1
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Boyes ED, Gai PL. Visualizing Dynamic Single Atom Catalysis. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2314121. [PMID: 38757873 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202314121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Many industrial chemical processes, including for producing fuels, foods, pharmaceuticals, chemicals and environmental controls, employ heterogeneous solid state catalysts at elevated temperatures in gas or liquid environments. Dynamic reactions at the atomic level play a critical role in catalyst stability and functionality. In situ visualization and analysis of atomic-scale processes in real time under controlled reaction environments can provide important insights into practical frameworks to improve catalytic processes and materials. This review focuses on innovative real time in situ electron microscopy (EM) methods, including recent progress in analytical in situ environmental (scanning) transmission EM (E(STEM), incorporating environmental scanning TEM (ESTEM) and environmental transmission EM (ETEM), with single atom resolution for visualizing and analysing dynamic single atom catalysis under controlled flowing gas reaction environments. ESTEM studies of single atom dynamics of reactions, and of sintering deactivation, contribute to a better-informed understanding of the yield and stability of catalyst operations. Advances in in situ technologies, including gas and liquid sample holders, nanotomography, and higher voltages, as well as challenges and opportunities in tracking reacting atoms, are highlighted. The findings show that the understanding and application of fundamental processes in catalysis can be improved, with valuable economic, environmental, and societal benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward D Boyes
- The York Nanocentre, Department of Physics, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Pratibha L Gai
- The York Nanocentre, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
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2
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Yaguchi T, Gabriel MLS, Hashimoto A, Howe JY. In-situ TEM study from the perspective of holders. Microscopy (Oxf) 2024; 73:117-132. [PMID: 37986584 DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfad055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
During the in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations, the diverse functionalities of different specimen holders play a crucial role. We hereby provide a comprehensive overview of the main types of holders, associated technologies and case studies pertaining to the widely employed heating and gas heating methods, from their initial developments to the latest advancement. In addition to the conventional approaches, we also discuss the emergence of holders that incorporate a micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) chip for in situ observations. The MEMS technology offers a multitude of functions within a single chip, thereby enhancing the capabilities and versatility of the holders. MEMS chips have been utilized in environmental-cell designs, enabling customized fabrication of diverse shapes. This innovation has facilitated their application in conducting in situ observations within gas and liquid environments, particularly in the investigation of catalytic and battery reactions. We summarize recent noteworthy studies conducted using in situ liquid TEM. These studies highlight significant advancements and provide valuable insights into the utilization of MEMS chips in environmental-cells, as well as the expanding capabilities of in situ liquid TEM in various research domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshie Yaguchi
- Electron Microscope Systems Design Department, Hitachi High-Tech Corporation, 552-53 Shinko-cho, Hitachinaka-shi, Ibaraki-ken 312-8504, Japan
| | - Mia L San Gabriel
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, 184 College St, Toronto, ON M5S 3E4, Canada
| | - Ayako Hashimoto
- In-situ Electron Microscopy Technique Development Group, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba 305-0047, Japan
- Degree Programs in Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba 305-0047, Japan
| | - Jane Y Howe
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, 184 College St, Toronto, ON M5S 3E4, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College St, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
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3
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Yoshida K, Sasaki Y, Kuwabara A, Ikuhara Y. Applications of electron microscopic observations to electrochemistry in liquid electrolytes for batteries. Microscopy (Oxf) 2024; 73:154-168. [PMID: 37698551 DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfad044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, we review notable points from observations of electrochemical reactions in a liquid electrolyte by liquid-phase electron microscopy. In situ microscopic observations of electrochemical reactions are urgently required, particularly to solve various battery issues. Battery performance is evaluated by various electrochemical measurements of bulk samples. However, it is necessary to understand the physical/chemical phenomena occurring in batteries to elucidate the reaction mechanisms. Thus, in situ microscopic observation is effective for understanding the reactions that occur in batteries. Herein, we focus on two methods, of the liquid phase (scanning) transmission electron microscopy and liquid phase scanning electron microscopy, and summarize the advantages and disadvantages of both methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaname Yoshida
