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Hish AJ, Wood CT, Howard JB, Flower KB, Yin HS, Rothman RL, Delamater AM, Sanders LM, Bian A, Schildcrout JS, Perrin EM. Infant Television Watching Predicts Toddler Television Watching in a Low-Income Population. Acad Pediatr 2021; 21:988-995. [PMID: 33161116 PMCID: PMC8096856 DOI: 10.1016/j.acap.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examines the development of active television (TV) watching behaviors across the first 2 years of life in a racially and ethnically diverse, low-income cohort and identifies caregiver and child predictors of early TV watching. METHODS We used longitudinal data from infants enrolled in the active control group (N = 235; 39% Latino; 29% Black; 15% White) of Greenlight, a cluster randomized multisite trial to prevent childhood obesity. At preventive health visits from 2 months to 2 years, caregivers were asked: "How much time does [child's first name] spend watching television each day?" Proportional odds models and linear regression analyses were used to assess associations among TV introduction age, active TV watching amount at 2 years, and sociodemographic factors. RESULTS Sixty-eight percent of children watched TV by 6 months, and 88% by 2 years. Age of TV introduction predicted amount of daily active TV watching at 2 years, with a mean time of 93 minutes if starting at 2 months; 64 minutes if starting at 4 or 6 months; and 42 minutes if starting after 6 months. Factors predicting earlier introduction included lower income, fewer children in household, care away from home, male sex, and non-Latino ethnicity of child. CONCLUSIONS Many caregivers report that their infants actively watch TV in the first 6 months of life. Earlier TV watching is related to sociodemographic factors yet predicts more daily TV watching at 2 years even controlling those factors. Interventions to limit early TV watching should be initiated in infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Charles T Wood
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University (CT Wood, JB Howard, and EM Perrin), Vienna, Austria; Duke Center for Childhood Obesity Research, Duke University School of Medicine (CT Wood, JB Howard, and EM Perrin), Durham, NC
| | - Janna B Howard
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University (CT Wood, JB Howard, and EM Perrin), Vienna, Austria; Duke Center for Childhood Obesity Research, Duke University School of Medicine (CT Wood, JB Howard, and EM Perrin), Durham, NC
| | - Kori B Flower
- Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine (KB Flower)
| | - H Shonna Yin
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine/Bellevue Hospital Center, New York University (HS Yin), New York, NY
| | - Russell L Rothman
- Center for Health Services Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (RL Rothman), Nashville, Tenn
| | - Alan M Delamater
- University of Miami School of Medicine (AM Delamater), Miami, Fla
| | - Lee M Sanders
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Policy, Outcomes and Prevention, Stanford University (LM Sanders), Stanford, Calif
| | - Aihua Bian
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine (A Bian and JS Schildcrout), Nashville, Tenn
| | - Jonathan S Schildcrout
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine (A Bian and JS Schildcrout), Nashville, Tenn
| | - Eliana M Perrin
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University (CT Wood, JB Howard, and EM Perrin), Vienna, Austria; Duke Center for Childhood Obesity Research, Duke University School of Medicine (CT Wood, JB Howard, and EM Perrin), Durham, NC.
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Wang L, Timmer S, Rosenman K. Assessment of a University-Based Outpatient Asthma Education Program for Children. J Pediatr Health Care 2020; 34:128-135. [PMID: 31628006 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedhc.2019.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To assess the effect of a pediatric asthma intervention program on reducing asthma morbidity. METHODS Study eligibility criteria included aged less than 18 years and at least two office visits for asthma in the previous year. Patients were randomly assigned to either the control or intent to intervene group. The intervention included home visits and education on the basic pathophysiology of asthma, self-management techniques, modification of asthma triggers, and proper use of asthma medications by a certified nurse educator. RESULTS Using simple randomization, 901 eligible pediatric patients with asthma were assigned; 458 to the control and 443 to the intent to intervene group. Of the 443 patients randomized to the intent to intervene group, 271 received the asthma education intervention. Most of the remaining 172 patients in the intent to intervene group did not receive the intervention owing to not having an appointment during the study period. Only 27 families allowed a home visit. After controlling for the difference in sex, children in the intent to intervene group had significantly less total clinic visits (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 0.53, p < .01), and steroid bursts (IRR = 0.47, p < .01) than controls. DISCUSSION The implementation of a pediatric asthma education program decreased both the total clinic visits and the need for steroid bursts consistent with better asthma control. We demonstrated the benefit of a dedicated asthma educator in university-based community practice and recommend this intervention be considered a standard of care for children with asthma in all health-care settings.
