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Kaushik P, Mittal V, Kaushik D. Formulation development, optimization, and evaluation of taste-masked medicated chewing gum of sertraline. Ther Deliv 2025:1-16. [PMID: 40396892 DOI: 10.1080/20415990.2025.2508685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2025] [Indexed: 05/22/2025] Open
Abstract
AIM The present study focused on the development of taste-masked medicated chewing gums loaded with Sertraline- cyclodextrin Inclusion Complex to enhance patient compliance and palatability. METHOD The inclusion complexes were prepared by kneading method and underwent evaluations utilizing analytical techniques and in-vitro taste evaluation using E-Tongue. The inclusion complex was then impregnated into medicated chewing gums using directly compressible gum-based Health in Gum® employing Central Composite Design. The gums were assessed for weight variation, drug content (%), hardness, in-vitro-dissolution studies etc. Next, ex-vivo buccal permeation, stability testing, and Texture Profile Analysis were conducted on the optimized chewing gum batch. RESULTS The results of E-Tongue showed the credibility of the cyclodextrin in taste masking of bitter actives. The optimized formulation of chewing gum demonstrated 4.1 ± 0.88 kg/cm2 of hardness and 80.6 ± 0.65% drug release. Ex-vivo investigations showed a significant amount of drug permeation. The amount of plasticizer and gum base used impacted the hardness and release of the drug in - vitro as demonstrated by Design of Experiments. CONCLUSION The outcomes showed that taste-masked medicated chewing gum would be a superior choice to traditional tablet formulation with improved drug release, and palatability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prerna Kaushik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, M.D. University, Rohtak, India
| | - Vineet Mittal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, M.D. University, Rohtak, India
| | - Deepak Kaushik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, M.D. University, Rohtak, India
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Commey KL, Enaka A, Nakamura R, Yamamoto A, Tsukigawa K, Nishi K, Otagiri M, Yamasaki K. 7-Phenylheptanoic Acid-Hydroxypropyl β-Cyclodextrin Complex Slows the Progression of Renal Failure in Adenine-Induced Chronic Kidney Disease Mice. Toxins (Basel) 2024; 16:316. [PMID: 39057956 PMCID: PMC11281668 DOI: 10.3390/toxins16070316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The characteristic accumulation of circulating uremic toxins, such as indoxyl sulfate (IS), in chronic kidney disease (CKD) further exacerbates the disease progression. The gut microbiota, particularly gut bacterial-specific enzymes, represents a selective and attractive target for suppressing uremic toxin production and slowing the progression of renal failure. This study investigates the role of 4-phenylbutyrate (PB) and structurally related compounds, which are speculated to possess renoprotective properties in suppressing IS production and slowing or reversing renal failure in CKD. In vitro enzyme kinetic studies showed that 7-phenylheptanoic acid (PH), a PB homologue, suppresses the tryptophan indole lyase (TIL)-catalyzed decomposition of tryptophan to indole, the precursor of IS. A hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) inclusion complex formulation of PH was prepared to enhance its biopharmaceutical properties and to facilitate in vivo evaluation. Prophylactic oral administration of the PH-HPβCD complex formulation reduced circulating IS and attenuated the deterioration of renal function and tubulointerstitial fibrosis in adenine-induced CKD mice. Additionally, treatment of moderately advanced adenine-induced CKD mice with the formulation ameliorated renal failure, although tissue fibrosis was not improved. These findings suggest that PH-HPβCD can slow the progression of renal failure and may have implications for preventing or managing CKD, particularly in early-stage disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kindness Lomotey Commey
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan; (K.L.C.); (A.E.); (R.N.); (A.Y.); (K.T.); (K.N.); (M.O.)
- DDS Research Institute, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Airi Enaka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan; (K.L.C.); (A.E.); (R.N.); (A.Y.); (K.T.); (K.N.); (M.O.)
| | - Ryota Nakamura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan; (K.L.C.); (A.E.); (R.N.); (A.Y.); (K.T.); (K.N.); (M.O.)
| | - Asami Yamamoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan; (K.L.C.); (A.E.); (R.N.); (A.Y.); (K.T.); (K.N.); (M.O.)
| | - Kenji Tsukigawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan; (K.L.C.); (A.E.); (R.N.); (A.Y.); (K.T.); (K.N.); (M.O.)
- DDS Research Institute, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Koji Nishi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan; (K.L.C.); (A.E.); (R.N.); (A.Y.); (K.T.); (K.N.); (M.O.)
- DDS Research Institute, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Masaki Otagiri
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan; (K.L.C.); (A.E.); (R.N.); (A.Y.); (K.T.); (K.N.); (M.O.)
- DDS Research Institute, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Keishi Yamasaki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan; (K.L.C.); (A.E.); (R.N.); (A.Y.); (K.T.); (K.N.); (M.O.)