- Nanostructures Research Laboratory, Japan Fine Ceramics Center, 2-4-1 Mutsuno, Atsuta-ku, Nagoya 456-8587, Japan
| | - Yuki Sasaki
- Nanostructures Research Laboratory, Japan Fine Ceramics Center, 2-4-1 Mutsuno, Atsuta-ku, Nagoya 456-8587, Japan
| | - Akihide Kuwabara
- Nanostructures Research Laboratory, Japan Fine Ceramics Center, 2-4-1 Mutsuno, Atsuta-ku, Nagoya 456-8587, Japan
| | - Yuichi Ikuhara
- Nanostructures Research Laboratory, Japan Fine Ceramics Center, 2-4-1 Mutsuno, Atsuta-ku, Nagoya 456-8587, Japan
- Institute of Engineering Innovation, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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4
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Hata S, Ihara S, Saito H, Murayama M. In-situ heating-and-electron tomography for materials research: from 3D (in-situ 2D) to 4D (in-situ 3D). Microscopy (Oxf) 2024; 73:133-144. [PMID: 38462986 PMCID: PMC11000667 DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfae008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In-situ observation has expanded the application of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and has made a significant contribution to materials research and development for energy, biomedical, quantum, etc. Recent technological developments related to in-situ TEM have empowered the incorporation of three-dimensional observation, which was previously considered incompatible. In this review article, we take up heating as the most commonly used external stimulus for in-situ TEM observation and overview recent in-situ TEM studies. Then, we focus on the electron tomography (ET) and in-situ heating combined observation by introducing the authors' recent research as an example. Assuming that in-situ heating observation is expanded from two dimensions to three dimensions using a conventional TEM apparatus and a commercially available in-situ heating specimen holder, the following in-situ heating-and-ET observation procedure is proposed: (i) use a rapid heating-and-cooling function of a micro-electro-mechanical system holder; (ii) heat and cool the specimen intermittently and (iii) acquire a tilt-series dataset when the specimen heating is stopped. This procedure is not too technically challenging and can have a wide range of applications. Essential technical points for a successful 4D (space and time) observation will be discussed through reviewing the authors' example application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Hata
- Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasugakoen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
- The Ultramicroscopy Research Center, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Shiro Ihara
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasugakoen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - Hikaru Saito
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasugakoen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
- Pan-Omics Data-Driven Research Innovation Center, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasugakoen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Murayama
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasugakoen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Virginia Tech, 445 Old Turner St., Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
- Reactor Materials and Mechanical Design Group, Energy and Environmental Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, PO Box 999, Richland, WA 99352, USA
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5
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Chee SW, Lunkenbein T, Schlögl R, Roldán Cuenya B. Operando Electron Microscopy of Catalysts: The Missing Cornerstone in Heterogeneous Catalysis Research? Chem Rev 2023; 123:13374-13418. [PMID: 37967448 PMCID: PMC10722467 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneous catalysis in thermal gas-phase and electrochemical liquid-phase chemical conversion plays an important role in our modern energy landscape. However, many of the structural features that drive efficient chemical energy conversion are still unknown. These features are, in general, highly distinct on the local scale and lack translational symmetry, and thus, they are difficult to capture without the required spatial and temporal resolution. Correlating these structures to their function will, conversely, allow us to disentangle irrelevant and relevant features, explore the entanglement of different local structures, and provide us with the necessary understanding to tailor novel catalyst systems with improved productivity. This critical review provides a summary of the still immature field of operando electron microscopy for thermal gas-phase and electrochemical liquid-phase reactions. It focuses on the complexity of investigating catalytic reactions and catalysts, progress in the field, and analysis. The forthcoming advances are discussed in view of correlative techniques, artificial intelligence in analysis, and novel reactor designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- See Wee Chee
- Department
of Interface Science, Fritz-Haber Institute
of the Max-Planck Society, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Lunkenbein
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber Institute
of the Max-Planck Society, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Schlögl
- Department
of Interface Science, Fritz-Haber Institute
of the Max-Planck Society, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Beatriz Roldán Cuenya
- Department
of Interface Science, Fritz-Haber Institute
of the Max-Planck Society, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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6
