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Angoa G, Pronovost E, Ndiaye ABKT, Lavoie PM, Lemyre B, Mohamed I, Simonyan D, Qureshi M, Afifi J, Yusuf K, Sériès T, Guillot M, Piedboeuf B, Fraser WD, Nuyt AM, Mâsse B, Lacaze-Masmonteil T, Marc I. Effect of Maternal Docosahexaenoic Acid Supplementation on Very Preterm Infant Growth: Secondary Outcome of a Randomized Clinical Trial. Neonatology 2022; 119:377-385. [PMID: 35413719 DOI: 10.1159/000524147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of the study was to determine the effect of a maternal docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation during lactation, compared with a placebo, on the neonatal growth profile of breastfed very preterm infants. METHODS Preterm infants' growth profile, growth velocity from birth to 36 weeks' postmenstrual age (PMA), and growth at 36 weeks' PMA were pre-specified secondary outcomes of a randomized placebo-controlled trial conducted in 16 Canadian neonatal intensive care units (2015-2018). Lactating mothers who delivered before 29 weeks' gestation were given 1.2 g of DHA daily or a placebo within 72 h of delivery and up to 36 weeks' PMA. Analyses were performed using a linear regression model with generalized estimating equations. RESULTS 461 mothers and their 528 infants (DHA, N = 273; placebo, N = 255) were included with mean gestational age of 26.5 weeks (standard deviation [SD] = 1.6); 275 (52.1%) were males; mean birth weight was 895 g (SD = 240). DHA interaction with sex was significant on weight profile (interaction p < 0.001), weight velocity (interaction p = 0.05), and weight at 36 weeks' PMA (interaction p = 0.02). Females in the DHA group gained more weight compared to the placebo group (mean difference [MD], 52.6 g [95% confidence interval [CI]: 24.5-80.8], p < 0.001). Weight velocity was significantly higher in females of the DHA group (MD, 3.4 g/kg/day [95% CI: 0.6-6.2], p = 0.02). At 36 weeks' PMA, the weight of males in the DHA group was significantly smaller (MD, -88.9 g [95% CI: -166.2 to -11.6], p = 0.02). CONCLUSION DHA positively affected female infants' neonatal weight profile and velocity and negatively affected male infants' weight at 36 weeks' PMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina Angoa
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Etienne Pronovost
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Pascal M Lavoie
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Brigitte Lemyre
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ibrahim Mohamed
- Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - David Simonyan
- Clinical and Evaluative Research Platform, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Mosarrat Qureshi
- Division of Neonatology, Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jehier Afifi
- Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Kamran Yusuf
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Thibaut Sériès
- School of Psychology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
| | - Mireille Guillot
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Bruno Piedboeuf
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - William Donald Fraser
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre de recherche du CHU de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Anne-Monique Nuyt
- Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Benoît Mâsse
- Unité de Recherche Clinique Appliquée, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,School of Public Health, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Thierry Lacaze-Masmonteil
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Isabelle Marc
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
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Farahnak Z, Yuan Y, Vanstone CA, Weiler HA. Maternal and neonatal red blood cell n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids inversely associate with infant whole-body fat mass assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2019; 45:318-326. [PMID: 31437414 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2019-0311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Research regarding polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) status and body composition in neonates is limited. This study tested the relationship between newborn docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) status and body composition. Healthy mothers and their term-born infants (n = 100) were studied within 1 month postpartum for anthropometry and whole-body composition using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Maternal and infant red blood cell (RBC) membrane PUFA profiles were measured using gas chromatography (expressed as percentage of total fatty acids). Data were grouped according to infant RBC DHA quartiles and tested for differences in n-3 status and infant body composition using mixed-model ANOVA, Spearman correlations, and regression analyses (P < 0.05). Mothers were 32.2 ± 4.6 years (mean ± SD) of age, infants (54% males) were 0.68 ± 0.23 month of age, and 80% exclusively breastfed. Infant RBC DHA (ranged 3.96% to 7.75% of total fatty acids) inversely associated with infant fat mass (r = -0.22, P = 0.03). Infant and maternal RBC n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio (r2 = 0.28, P = 0.043; r2 = 0.28, P = 0.041 respectively) were positively associated with fat mass. These results demonstrate that both maternal and infant long-chain PUFA status are associated with neonatal body composition. Novelty Our findings support an early window to further explore the relationship between infant n-3 PUFA status and body composition. Maternal and infant n-3 PUFA status is inversely related to neonatal whole-body fat mass. DHA appears to be the best candidate to test in the development of a lean body phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Farahnak
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada.,School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Ye Yuan
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada.,School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Catherine A Vanstone
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada.,School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Hope A Weiler
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada.,School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
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Farahnak Z, Freundorfer MT, Lavery P, Weiler HA. Dietary docosahexaenoic acid contributes to increased bone mineral accretion and strength in young female Sprague-Dawley rats. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2019; 144:32-39. [PMID: 31088624 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that docosahexaenoic acid (DHA: 22:6n-3) enhances bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) in adulthood and during aging, however the effects during and after sexual maturation are unclear. The aim of this study was to examine the dose-response of BMC, BMD and microarchitectural properties of bone to dietary DHA in healthy growing female rats during acquisition of peak bone mass (PBM). Female Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 12/diet) were randomized to receive a control diet (AIN-93 M, 60 g soybean oil/kg diet) or an experimental diet containing 0.1, 0.4, 0.8 and 1.2% DHA (w/w of total diet) for 10 weeks. Dietary DHA increased the whole body, lumbar spine and long bone BMC compared to the control, in addition to higher aBMD and also BMD. Additionally, an increase in cortical bone microarchitecture parameters of lumbar spine as well as peak force were observed in dietary DHA diet groups. Dietary DHA contributes to PBM when consumed during and after sexual maturation, however higher doses of DHA do not provide further benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Farahnak
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Rd, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9 × 3V9, Canada
| | - Marie Therese Freundorfer
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Rd, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9 × 3V9, Canada
| | - Paula Lavery
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Rd, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9 × 3V9, Canada
| | - Hope A Weiler
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Rd, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9 × 3V9, Canada.
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