- DDS Research Institute, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
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Commey KL, Enaka A, Nakamura R, Yamamoto A, Tsukigawa K, Nishi K, Iohara D, Hirayama F, Otagiri M, Yamasaki K. Development of α-Cyclodextrin-Based Orally Disintegrating Tablets for 4-Phenylbutyrate. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:82. [PMID: 38258093 PMCID: PMC10818935 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16010082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite major improvements brought about by the introduction of taste-masked formulations of 4-phenylbutyrate (PB), poor compliance remains a significant drawback to treatment for some pediatric and dysphagic patients with urea cycle disorders (UCDs). This study reports on the development of a cyclodextrin (CD)-based orally disintegrating tablet (ODT) formulation for PB as an alternative to existing formulations. This is based on previous reports of the PB taste-masking potential of CDs and the suitability of ODTs for improving compliance in pediatric and dysphagic populations. In preliminary studies, the interactions of PB with α and βCD in the solid state were characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, dissolution, and accelerated stability studies. Based on these studies, lyophilized PB-CD solid systems were formulated into ODTs after wet granulation. Evaluation of the ODTs showed that they had adequate physical characteristics, including hardness and friability and good storage stability. Notably, the developed αCD-based ODT for PB had a disintegration time of 28 s and achieved a slightly acidic and agreeable pH (≈5.5) in solution, which is suitable for effective PB-CD complexation and taste masking. The developed formulation could be helpful as an alternative to existing PB formulations, especially for pediatric and dysphagic UCD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kindness L. Commey
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan; (K.L.C.); (A.E.); (R.N.); (A.Y.); (K.T.); (K.N.); (D.I.); (F.H.)
- DDS Research Institute, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Airi Enaka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan; (K.L.C.); (A.E.); (R.N.); (A.Y.); (K.T.); (K.N.); (D.I.); (F.H.)
| | - Ryota Nakamura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan; (K.L.C.); (A.E.); (R.N.); (A.Y.); (K.T.); (K.N.); (D.I.); (F.H.)
| | - Asami Yamamoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan; (K.L.C.); (A.E.); (R.N.); (A.Y.); (K.T.); (K.N.); (D.I.); (F.H.)
| | - Kenji Tsukigawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan; (K.L.C.); (A.E.); (R.N.); (A.Y.); (K.T.); (K.N.); (D.I.); (F.H.)
- DDS Research Institute, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Koji Nishi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan; (K.L.C.); (A.E.); (R.N.); (A.Y.); (K.T.); (K.N.); (D.I.); (F.H.)
- DDS Research Institute, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Daisuke Iohara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan; (K.L.C.); (A.E.); (R.N.); (A.Y.); (K.T.); (K.N.); (D.I.); (F.H.)
- DDS Research Institute, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Fumitoshi Hirayama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan; (K.L.C.); (A.E.); (R.N.); (A.Y.); (K.T.); (K.N.); (D.I.); (F.H.)
- DDS Research Institute, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Masaki Otagiri
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan; (K.L.C.); (A.E.); (R.N.); (A.Y.); (K.T.); (K.N.); (D.I.); (F.H.)
- DDS Research Institute, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Keishi Yamasaki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan; (K.L.C.); (A.E.); (R.N.); (A.Y.); (K.T.); (K.N.); (D.I.); (F.H.)
- DDS Research Institute, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
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Commey KL, Nakatake A, Enaka A, Nakamura R, Nishi K, Tsukigawa K, Ikeda H, Yamaguchi K, Iohara D, Hirayama F, Yamasaki K, Otagiri M. Study of the Structural Chemistry of the Inclusion Complexation of 4-Phenylbutyrate and Related Compounds with Cyclodextrins in Solution: Differences in Inclusion Mode with Cavity Size Dependency. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15091. [PMID: 37894771 PMCID: PMC10606765 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
4-phenylbutyrate (PB) and structurally related compounds hold promise for treating many diseases, including cancers. However, pharmaceutical limitations, such as an unpleasant taste or poor aqueous solubility, impede their evaluation and clinical use. This study explores cyclodextrin (CD) complexation as a strategy to address these limitations. The structural chemistry of the CD complexes of these compounds was analyzed using phase solubility, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic techniques, and molecular modeling to inform the choice of CD for such application. The study revealed that PB and its shorter-chain derivative form 1:1 αCD complexes, while the longer-chain derivatives form 1:2 (guest:host) complexes. αCD includes the alkyl chain of the shorter-chain compounds, depositing the phenyl ring around its secondary rim, whereas two αCD molecules sandwich the phenyl ring in a secondary-to-secondary rim orientation for the longer-chain derivatives. βCD includes each compound to form 1:1 complexes, with their alkyl chains bent to varying degrees within the CD cavity. γCD includes two molecules of each compound to form 2:1 complexes, with both parallel and antiparallel orientations plausible. The study found that αCD is more suitable for overcoming the pharmaceutical drawbacks of PB and its shorter-chain derivative, while βCD is better for the longer-chain derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kindness L. Commey
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan; (K.L.C.); (A.N.); (A.E.); (R.N.); (K.N.); (K.T.); (K.Y.); (D.I.); (F.H.)
| | - Akari Nakatake
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan; (K.L.C.); (A.N.); (A.E.); (R.N.); (K.N.); (K.T.); (K.Y.); (D.I.); (F.H.)
| | - Airi Enaka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan; (K.L.C.); (A.N.); (A.E.); (R.N.); (K.N.); (K.T.); (K.Y.); (D.I.); (F.H.)
| | - Ryota Nakamura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan; (K.L.C.); (A.N.); (A.E.); (R.N.); (K.N.); (K.T.); (K.Y.); (D.I.); (F.H.)
| | - Koji Nishi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan; (K.L.C.); (A.N.); (A.E.); (R.N.); (K.N.); (K.T.); (K.Y.); (D.I.); (F.H.)
