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Ksinan AJ, Dalecká A, Kukla L, Pikhart H, Bobák M. Early-Life Temperamental Differences as Longitudinal Predictors of Unintentional Injuries. J Pediatr Psychol 2024; 49:35-44. [PMID: 37847645 PMCID: PMC10799721 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsad072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Unintentional injuries are the leading cause of hospitalization and death among children. Compared to environmental factors, less attention in injury preventive efforts has been paid to how individual characteristics relate to the risk of injury. Using a large prospective cohort, the current study assessed the longitudinal impact of early-life temperament on the cumulative number of injuries until mid-adolescence. METHODS The data came from the European Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood (ELSPAC-CZ). Temperament was evaluated by mothers when children were 3 years old (N = 3,545). The main outcome was the pediatrician-reported sum of child's injuries from age 3 to 15 (seven timepoints). Latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to determine classes based on temperamental dimensions and then extended to a mixture model with a distal count outcome. The covariates included maternal conflict and attachment, sex, family structure, and maternal education. RESULTS The LPA determined the existence of three classes: shy children (8.1% of the sample; lowest activity/highest shyness), outgoing children (50.8%; highest activity/lowest shyness), and average: children (41.1%; middle values). Results from a mixture model showed that the outgoing temperament was associated with the highest longitudinal risk for injuries, as both average children (IRR = 0.89 [0.80, 0.99]), and the shy children (IRR = 0.80 [0.68, 0.95]) had lower risk. CONCLUSIONS Early childhood temperamental differences can have long-term effects on injury risk. Highly active children showed the highest risk for future injuries, suggesting that these characteristics make them more likely to be involved in novel and potentially dangerous situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert J Ksinan
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Dalecká
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Czech Republic
| | - Lubomír Kukla
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Czech Republic
| | - Hynek Pikhart
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Czech Republic
- Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University College London, Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, UK
| | - Martin Bobák
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Czech Republic
- Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University College London, Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, UK
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2
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Xiao W, Cheng P, Hua J, Schwebel DC, Hu G. Product-related injury morbidity among Americans aged 0-19 years, 2001-2020. JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH 2023; 85:192-199. [PMID: 37330869 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2023.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study examined changes in product-related injury morbidity among under-20 Americans between 2001 and 2020. METHOD Product-related injury morbidity data came from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS). Using age-standardized morbidity rates, the authors performed Joinpoint regression models to identify time periods with significant changes between 2001 and 2020 and quantified the annual magnitude of morbidity changes with annual percent changes (APCs) in rates and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS Age-standardized product-related injury morbidity declined consistently among under-20 Americans from 2001 to 2020 (from 7449.3 to 4023.5 per 100,000 persons; APC = -1.5 %, 95 % CI: -2.3 %, -0.7 %), with the most striking morbidity drop in 2019-2020 (-1576.8 per 100,000 persons). Sports and recreation equipment and home were the most common product and location, respectively, for nonfatal pediatric product-related injuries. Large morbidity differences and varying spectrum by product and by occurring location existed across sex and age groups. CONCLUSIONS Product-related injury morbidity declined significantly among under-20 Americans between 2001 and 2020, but large variations remained across sex and age groups. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Further research is recommended to understand causal factors contributing to the observed decrease in product-related injury morbidity over the past 20 years and to understand product-related injury morbidity disparities across sex and age groups. Understanding of causal factors could lead to implementation of additional interventions to reduce product-related injury among children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangxin Xiao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Peixia Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Junjie Hua
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - David C Schwebel
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.
| | - Guoqing Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Xiangya Hospital), Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
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3
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Bosshart N, Bearth A, Wermelinger S, Daum M, Siegrist M. Seeing household chemicals through the eyes of children-Investigating influential factors of preschoolers' perception and behavior. JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH 2022; 83:400-409. [PMID: 36481033 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2022.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Children who encounter household chemicals run the risk of unintentional injury. The aim of this study was to understand which factors heighten children's attention or misguide their decision-making concerning household chemicals. We hypothesized that certain product attributes (i.e., label, packaging, closure types), storage context, and parental beliefs play a role in this setting. METHOD We conducted a laboratory study with N = 114 children (M = 45 months, SD = 6.5) and their parents (M = 38 years, SD = 4.92). Children completed a series of behavioral tasks in which they had to choose between products with different attributes, identify products in different storage contexts, and sort household chemicals. RESULTS The results confirmed that the children preferred products with cartoon-style labels compared to products without such labels. However, children's decision-making did not differ for products with different closure types (child-resistant vs sprayer-type closures). Regarding the storage context, our results showed that the children particularly struggled to identify dishwashing tabs when they were stored with other food items rather than household chemicals. In terms of parental beliefs, our study found that parents rated more household chemicals as child-safe than their children did. PRACTICAL APPLICATION Parents should buy household chemicals with neutral labels and pay attention to how their household chemicals are stored. Manufacturers should consider potential adverse effects when developing new product designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah Bosshart
- Consumer Behavior, Institute for Environmental Decisions (IED), ETH Zurich (ETHZ), Switzerland.
| | - Angela Bearth
- Consumer Behavior, Institute for Environmental Decisions (IED), ETH Zurich (ETHZ), Switzerland
| | - Stephanie Wermelinger
- Developmental Psychology: Infancy and Childhood, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich (UZH), Switzerland; Jacobs Center for Productive Youth Development, UZH, Switzerland
| | - Moritz Daum
- Developmental Psychology: Infancy and Childhood, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich (UZH), Switzerland; Jacobs Center for Productive Youth Development, UZH, Switzerland
| | - Michael Siegrist
- Consumer Behavior, Institute for Environmental Decisions (IED), ETH Zurich (ETHZ), Switzerland
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Ma Y, Song J, Hu M, Yang R, Yang P. Risk factors of in-home unintentional injuries among 0-6-year-old children in Changsha city of China: a cross-sectional survey based on Bronfenbrenner's ecological system theory. BMC Pediatr 2022; 22:598. [PMID: 36253748 PMCID: PMC9575220 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-022-03661-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In-home unintentional injuries (IUIs) seriously threatened children’s safety. Three factors, including risky behaviors, parental supervision, and home environmental risks, have been identified as major causes for IUIs. Studies considering the interrelations between the three were limited and no relative studies has been carried out among Chinese children. The purpose of this study is to fully explore the influences of behavioral, supervisory and environmental risk factors on IUIs and their associations among Chinese children on the bases of our self-developed scales. Methods Through stratified cluster sampling, a cross-sectional survey was conducted with 798 parents of children aged 0 ~ 6 years in Changsha, China. Social demographics and IUIs history in the past year were collected by self-administered questionnaires. Three IUI-related scales, which had been developed and validated by our team, aimed to measure risks from children behavior, parental supervision and in-home environment. Structural equation models were constructed to analyze the relationship of these factors and their influences on IUIs using SPSS 26.0 and AMOS 22.0. Results Seven hundred ninety-eight parents were surveyed in total, and 33.58% of them reported with IUIs history of their children. X2/df, goodness-of-fit index (GFI), adjusted goodness-of-fit index (AGFI) and the root-mean-square error of approximation (RMSEA) for the model of the whole children were 4.832, 0.879, 0.856 and 0.069 respectively, indicating an acceptable level of model fit. Direct influences were discovered between risky behaviors and children’s IUIs. Home environmental risks indirectly exerted impacts on IUIs by the mediating effect of risky behaviors, while the significant effect of parental supervision only existed in children aged 4-6 and girls. Conclusions Risky behaviors played a mediating role in IUIs among children. Supervision and environmental risks affected IUIs indirectly by the exposure to risky behaviors. Parental supervision may not be able to offset the risks posed by the environmental and behavioral factors, so effective IUIs prevention strategies should focus on behavioral and environmental interventions, with appropriate supervision strategies based on the age and sex characteristics of the child. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12887-022-03661-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihan Ma
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Rd., Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Juan Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Rd., Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Ming Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Rd., Changsha, 410078, China.
