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Muñoz-Galán R, Lana-Lander I, Coronado M, Segura L, Colom J. Association between Cannabis Use Disorder and Mental Health Disorders in the Adolescent Population: A Cohort Study. Eur Addict Res 2023; 29:344-352. [PMID: 37586355 PMCID: PMC10614238 DOI: 10.1159/000530331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION According to the literature, early initiation to cannabis use and a dependent pattern of use are important risk factors for the development of mental health disorders. However, there are few cohort studies which look at the development of mental health disorders associated with cannabis use among young people with cannabis use disorder (CUD). The aim of the study was to determine the cumulative incidence of mental health disorders and the risk of developing mental health disorders among minors who commenced treatment for CUD in Catalonia during 2015-2019. METHODS This was a retrospective fixed cohort study, matched for confounding variables, based on data from the Catalan Health Surveillance System. The exposed cohort comprised young people who entered treatment for CUD during 2015-2019 (n = 948) and who were minors on the date of commencing treatment. Matching was done with a paired cohort (n = 4,737), according to confounding variables. Individuals with a diagnosis of a mental health disorder prior to the study period were excluded. The cumulative incidence was calculated for mental health disorders for the exposed and the paired cohorts and stratified by type of mental disorder. Incidence rate ratios were estimated using the conditional Poisson model with robust variance, stratified by sex. RESULTS The cumulative incidence for development of a mental health disorder was 19.6% in the exposed cohort and 3.1% in the paired cohort; with higher incidence among females (females 32.7%; males 15.8%). The exposed cohort had an 8.7 times increased risk of developing a mental health disorder than the paired cohort. The most frequent diagnoses were reaction to severe stress, adjustment disorder, and personality disorders. CONCLUSION This study confirmed that the exposed cohort was at increased risk of developing mental health disorders compared to the paired cohort. To date, few studies have analyzed the association between cannabis use and the development of mental health disorders, considering cannabis dependence. Further studies should be undertaken considering CUD. In addition, more studies are needed to understand the factors that determine the development of CUD. Further research in these areas would contribute to the design of prevention strategies aimed at those young individuals with a higher risk of developing cannabis dependence and suffering its consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Muñoz-Galán
- Public Health Agency of Catalonia, Department of Health, Government of Catalonia, Programme on Addictions, HIV, STI and Viral Hepatitis, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irene Lana-Lander
- Public Health Agency of Catalonia, Department of Health, Government of Catalonia, Programme on Addictions, HIV, STI and Viral Hepatitis, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Coronado
- Public Health Agency of Catalonia, Department of Health, Government of Catalonia, Programme on Addictions, HIV, STI and Viral Hepatitis, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lidia Segura
- Public Health Agency of Catalonia, Department of Health, Government of Catalonia, Programme on Addictions, HIV, STI and Viral Hepatitis, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Colom
- Public Health Agency of Catalonia, Department of Health, Government of Catalonia, Programme on Addictions, HIV, STI and Viral Hepatitis, Barcelona, Spain
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Depressive Symptoms and Suicidality in Adolescents Using e-Cigarettes and Marijuana: A Secondary Data Analysis From the Youth Risk Behavior Survey. J Addict Med 2019; 13:362-365. [DOI: 10.1097/adm.0000000000000506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Wallis AL, Gretz DP, Rings JA, Eberle KM. Assessing Marijuana Use, Anxiety, and Academic Performance Among College Students. JOURNAL OF COLLEGE COUNSELING 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jocc.12125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron L. Wallis
- Department of Applied Psychology and Counselor EducationUniversity of Northern Colorado, Greeley
- Now at Open Sky Wilderness Therapy, Durango Colorado
| | - David P. Gretz
- Department of Applied Psychology and Counselor EducationUniversity of Northern Colorado, Greeley
| | - Jeffrey A. Rings
- Department of Applied Psychology and Counselor EducationUniversity of Northern Colorado, Greeley
| | - Kiersten M. Eberle
- Department of Applied Psychology and Counselor EducationUniversity of Northern Colorado, Greeley
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Wang GS, Davies SD, Halmo LS, Sass A, Mistry RD. Marijuana Legalization and Adolescent Health. J Adolesc Health 2018; 63:367. [PMID: 30237003 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2018.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- George Sam Wang
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Section of Emergency Medicine, USA; Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
| | - Sara Deakyne Davies
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Section of Emergency Medicine, USA; Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Research Informatics, USA
