found that honeydew excreted by adult male SLF was significantly attractive to male SLF, but not female SLF. Although the honeydew excreted by adult female SLF did not significantly attract male or female SLF, both sexes showed a positive trend towards attraction in response to female honeydew in the olfactometer. Analysis of the headspace volatiles of honeydew was conducted, and numerous semiochemicals were identified. Five of which, 2-heptanone, 2-octanone, 2-nonanone, benzyl acetate, and 1-nonanol, were tested in two-choice behavioral assays against a blank control. Benzyl acetate and 2-octanone were attractive to both sexes, whereas 2-heptanone was only attractive to males, and 2-nonanone only to females. The remaining compound, 1-nonanol, repelled females, but not males. Although honeydew has been reported as a source of kairomones for some natural enemies, this may be the first report of sex-specific attractants for conspecific insects found in the honeydew volatiles of a planthopper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajar Faal
- Forest Pest Methods Laboratory, USDA‐APHIS‐PPQ‐S&T, Buzzards Bay, MA, United States
- Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Homestead, FL, United States
| | - Linnea R. Meier
- Forest Pest Methods Laboratory, USDA‐APHIS‐PPQ‐S&T, Buzzards Bay, MA, United States
- Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Homestead, FL, United States
| | - Isaiah J. Canlas
- Forest Pest Methods Laboratory, USDA‐APHIS‐PPQ‐S&T, Buzzards Bay, MA, United States
| | - Kelly Murman
- Forest Pest Methods Laboratory, USDA‐APHIS‐PPQ‐S&T, Buzzards Bay, MA, United States
| | - Matthew Wallace
- Biology Department, East Stroudsburg University, East Stroudsburg, PA, United States
| | - Daniel Carrillo
- Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Homestead, FL, United States
| | - Miriam F. Cooperband
- Forest Pest Methods Laboratory, USDA‐APHIS‐PPQ‐S&T, Buzzards Bay, MA, United States
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Ayelo PM, Yusuf AA, Chailleux A, Mohamed SA, Pirk CWW, Deletre E. Chemical Cues From Honeydew and Cuticular Extracts of Trialeurodes Vaporariorum Serve as Kairomones for The Parasitoid Encarsia Formosa. J Chem Ecol 2022; 48:370-383. [PMID: 35257255 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-022-01354-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Kairomones are semiochemicals that are emitted by an organism and which mediate interspecific interaction that is of benefit to an organism of another species that receives these chemical substances. Parasitoids find and recognize their hosts through eavesdropping on the kairomones emitted from the by-products or the body of the host. Hemipteran insect pests feed on plant sap and excrete the digested plant materials as honeydew. Honeydew serves as a nutritional food source for parasitoids and a medium for micro-organisms whose activity induces the release of volatiles exploited by parasitoids for host location. The parasitoid Encarsia formosa preferentially parasitizes its host, the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, on tomato Solanum lycopersicum, but little is known about the chemicals that mediate these interactions. We investigated the olfactory responses of the parasitoid E. formosa to odours from honeydew and nymphs of T. vaporariorum in a Y-tube olfactometer. Arrestment behaviour of the parasitoid to honeydew and nymph extracts, as well as to synthetic hydrocarbons, was also observed in Petri-dish bioassays. We found that T. vaporariorum honeydew volatiles attracted the parasitoid E. formosa but odours from the whitefly nymphs did not. We also found that the parasitoid spent more time searching on areas treated with extracts of honeydew and nymphs than on untreated areas. Gas-chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis revealed that the honeydew volatiles contained compounds such as (Z)-3-hexenol, δ-3-carene, 3-octanone, α-phellandrene, methyl salicylate, β-ocimene, β-myrcene, and (E)-β-caryophyllene which are known to be attractive to E. formosa. The cuticular extracts of the nymphs predominantly contained alkanes, alkenes, and esters. Among the alkanes, synthetic nonacosane arrested the parasitoid. Our findings are discussed in relation to how the parasitoid E. formosa uses these chemicals to locate its host, T. vaporariorum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Mahukpe Ayelo
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya.