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Spence ND, Skelton JA, Ball GDC. A proposed standardized approach to studying attrition in pediatric weight management. Obes Res Clin Pract 2019; 14:60-65. [PMID: 31818674 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2019.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric obesity is a major public health issue. Lifestyle and behavioral interventions are the foundation of pediatric weight management; however, intervention effectiveness is compromised when families (children, youth, and/or parent[s]) discontinue care prematurely. Intervention attrition minimizes the potential health benefits derived from interventions, results in inefficient use of health services resources, and can magnify health disparities. Most attrition research in pediatric weight management has been descriptive, highlighting the need to advance the field, both academically and clinically. Herein, we propose a standard approach to studying attrition in pediatric weight management interventions to enhance our understanding, elevate the quality of research, enable study-to-study comparisons, and inform strategies designed to mitigate its impact. We focus on three issues. First, "Conceptualization and operationalization," whereby the processes underlying attrition from interventions should be decomposed into clinically important phases that are defined based on intervention characteristics. Relatedly, theoretically relevant variables should be identified with different mechanisms driving attrition in each phase. We propose a matrix of attrition, a tool designed to delineate the relevant stages of attrition and associated variables of analytical value. Second, "Pre-study" underscores the value of developing a plan to study attrition a priori rather than post hoc, including variable and sample size considerations, which broadens the range and quality of analysis. Finally, "Post-study" emphasizes comprehensive reporting of attrition, outlines typical comparisons of analytical interest, and statistical techniques used to handle missing data. Implications for clinical practice in pediatric weight management are discussed. Clinical Trial Registration: Not applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas D Spence
- Department of Sociology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Interdisciplinary Center for Health and Society, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Joseph A Skelton
- Department of Pediatrics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, United States; Brenner FIT (Families in Training) Program, Brenner Children's Hospital, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, United States; Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Geoff D C Ball
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Pediatric Centre for Weight & Health, Stollery Children's Hospital, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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Wu V, Abo-Sido N, Espinola JA, Tierney CN, Tedesco KT, Sullivan AF, Camargo CA. Predictors of successful telephone follow-up in a multicenter study of infants with severe bronchiolitis. Ann Epidemiol 2017. [PMID: 28645568 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2017.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify the characteristics that predict successful telephone follow-up with parents of infants with severe bronchiolitis. METHODS We analyzed data from a 17-center, prospective cohort study of infants (age <1 year) hospitalized with bronchiolitis during three consecutive fall/winter seasons. Participant contact information and clinical data were collected during the index hospitalization. Parents were called at 6-month intervals (based on the child's age) after discharge to assess respiratory problems. The primary outcome was age 12-month telephone interview status. Participants were classified as unreachable after 28 days of unsuccessful attempts. RESULTS 798 of 916 children (87%) completed the age 12-month telephone interview. In unadjusted analyses, factors associated with successful follow-up included: private health insurance, annual household income $60,000 or more, and residing in the Northeast, Midwest, or West. Follow-up was less common among non-Hispanic blacks, Hispanics, and households with 3 or more children. In multivariable analyses, follow-up was more likely among parents of females, and, compared with the South, in the Northeast and Midwest (all P < .05). Compared with non-Hispanic whites, non-Hispanic blacks and Hispanics remained less likely to complete the interview as did households with 3 or more children (all P < .05). CONCLUSION Sociodemographic and geographic factors predict successful telephone follow-up, even among parents of infants with severe illness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Janice A Espinola
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Courtney N Tierney
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | | | - Ashley F Sullivan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Carlos A Camargo
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.
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Robinson L, Adair P, Coffey M, Harris R, Burnside G. Identifying the participant characteristics that predict recruitment and retention of participants to randomised controlled trials involving children: a systematic review. Trials 2016; 17:294. [PMID: 27334018 PMCID: PMC4918126 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-016-1415-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) are recommended as the ‘gold standard’ in evaluating health care interventions. The conduct of RCTs is often impacted by difficulties surrounding recruitment and retention of participants in both adult and child populations. Factors influencing recruitment and retention of children to RCTs can be more complex than in adults. There is little synthesised evidence of what influences participation in research involving parents and children. Aim To identify predictors of recruitment and retention in RCTs involving children. Methods A systematic review of RCTs was conducted to synthesise the available evidence. An electronic search strategy was applied to four databases and restricted to English language publications. Quantitative studies reporting participant predictors of recruitment and retention in RCTs involving children aged 0–12 were identified. Data was extracted and synthesised narratively. Quality assessment of articles was conducted using a structured tool developed from two existing quality evaluation checklists. Results Twenty-eight studies were included in the review. Of the 154 participant factors reported, 66 were found to be significant predictors of recruitment and retention in at least one study. These were classified as parent, child, family and neighbourhood characteristics. Parent characteristics (e.g. ethnicity, age, education, socioeconomic status (SES)) were the most commonly reported predictors of participation for both recruitment and retention. Being young, less educated, of an ethnic minority and having low SES appear to be barriers to participation in RCTs although there was little agreement between studies. When analysed according to setting and severity of the child’s illness there appeared to be little variation between groups. The quality of the studies varied. Articles adhered well to reporting guidelines around provision of a scientific rationale for the study and background information as well as displaying good internal consistency of results. However, few studies discussed the external validity of the results or provided recommendations for future research. Conclusion Parent characteristics may predict participation of children and their families to RCTs; however, there was a lack of consensus. Whilst sociodemographic variables may be useful in identifying which groups are least likely to participate they do not provide insight into the processes and barriers to participation for children and families. Further studies that explore variables that can be influenced are warranted. Reporting of studies in this field need greater clarity as well as agreed definitions of what is meant by retention. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13063-016-1415-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Robinson
- Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Block F Waterhouse Building, 1-5 Brownlow Street, Liverpool, L69 3GL, UK. .,R&D Department, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Summerfield House, Stott Lane, Salford, M6 8HD, UK.