| | - Laurie Seidel Halmo
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Amy Sass
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Section of Adolescent Medicine, USA
| | - Rakesh D Mistry
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Section of Emergency Medicine, USA; Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Wang GS, Davies SD, Halmo LS, Sass A, Mistry RD. Impact of Marijuana Legalization in Colorado on Adolescent Emergency and Urgent Care Visits. J Adolesc Health 2018; 63:239-241. [PMID: 29609916 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2017.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Approximately 6%-8% of U.S. adolescents are daily/past-month users of marijuana. However, survey data may not reliably reflect the impact of legalization on adolescents. The objective was to evaluate the impact of marijuana legalization on adolescent emergency department and urgent cares visits to a children's hospital in Colorado, a state that has allowed both medical and recreational marijuana. METHODS Retrospective review of marijuana-related visits by International Classification of Diseases codes and urine drug screens, from 2005 through 2015, for patients ≥ 13 and < 21 years old. RESULTS From 2005 to 2015, 4,202 marijuana-related visits were identified. Behavioral health evaluation was obtained for 2,813 (67%); a psychiatric diagnosis was made for the majority (71%) of these visits. Coingestants were common; the most common was ethanol (12%). Marijuana-related visits increased from 1.8 per 1,000 visits in 2009 to 4.9 in 2015. (p = < .0001) CONCLUSIONS: Despite national survey data suggesting no appreciable difference in adolescent marijuana use, our data demonstrate a significant increase in adolescent marijuana-associated emergency department and urgent cares visits in Colorado.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Sam Wang
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; Section of Emergency Medicine, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado.
| | - Sara Deakyne Davies
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; Research Informatics, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Laurie Seidel Halmo
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Amy Sass
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; Section of Adolescent Medicine, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Rakesh D Mistry
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; Section of Emergency Medicine, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
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Guttmannova K, Kosterman R, White HR, Bailey JA, Lee JO, Epstein M, Jones TM, Hawkins JD. The association between regular marijuana use and adult mental health outcomes. Drug Alcohol Depend 2017; 179:109-116. [PMID: 28763778 PMCID: PMC5599346 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study is a prospective examination of the relationship between regular marijuana use from adolescence through young adulthood and mental health outcomes at age 33. METHODS Data came from a gender-balanced, ethnically diverse longitudinal panel of 808 participants from Seattle, Washington. Outcomes included symptom counts for six mental health disorders. Regular marijuana use was tracked during adolescence and young adulthood. Regression analyses controlled for demographics and early environment, behaviors, and individual risk factors. RESULTS Nonusers of marijuana reported fewer symptoms of alcohol use disorder, nicotine dependence, and generalized anxiety disorder than any category of marijuana users. More persistent regular marijuana use in young adulthood was positively related to more symptoms of cannabis use disorder, alcohol use disorder, and nicotine dependence at age 33. CONCLUSIONS Findings highlight the importance of avoiding regular marijuana use, especially chronic use in young adulthood. Comprehensive prevention and intervention efforts focusing on marijuana and other substance use might be particularly important in the context of recent legalization of recreational marijuana use in Washington and other U.S. states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Guttmannova
- Center for the Study of Health and Risk Behaviors, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Box 354944, Seattle, WA 98195-4944, USA.
| | - Rick Kosterman
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, 9725 3rd Ave NE, Suite 401, Seattle, WA 98115, USA.
| | - Helene R White
- Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers - The State University of New Jersey, 607 Allison Rd., Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
| | - Jennifer A Bailey
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, 9725 3rd Ave NE, Suite 401, Seattle, WA 98115, USA.
| | - Jungeun Olivia Lee
- School of Social Work, University of Southern California, 1150 S. Olive Street, Suite 1400, Los Angeles, CA 90015, USA.
| | - Marina Epstein
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, 9725 3rd Ave NE, Suite 401, Seattle, WA 98115, USA.
| | - Tiffany M Jones
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, 9725 3rd Ave NE, Suite 401, Seattle, WA 98115, USA.
| | - J David Hawkins
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, 9725 3rd Ave NE, Suite 401, Seattle, WA 98115, USA.
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