| | - Rusi Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Rd., Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Panzi Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Rd., Changsha, 410078, China
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Zhang L, Liu J, Tang Y, Wang L. The impact of children's temperament on recurrent unintentional injuries: the role of paternal parenting styles as a mediator. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14128. [PMID: 36248711 PMCID: PMC9559059 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Unintentional injuries (UIs) pose a threat to the health of children all over the world and are a major global health problem. The recurrence of UIs are influenced by the host itself or environmental factors. Children's temperament and paternal parenting styles (PPS) are important potential factors for poor health outcomes, including recurrent unintentional injuries (recurrent UIs). Therefore, exploring the relationship among these variables may help reduce the likelihood of recurrent UIs in children. Purpose To elucidate the mediating effect of PPS in the relationship of children's temperament characteristics and recurrent UIs among children. Methods By multistage random cluster sampling method, a total of 2,850 pupils in grades four and five from 10 different schools were included. The survey included the characteristics of UIs in the past year, parenting styles, and children's temperament. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to examine the possible mediating effect of PPS between children's temperament and recurrent UIs. Results In this study, the incidence rate of recurrent UIs was 3.8%. In temperament, children with recurrent UIs had higher mean scores than the non-recurrent UIs group (t = -3.40, -3.52, -3.45, respectively; p < 0.001) in the activity, predictability, persistence. Meanwhile, the scores of negative PPS (punishing, over-interference, rejection, and overprotection) were higher in the recurrent UIs group than in the non-recurrent UIs group (t = -5.78, -5.05, -5.56, and -3.29; p < 0.001, < 0.001, < 0.001, < 0.001, respectively). Using a stepwise binary logistic regression model, grade (OR = 0.23, 95% CI [0.12-0.41], p < 0.001), activity (OR = 1.61, 95% CI [1.14-2.26], p = 0.007) and over-interference (OR = 2.28, 95% CI [1.37-3.80], p = 0.002) had a significant independent relationship with recurrent UIs. The SEM results indicated that children's temperament was significantly related to negative PPS (β = 0.26, p < 0.001) and recurrent UIs (β = 0.11, p = 0.029). The results of the bootstrap test confirmed the significance of the mediating effect of PPS (β = 0.06, p < 0.001) between children's temperament and recurrent UIs. Conclusions These results suggest that negative PPS plays an important role in mediating children's temperament and recurrent UIs. It is essential to consider PPS when creating tailored intervention programs to reduce children's recurrent UIs.
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6
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Eagle SR, Kontos AP, Connaboy C. Association of impulsivity, physical development, and mental health to perceptual-motor control after concussion in adolescents. Eur J Sport Sci 2021; 22:1889-1897. [PMID: 34781850 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2021.2003869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
HIGHLIGHTS After SRC, adolescents had deficits in action boundary perception accuracy, while reporting higher depression symptoms and impulsivity, including attention and cognitive instability components.Certain domains of impulsivity were predictive of action boundary perception accuracy and each perception actualization measure in the concussed group.ADD/ADHD history, anxiety scores, and physical development ratings were also significant predictors of perceptual-motor accuracy and actualization time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn R Eagle
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UPMC Sports Medicine Concussion Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Anthony P Kontos
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UPMC Sports Medicine Concussion Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Chris Connaboy
- Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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7
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Cosottile M, Damashek A. Effects of Cell Phone Use on Caregiver Supervision and Child Injury Risk. J Pediatr Psychol 2021; 47:86-93. [PMID: 34343330 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsab080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Unintentional injuries are the leading killer of children in the United States. Caregiver supervision decreases child injury risk; however, little research has examined the effects of distractions (e.g., cell phone use) on caregiver supervision and subsequent ability to protect children from injury. In particular, despite the prevalence of cell phone use, no research has examined the degree to which caregiver cell phone use may impair caregivers' ability to supervise their children effectively. The present study used a within-subjects design to examine whether caregiver cell phone use impacted caregiver vigilance and child engagement with potential hazards. METHODS A total of 51 caregiver-child dyads were observed in a pseudo hazards room across three conditions (cell phone distraction, pen-and-paper distraction, no distraction) to examine the effects of cell phone use on caregiver vigilance and child behavior (i.e., engagement with hazards) related to injury risk. RESULTS Caregiver vigilance was higher in the no distraction condition compared to the two distraction conditions (cell phone and pen-and-paper). Moreover, child engagement with hazards was lower in the no distraction condition than in the two distraction conditions. Although both distraction conditions impaired caregiver vigilance, caregivers were more impaired in the pen-and-paper condition compared to the cell phone condition. DISCUSSION Regardless the form, distracting tasks (both cell phone use and pen-and-paper task) impacted both caregiver and child behavior associated with injury risk. It is important that professionals working with parents educate them about the risks of supervising children while distracted and encourage mindful supervision to ensure safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- McKenna Cosottile
- Department of Psychology, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
| | - Amy Damashek
- Department of Psychology, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
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8
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George A, G R, Shetty S. Effect of a Home Safety Supervisory Program on Occurrence of Childhood Injuries: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial. Indian Pediatr 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13312-021-2238-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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9
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O'Sullivan G, McGuire BE, Roche M, Caes L. Where do children learn about pain? The role of caregiver responses to preschoolers' pain experience within natural settings. Pain 2021; 162:1289-1294. [PMID: 33105437 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Grace O'Sullivan
- Centre for Pain Research, School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Brian E McGuire
- Centre for Pain Research, School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Michelle Roche
- Department of Physiology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Line Caes
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Scotland, United Kingdom
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Jovanovic N, Peek-Asa C, Zhang L, Cavanaugh JE, Pidro A, Alajbegovic-Halimic J. The Risk and Protective Factors for Pediatric Eye Injuries: A Case-Crossover Study. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2021; 28:479-487. [PMID: 33502942 DOI: 10.1080/09286586.2021.1877731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: To investigate state- and trait-like risk factors leading to childhood eye injuries controlling for the between-subject difference. This study measured socioeconomic, environmental, behavioral, and injury event characteristics to identify eye injury protective and risk factors.Methods: A retrospective case-crossover study including patients aged 0-18 years old (y.o.) with severe eye trauma treated at the Canton Hospital Zenica between 2011 and 2017 was conducted. One case time point was at the time of injury, and two control time points 1 month before the injury and a month before the survey.Results: Of 36 patients meeting the criteria, four were excluded, resulting in 32 cases and 64 controls. The mean age was 10.79 in males (77.8%) and 11 y.o. in females (22.2%). In univariate GEE logistic regression unusual activity had odds of 17.25 (95%CI = 6.97, 42.70), working/chores vs.running activity odds of 6.60 (95%CI = 1.71, 25.46), very active level vs.an intermediate child activity level odds of 5.26 (1/0.19, 95%CI = 1.75, 16.67) no supervision odds of 2.63 (1/0.38, 95%CI = 1.45, 4.76) and less than 7 hours of sleep odds of 4.69 (95%CI = 1.06, 20.77) of sustaining an eye injury. Using the quasi-likelihood approach and QICu as an indicator, the best model yielded odds of getting eye injured = 0.59 + 19.35*engaging in unusual activity+0.21*supervised by an adult person+0.84*playing+3.04*working within the households+0.22*other activity.Conclusions: Giving the best model to predict injuries, the combined strategies of teaching, modifying the environment, and the watchful supervision present a preventive triad that needs to be further explored and encouraged in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Jovanovic
- Ophthalmology Department, Canton Hospital Zenica, Zenica, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Corinne Peek-Asa
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Injury Prevention Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Joe E Cavanaugh
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Aida Pidro