| | - Pauline Adair
- Health Psychology and Behavioural Medicine Research Group, School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, 40 George Street, Glasgow, G1 1QE, UK
| | - Margaret Coffey
- School of Health Sciences, University of Salford, Allerton Building, Frederick Road Campus, Salford, M6 6PU, UK
| | - Rebecca Harris
- Department of Health Services Research, Institute of Psychology Health and Society, University of Liverpool, Waterhouse Building, Liverpool, 1-5 Brownlow Street, Liverpool, L69 3GL, UK
| | - Girvan Burnside
- Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Block F Waterhouse Building, 1-5 Brownlow Street, Liverpool, L69 3GL, UK
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Factors influencing attrition in a multisite, randomized, clinical trial following traumatic brain injury in adolescence. J Head Trauma Rehabil 2016; 30:E33-40. [PMID: 24842589 DOI: 10.1097/htr.0000000000000059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attrition in longitudinal research negatively affects statistical power, disrupts statistical stability, and can produce unwanted bias. OBJECTIVE To investigate factors associated with shorter length of study participation and lower rates of study completion (ie, attrition) in a large, multisite, longitudinal, randomized, clinical trial examining the efficacy of a Web-based family problem-solving treatment following traumatic brain injury (TBI) in adolescence. SETTING Five major trauma centers in the central and western regions of the United States. PARTICIPANTS Children (N = 132) aged 12 to 17 years hospitalized for complicated mild to severe TBI within the previous 6 months. RESULTS Completers had a higher primary caregiver education and higher family income than noncompleters, whereas ethnicity, latency to baseline assessment, and intervention group were not significantly associated with study completion. CONCLUSION This is the first study that has specifically examined factors of attrition in a pediatric TBI population. The results suggest that research on pediatric TBI populations may be biased toward higher-income families and highlights the importance of designing studies with increased awareness of the impact of participant demographic factors.
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Speck AL, Hess M, Baptist AP. An Electronic Asthma Self-Management Intervention for Young African American Adults. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2015; 4:89-95.e2. [PMID: 26441151 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2015.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health disparities are seen in many chronic conditions including asthma. Young African American adults represent a population at high risk for poor asthma outcomes due to both their minority status and the difficult transition from adolescence to adulthood. Recruitment and retention has been challenging in this demographic stratum, and traditional asthma education is often not feasible. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to develop and assess the feasibility of an electronic asthma self-management program for young African American adults. METHODS A total of 44 African American adults (age 18-30 years) with uncontrolled persistent asthma were enrolled in an asthma self-management program. The 6-week Breathe Michigan program (predicated on the social cognitive theory) was tailored specifically to the concerns and preferences of young African American adults. The entire program was completed electronically, without any specialized human support. At 2 weeks and 3 months after program completion, participants were contacted for follow-up. RESULTS A total of 89% of enrolled subjects completed the 6-week intervention, and 77% were available for evaluation at 3 months. All subjects completing the 2-week postprogram survey reported that the program was helpful, and 97% would recommend it to others. Asthma control as measured by the Asthma Control Test improved from 16.1 to 19.3 (P < .01), and asthma quality of life as measured by the Mini Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire improved from 4.0 to 5.1 (P < .01). CONCLUSIONS The Breathe Michigan program is feasible for recruitment and retention, and demonstrated an improvement in asthma control and quality of life for young African American adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimee L Speck
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich
| | - Michael Hess
- School of Information, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich
| | - Alan P Baptist
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich; Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich.
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8
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Davies K, Kingston A, Robinson L, Hughes J, Hunt JM, Barker SAH, Edwards J, Collerton J, Jagger C, Kirkwood TBL. Improving retention of very old participants in longitudinal research: experiences from the Newcastle 85+ study. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108370. [PMID: 25302500 PMCID: PMC4193743 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background People aged 85 and over are often excluded from research on the grounds of being difficult to recruit and problematic to retain. The Newcastle 85+ study successfully recruited a cohort of 854 85-year-olds to detailed health assessment at baseline and followed them up over 3 phases spanning 5 years. This paper describes the effectiveness of its retention strategies. Methods Primary retention strategies involved meticulous management of contact information and active maintenance of contact with participants between research visits and between phases of the study. For statistical analysis, data on post-inclusion attrition over the 3 follow-up phases was separated into ‘death’ and ‘withdrawal’ categories, with sub-categories ‘health’ and ‘non-health’ reasons created for ‘withdrawal’. Multinomial logistic regression was used to determine if particular socio-demographic and health characteristics were associated with post-inclusion attrition due to withdrawal at each of the 3 phase-to-phase transition points. Results For both sexes, at successive follow-up phases there was a decrease in attrition due to withdrawal and an increase due to death. Withdrawal was most prevalent between baseline and phase 2. Across the 5 years of the study total post-inclusion (post-baseline) attrition due to death accounted for a 40% (344/854) loss to cohort and total post-inclusion attrition due to withdraw a 19% (166/854) loss to cohort, with health reasons for withdrawal becoming more dominant over time. Adjusting for sex, parsimonious modelling showed only occupational class (National Statistics Socio-economic Classification) to be associated with withdrawal and only between baseline and phase 2 (routine/manual compared to managerial (OR 3.41; 95% CI [1.23 to 9.44]). Conclusion Following successful recruitment, we retained a high proportion of participants from a very old age group over 5 years of longitudinal research. No strong predictors of post-inclusion attrition due to withdrawal were found, suggesting the general effectiveness of our retention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Davies
- Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Andrew Kingston
- Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Louise Robinson
- Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Joan Hughes
- Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Judith M. Hunt
- Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Sally A. H. Barker
- Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - June Edwards
- Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna Collerton
- Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Carol Jagger
- Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas B. L. Kirkwood
- Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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Halbert CH, Bellamy S, Briggs V, Bowman M, Delmoor E, Johnson JC, Kumanyika S, Melvin C, Purnell J, Rogers R, Weathers B. Intervention completion rates among African Americans in a randomized effectiveness trial for diet and physical activity changes. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2014; 23:1306-13. [PMID: 24755713 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-13-1064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The intervention completion rate is an important metric in behavioral and intervention research; trials with limited intervention completion rates may have reduced internal validity. We examined intervention completion rates among 530 African Americans who had been randomized to an integrated (INT) or disease-specific (DSE) risk education protocol as part of a comparative effectiveness trial from September 2009 to August 2012. METHODS The interventions were developed by an academic-community partnership using community-based participatory research. Intervention completion rates were determined based on attendance at all four intervention sessions. Intervention completers were participants who completed all four sessions and noncompleters were those who did not complete any session or only completed one to three sessions following randomization. RESULTS Seventy-three percent of participants were intervention completers and 27% were noncompleters. There were no differences in intervention completion based on randomization to INT (72%) or DSE (75%), sociodemographic factors, or body mass index (BMI) in the total sample. Different factors were associated significantly with intervention completion within study groups. Among participants randomized to INT, the odds of intervention completion were greater with higher levels of intrinsic motivation, less exposure to information about diet and cardiovascular disease, and greater BMI. Among participants randomized to DSE, the odds of completing the intervention were associated significantly with older age and greater dietary self-efficacy. CONCLUSIONS Many African Americans are likely to complete risk education interventions. IMPACT Psychologic characteristics should be considered when determining intervention completion rates following randomization in behavioral and intervention trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanita Hughes Halbert
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Hollings Cancer Center;
| | - Scarlett Bellamy
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics
| | | | - Marjorie Bowman
- Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio
| | - Ernestine Delmoor
- National Black Leadership Initiative on Cancer, Philadelphia Chapter
| | | | - Shiriki Kumanyika
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics
| | - Cathy Melvin
- Department of Public Health Sciences and Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | | | - Rodney Rogers
- Christ of Calvary Community Development Corporation, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
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Coutinho MT, Koinis-Mitchell D, Kopel SJ, Romero-Bosch L, Lobato D, McQuaid EL, Seifer R, Fritz GK, Canino G. Factors associated with recruitment and retention of diverse children with asthma. CHILDRENS HEALTH CARE 2014; 43:132-150. [PMID: 25013244 PMCID: PMC4084850 DOI: 10.1080/02739615.2013.837821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
This study examines factors associated with recruitment and retention of Latino, Dominican (DR) and mainland Puerto Rican (PR), and non-Latino white (NLW) families into a pediatric asthma study. Over eleven hundred (n=1185) families were screened, and 489 (n= 174 NLW, n= 160 DR, n= 155 PR) were enrolled. Rates of recruitment by source of recruitment and rates of retention differed by ethnic group. Families whose caregiver had never married had lower odds of completing the study. The findings highlight the need for further study to examine the effectiveness of specific recruitment and retention strategies with Latino and non-Latino white families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Coutinho
- Bradley/Hasbro Children's Research Center, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Daphne Koinis-Mitchell
- Bradley/Hasbro Children's Research Center, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Sheryl J Kopel
- Bradley/Hasbro Children's Research Center, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Lilia Romero-Bosch
- Bradley/Hasbro Children's Research Center, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Debra Lobato
- Bradley/Hasbro Children's Research Center, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Elizabeth L McQuaid
- Bradley/Hasbro Children's Research Center, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Ronald Seifer
- Bradley/Hasbro Children's Research Center, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Gregory K Fritz
- Bradley/Hasbro Children's Research Center, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Glorisa Canino
- Behavioral Sciences Research Institute, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
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Jensen CD, Aylward BS, Steele RG. Predictors of attendance in a practical clinical trial of two pediatric weight management interventions. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2012; 20:2250-6. [PMID: 22513495 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2012.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate demographic and psychosocial predictors of attendance in a family-based behavioral weight management clinical trial. Ninety-three children and adolescents aged 7-17 (Mean age = 11.59, s.d. = 2.6) who were either overweight or obese (Mean BMI percentile = 98.2) and their parents received either a 10-session behavioral treatment or a three-session brief family intervention in the context of a randomized clinical trial (10). Psychosocial and anthropometric measures were obtained before enrollment and at the end of 10 weeks for both treatment groups. Univariate linear regression and hierarchical multiple regression analyses were used to identify predictors of attendance to treatment from an a priori set of hypothesized predictors. Three variables demonstrated significant associations with the dependent variable, percent of treatment sessions attended. Specifically, distance from participant's home to treatment site, lower gross family income, and youth self-report of depressive symptoms were each associated with lower percent attendance (all Ps < 0.05). These results corroborate (i.e., income, depressive symptoms) and expand (i.e., distance from treatment site) previous reports in the literature of potential barriers to effective treatment for pediatric obesity, and suggest the need for research on treatment delivery methods that could increase participation among low-income families (e.g., eHealth, mHealth options). Depressive symptoms could represent an additional barrier to treatment attendance, suggesting that assessment and treatment for these symptoms may be appropriate before commencing weight management treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad D Jensen
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA.