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Qu J, Sui M, Li R. Recent advances in in-situ transmission electron microscopy techniques for heterogeneous catalysis. iScience 2023; 26:107072. [PMID: 37534164 PMCID: PMC10391733 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The process of heterogeneous catalytic reaction under working conditions has long been considered a "black box", which is mainly because of the difficulties in directly characterizing the structural changes of catalysts at the atomic level during catalytic reactions. The development of in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques offers opportunities for introducing a realistic chemical reaction environment in TEM, making it possible to uncover the mystery of catalytic reactions. In this article, we present a comprehensive overview of the application of in situ TEM techniques in heterogeneous catalysis, highlighting its utility for observing gas-solid and liquid-solid reactions during thermal catalysis, electrocatalysis, and photocatalysis. in situ TEM has a unique advantage in revealing the complex structural changes of catalysts during chemical reactions. Revealing the real-time dynamic structure during reaction processes is crucial for understanding the intricate relationship between catalyst structure and its catalytic performance. Finally, we present a perspective on the future challenges and opportunities of in situ TEM in heterogeneous catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangshan Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, The Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM-2011), Dalian 116023, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Manling Sui
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microstructure and Properties of Solids, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Rengui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, The Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM-2011), Dalian 116023, China
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7
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Tanaka N, Fujita T, Takahashi Y, Yamasaki J, Murata K, Arai S. Progress in environmental high-voltage transmission electron microscopy for nanomaterials. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2020; 378:20190602. [PMID: 33100163 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2019.0602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A new environmental high-voltage transmission electron microscope (E-HVEM) was developed by Nagoya University in collaboration with JEOL Ltd. An open-type environmental cell was employed to enable in-situ observations of chemical reactions on catalyst particles as well as mechanical deformation in gaseous conditions. One of the reasons for success was the application of high-voltage transmission electron microscopy to environmental (in-situ) observations in the gas atmosphere because of high transmission of electrons through gas layers and thick samples. Knock-on damages to samples by high-energy electrons were carefully considered. In this paper, we describe the detailed design of the E-HVEM, recent developments and various applications. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Dynamic in situ microscopy relating structure and function'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuo Tanaka
- Institute of Materials and Systems for Sustainability (IMaSS), Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
- Nano-structure Laboratory, Japan Fine Ceramics Center, Nagoya 456-8587, Japan
| | - Takeshi Fujita
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kochi University of Technology, Kochi 782-8502, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Takahashi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kansai University, Suita 564-8680, Japan
| | - Jun Yamasaki
- Institute of Materials and Systems for Sustainability (IMaSS), Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
- Research Center for Ultra-High Voltage Electron Microscopy, Osaka University, Ibaraki 567-0047, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Murata
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Shigeo Arai
- Institute of Materials and Systems for Sustainability (IMaSS), Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
- Nano-structure Laboratory, Japan Fine Ceramics Center, Nagoya 456-8587, Japan
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8
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Ishida T, Hiroshima H, Higuchi K, Tomita M, Saitoh K, Tanji T. Development of a voltage‐applicable heating specimen holder for in situ observations of solid oxide fuel cells with an environmental transmission electron microscope. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.6788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Ishida
- Institute of Materials and Systems for SustainablyNagoya University Nagoya Japan
| | | | - Kimitaka Higuchi
- Institute of Materials and Systems for SustainablyNagoya University Nagoya Japan
| | | | - Koh Saitoh
- Institute of Materials and Systems for SustainablyNagoya University Nagoya Japan
| | - Takayoshi Tanji
- Institute of Innovation for Future SocietyNagoya University Nagoya Japan
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9
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Sannomiya T, Arai Y, Nagayama K, Nagatani Y. Transmission Electron Microscope Using a Linear Accelerator. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:150801. [PMID: 31702296 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.150801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