- Ophthalmology Department, Canton Hospital Zenica, Zenica, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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Auger N, Low N, Lee GE, Ayoub A, Luu TM. Maternal stress and anxiety disorders and the longitudinal risk of fractures in children. Bone 2020; 130:115143. [PMID: 31706049 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.115143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal stress and anxiety are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, but the association with future childhood injuries is unclear, especially risk of orthopedic fractures. METHODS We conducted a longitudinal study of 773,339 newborns in Quebec, Canada between 2006 and 2018. We identified women with stress or anxiety disorders before or after delivery, and computed the incidence of future operative fractures in offspring. We estimated hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association of maternal stress and anxiety disorders with the risk of pediatric fractures, adjusted for maternal and infant characteristics. RESULTS Incidence of any fracture was higher for maternal stress (20.5 per 10,000 person-years) and anxiety (19.8 per 10,000 person-years) than no disorder (15.3 per 10,000 person-years). Maternal stress was associated with 1.17 times the risk of pediatric fractures (95% CI 1.00-1.38), and anxiety was associated with 1.26 times the risk (95% CI 1.07-1.47), compared with no disorder. Stress was predominantly linked with fall-related fractures (HR 1.26, 95% CI 1.06-1.50), and anxiety with assault-related fractures (HR 2.97, 95% CI 1.50-5.89). The association of stress with fall-related fractures was more prominent after 36 months of age, whereas anxiety was linked with assault-related fractures before 6 months. CONCLUSION Stress and anxiety disorders before or after delivery are associated with the future risk of fractures in children. Women with a history of stress or anxiety disorders may benefit from counselling and social support for child fracture prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Auger
- University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Nancy Low
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ga Eun Lee
- University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Aimina Ayoub
- University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Thuy Mai Luu
- Department of Pediatrics, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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12
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Cho YM, Lee SG, Kim JW, Kang NR, Sohn M. Child Safety Injury Experiences, Prevention Behaviors and Educational Needs among Immigrant Vietnamese Women on Jeju Island. CHILD HEALTH NURSING RESEARCH 2019; 25:367-376. [PMID: 35004428 PMCID: PMC8650987 DOI: 10.4094/chnr.2019.25.4.367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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13
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Using Community Detection Analysis to Elucidate Caregivers’ Mental Models of Pediatric Concussion Symptoms. SAFETY 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/safety4030035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to a culture of resistance around concussion reporting, novel methods are needed to reveal implicit beliefs that could affect symptom reporting. The goal of this study was to elucidate caregivers’ mental models of pediatric concussion symptoms using an exploratory community detection analysis (CDA). Caregivers (n = 76) of adolescents 10–15 years old participated in a survey that assessed their intentions of seeking medical treatment for 12 injury symptoms following their child’s involvement in three hypothetical injury scenarios. We used a series of analyses of variance (ANOVAs) to compare injury symptoms across these scenarios and CDA to determine if caregivers implicitly group symptoms together. We then used logistic regressions to further explore associations between the CDA-identified symptom indices and known factors of injury risk. There were no differences in the likelihood to seek treatment for symptoms across injury scenarios; however, the CDA revealed distinct symptom clusters that were characterized by the degree of risk for non-treatment and symptom type. We observed associations between injury risk factors and intentions of seeking medical treatment for the higher-risk indices. Results indicate that caregivers’ mental models of concussion symptoms are nuanced, not monolithic. Therefore, it is inaccurate to measure intentions to seek treatment for concussion without taking these nuances into consideration.
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14
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Zonfrillo MR, Linakis JG, Yang ES, Mello MJ. A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Cohort Studies Examining Unintentional Injury in Young Children. Glob Pediatr Health 2018; 5:2333794X18774219. [PMID: 29761142 PMCID: PMC5946359 DOI: 10.1177/2333794x18774219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective. Injury is the leading cause of death and long-term disability in children. Longitudinal cohorts are designed to follow subjects longitudinally in order to determine if early-life exposures are related to certain health outcomes. Methods. We conducted a systematic review to identify studies of children from birth through 5 years who were followed longitudinally with unintentional injury as an outcome of interest. Results. Of the 1892 unique references based on the search criteria, 12 (published between 2000 and 2013) were included. The studies varied on the population of focus, injury definition, and incidence rates. Existing studies that longitudinally follow children aged 0 to 5 years are limited in number, scope, and generalizability. Conclusions. Further study using population-based longitudinal cohorts is necessary to more comprehensively estimate incidence of injury in young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Zonfrillo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Injury Prevention Center at Rhode Island Hospital and Hasbro Children's Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - James G Linakis
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Injury Prevention Center at Rhode Island Hospital and Hasbro Children's Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Eunice S Yang
- Injury Prevention Center at Rhode Island Hospital and Hasbro Children's Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Michael J Mello
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Injury Prevention Center at Rhode Island Hospital and Hasbro Children's Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
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15
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Iskander JM, Rakestraw HM, Morris AT, Wildman BG, Duby JC. Group triple P and child unintentional injury risk: a pilot study. CHILDRENS HEALTH CARE 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/02739615.2017.1413576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Adam T. Morris
- Department of Psychiatry, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY
| | - Beth G. Wildman
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH
| | - John C. Duby
- Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics & Dayton Children’s Hospital, Dayton, OH
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Kendrick D, Majsak-Newman G, Benford P, Coupland C, Timblin C, Hayes M, Goodenough T, Hawkins A, Reading R. Poison prevention practices and medically attended poisoning in young children: multicentre case–control study. Inj Prev 2016; 23:93-101. [DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2015-041828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Ehrhardt J, Xu Y, Khoury J, Yolton K, Lanphear B, Phelan K. Cognitive and motor abilities of young children and risk of injuries in the home. Inj Prev 2016; 23:16-21. [PMID: 27435102 DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2016-042031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Residential injury is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in US children. Rates and types of injury vary by child age but little is known about injury risk based on child cognitive and motor abilities. The objective of this study was to determine whether cognitive or motor development in young children is associated with residential injury. METHODS We employed data from Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment (HOME) Study. Parent report of medically attended injury was obtained at regular intervals from 0 to 42 months. Child development was assessed at 12, 24 and 36 months using Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, 2nd edition, which generates both mental developmental index (MDI) and a psychomotor developmental index (PDI). Injury risk was modelled using multivariable logistic regression as function of child's MDI or PDI. Effects of MDI and PDI on injury risk were examined separately and jointly, adjusting for important covariates. RESULTS Children with cognitive delay (MDI <77) were at significantly higher risk of injury than children without cognitive delay (OR=3.7, 95% CI 1.4 to 10.5, p=0.012). There was no significant association of PDI with injury. There was, however, significant interaction of MDI and PDI (p=0.02); children with cognitive delay but normal motor development were at significantly higher risk of injury than children with normal cognitive and motor development (OR=9.6, 95% CI 2.6 to 35.8, p=0.001). CONCLUSIONS Children with cognitive delays, especially those with normal motor development, are at elevated risk for residential injuries. Injury prevention efforts should target children with developmental delays. CLINICAL TRIALS NUMBER NCT00129324; post-results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Ehrhardt
- Division of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Yingying Xu
- Division of General and Community Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Jane Khoury
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Kimberly Yolton
- Division of General and Community Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Bruce Lanphear
- Child and Family Research Institute, BC Children's and Women's Hospital and Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kieran Phelan
- Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Abstract
Objectives Injuries are the leading cause of pediatric morbidity and mortality in the United States. Interaction between child, parent and environmental factors may contribute to injuries. This study investigates the association between coping with parenthood and injuries in children age 0-5 years. Methods In this cross-sectional observational study, we analyzed data from the 2007 National Survey of Children's Health, a random-digit-dialing, nationally-representative telephone survey. Information was obtained from a caregiver about children 5 years of age or younger. Parental coping with the demands of parenthood was categorized into three groups-"very well", "somewhat well" and "not very well" or "not very well at all". Injury was defined as caregiver report of any injury within the previous 12 months that required medical attention. Results This study included 27,471 surveys about children 5 years of age or younger. With weighted analysis, 10.4 % of children were reported to have an injury; 31.1 % of caregivers reported coping with parenthood "somewhat well" and 1.7 % reported coping "not very well"/"not very well at all". The adjusted odds ratio of sustaining an injury was 1.26 (95 % CI 1.00, 1.59) for children of parents who reported coping somewhat well with the demands of parenthood compared to those with parents coping very well. Conclusions Parental report of coping with parenthood less than very well was associated with injury in children ages 0-5 years, further highlighting the importance of the interaction between parent factors and childhood injury.