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Baxter J, Vehik K, Johnson SB, Lernmark B, Roth R, Simell T. Differences in recruitment and early retention among ethnic minority participants in a large pediatric cohort: the TEDDY Study. Contemp Clin Trials 2012; 33:633-40. [PMID: 22484339 PMCID: PMC3686560 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2012.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Revised: 03/06/2012] [Accepted: 03/20/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The TEDDY Study is an international, multi-center prospective study designed to identify the environmental triggers of type 1 diabetes (T1D) in genetically at-risk children. This report investigates ethnic minority (EM) differences in patterns of enrollment and retention in the US centers. METHODS As of June 2009, 267,739 newborns had been screened at birth for high risk T1D genotypes. Data collected at the time of screening, enrollment and at the baseline visit were used. Descriptive and multiple-logistic regression analyses assessed differences between EM groups regarding exclusion, enrollment and early withdrawal. RESULTS Of the 10,975 eligible subjects, 6,912 (67%) were invited to participate. EM subjects were more likely to be excluded because of an inability to contact. Of those invited 3,265 (47%) enrolled by the age of 4.5 months. Adjusted analyses showed that except for those classified as other EM, the odds of enrolling were similar across groups. EM subjects had elevated early withdrawal rates. Adjusted models demonstrated that this was significantly more likely among Hispanic subjects. CONCLUSION Understanding patterns associated with EM participation in research extends our ability to make more accurate inferences and permits assessment of strategies that promote inclusion of EM to better address health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Baxter
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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13
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Participation and Attrition in a Coping Skills Intervention for Adolescent Girls with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Clin Psychol Med Settings 2011; 19:188-96. [DOI: 10.1007/s10880-011-9269-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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14
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Dunn TL, Casey LM, Sheffield J, Newcombe P, Chang AB. Dropout from computer-based interventions for children and adolescents with chronic health conditions. J Health Psychol 2011; 17:429-42. [PMID: 21890540 DOI: 10.1177/1359105311415558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dropout is a frequent problem in face-to-face psychological interventions. However, little is known regarding dropout in computer-based interventions (CBIs). It is important to understand the extent to which children and adolescents drop out of CBIs, so we can ensure that more people complete the programmes to gain maximum benefit. A systematic review of current research on dropout from CBIs identified 15 studies. Dropout rate ranged from 0 per cent to 54 per cent with a median of 15 per cent. There is a need for more rigorous investigation of the extent of, and reasons for, dropout from CBIs with children and adolescents with chronic health conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara L Dunn
- School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia.
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15
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Johnson SB, Lee HS, Baxter J, Lernmark B, Roth R, Simell T. The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study: predictors of early study withdrawal among participants with no family history of type 1 diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes 2011; 12:165-71. [PMID: 21029290 PMCID: PMC3032020 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-5448.2010.00686.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study seeks to identify environmental triggers of autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in children at increased human-leukocyte-antigen conferred genetic risk for this disease. The objective of this study was to identify predictors of early withdrawal from TEDDY among families with no immediate family history of T1DM. METHOD Logistic multiple regression was used to discriminate 2994 (83%) families currently active in the TEDDY study for ≥1 yr from 763 (17%) families who withdrew in the first year. Data collected on the screening form at the time of the child's birth and from interview and questionnaire data obtained at the baby's first study visit (at ≤4.5 months of age) were used. RESULTS Significant and independent predictors of early withdrawal included country of residence, young maternal age, no father participation, and female gender of the study participant. Mothers of children who withdrew were more likely to report smoking during pregnancy, abstaining from alcohol, and reducing their work hours or not working at all during pregnancy. Mothers who withdrew were also more likely to underestimate their child's risk for T1DM and fail to respond to multiple items on the enrollment questionnaires or interview. Among mothers with accurate risk perceptions, those experiencing high anxiety about their child's risk were more likely to be early withdrawals. CONCLUSIONS Identifying families at high risk for study withdrawal at the time of enrollment allows for targeting these families with individually tailored plans to help maintain their participation in the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Bennett Johnson
- Department of Medical Humanities and Social Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4300, USA.