High-voltage transmission electron microscopes (HVTEMs), which can visualize internal structures of micron thick samples, intrinsically have large instrument sizes because of the static voltage isolation. In this Letter, we develop a compact HVTEM, employing a linear accelerator, a subpicosecond beam chopper, and a linear decelerator. 100 kV electrons initially accelerated by a static field are accelerated at radio frequency (rf) up to 500 kV, transmitting through the sample and finally rf decelerated down to 200 kV to be imaged through a 200 kV energy filter. 500 kV imaging, as well as subnanometer resolution at 200 kV, have been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Sannomiya
- Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midoriku, Yokohama, 226-8503 Japan
- JST PRESTO, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midoriku, Yokohama, 226-8503 Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Arai
- Terabase, Inc., 29-3 Arai, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-0864 Japan
| | - Kuniaki Nagayama
- Life is Small. Company, 1-11-13-417 Minami-ota, Minamiku, Yokohama, 232-0006 Japan
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787 Japan
| | - Yukinori Nagatani
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787 Japan
- KEK, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, 4 Shirane Shirakata, Tokai-mura, Naka-gun, Ibaraki 319-1195 Japan
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10
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Yamasaki J, Ubata Y, Yasuda H. Empirical determination of transmission attenuation curves in mass–thickness contrast TEM imaging. Ultramicroscopy 2019; 200:20-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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11
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Muto S, Arai S, Higuchi T, Orita K, Ohta S, Tanaka H, Suganuma T, Ibe M, Hirata H. Environmental high-voltage S/TEM combined with a quadrupole mass spectrometer for concurrent in situ structural characterization and detection of product gas molecules associated with chemical reactions. Microscopy (Oxf) 2018; 68:185-188. [DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfy141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Muto
- Advanced Measurement Technology Center, Institute of Materials and Systems for Sustainability, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shigeo Arai
- High-Voltage Electron Microscope Laboratory, Institute of Materials and Systems for Sustainability, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | - Koji Orita
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | - Hiromochi Tanaka
- Material Platform Engineering Division, Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota, Japan
| | - Takuya Suganuma
- Advanced Material Engineering Division, Toyota Motor Corporation, Susono, Japan
| | - Masaya Ibe
- Advanced Material Engineering Division, Toyota Motor Corporation, Susono, Japan
| | - Hirohito Hirata
- Advanced Material Engineering Division, Toyota Motor Corporation, Susono, Japan
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12
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In-Situ TEM Study of a Nanoporous Ni–Co Catalyst Used for the Dry Reforming of Methane. METALS 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/met7100406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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13
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Tanabe T, Imai T, Tokunaga T, Arai S, Yamamoto Y, Ueda S, Ramesh GV, Nagao S, Hirata H, Matsumoto SI, Fujita T, Abe H. Nanophase-separated Ni 3Nb as an automobile exhaust catalyst. Chem Sci 2017; 8:3374-3378. [PMID: 28507707 PMCID: PMC5416907 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc05473k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanophase-separated Ni3Nb alloy exhibited higher performance than traditional Pt catalysts toward the remediation of automobile exhaust.
Catalytic remediation of automobile exhaust has relied on precious metals (PMs) including platinum (Pt). Herein, we report that an intermetallic phase of Ni and niobium (Nb) (i.e., Ni3Nb) exhibits a significantly higher activity than that of Pt for the remediation of the most toxic gas in exhaust (i.e., nitrogen monoxide (NO)) in the presence of carbon monoxide (CO). When subjected to the exhaust-remediation atmosphere, Ni3Nb spontaneously evolves into a catalytically active nanophase-separated structure consisting of filamentous Ni networks (thickness < 10 nm) that are incorporated in a niobium oxide matrix (i.e., NbOx (x < 5/2)). The exposure of the filamentous Ni promotes NO dissociation, CO oxidation and N2 generation, and the NbOx matrix absorbs excessive nitrogen adatoms to retain the active Ni0 sites at the metal/oxide interface. Furthermore, the NbOx matrix immobilizes the filamentous Ni at elevated temperatures to produce long-term and stable catalytic performance over hundreds of hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toyokazu Tanabe
- Department of Material & Life Chemistry , Kanagawa University , Yokohama 221-8686 , Japan
| | - Tsubasa Imai
- National Institute for Materials Science , 1-1 Namiki , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-0044 , Japan . .,Graduate School of Science and Technology , Saitama University , 255 Shimo-Okubo , Saitama 338-8570 , Japan
| | - Tomoharu Tokunaga
- Ecotopia Science Institute , Nagoya University , Nagoya 464-8603 , Japan
| | - Shigeo Arai
- Ecotopia Science Institute , Nagoya University , Nagoya 464-8603 , Japan
| | - Yuta Yamamoto
- Ecotopia Science Institute , Nagoya University , Nagoya 464-8603 , Japan
| | - Shigenori Ueda
- Synchrotron X-ray Station at SPring-8 , National Institute for Materials Science , 1-1-1 Kouto , Sayo , Hyogo 679-5148 , Japan
| | - Gubbala V Ramesh
- National Institute for Materials Science , 1-1 Namiki , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-0044 , Japan .