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Ozgoli G, Sheikhan Z, Soleimani F, Nasiri M, Amiri S. Prevalence of Sleep Disorders Among Children 4 - 6 Years Old in Tehran Province, Iran. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2016; 18:e22052. [PMID: 27651942 PMCID: PMC5020400 DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.22052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep patterns may change over a person's lifetime; however, the quantity and quality of sleep always depend on individual factors such as age, sex, and psychological and environmental factors. In children, sleep is as important as development. Quantitative sleep problems related to sleep onset and qualitative sleep disorders such as frequent awakenings may lead to insufficient sleep. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to assess the prevalence of sleep disorders among children 4 - 6 years old attending the health centers of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, in 2013. PATIENTS AND METHODS This was a cross-sectional study on 400 children selected using a multistage sampling method. Data were collected by interviews. The questionnaire included two sections: a demographic section with questions about the demographic characteristics of the children and parents and a children's sleep habit questionnaire (CSHQ). Data were analyzed by SPSS 16 and different statistical tests were used (P < 0.05). RESULTS The mean age of the children was 64.27 ± 9.3 months. The prevalence of sleep disorders was 36.25%. Sleep disorders were significantly associated with age, height, body mass index, residence of children, father's occupation, mother's diseases, father's drug abuse, and parents' marital status (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Sleep disorders in children threaten growth and development, and are dangerous for their health. Sleep disorders should be considered in the differential diagnosis of children's learning and behavioral problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giti Ozgoli
- Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Zohre Sheikhan
- Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding Author: Zohre Sheikhan, Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran. Tel: +98-02188202512, Fax: +98-02188202512, E-mail:
| | - Farin Soleimani
- Pediatric Nero-rehabilitation Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Malihe Nasiri
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Paramedic, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Saba Amiri
- Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
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Oldin A, Lundgren J, Norén JG, Robertson A. Individual risk factors associated with general unintentional injuries and the relationship to traumatic dental injuries among children aged 0-15 years in the Swedish BITA study. Dent Traumatol 2016; 32:296-305. [PMID: 26799248 DOI: 10.1111/edt.12258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate general unintentional injuries (GUI) and traumatic dental injuries (TDI) in relation to behavioral and psychosocial strengths and difficulties among Swedish children aged 0-17 years, and to investigate general unintentional injuries in relation to temperament and socioeconomic status among the same children. SUBJECTS AND METHODS The study included 2363 children in four different age cohorts aged 3, 7, 11, and 15 years at the study start. Twelve Public Dental Service clinics in Sweden participated, representing different types of demographic areas, both rural and urban. Data were collected from parents and children through an interview, questionnaires, and dental records. RESULTS Twenty-four percentage (24%) of the children had experienced a serious general unintentional injury (GUI) at some point during their lifetime up until 3 months prior to the study start. Children who were regarded by their parents as being injured more often than other children also had occasions with general unintentional injuries to a greater extent. Most general unintentional injuries occurred at home. Children with incidents of general unintentional injuries had occasions with TDI to a greater extent than children without general unintentional injury. Children, whose mothers had 11 years of school/education or less, were involved in more general unintentional injuries during the 3-month period prior to the study start, compared to children of mothers with higher education level. CONCLUSIONS Children with general unintentional injuries had more traumatic dental injuries. Children who were assessed by their parents as being injured more often than other children also had occasions with general unintentional injuries to a greater extent. Temperament, behavioral and psychosocial strengths and difficulties had different impacts at different ages for experiencing a general unintentional injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Oldin
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Institute of Odontology at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jesper Lundgren
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jörgen G Norén
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Institute of Odontology at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Agneta Robertson
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Institute of Odontology at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Punyadasa D, Samarakkody D. Community-Based Study on Family-Related Contributory Factors for Childhood Unintentional Injuries in an Urban Setting of Sri Lanka. Asia Pac J Public Health 2015; 28:102S-110S. [PMID: 26658485 DOI: 10.1177/1010539515616454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A community-based descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among children aged 1 to 4 years residing in an urban setting of Sri Lanka to assess the incidence and associated family-related factors of unintentional injuries. A total of 458 children were recruited using simple random sampling technique, giving a response rate of 91.6%. The incidence of unintentional injuries that needed medical attention during the study period of 3 months was 28.1 per 100 children (95% CI = 19.46-36.74). The factors that were significantly associated with the occurrence of unintentional injuries among children are low monthly income of the family (P = .045), low social support to the mother of index child (P = .022), nonauthoritative type of parenting of the mother of index child (P = .039), cared by person other than mother during day time (P = .002), frequent arguments between parents (P = .004), and frequent alcohol consumption of father (P = .001).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diana Samarakkody
- British Columbia Injury Research and Prevention Unit, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Jia T, Tynelius P, Rasmussen F. U-shaped association of body mass index in early adulthood with unintentional mortality from injuries: a cohort study of Swedish men with 35 years of follow-up. Int J Obes (Lond) 2015; 40:809-14. [PMID: 26607037 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2015.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the dose-response association between body mass index (BMI) in young adulthood and the risk of mortality caused by unintentional injuries. METHODS We performed a cohort study including 7 43 398 men identified by linkage of the Multigeneration Register and the Military Service Conscription Register. Cox regression models were used to examine crude and adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) of the relationships between BMI at age 18-20 years and the risk of death from all unintentional injuries as well as from specific unintentional injuries. We then estimated the population attributable fractions (PAFs)-the proportion of unintentional deaths that was attributable to underweight, overweight and obesity in this population-based cohort. RESULTS During 35.9 years of follow-up, 6461 deaths occurred from unintentional injuries, including 3064 deaths from road injury, 978 from poisoning, 503 from falls, 243 from fire and 348 from drowning. Underweight subjects had a higher risk of mortality in all unintentional injuries (HR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.03-1.10) and mortality in burns (HR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.13-2.40) compared with BMI between 18.5 and 22.5 kg m(-2) (reference group). BMI >25 kg m(-2) was associated with increased risk of death from all unintentional injuries (HR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.12-1.65) and road accidents (HR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.14-1.97). Estimates of PAF suggested that 4.4% of the mortality in Swedish men caused by unintentional injuries could have been avoided if BMI values were kept between 18.5 and 22.5 kg m(-2). CONCLUSIONS A U-shaped association was observed between BMI and risk of unintentional death. Both underweight and overweight were associated with increased mortality risk for all unintentional injuries and for subtype causes. Our study suggests that BMI might be a significant target for preventive interventions on deaths caused by unintentional injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Jia
- Child and Adolescent Public Health Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P Tynelius
- Child and Adolescent Public Health Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - F Rasmussen
- Child and Adolescent Public Health Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Centre for Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
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Pretorius K, Van Niekerk A. Childhood psychosocial development and fatal injuries in Gauteng, South Africa. Child Care Health Dev 2015; 41:35-44. [PMID: 24734788 DOI: 10.1111/cch.12140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In South Africa, injuries are the third leading cause of death and disability. Children are especially susceptible to unintentional injuries, especially pedestrian injuries, burns and drowning. Injury risk is informed by children's exposure to adverse environmental circumstances, and individual capacities dependent on developmental maturity. Boys are at greater risk than girls. This study investigates the incidence of fatal childhood injuries as well as sex differences across psychosocial development stages. METHODS Data on fatal injuries in Gauteng, South Africa's most populous province, were obtained from the National Injury Mortality Surveillance System. The analysis drew on Erikson's psychosocial theory of development which was used to create meaningful age groups. Age-specific population data from the 2011 Census were used to calculate rates, and significant differences were determined through the generation of risk ratios and confidence intervals. RESULTS There were 5404 fatal injuries among children in Gauteng from 2008 to 2011. The average age of victims was 8.9 years, and the majority male (65.6%). In infancy, the mortality rates for all injuries and non-traffic unintentional injuries were significantly higher than for the other age groups. Burns were the most common cause of death in infancy and early childhood. Pedestrian injuries accounted for a third of mortality in preschool and school age, and homicide rates were significantly higher in adolescence than in the other developmental stages. For injuries in general, boys had significantly higher mortality rates than girls in all age groups except preschool. The only instance where the mortality rate for girls was significantly higher than for boys was for adolescent ingestion poisoning suicides. CONCLUSIONS The exposure to environmental and social risks is differentially moderated with maturing age and levels of autonomy. The sex of the child also informs risk. The nature of these risks is important when considering child injury prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Pretorius
