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Jin W, Cheng L, Liu C, Liu H, Jiao Q, Wang H, Deng Z, Seth CS, Guo H, Shi Y. Cadmium negatively affects the growth and physiological status and the alleviation effects by exogenous selenium in silage maize (Zea mays L.). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:21646-21658. [PMID: 38396179 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32557-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Increasing soil cadmium (Cd) contamination is a serious threat to human food health and safety. In order to reduce Cd uptake and Cd toxicity in silage maize, hydroponic tests were conducted to investigate the effect of exogenous Cd on the toxicity of silage maize in this study. In the study, a combination of Cd (5, 20, 50, 80, and 10 μM) treatments was applied in a hydroponic system. With increasing Cd concentration, Cd significantly inhibited the total root length (RL), root surface area (SA), root volume (RV), root tip number (RT), and branching number (RF) of maize seedlings, which were reduced by 28.1 to 71.3%, 20.2 to 64.9%, 11.2 to 56.5%, 43.7 to 63.4%, and 38.2 to 72.6%, respectively. The excessive Cd accumulation inhibited biomass accumulation and reduced silage maize growth, photosynthesis, and chlorophyll content and activated the antioxidant systems, including increasing lipid peroxidation and stimulating catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD), but reduced the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) in the root. Besides, selenium (Se) significantly decreased the Cd concentration of the shoot and root by 27.1% and 35.1% under Cd50, respectively. Our results reveal that exogenously applied Cd reduced silage maize growth and impaired photosynthesis. Whereas silage maize can tolerate Cd by increasing the concentration of ascorbate and glutathione and activating the antioxidant defense system, the application of exogenous selenium significantly reduced the content of Cd in silage maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihuan Jin
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Lan Cheng
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Chunyan Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Haitao Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| | - Qiujuan Jiao
- College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Haoyang Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Zhaolong Deng
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | | | - Hongxiang Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Yong Shi
- College of Agronomy, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
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Donnelly CP, De Sousa A, Cuypers B, Laukens K, Al-Huqail AA, Asard H, Beemster GTS, AbdElgawad H. Malate production, sugar metabolism, and redox homeostasis in the leaf growth zone of Rye (Secale cereale) increase stress tolerance to aluminum stress: A biochemical and genome-wide transcriptional study. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 464:132956. [PMID: 37976853 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Global soil acidification is increasing, enlarging aluminum (Al) availability in soils, leading to reductions in plant growth. This study investigates the effect of Al stress on the leaf growth zones of Rye (Secale cereale, cv Beira). Kinematic analysis showed that the effect of Al on leaf growth rates was mainly due to a reduced cell production rate in the meristem. Transcriptomic analysis identified 2272 significantly (log2fold > |0.5| FDR < 0.05) differentially expressed genes (DEGs) for Al stress. There was a downregulation in several DEGs associated with photosynthetic processes and an upregulation in genes for heat/light response, and H2O2 production in all leaf zones. DEGs associated with heavy metals and malate transport were increased, particularly, in the meristem. To determine the putative function of these processes in Al tolerance, we performed biochemical analyses comparing the tolerant Beira with an Al sensitive variant RioDeva. Beira showed improved sugar metabolism and redox homeostasis, specifically in the meristem compared to RioDeva. Similarly, a significant increase in malate and citrate production, which are known to aid in Al detoxification in plants, was found in Beira. This suggests that Al tolerance in Rye is linked to its ability for Al exclusion from the leaf meristem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chase P Donnelly
- ADReM Data Lab, Department of Computer Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2020, Belgium
| | - Alexandra De Sousa
- Laboratory for Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research (IMPRES), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2020, Belgium
| | - Bart Cuypers
- ADReM Data Lab, Department of Computer Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2020, Belgium
| | - Kris Laukens
- ADReM Data Lab, Department of Computer Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2020, Belgium
| | - Asma A Al-Huqail
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Han Asard
- Laboratory for Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research (IMPRES), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2020, Belgium
| | - Gerrit T S Beemster
- Laboratory for Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research (IMPRES), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2020, Belgium
| | - Hamada AbdElgawad
- Laboratory for Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research (IMPRES), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2020, Belgium; Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt.