| | - Satoshi Nagao
- Toyota Motor Corporation , Mishuku 1200 , Susono , Shizuoka 410-1107 , Japan
| | - Hirohito Hirata
- Toyota Motor Corporation , Mishuku 1200 , Susono , Shizuoka 410-1107 , Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Matsumoto
- Toyota Motor Corporation , Mishuku 1200 , Susono , Shizuoka 410-1107 , Japan
| | - Takeshi Fujita
- WPI Advanced Institute for Materials Research , Tohoku University , Sendai 980-8577 , Japan .
| | - Hideki Abe
- National Institute for Materials Science , 1-1 Namiki , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-0044 , Japan . .,Graduate School of Science and Technology , Saitama University , 255 Shimo-Okubo , Saitama 338-8570 , Japan
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14
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Wu J, Shan H, Chen W, Gu X, Tao P, Song C, Shang W, Deng T. In Situ Environmental TEM in Imaging Gas and Liquid Phase Chemical Reactions for Materials Research. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:9686-9712. [PMID: 27628711 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201602519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Gas and liquid phase chemical reactions cover a broad range of research areas in materials science and engineering, including the synthesis of nanomaterials and application of nanomaterials, for example, in the areas of sensing, energy storage and conversion, catalysis, and bio-related applications. Environmental transmission electron microscopy (ETEM) provides a unique opportunity for monitoring gas and liquid phase reactions because it enables the observation of those reactions at the ultra-high spatial resolution, which is not achievable through other techniques. Here, the fundamental science and technology developments of gas and liquid phase TEM that facilitate the mechanistic study of the gas and liquid phase chemical reactions are discussed. Combined with other characterization tools integrated in TEM, unprecedented material behaviors and reaction mechanisms are observed through the use of the in situ gas and liquid phase TEM. These observations and also the recent applications in this emerging area are described. The current challenges in the imaging process are also discussed, including the imaging speed, imaging resolution, and data management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenlong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengyi Song
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
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15
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Yamaguchi M, Yamada H, Higuchi K, Yamamoto Y, Arai S, Murata K, Mori Y, Furukawa H, Uddin MS, Chibana H. High-voltage electron microscopy tomography and structome analysis of unique spiral bacteria from the deep sea. Microscopy (Oxf) 2016; 65:363-9. [PMID: 27230559 DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfw016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Structome analysis is a useful tool for identification of unknown microorganisms that cannot be cultured. In 2012, we discovered a unique deep-sea microorganism with a cell structure intermediate between those of prokaryotes and eukaryotes and described its features using freeze-substitution electron microscopy and structome analysis (quantitative and three-dimensional structural analysis of a whole cell at the electron microscopic level). We named it Myojin parakaryote Here we describe, using serial ultrathin sectioning and high-voltage electron microscopy tomography of freeze-substituted specimens, the structome analysis and 3D reconstruction of another unique spiral bacteria, found in the deep sea off the coast of Japan. The bacteria, which is named as 'Myojin spiral bacteria' after the discovery location and their morphology, had a total length of 1.768 ± 0.478 µm and a total diameter of 0.445 ± 0.050 µm, and showed either clockwise or counter-clockwise spiral. The cells had a cell surface membrane, thick fibrous layer, ribosomes and inner fibrous structures (most likely DNA). They had no flagella. The bacteria had 322 ± 119 ribosomes per cell. This ribosome number is only 1.2% of that of Escherichia coli and 19.3% of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and may reflect a very slow growth rate of this organism in the deep sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Yamaguchi
- Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8673, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yamada
- Department of Mycobacterium Reference and Research, The Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8533, Japan
| | - Kimitaka Higuchi
- High Voltage Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Ecotopia Institute, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Yuta Yamamoto
- High Voltage Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Ecotopia Institute, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Shigeo Arai
- High Voltage Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Ecotopia Institute, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Murata
- Section of Electron Microscopy, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Yuko Mori
- System in Frontier Inc., 2-8-3 Shinsuzuharu Bldg. 4F, Akebono-cho, Tachikawa-shi, Tokyo 190-0012, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Furukawa