- Safety and Peace Promotion Research Unit, Medical Research Council-University of South Africa, Tygerberg, Western Cape, South Africa
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Morrongiello BA, McArthur BA, Bell M. Managing children's risk of injury in the home: does parental teaching about home safety reduce young children's hazard interactions? ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2014; 71:194-200. [PMID: 24929823 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2014.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Past research confirms that parents extend much effort to teach their young children about safety, but little is known about this process. The present study examined mothers' use of teaching as a strategy to manage young children's risk of home injury and how this impacts children's hazard interactions. Mothers of three-year-olds completed an in-home room-by-room interview in which they identified injury hazards that concern them, reported on use of teaching to manage risk of injury from these hazards, rated children's understanding of these safety issues and compliance with behavioral guidelines regarding these safety issues, and reported on children's recent interactions with these hazards. They also completed questionnaire measures of how difficult the child is to manage and the child's typical level of risk taking. Results revealed that children's understanding of safety impacted both their compliance and hazard interactions, moderating the impact of risk taking on compliance and also the impact of children's difficult-to-manage score on hazard interactions. These findings demonstrate that teaching strategies need to effectively enhance children's understanding of the safety issue in order to reduce children's risk of hazard interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Melissa Bell
- Psychology Department University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1 Canada
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Keyes KM, Susser E, Pilowsky DJ, Hamilton A, Bitfoi A, Goelitz D, Kuijpers RCWM, Lesinskiene S, Mihova Z, Otten R, Kovess V. The health consequences of child mental health problems and parenting styles: unintentional injuries among European schoolchildren. Prev Med 2014; 67:182-8. [PMID: 25073079 PMCID: PMC4409127 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Unintentional injury is the leading cause of death for schoolchildren. We assessed the association between externalizing psychopathology, parenting style, and unintentional injury in European children in the community. METHODS Data were drawn from the School Children Mental Health in Europe project and included 4517 schoolchildren across seven diverse European regions. Past-year injuries serious enough to seek medical attention were reported by mothers. Child mental health problems were assessed using validated measures and reported by the mothers, teachers, and children. Parenting styles were based on The Parenting Scale and the Parent Behaviors and Attitudes Questionnaire. RESULTS Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity symptoms and oppositional defiant symptoms had a higher risk of injury compared to other children whether based on parent report (OR=1.47, 95% C.I. 1.2-1.9), teacher report (OR=1.36, 95% C.I. 1.1-1.7), or parent and teacher report combined (OR=1.53, 95% C.I. 1.1-2.1). Children who self-reported oppositional symptoms also had higher risk of injury (OR=1.6, 95% C.I. 1.1-2.4). Low-caring behavior of parents increased the risk of injury (OR=1.4, 95% C.I. 1.1-1.9). CONCLUSION Unintentional injury is a potential adverse health consequence of child externalizing problems. Interventions to improve parent-child relationships and prevention as well as focused treatment for externalizing problems may reduce the burden of injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Keyes
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, Department of Epidemiology, New York, United States
| | - Ezra Susser
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, Department of Epidemiology, New York, United States; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, United States
| | - Daniel J Pilowsky
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, Department of Epidemiology, New York, United States; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, United States
| | - Ava Hamilton
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, Department of Epidemiology, New York, United States
| | - Adina Bitfoi
- The Romanian League for Mental Health, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dietmar Goelitz
- Center for Applied Sciences of Health, Leuphana University of Luneburg, Luneburg, Germany
| | | | - Sigita Lesinskiene
- Clinic of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Vilnius, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | - Roy Otten
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Viviane Kovess
- École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Paris, France.
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Kuhn J, Damashek A. The role of proximal circumstances and child behaviour in toddlers’ risk for minor unintentional injuries. Inj Prev 2014; 21:30-4. [DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2014-041247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Simpson J, Fougere G, McGee R. A wicked problem: early childhood safety in the dynamic, interactive environment of home. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2013; 10:1647-64. [PMID: 23615453 PMCID: PMC3709340 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph10051647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2013] [Revised: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Young children being injured at home is a perennial problem. When parents of young children and family workers discussed what influenced parents' perceptions and responses to child injury risk at home, both "upstream" and "downstream" causal factors were identified. Among the former, complex and interactive facets of society and contemporary living emerged as potentially critical features. The "wicked problems" model arose from the need to find resolutions for complex problems in multidimensional environments and it proved a useful analogy for child injury. Designing dynamic strategies to provide resolutions to childhood injury, may address our over-dependence on 'tame solutions' that only deal with physical cause-and-effect relationships and which cannot address the complex interactive contexts in which young children are often injured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Simpson
- Injury Prevention Research Unit, Department of Preventive & Social Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Geoff Fougere
- Department of Public Health, Wellington School of Medicine, University of Otago, Wellington 6021, New Zealand; E-Mail:
| | - Rob McGee
- Department of Preventive & Social Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; E-Mail:
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Kendrick D, Mulvaney CA, Ye L, Stevens T, Mytton JA, Stewart-Brown S. Parenting interventions for the prevention of unintentional injuries in childhood. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013; 2013:CD006020. [PMID: 23543542 PMCID: PMC8908963 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd006020.pub3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parent education and training programmes can improve maternal psychosocial health, child behavioural problems and parenting practices. This review assesses the effects of parenting interventions for reducing child injury. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of parenting interventions for preventing unintentional injury in children aged under 18 years and for increasing possession and use of safety equipment and safety practices by parents. SEARCH METHODS We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, BIOSIS Preview, PsycINFO, Sociological Abstracts, Social Science Citation Index, CINAHL, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, ERIC, DARE, ASSIA, Web of Science, SIGLE and ZETOC. We also handsearched abstracts from the World Conferences on Injury Prevention & Control and the journal Injury Prevention. The searches were conducted in January 2011. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs), non-randomised controlled trials (non-RCTs) and controlled before and after studies (CBAs), which evaluated parenting interventions administered to parents of children aged 18 years and under, and reported outcome data on injuries for children (unintentional or unspecified intent), possession and use of safety equipment or safety practices (including the Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME) scale which contained an assessment of home safety) by parents. Parenting interventions were defined as those with a specified protocol, manual or curriculum aimed at changing knowledge, attitudes or skills covering a range of parenting topics. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Studies were selected, data were extracted and quality appraised independently by two authors. Pooled relative risks (RR) were estimated using random effect models. MAIN RESULTS Twenty two studies were included in the review: 16 RCTs, two non-RCTs, one partially randomised trial which contained two randomised intervention arms and one non-randomised control arm, two CBA studies and one quasi randomised controlled trial. Seventeen studies provided interventions comprising parenting education and other support services; 15 of which were home visiting programmes and two of which were paediatric practice-based interventions. Two provided solely educational interventions. Nineteen studies recruited families who were from socio-economically disadvantaged populations, were at risk of adverse child outcomes or people who may benefit from extra support, such as single mothers, teenage mothers, first time mothers and mothers with learning difficulties. Ten RCTs involving 5074 participants were included in the meta-analysis, which indicated that intervention families had a statistically significant lower risk of injury than control families (RR 0.83, 95% CI 0.73 to 0.94). Sensitivity analyses undertaken including only RCTs at low risk of various sources of bias found the findings to be robust to including only those studies at low risk of detection bias in terms of blinded outcome assessment and attrition bias in terms of follow up of fewer than 80% of participants in each arm. When analyses were restricted to studies at low risk of selection bias in terms of inadequate allocation concealment the effect size was no longer statistically significant. Several studies found statistically significant fewer home hazards or a greater number of safety practices in intervention families. Of ten studies reporting scores on the HOME scale, data from three RCTs were included in a meta-analysis which found no evidence of a difference in quality of the home environment between treatment arms (mean difference 0.57, 95% CI -0.59 to 1.72). Most of the studies reporting home safety practices, home hazards or composite home safety scores found statistically significant effects favouring intervention arm families. Overall, using GRADE, the quality of the evidence was rated as moderate. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Parenting interventions, most commonly provided within the home using multi-faceted interventions are effective in reducing child injury. There is fairly consistent evidence that they also improve home safety. The evidence relates mainly to interventions provided to families from disadvantaged populations, who are at risk of adverse child health outcomes or whose families may benefit from extra support. Further research is required to explore mechanisms by which these interventions may reduce injury, the features of parenting interventions that are necessary or sufficient to reduce injury and the generalisability to different population groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Kendrick
- Division of Primary Care, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
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Junger M, Japel C, Coté S, Xu Q, Boivin M, Tremblay RE. Smoking and medication during pregnancy predict repeated unintentional injuries in early childhood but not single unintentional injuries. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2013; 14:13-24. [PMID: 23212766 PMCID: PMC3546297 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-012-0304-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates prospectively the development of single and repeated unintentional injuries from birth to 42 months in a random population sample of new-born children in Quebec (Canada) (N = 1,770). The outcome measures are single unintentional injuries (SUI) and repeated unintentional injuries (RUI). Results showed that the risk factors for SUI differed from the risk factors for RUI. SUI was predicted by mother's antisocial behavior during high school (OR = 1.72) and mother's age at first birth (OR = 1.82) with children from older mothers at higher likelihood of SUI. Also, boys (OR = 1.36) and hyperactive children (OR = 1.06) were at increased risk of SUI. RUI was predicted by maternal smoking during pregnancy (OR = 1.68), medication on prescription (OR = 1.53) and medication without prescription (OR = 1.54). Boys (OR = 2.01), children with a difficult temperament (OR = 1.13) and those with single mothers had higher rates of RUI (OR = 2.05). Maternal perception of impact (OR = 1.15) and maternal feelings of self-efficacy (OR = 0.87; marginally significant) were also associated with RUI. These results show that maternal and child risk factors identified during pregnancy and just after birth can predict SUI as well as RUI in early childhood. However, the only common risk factor for SUI and RUI is the child's sex, with boys being at higher risk than girls. Implications of these findings and suggestions for prevention are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Junger
- Institute for Innovation and Governance Studies, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands.
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Caregiver perspectives on unintentional injury risk in children with an autism spectrum disorder. J Pediatr Nurs 2012; 27:632-41. [PMID: 23101727 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2011.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2011] [Revised: 07/18/2011] [Accepted: 07/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Unintentional injury risk research for children with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is currently limited. This article presents findings from a two-phase investigation of caregiver perspectives regarding unintentional injury risk in children with an ASD. Results indicate that children with an ASD exhibit elevated rates of risk-taking behaviors compared with peers, which increases the likelihood of more frequent and severe injuries. In addition, although ASD symptom severity positively correlated with risk-taking behavior and frequency of injury, children with an ASD were rarely rated as high risks for injury by caregivers. Implications are discussed in the context of pediatric health service provision.
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Unintentional Injury in Early Childhood: Its Relationship with Childcare Setting and Provider. Matern Child Health J 2012; 17:1541-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10995-012-1110-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Unintentional injury risk in school-age children: Examining interrelations between parent and child factors. JOURNAL OF APPLIED DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appdev.2012.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Schwebel DC, Roth DL, Elliott MN, Chien AT, Mrug S, Shipp E, Dittus P, Zlomke K, Schuster MA. Marital conflict and fifth-graders' risk for injury. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2012; 47:30-35. [PMID: 22405236 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2012.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2011] [Revised: 07/12/2011] [Accepted: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Injuries are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality for American children. Marital conflict has been associated with a range of negative health outcomes, but little is known about how marital conflict may influence risk of injury among children. We hypothesized marital conflict would be related to increased youth injury risk after controlling for relevant demographic and parenting covariates. METHODS A community sample of 3218 fifth-graders recruited from three US locales was utilized. Ordinal logistic regression models were used to predict the frequency of unintentional injuries from marital conflict while adjusting for demographics, parenting factors (nurturance, communication, involvement with youth), and family cohesion. RESULTS Higher levels of marital conflict were associated with higher rates of injury that required professional medical attention (OR=1.20, 95% CI 1.06, 1.35 per standard deviation). The same association held after inclusion of all covariates in a multivariate ordinal logistic regression model. CONCLUSIONS Parental marital conflict is associated with higher rates of injuries requiring professional medical attention in preadolescent children.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Schwebel
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA.
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Ruiz-Casares M, Trocmé N, Fallon B. Supervisory neglect and risk of harm. Evidence from the Canadian Child Welfare System. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2012; 36:471-80. [PMID: 22770635 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2012.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2010] [Revised: 03/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study explores prevalence and characteristics associated with supervisory neglect and physical harm in children in the child welfare system in Canada. METHODS The sample included all substantiated primary maltreatment investigations in the 2008 Canadian Incidence Study of Reported Child Abuse and Neglect excluding cases where exposure to intimate partner violence was the sole reason for investigation (n=3,380). Bivariate tests were used to assess differences across types of maltreatments and to compare supervisory neglect cases with and without physical harm on factors related to child injury and supervision. RESULTS Supervisory neglect was the primary concern in an estimated 12,793 cases of substantiated maltreatment across Canada in 2008. Compared to other types of maltreatment, cases of supervisory neglect involved more overcrowded housing conditions and children who were younger and less likely to have any functioning issue. Injuries were noted in only 2% of cases supervisory neglect and half of these injuries were not severe enough to require medical treatment. Other physical health conditions were noted in 2% of supervisory neglect cases. Physical harm was noted most often for toddlers (1-2 years old) and adolescents (12-15 years old). Household and caregiver characteristics were not associated with greater rates of physical harm. In contrast, 7% of children with any risk factor suffered physical harm as a result of supervisory neglect mainly related to substance abuse, self-harming behavior, and multiple incidents of running from care. CONCLUSIONS Child risk factors are often present in cases of supervisory neglect with physical harm. Nonetheless, 96% of all cases of supervisory neglect substantiated by Canadian child welfare authorities do not involve physical harm. Clearer guidelines are needed for the assessment of supervisory neglect. Alternative response systems may be more suitable for low-risk cases.
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Karazsia BT, Guilfoyle SM, Wildman BG. The mediating role of hyperactivity and inattention on sex differences in paediatric injury risk. Child Care Health Dev 2012; 38:358-65. [PMID: 21623871 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2214.2011.01243.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extensive research suggests that risk of injury is higher among young boys versus young girls. The present study examined a mediational model to identify mechanisms that may explain differences in injury risk. METHODS Reports of child behaviour and two indices of injury risk among 114 children in early childhood were obtained from parents in community-based paediatric medical centres. RESULTS Regression analyses and post-hoc examination of indirect effects supported a mediation model in which the relationship between child sex and child injury risk was explained by hyperactivity and inattention. CONCLUSIONS Interventions that promote child well-being by targeting constellations of externalizing behaviour problems may simultaneously decrease paediatric injury risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- B T Karazsia
- Department of Psychology, The College of Wooster, OH 44691, USA.