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16
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Conn VS, Algase DL, Rawl SM, Zerwic JJ, Wyman JF. Publishing pilot intervention work. West J Nurs Res 2010; 32:994-1010. [PMID: 20702685 DOI: 10.1177/0193945910367229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pilot intervention studies can be viewed as rehearsals for subsequent full-scale trials. They can help investigators fine-tune later larger studies as well as explore issues related to project management and budget. Pilot studies permit testing of sampling strategies, participant recruitment, intervention content, delivery methods, data collection, and analysis. They also allow researchers to experience the more practical aspects of implementing a study, such as determining the number of study staff members needed to handle recruitment and data collection or identifying special equipment needs. Because pilot study findings may be generalizable, publication is encouraged as long as the preliminary nature of the work is clearly indicated in both the abstract and the article. The present article provides an overview of the types of information that can be gleaned from pilot intervention studies that are suitable for publication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicki S Conn
- School of Nursing, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
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Rohan J, Drotar D, McNally K, Schluchter M, Riekert K, Vavrek P, Schmidt A, Redline S, Kercsmar C. Adherence to pediatric asthma treatment in economically disadvantaged African-American children and adolescents: an application of growth curve analysis. J Pediatr Psychol 2010; 35:394-404. [PMID: 19710251 PMCID: PMC2858436 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsp074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2009] [Revised: 07/18/2009] [Accepted: 07/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The primary aims of the study were to: (a) describe the trajectories of adherence to daily inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) medication for a year in economically disadvantaged, African-American youth with asthma based on growth curve modeling; and (b) test the relationship of treatment adherence to symptom control, quick-relief medication, and healthcare utilization. METHODS This prospective study measured adherence to daily ICS treatment using electronic monitoring in 92 children and adolescents with moderate to severe asthma for 9-12 months and assessed clinical outcomes, including asthma-related symptoms, quick-relief medication, and healthcare utilization. RESULTS Youth showed a decrement in treatment adherence to less than half of prescribed corticosteroid treatment over the course of the study, which related to increased healthcare utilization (p < .04), but not to asthma symptoms or albuterol use. CONCLUSION Economically disadvantaged youth with asthma demonstrate high rates of chronic nonadherence that warrant identification and intervention to reduce asthma-related healthcare utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Rohan
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave MLC 7039, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
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18
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McNally KA, Rohan J, Schluchter M, Riekert KA, Vavrek P, Schmidt A, Redline S, Kercsmar C, Drotar D. Adherence to combined montelukast and fluticasone treatment in economically disadvantaged african american youth with asthma. J Asthma 2009; 46:921-7. [PMID: 19905919 DOI: 10.3109/02770900903229651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
High rates of asthma treatment nonadherence have been reported, particularly in economically disadvantaged African American youth. The relationship between adherence to combined medication treatment and asthma outcomes has potential clinical significance but is not well understood. Using electronic monitoring, we describe the pattern of adherence to daily corticosteroid (fluticasone) and leukotriene receptor antagonist (montelukast) medication over the course of 1 year in a population of African American youth with moderate to severe asthma. On average, adherence to montelukast was higher than adherence to fluticasone (p < 0.01); however, for both medications, adherence rates significantly declined over the course of the study. After 1 year, participants took only 31% of prescribed doses of montelukast and 23% of prescribed doses of fluticasone. The decline in adherence to both fluticasone (p < 0.05) and montelukast (p < 0.001) was related to increased healthcare utilization. Furthermore, asthma symptom ratings were related montelukast (p < 0.001), but not fluticasone adherence. These results suggest that adherence promotion intervention strategies are warranted to improve health-related outcomes in families who are at-risk for treatment nonadherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A McNally
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
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19
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Klosky JL, Tyc VL, Lawford J, Ashford J, Lensing S, Buscemi J. Predictors of non-participation in a randomized intervention trial to reduce environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure in pediatric cancer patients. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009; 52:644-9. [PMID: 19156856 PMCID: PMC2733242 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.21946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is associated with the development of serious health consequences in children with cancer due to preexisting disease and treatment-related vulnerabilities. The purpose of the current investigation was to identify predictors of non-participation in a randomized intervention trial to reduce ETS exposure among pediatric cancer patients. METHODS One hundred fifty-three families of pediatric cancer patients met study eligibility criteria. Parents of 117 (76%) patients agreed to study participation, whereas 36 (24%) parents declined (non-participants). Data were collected with respect to participant sociodemographic, medical, and treatment-related characteristics. RESULTS Univariate analyses indicated that families whose primary caregivers were females or smokers were more likely to be non-participants in the ETS reduction trial (P = 0.045 and P = 0.009, respectively). Medical features that significantly associated with study non-participation included CNS tumor diagnosis (P = 0.030), no history of chemotherapy (P = 0.012), history of surgery prior to study recruitment (P = 0.036), and having future radiation therapy planned post study recruitment (P = 0.009). Multivariable logistic regression modeling revealed that study non-participation was associated with the primary caregiver being a smoker (OR = 6.48, P = 0.002) or female (OR = 8.56, P = 0.023), and patient CNS tumor diagnosis (OR = 4.63, P = 0.021). CONCLUSIONS Although a large percentage of eligible participants enrolled in the ETS reduction trial, findings suggest that future recruitment strategies of families should be tailored to parental smoking status and gender, as well as child diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L Klosky
- Division of Behavioral Medicine, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105-2794, USA.