- Social Insects Research Group, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028, South Africa.
| | - Abdullahi A Yusuf
- Social Insects Research Group, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028, South Africa
| | - Anaïs Chailleux
- CIRAD-UPR HORTSYS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Biopass2, Cirad-IRD-ISRA-UGB, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Samira A Mohamed
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Christian W W Pirk
- Social Insects Research Group, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028, South Africa
| | - Emilie Deletre
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya.
- CIRAD-UPR HORTSYS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
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Ayelo PM, Yusuf AA, Pirk CW, Chailleux A, Mohamed SA, Deletre E. Terpenes from herbivore-induced tomato plant volatiles attract Nesidiocoris tenuis (Hemiptera: Miridae), a predator of major tomato pests. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:5255-5267. [PMID: 34310838 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biological control plays a key role in reducing crop damage by Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) and Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood), which cause huge yield losses in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). The mirid predator Nesidiocoris tenuis (Reuter) preys heavily on these pests, with satisfying control levels in tomato greenhouses. Although N. tenuis is known to be attracted to volatiles of tomato plants infested by T. absoluta and whitefly, little is known about the specific attractive compounds and the effect of prey density on the predator response. RESULTS Y-tube olfactometer bioassays revealed that the attraction of N. tenuis to tomato volatiles was positively correlated with the density of T. absoluta infestation, unlike T. vaporariorum infestation. The predator was also attracted to volatiles of T. absoluta larval frass, but not to T. vaporariorum honeydew or T. absoluta sex pheromone. Among the herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) that characterised the attractive plants infested with 20 T. absoluta larvae, olfactometer bioassays revealed that N. tenuis is attracted to the monoterpenes α-pinene, α-phellandrene, 3-carene, β-phellandrene and β-ocimene, whereas (E)-β-caryophyllene was found to repel the predator. In dose-response bioassays, the five-component blend of the attractants elicited a relatively low attraction in the predator, and removal of β-phellandrene from the blend enhanced the attraction of the predator to the resulting four-component blend, suggesting synergism among four monoterpenes. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that a four-component blend of α-pinene, α-phellandrene, 3-carene and β-ocimene could be used as a kairomone-based lure to recruit the predator for the biological control of T. absoluta and T. vaporariorum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal M Ayelo
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa
| | - Abdullahi A Yusuf
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa
| | - Christian Ww Pirk
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa
| | - Anaïs Chailleux
- UPR HORTSYS, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
- Biopass2, Cirad-IRD-ISRA-UGB - Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement-Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, Université Gaston Berger, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Samira A Mohamed
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Emilie Deletre
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya
- UPR HORTSYS, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
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Gerry AC. Review of Methods to Monitor House Fly (Musca domestica) Abundance and Activity. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 113:2571-2580. [PMID: 33057651 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toaa229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The house fly is a ubiquitous pest commonly associated with animal facilities and urban waste. When present in large numbers, house flies can negatively impact humans and animals through nuisance and the transmission of pathogens. Since the development of fly traps and sticky papers to capture flies in the late 1800s, these and other methods have been used as a means to monitor change in house fly density or fly activity over time. Methods include substrate sampling to record density of immature flies, visual observations of adult fly activity, instantaneous counts of landing or resting flies, accumulation of adult flies on/in traps, or accumulation of fly fecal and regurgitation spots deposited by flies onto white cards. These methods do not estimate true house fly density, but rather provide an index of house fly activity that is related to both fly density and the frequency of individual fly behavior (e.g., frequency of flight, landing events) and which is likely more predictive of negative impacts such as nuisance and pathogen transmission. Routine monitoring of house fly activity is a critical component of a house fly management program. Fly activity should be held to a level below a predetermined activity threshold ('action threshold') above which negative impacts are anticipated to occur. This article is a review of methods utilized for monitoring house fly (Diptera: Muscidae) activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alec C Gerry
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA
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