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Myhre MC, Thoresen S, Grøgaard JB, Dyb G. Familial factors and child characteristics as predictors of injuries in toddlers: a prospective cohort study. BMJ Open 2012; 2:e000740. [PMID: 22403343 PMCID: PMC3298835 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2011-000740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify family and child characteristics that put toddlers at risk of injuries. DESIGN A prospective cohort study. SETTING This study was based on the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study, conducted by the Norwegian Institute of Public Health. PARTICIPANTS The study sample consisted of 26 087 children and their mothers. OUTCOME MEASURES Family and child characteristics measured before or at 18 months of age were investigated as potential predictors of hospital-attended injuries that occurred between 18 and 36 months of age. RESULTS In the multivariable analysis, younger maternal age (OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.86 to 1.00), financial problems (OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.39), maternal mental distress (OR 1.09, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.16), having older siblings (OR 1.22, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.39), increased gestational age at birth (OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.07) and male gender (OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.42) were risk factors for hospital-attended injuries. Children with impaired gross motor development had a decreased risk of injury (OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.42 to 0.99), whereas those with impaired fine motor development had an increased risk (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.22 to 1.97). Shyness was a protective factor (OR 0.92, 95% CI 0.86 to 0.98). Children with three reported attention problems had a slightly increased risk of hospital-attended injuries (OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.72; p=0.035); otherwise, behaviour was not a significant risk factor. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that a wide variety of factors were in play as predictors of injuries in young children. Both child-related factors (gender, gestational age at birth, child motor development, shyness and attention) and familial factors (having older siblings, maternal age, financial difficulties and maternal mental health problems) were associated with injuries in toddlers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia Cathrine Myhre
- Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pediatrics, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - Siri Thoresen
- Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Grete Dyb
- Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Lawson KA, Duzinski SV, Wheeler T, Yuma-Guerrero PJ, Johnson KMK, Maxson RT, Schlechter R. Teaching safety at a summer camp: evaluation of a water safety curriculum in an urban community setting. Health Promot Pract 2011; 13:835-41. [PMID: 22193254 DOI: 10.1177/1524839911399428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this project was to evaluate a water safety curriculum in a low-income, minority-focused, urban youth summer camp. The curriculum is available to Safe Kids Coalitions across the country; however, it has not previously been evaluated. METHODS Participants were pre-K to third-grade students (n = 166). Children watched a video and received the curriculum in a classroom setting. Each child was given a pre-, post-, and 3-week retention exam to assess knowledge change. Mean test scores and number of safety rules participants could list were analyzed using paired Student's t tests. Parents were given a baseline survey at the beginning (n = 140) and end of the weeklong curriculum (n = 118). RESULTS The participants were 50% male, 27.5% Hispanic, 68.7% African American, and 3.8% biracial. Children were divided into three groups: pre-K/kindergarten, first and second grade, and third grade. Children in each of the groups received higher knowledge scores at the posttest (p = .0097, p < .0001, and p < .0001, respectively), with little decline in scores at the 3-week retention exam. Similar results were seen for the ability to list safety rules, though the number fell slightly between the posttest and retention test. CONCLUSION The study demonstrates that children possessed more knowledge of water safety after receiving this curriculum. This knowledge increase was maintained through the 3-week retention exam. Further evaluation of the curriculum's content and its impact on water safety beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors are needed, as well as evaluation of additional settings, risk areas, and the role of parental involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla A Lawson
- Dell Children's Medical Center of Central Texas, Austin, TX, USA
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Schwebel DC, Brezausek CM. Unintentional injury among low-income 5-year-olds with chronic health conditions. Chronic Illn 2011; 7:201-8. [PMID: 21343221 DOI: 10.1177/1742395310394220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing numbers of children suffer from chronic health conditions, and initial evidence suggests chronic illness may be associated with increased child injury risk. We examined injury risk among 5-year-olds with and without chronic health conditions. METHODS Data from a diverse US sample of 7954 low-income 5-year-olds participating in the National Head Start/Public School Early Childhood Transition Demonstration Study were analysed. Mothers reported demographics, presence/absence of eight chronic health conditions, and whether children had experienced injuries requiring professional medical attention in the past year. Primary analyses used ordinal logistic regression. RESULTS Asthma, bronchitis, recurrent ear infections, hay fever/allergies and speech problems associated with increased injury risk (OR range = 1.20-1.49 in bivariate ordinal logistic regression, ps < 0.01). Children with cerebral palsy had reduced injury risk (OR = 0.37, 95% CI = 0.15-0.91, p < 0.05). Most findings held after including demographic covariates in multivariate models. CONCLUSION Because a range of chronic health conditions associated with increased injury risk, the causal mechanism behind relations between chronic illness and injury risk may not be disease-specific. Instead, factors related to having chronic medical conditions-not any particular condition-might contribute. Possible mediators include impaired family functioning, impaired peer relations, and familiarity with the health system/health-seeking behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Schwebel
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA.
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Kiff CJ, Lengua LJ, Zalewski M. Nature and nurturing: parenting in the context of child temperament. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 2011; 14:251-301. [PMID: 21461681 PMCID: PMC3163750 DOI: 10.1007/s10567-011-0093-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Accounting for both bidirectional and interactive effects between parenting and child temperament can fine-tune theoretical models of the role of parenting and temperament in children's development of adjustment problems. Evidence for bidirectional and interactive effects between parenting and children's characteristics of frustration, fear, self-regulation, and impulsivity was reviewed, and an overall model of children's individual differences in response to parenting is proposed. In general, children high in frustration, impulsivity and low in effortful control are more vulnerable to the adverse effects of negative parenting, while in turn, many negative parenting behaviors predict increases in these characteristics. Frustration, fearfulness, and effortful control also appear to elicit parenting behaviors that can predict increases in these characteristics. Irritability renders children more susceptible to negative parenting behaviors. Fearfulness operates in a very complex manner, sometimes increasing children's responses to parenting behaviors and sometimes mitigating them and apparently operating differently across gender. Important directions for future research include the use of study designs and analytic approaches that account for the direction of effects and for developmental changes in parenting and temperament over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara J Kiff
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Box 351525, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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Schwebel DC, Roth DL, Elliott MN, Windle M, Grunbaum JA, Low B, Cooper SP, Schuster MA. The association of activity level, parent mental distress, and parental involvement and monitoring with unintentional injury risk in fifth graders. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2011; 43:848-852. [PMID: 21376875 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2010.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2010] [Revised: 10/22/2010] [Accepted: 11/04/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Extend findings with young children by examining the strength of association of activity level, parent mental distress, and parental involvement and monitoring with fifth graders' unintentional injuries. METHODS Ordinal logistic regression models were used to predict unintentional injury frequency among 4745 fifth-graders. Examined predictors included demographics, parent reports of mental distress, temperamental activity level (tendency to be fidgety, restless, and constantly in motion), and parental involvement and monitoring in adolescents' lives. RESULTS Higher levels of both activity level and parent mental distress predicted more frequent injuries. CONCLUSIONS As has been found with younger children, unintentional injuries in fifth graders are associated with both parent and child characteristics. The result is discussed in the context of adolescent development. Implications include those for injury prevention (multi-dimensional prevention strategies that incorporate environmental modifications as well as training of youth and parents) and future research (study of potential mechanisms behind injury risk behavior via longitudinal and experimental research; study of injury risk during this phase of child development).
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Schwebel
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35294, United States.