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Boyd M, Lasserson TJ, McKean MC, Gibson PG, Ducharme FM, Haby M. Interventions for educating children who are at risk of asthma-related emergency department attendance. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2009; 2009:CD001290. [PMID: 19370563 PMCID: PMC7079713 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd001290.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is the most common chronic childhood illness and is a leading cause for paediatric admission to hospital. Asthma management for children results in substantial costs. There is evidence to suggest that hospital admissions could be reduced with effective education for parents and children about asthma and its management. OBJECTIVES To conduct a systematic review of the literature and update the previous review as to whether asthma education leads to improved health outcomes in children who have attended the emergency room for asthma. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched the Cochrane Airways Group Trials Register, including the MEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL databases, and reference lists of trials and review articles (last search May 2008). SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials of asthma education for children who had attended the emergency department for asthma, with or without hospitalisation, within the previous 12 months. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two authors independently assessed trial quality and extracted data. We contacted study authors for additional information. We pooled dichotomous data with a fixed-effect risk ratio. We used a random-effects risk ratio for sensitivity analysis of heterogenous data. MAIN RESULTS A total of 38 studies involving 7843 children were included. Following educational intervention delivered to children, their parents or both, there was a significantly reduced risk of subsequent emergency department visits (RR 0.73, 95% CI 0.65 to 0.81, N = 3008) and hospital admissions (RR 0.79, 95% CI 0.69 to 0.92, N = 4019) compared with control. There were also fewer unscheduled doctor visits (RR 0.68, 95% CI 0.57 to 0.81, N = 1009). Very few data were available for other outcomes (FEV1, PEF, rescue medication use, quality of life or symptoms) and there was no statistically significant difference between education and control. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Asthma education aimed at children and their carers who present to the emergency department for acute exacerbations can result in lower risk of future emergency department presentation and hospital admission. There remains uncertainty as to the long-term effect of education on other markers of asthma morbidity such as quality of life, symptoms and lung function. It remains unclear as to what type, duration and intensity of educational packages are the most effective in reducing acute care utilisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Boyd
- Royal Children's Hospital , Herston Road, Herston , Queensland , Australia, 4029.
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21
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Predictors of study completion and withdrawal in a randomized clinical trial of a pediatric diabetes adherence intervention. Contemp Clin Trials 2009; 30:212-20. [PMID: 19470311 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2009.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2008] [Revised: 01/17/2009] [Accepted: 01/20/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Loss of participants in randomized clinical trials threatens the validity of study findings. The purpose of this study was to determine pre-randomization predictors of study completion status throughout the course of a randomized clinical trial involving young children with type 1 diabetes and their primary caregivers. METHODS An intervention to improve adherence to the diabetes treatment regimen was delivered as part of the child's regular 3-month diabetes clinic visit. The study protocol involved 7 clinic visits across 18 months for the Immediate Treatment group and 9 clinic visits across 24 months for the Delayed Treatment group. Among those who completed the study and regardless of treatment group, participants were categorized into two groups: On-Time Completers (n=41) and Late Completers (n=39). Demographic, disease, and psychosocial characteristics of children and their primary caregivers measured prior to study randomization were tested for their association with the participants' completion status (i.e., On-Time Completers, Late Completers, or Withdrawals). RESULTS Of the 108 participants, 28 (25.9%) withdrew and 80 (74.1%) completed the study. On-Time Completers (i.e., study completed within 4 months of expected date) were more likely to have private insurance and primary caregivers with some college education. Late Completers (i.e., study completion took longer than 4 months) were more likely to be boys and to have primary caregivers who reported mild to moderate levels of depression. Children who subsequently withdrew from the study reported poorer diabetes-related quality of life and poorer school-related quality of life at study inception and were more likely to have primary caregivers who did not work outside the home. CONCLUSIONS Pre-randomization screening of participants on both demographic and psychological variables may help identify those at greatest risk for study withdrawal or poor study protocol adherence, permitting the investigators to develop retention strategies aimed at this high-risk group.
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Karlson CW, Rapoff MA. Attrition in randomized controlled trials for pediatric chronic conditions. J Pediatr Psychol 2008; 34:782-93. [PMID: 19064607 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsn122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine attrition variables in randomized controlled trials of cognitive behavioral interventions for children with chronic illnesses. METHODS We examined attrition rates reported on 40 randomized cognitive behavioral interventions published in six pediatric research journals, during the years 2002-2007. Intervention focus was limited to children with a chronic medical condition, such as asthma, obesity, arthritis, diabetes, cancer, sickle cell disease, and cystic fibrosis. RESULTS Mean rate of enrollment refusal was 37% (range 0-75%). Mean attrition rate was 20% (range 0-54%) for initial follow-up and 32% (range 0-59%) for extended follow-up. Of the reviewed articles, 40% included a CONSORT diagram. CONCLUSIONS Strategies that can be used to limit attrition include tailoring recruitment to the study population, providing personalized feedback, maintaining consistent study procedures, providing incentives, and using intensive tracking measures. There is a need for standardized definitions and reporting of attrition rates in randomized cognitive behavioral intervention studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia W Karlson
- Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA.