- System in Frontier Inc., 2-8-3 Shinsuzuharu Bldg. 4F, Akebono-cho, Tachikawa-shi, Tokyo 190-0012, Japan
| | - Mohammad Shorif Uddin
- Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8673, Japan Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Hiroji Chibana
- Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8673, Japan
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16
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Yoshida K, Arai S, Sasaki Y, Tanaka N. Catalytic behavior of noble metal nanoparticles for the hydrogenation and oxidation of multiwalled carbon nanotubes. Microscopy (Oxf) 2016; 65:309-15. [PMID: 26980805 DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfw007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The catalytic behavior of various noble metal nanoparticles (NPs) supported directly on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) was observed using environmental transmission electron microscopy (E-TEM). Gasification of the MWCNTs via catalytic hydrogenation or oxidation progressed at ∼450°C in conjunction with certain noble metal NP catalysts at the interface between MWCNTs and the NPs. During such catalytic reactions, the NPs were observed to move rapidly over the MWCNT surfaces. The mobility and wettability of the NPs varied depending on the particular metal NPs employed and the ambient atmosphere. While rhodium NPs exhibited high wettability under both hydrogen and oxygen atmospheres, the wettability of platinum, palladium and iridium NPs on MWCNTs varied with the atmosphere. The metal NPs seemed to have high degrees of crystallinity while their morphologies fluctuated throughout the catalytic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaname Yoshida
- Japan Fine Ceramics Center, 2-4-1 Mutsuno, Atsuta-ku, Nagoya 456-8587, Japan
| | - Shigeo Arai
- Japan Fine Ceramics Center, 2-4-1 Mutsuno, Atsuta-ku, Nagoya 456-8587, Japan EcoTopia Science Institute, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Yukichi Sasaki
- Japan Fine Ceramics Center, 2-4-1 Mutsuno, Atsuta-ku, Nagoya 456-8587, Japan
| | - Nobuo Tanaka
- Japan Fine Ceramics Center, 2-4-1 Mutsuno, Atsuta-ku, Nagoya 456-8587, Japan EcoTopia Science Institute, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
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17
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Kamatani K, Higuchi K, Yamamoto Y, Arai S, Tanaka N, Ogura M. Direct observation of catalytic oxidation of particulate matter using in situ TEM. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10161. [PMID: 26154580 PMCID: PMC4495604 DOI: 10.1038/srep10161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to observe chemical reactions at the molecular level convincingly demonstrates the physical and chemical phenomena occurring throughout a reaction mechanism. Videos obtained through in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed the oxidation of catalytic soot under practical reaction conditions. Carbon oxidation reactions using Ag/SiO2 or Cs2CO3/nepheline catalysts were performed at 330 °C under an O2 flow of 0.5 Pa in the TEM measurement chamber. Ag/SiO2 catalyzed the reaction at the interface of the mobile Ag species and carbon, while the Cs species was fixed on the nepheline surface during the reaction. In the latter case, carbon particles moved, remained attached to the Cs2CO3/nepheline surface, and were consumed at the interface by the oxidation reaction. Using this technique, we were able to visualize such mobile and immobile catalysis according to different mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Kamatani
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Komaba 4-6-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Kimitaka Higuchi
- Ecotopia Science Institute and Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Yuta Yamamoto
- Ecotopia Science Institute and Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Shigeo Arai
- Ecotopia Science Institute and Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Nobuo Tanaka
- Ecotopia Science Institute and Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Masaru Ogura
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Komaba 4-6-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
- Unit of Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts & Batteries, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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18
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Catalytic oxidation of carbon nanotubes with noble metal nanoparticles. Micron 2015; 76:19-22. [PMID: 26025589 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2015.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Catalytic oxidation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNCTs) with some noble metal nanoparticles was observed by environmental transmission electron microscopy (E-TEM). Amoeba-like movement of the nanoparticles was observed even at a temperature of ∼400°C, which is much lower than the melting points of any of the metals. In particular, rhodium particles reacted intensely with MWCNTs, and assumed a droplet-like shape. On the other hand, gold particles caused very little erosion of the MWCNTs under the conditions of this study.