- DDS Research Institute, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Kenji Tsukigawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan; (K.L.C.); (A.N.); (A.E.); (R.N.); (K.N.); (K.T.); (K.Y.); (D.I.); (F.H.)
- DDS Research Institute, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Hirohito Ikeda
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan;
| | - Koki Yamaguchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan; (K.L.C.); (A.N.); (A.E.); (R.N.); (K.N.); (K.T.); (K.Y.); (D.I.); (F.H.)
- DDS Research Institute, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Daisuke Iohara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan; (K.L.C.); (A.N.); (A.E.); (R.N.); (K.N.); (K.T.); (K.Y.); (D.I.); (F.H.)
- DDS Research Institute, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Fumitoshi Hirayama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan; (K.L.C.); (A.N.); (A.E.); (R.N.); (K.N.); (K.T.); (K.Y.); (D.I.); (F.H.)
- DDS Research Institute, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Keishi Yamasaki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan; (K.L.C.); (A.N.); (A.E.); (R.N.); (K.N.); (K.T.); (K.Y.); (D.I.); (F.H.)
- DDS Research Institute, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Masaki Otagiri
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan; (K.L.C.); (A.N.); (A.E.); (R.N.); (K.N.); (K.T.); (K.Y.); (D.I.); (F.H.)
- DDS Research Institute, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
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Adamkiewicz L, Szeleszczuk Ł. Review of Applications of Cyclodextrins as Taste-Masking Excipients for Pharmaceutical Purposes. Molecules 2023; 28:6964. [PMID: 37836807 PMCID: PMC10574773 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28196964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
It is widely recognized that many active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) have a disagreeable taste that affects patient acceptability, particularly in children. Consequently, developing dosage forms with a masked taste has attracted a lot of interest. The application of cyclodextrins as pharmaceutical excipients is highly appreciated and well established, including their roles as drug delivery systems, solubilizers and absorption promoters, agents that improve drug stability, or even APIs. The first work describing the application of the taste-masking properties of CDs as pharmaceutical excipients was published in 2001. Since then, numerous studies have shown that these cyclic oligosaccharides can be effectively used for such purposes. Therefore, the aim of this review is to provide insight into studies in this area. To achieve this aim, a systematic evaluation was conducted, which resulted in the selection of 67 works representing both successful and unsuccessful works describing the application of CDs as taste-masking excipients. Particular attention has been given to the methods of evaluation of the taste-masking properties and the factors affecting the outcomes, such as the choice of the proper cyclodextrin or guest-host molar ratio. The conclusions of this review reveal that the application of CDs is not straightforward; nevertheless, this solution can be an effective, safe, and inexpensive method of taste masking for pharmaceutical purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Łukasz Szeleszczuk
- Department of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland;
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Sarabia-Vallejo Á, Caja MDM, Olives AI, Martín MA, Menéndez JC. Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes for Improved Drug Bioavailability and Activity: Synthetic and Analytical Aspects. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2345. [PMID: 37765313 PMCID: PMC10534465 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15092345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Many active pharmaceutical ingredients show low oral bioavailability due to factors such as poor solubility and physical and chemical instability. The formation of inclusion complexes with cyclodextrins, as well as cyclodextrin-based polymers, nanosponges, and nanofibers, is a valuable tool to improve the oral bioavailability of many drugs. The microencapsulation process modifies key properties of the included drugs including volatility, dissolution rate, bioavailability, and bioactivity. In this context, we present relevant examples of the stabilization of labile drugs through the encapsulation in cyclodextrins. The formation of inclusion complexes with drugs belonging to class IV in the biopharmaceutical classification system as an effective solution to increase their bioavailability is also discussed. The stabilization and improvement in nutraceuticals used as food supplements, which often have low intestinal absorption due to their poor solubility, is also considered. Cyclodextrin-based nanofibers, which are polymer-free and can be generated using environmentally friendly technologies, lead to dramatic bioavailability enhancements. The synthesis of chemically modified cyclodextrins, polymers, and nanosponges based on cyclodextrins is discussed. Analytical techniques that allow the characterization and verification of the formation of true inclusion complexes are also considered, taking into account the differences in the procedures for the formation of inclusion complexes in solution and in the solid state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Sarabia-Vallejo
- Unidad de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - María del Mar Caja
- Unidad de Química Analítica, Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Ana I. Olives
- Unidad de Química Analítica, Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - M. Antonia Martín
- Unidad de Química Analítica, Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - J. Carlos Menéndez
- Unidad de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
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