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Radecki L, Olson LM, Frintner MP, Weiss KB. Reliability and Validity of the Children’s Health Survey for Asthma–Child Version. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1089/pai.2008.0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Drotar D. Editorial: How to Report Methods in the Journal of Pediatric Psychology. J Pediatr Psychol 2008; 34:227-30. [DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsp002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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25
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Brown RT. Journal of Pediatric Psychology (JPP), 2003–2007: Editor's Vale Dictum. J Pediatr Psychol 2007; 32:1165-78. [DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsm111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Crom DB, Tyc VL, Rai SN, Deng X, Hudson MM, Booth A, Rodrigues LN, Zhang L, McCammon E, Kaste SC. Retention of survivors of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in a longitudinal study of bone mineral density. J Child Health Care 2006; 10:337-50. [PMID: 17101625 DOI: 10.1177/1367493506067886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Attrition in longitudinal studies of survivors of childhood cancer reduces these studies' statistical power, introduces bias and threatens internal and external validity. This study investigated the variables associated with dropout of survivors of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in a trial investigating the effect of vitamin D and calcium supplementation and nutritional counseling on bone mineral density (BMD). Twenty-five participants withdrew from the study. Common reasons given for withdrawing were intolerance of the study drug, family hardship and schedule conflicts. Few statistically and clinically significant differences identified participants who completed the study. Nurses need to be aware of the reasons that participants withdraw from clinical trials, as they are in a strategic position to encourage patients to participate in health promotion studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah B Crom
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105-2794, USA.
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Walders N, Kercsmar C, Schluchter M, Redline S, Kirchner HL, Drotar D. An interdisciplinary intervention for undertreated pediatric asthma. Chest 2006; 129:292-299. [PMID: 16478844 DOI: 10.1378/chest.129.2.292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES To examine the effectiveness of an interdisciplinary intervention for pediatric asthma. DESIGN Randomized, controlled study. SETTING Urban tertiary-referral pediatric hospital. PARTICIPANTS One hundred seventy-five patients with asthma lacking written treatment plans and presenting with asthma-related emergency department visits (two or more) and/or hospitalizations (one or more) in the past year were randomized to a comparison group receiving medical care alone (n = 86) or to an interdisciplinary intervention group receiving medical care, asthma education, and problem-solving therapy (n = 89) INTERVENTION All participants received written asthma management plans, peak flow meters, and spacer devices. The intervention group also received asthma education, an asthma risk profile assessment, brief problem-solving therapy, and access to a 24-h nurse advice line. The primary outcome measure was change in asthma symptoms, and secondary outcomes included health-care utilization and asthma-related quality of life. RESULTS Both groups demonstrated significant reductions in asthma symptoms and improvements in quality of life without any between-group differences identified over the course of follow-up. In contrast, the intervention group demonstrated less frequent health-care utilization than the comparison group, with 28% of the intervention group requiring emergency department or inpatient services for asthma compared to 41% of the comparison group (adjusted odds ratio, 1.92; 95% confidence interval, 1.00 to 3.69) over the 12-month follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS This study examined the effectiveness of an interdisciplinary intervention for undertreated asthma. The intervention did not result in improvements in asthma symptoms, but accomplished modest reductions in the utilization of acute medical care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Dennis Drotar
- Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH
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Drotar D. Commentary: revising behavioral family systems therapy to enhance treatment adherence and metabolic control in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. J Pediatr Psychol 2006; 31:939-44. [PMID: 16510771 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsj105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Drotar
- Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case western Reserve University School of Medicine, USA.
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Drotar D, Schwartz L. Commentary: Warner, L.J., Lumley, M.A., Casey, R.J., Pierantoni, W., Salazar, R., Zoratt, E.M., Enberg, R., and Simon, M.R.--health effects of written emotional disclosure in adolescents with asthma: a randomized controlled trial. J Pediatr Psychol 2005; 31:569-73. [PMID: 16162840 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsj080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Drotar
- Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, USA.
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Degotardi PJ, Klass ES, Rosenberg BS, Fox DG, Gallelli KA, Gottlieb BS. Development and evaluation of a cognitive-behavioral intervention for juvenile fibromyalgia. J Pediatr Psychol 2005; 31:714-23. [PMID: 16120766 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsj064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the development and test the efficacy of a cognitive-behavioral intervention (CBT) for juvenile fibromyalgia. METHOD Sixty-seven children with fibromyalgia and their parents were recruited to participate in an 8-week intervention that included modules of pain management, psychoeducation, sleep hygiene, and activities of daily living. Children were taught techniques of cognitive restructuring, thought stopping, distraction, relaxation, and self-reward. Additionally, they kept daily pain and sleep diaries. Children completed questionnaires of pre- and post-treatment measuring physical status and psychological functioning. RESULTS Following CBT, children reported significant reductions (p < .006) in pain, somatic symptoms, anxiety, and fatigue, as well as improvements in sleep quality. Additionally, children reported improved functional ability and had fewer school absences. CONCLUSION Children with fibromyalgia can be taught CBT strategies that help them effectively manage this chronic and disabling musculoskeletal pain disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela J Degotardi
- Schneider Children's Hospital, and Honors Center, CUNY Honors College at Queens College, Room 133, 65-30 Kissena Boulevard, Flushing, NY 11367-1597, USA.
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