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19
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Whole-cell imaging of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae by high-voltage scanning transmission electron tomography. Ultramicroscopy 2014; 146:39-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2014.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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20
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Yamasaki J, Mutoh M, Ohta S, Yuasa S, Arai S, Sasaki K, Tanaka N. Analysis of nonlinear intensity attenuation in bright-field TEM images for correct 3D reconstruction of the density in micron-sized materials. Microscopy (Oxf) 2014; 63:345-55. [PMID: 24891385 DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfu020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To obtain the correct tomographic reconstruction of micron-sized materials, the nonlinear intensity attenuation of bright-field transmission electron microscopy (BF-TEM) images was analyzed as a function of the sample thickness using a high-voltage electron microscope. The intensity attenuation was precisely measured relative to the projection thickness of carbon microcoils (CMCs) at acceleration voltages of 400-1000 kV using objective apertures (OAs) with radii of 2.1-28 nm(-1). The results show that the nonlinearity is strongly dependent on the OA size and the acceleration voltage. The influence of nonlinearity on tomographic reconstructions was also examined using a specially developed 360°-tilt sample holder. Sliced images of the reconstructed volumes indicated that an increase in the nonlinearity caused artificial fluctuations in the internal density of materials and inaccurate shapes of the objects in more significant cases. Conditions sufficient for reconstruction with the correct density have been estimated to be 0.67 of the minimum electron transmittance, and for reconstructions with correct shapes, 0.4. This information enables foreseeing the quality of the reconstruction from a single BF-TEM image prior to the tilt-series acquisition. As a result to demonstrate the appropriateness of these conditions, a CMC with a diameter of 3.7 µm was reconstructed successfully; i.e. not only the shape but also the internal density were correctly reproduced using electron tomography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yamasaki
- Research Center for Ultra-High Voltage Electron Microscopy, Osaka University, 7-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan EcoTopia Science Institute, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Michihiro Mutoh
- Department of Crystalline Materials Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Shigemasa Ohta
- JEOL Ltd., 3-1-2 Musashino, Akishima, Tokyo 196-8558, Japan
| | - Syuichi Yuasa
- JEOL Ltd., 3-1-2 Musashino, Akishima, Tokyo 196-8558, Japan
| | - Shigeo Arai
- EcoTopia Science Institute, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Sasaki
- Department of Quantum Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Nobuo Tanaka
- EcoTopia Science Institute, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
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21
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Hansen TW, Wagner JB. Catalysts under Controlled Atmospheres in the Transmission Electron Microscope. ACS Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/cs401148d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W. Hansen
- Center for Electron Nanoscopy, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jakob B. Wagner
- Center for Electron Nanoscopy, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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22
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Fujita T, Tokunaga T, Zhang L, Li D, Chen L, Arai S, Yamamoto Y, Hirata A, Tanaka N, Ding Y, Chen M. Atomic observation of catalysis-induced nanopore coarsening of nanoporous gold. NANO LETTERS 2014; 14:1172-1177. [PMID: 24506191 DOI: 10.1021/nl403895s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Dealloyed nanoporous metals have attracted much attention because of their excellent catalytic activities toward various chemical reactions. Nevertheless, coarsening mechanisms in these catalysts have not been experimentally studied. Here, we report in situ atomic-scale observations of the structural evolution of nanoporous gold during catalytic CO oxidation. The catalysis-induced nanopore coarsening is associated with the rapid diffusion of gold atoms at chemically active surface steps and the surface segregation of residual Ag atoms, both of which are stimulated by the chemical reaction. Our observations provide the first direct evidence that planar defects hinder nanopore coarsening, suggesting a new strategy for developing structurally stable and highly active heterogeneous catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Fujita
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University , Sendai 980-8577, Japan
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