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Glania T, Lialiaris T, Tripsianis G, Papadakis N, Constandinidis TC. Is psychopathology related to children's unintentional injury? Int J Adolesc Med Health 2010; 22:567-573. [PMID: 21404887 DOI: 10.1515/ijamh.2010.22.4.567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This research aimed to study children's psychopathology and unintentional accidents in Thrace, northern Greece. We examined whether there was a correlation between each risk factor of the research and the dependent variables: 1) minor accidents, 2) serious accidents that required Emergency Room attendance (ER accidents), 3) serious accidents that led to hospital admission (admission accidents). High school children (n = 1,516) completed an anonymous questionnaire regarding the cause of their accident, as well as the "Strengths and difficulties questionnaire" (SDQ) by Goodman. The results indicate that sex, conduct disorders, hyperactivity, and abnormal score in SDQ were important risk factors for minor injuries and continued to be important risk factors for ER accidents. Sex, conduct disorders, hyperactivity, peer-problems, and abnormal score in SDQ were important risk factors for the most serious accidents (admission accidents). Because major accidents can result in serious health problems or disability, attention should be paid to the risk factors found.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although an association between behavior problems and childhood injuries has been established, the majority of studies have been cross-sectional and comorbidity has not been taken into account. The purpose of this study was to prospectively assess the relationship between behavior problems and the risk of unintentional injury in a population-based sample of Canadian children aged 4 to 11 years. METHOD This prospective cohort study considered data from Cycles 1 and 2 of the Canadian National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth. The outcome was injury in Cycle 2 (2 years later). The exposure was the presence of behavior problems in Cycle 1, defined as children with hyperactivity only, aggression only, anxiety only, hyperactivity with aggression, hyperactivity with anxiety, aggression with anxiety, and hyperactivity with aggression and anxiety. All groups were compared to children with no behavior problems. Covariates included child-related, parental, and social-environmental factors. RESULTS The final weighted longitudinal sample included 2,209,886 children, of which 11.4% were injured in Cycle 2. None of the behavior groups were at significant risk of injury 2 years later. However, children who lived with a single/no parent and children who did not live with a biological parent had a significantly greater risk of injury. After controlling for confounders, children who lived with a single/no parent had more than twice the risk of having an injury. CONCLUSION We need to look beyond behavior problems, and possibly at family and environmental factors, to reduce the burden of injuries in the Canadian population.
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Simpson JC, Turnbull BL, Ardagh M, Richardson S. Child home injury prevention: understanding the context of unintentional injuries to preschool children. Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot 2010; 16:159-67. [PMID: 19941214 DOI: 10.1080/17457300903135636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Injury to young children at home is a public health problem. In New Zealand, over half the injury deaths and hospitalisations among 0-4 year olds occur at home. Causes and risk factors for child injury have been identified, but their circumstances are not well described. Understanding the context, however, is important for developing and implementing effective prevention. To obtain the descriptions of injury events, semi-structured interviews were conducted with a convenience sample of 100 caregivers of 0-4 year olds attending an emergency department for a home injury. Analysis from this exploratory study indicated that most events occurred within usual family activity, but had multiple factors interacting. Injury was rarely the expected outcome. Findings concurred with findings from others' research that reported home injury to be complex and multifaceted. Factors related to the environment, the child, the parent, their behaviours and activity interacted, with common patterns preceding injury being evident such as times of day and disrupted routines. Factors were often found to occur regardless of the cause of injury. Complex parental factors were identified, such as not anticipating risk, having unrealistic expectations of children, lacking knowledge of child development and accepting injury as a norm. Directions for further research are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean C Simpson
- Injury Prevention Research Unit, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
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Granié MA. Gender stereotype conformity and age as determinants of preschoolers' injury-risk behaviors. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2010; 42:726-733. [PMID: 20159100 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2009.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2009] [Revised: 10/26/2009] [Accepted: 10/29/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Unintentional injuries continue to be a serious public-health problem for children and are higher for boys than for girls, from infancy through adulthood. Literature on differential socialization concerning risky behaviors and gender stereotypes suggests that sex differences in unintentional injuries could be explained by children's differential feedback to social pressure, leading to behaviors which conform to masculine and feminine stereotypes. We made the prediction that boys' and girls' conformity with masculine stereotypes influences injury-risk behaviors among preschoolers. Masculinity score, femininity score, and injury-risk behaviors of 170 3-6-year old children (89 boys and 81 girls) were measured indirectly on two scales filled out by their parents. Results show that boys' and girls' injury-risk behaviors are predicted by masculine stereotype conformity and that girls' masculine behaviors decline with increasing age. These results underline the impact of gender-roles - and of the differential socialization associated with those roles - on sex differences in children's risky behaviors as early as the preschool period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Axelle Granié
- French National Institute for Transportation and Safety Research, Department of Accident Mechanism Analysis, Chemin de Croix Blanche, 13300 Salon de Provence, France.
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Fujiwara T, Okuyama M, Takahashi K. Paternal involvement in childcare and unintentional injury of young children: a population-based cohort study in Japan. Int J Epidemiol 2009; 39:588-97. [DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyp340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Abstract
As the leading cause of death and major contributor to hospitalization for children, unintentional injury is a significant health problem in the United States. How supervision influences children’s risk of injury has been of interest for some time, and much progress has been made recently to address definitional and measurement issues pertaining to supervision. Increasing evidence supports the notion of a general relationship between increased supervision and decreased injury risk, but also reveals that child behavioral attributes and environmental characteristics can interact with level of supervision to affect injury risk, making it challenging to develop guidelines regarding what constitutes “adequate” supervision. Further research is needed to explore if and how children’s risk of injury varies with different supervisors (eg, mothers vs fathers vs older siblings) and how these relations change as a function of children’s developmental level. Recent research has identified messaging approaches that are effective to invoke a commitment to more closely supervising young children at home. Examining how these messages affect actual supervisory practices is an essential next step in this research and can support the development of evidence-based programs to improve supervision and reduce children’s risk of injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stacey L. Schell
- Psychology Department, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Berry JW, Schwebel DC. Configural approaches to temperament assessment: implications for predicting risk of unintentional injury in children. J Pers 2009; 77:1381-409. [PMID: 19686452 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-6494.2009.00586.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study used two configural approaches to understand how temperament factors (surgency/extraversion, negative affect, and effortful control) might predict child injury risk. In the first approach, clustering procedures were applied to trait dimensions to identify discrete personality prototypes. In the second approach, two- and three-way trait interactions were considered dimensionally in regression models predicting injury outcomes. Injury risk was assessed through four measures: lifetime prevalence of injuries requiring professional medical attention, scores on the Injury Behavior Checklist, and frequency and severity of injuries reported in a 2-week injury diary. In the prototype analysis, three temperament clusters were obtained, which resembled resilient, overcontrolled, and undercontrolled types found in previous research. Undercontrolled children had greater risk of injury than children in the other groups. In the dimensional interaction analyses, an interaction between surgency/extraversion and negative affect tended to predict injury, especially when children lacked capacity for effortful control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack W Berry
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35294-2041, USA.
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Olsson KA, Le Brocque RM, Kenardy JA, Anderson V, Spence SH. The influence of pre-injury behaviour on children's type of accident, type of injury and severity of injury. Brain Inj 2009; 22:595-602. [DOI: 10.1080/02699050802132453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Damashek A, Williams NA, Sher K, Peterson L. Relation of caregiver alcohol use to unintentional childhood injury. J Pediatr Psychol 2009; 34:344-53. [PMID: 18784184 PMCID: PMC2671980 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsn097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2007] [Revised: 08/22/2008] [Accepted: 08/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study used a case-crossover design to investigate the association of caregiver alcohol consumption and supervision to children's injury occurrence and severity. METHOD A community sample of 170 mothers of toddlers was interviewed biweekly about their children's daily injuries for a period of 6 months. RESULTS Proximal caregiver-reported alcohol use predicted higher likelihood of injury occurrence and higher injury severity, whereas caregiver-reported supervision predicted lower likelihood of injury occurrence and lower injury severity. CONCLUSION Even at low levels, proximal caregiver alcohol use may contribute to higher risk for childhood injuries and more severe injuries. The combined effect of supervision and drinking on injury likelihood warrants further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Damashek
- Center on Child Abuse & Neglect, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 940 NE 13th St., Oklahoma City, OK 73126-0901, USA.
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Parents’ perceptions of home injury risk and attitudes to supervision of pre-school children: a qualitative study in economically deprived communities. Prim Health Care Res Dev 2009. [DOI: 10.1017/s1463423609001078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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