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Jiang W, Chen R, Lyu J, Qin L, Wang G, Chen X, Wang Y, Yin C, Mao Z. Remediation of the microecological environment of heavy metal-contaminated soil with fulvic acid, improves the quality and yield of apple. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 460:132399. [PMID: 37647659 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The excessive application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in apple orchards is responsible for high levels of manganese and copper in soil, and this poses a serious threat to soil health. We conducted a three-year field experiment to study the remediation effect and mechanism of fulvic acid on soil with excess manganese and copper. The exogenous application of fulvic acid significantly reduced the content of manganese and copper in soil and plants; increased the content of calcium; promoted the growth of apple plants; improved the fruit quality and yield of apple; increased the content of chlorophyll; increased the activity of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase; and reduced the content of malondialdehyde. The number of soil culturable microorganisms, soil enzyme activity, soil microbial community diversity, and relative abundance of functional bacteria were increased, and the detoxification of the glutathione metabolism function was enhanced. The results of this study provide new insights that will aid the remediation of soil with excess manganese and copper using fulvic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weitao Jiang
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China; Apple Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Ran Chen
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China; Apple Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Jinhui Lyu
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China; Apple Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Lei Qin
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China; Apple Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Gongshuai Wang
- College of Forestry Engineering Shandong Agriculture and Engineering University, Ji'nan, Shandong 250000, PR China
| | - Xuesen Chen
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China; Apple Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Yanfang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Material Science Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Chengmiao Yin
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China; Apple Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China.
| | - Zhiquan Mao
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China; Apple Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China.
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El-Shafey NM, Avramova V, Beemster GTS, Korany SM, AbdElgawad H. B 2 O 3 nanoparticles alleviate salt stress in maize leaf growth zones by enhancing photosynthesis and maintaining mineral and redox status. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e14033. [PMID: 37882299 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress induces significant loss in crop yield worldwide. Although the growth-stimulating effects of micronutrient nanoparticles (NPs) application under salinity have been studied, the molecular and biochemical mechanisms underlying these effects are poorly understood. The large size of maize leaf growth zones provides an ideal model system to sample and investigate the molecular and physiological bases of growth at subzonal resolution. Using kinematic analysis, our study indicated that salinity at 150 mM inhibited maize leaf growth by decreasing cell division and expansion in the meristem and elongation zones. Consistently, salinity downregulated cell cycle gene expression (wee1, mcm4, and cyclin-B2-4). B2 O3 NP (BNP) mitigated the stress-induced growth inhibition by reducing the decrease in cell division and expansion. BNP also enhanced the photosynthesis-related parameters. Simultaneously, chlorophyll, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase were stimulated in the mature zone. Concomitant with growth stimulation by BNP, mineral homeostasis, particularly for B and Ca, was monitored. BNP reduced oxidative stress (e.g., lessened H2 O2 generation along the leaf zones and reduced lipid peroxidation in the mature zone) induced by salinity. This resulted from better maintenance of the redox status, that is, increased the glutathione-ascorbate cycle in the meristem and elongation zones, and flavonoids and tocopherol levels in the mature zone. Our study has important implications for assessing the salinity stress impact mitigated by BNP on maize growth, providing a basis to improve the resilience of crop species under salinity stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Mohamed El-Shafey
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Viktoriya Avramova
- Department of Biology, Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research (IMPRES), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Gerrit T S Beemster
- Department of Biology, Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research (IMPRES), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Shereen Magdy Korany
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamada AbdElgawad
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
- Department of Biology, Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research (IMPRES), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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Huybrechts M, Hendrix S, Kyndt T, Demeestere K, Vandamme D, Cuypers A. Short-term effects of cadmium on leaf growth and nutrient transport in rice plants. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 313:111054. [PMID: 34763852 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.111054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Consumption of rice grains contaminated with high concentrations of cadmium (Cd) can cause serious long-term health problems. Moreover, even low Cd concentrations present in the soil can result in the abatement of plant performance, leading to lower grain yield. Studies examining the molecular basis of plant defense against Cd-induced oxidative stress could pave the way in creating superior rice varieties that display an optimal antioxidative defense system to cope with Cd toxicity. In this study, we showed that after one day of Cd exposure, hydroponically grown rice plants exhibited adverse shoot biomass and leaf growth effects. Cadmium accumulates especially in the roots and the leaf meristematic region, leading to a disturbance of manganese homeostasis in both the roots and leaves. The leaf growth zone showed an increased amount of lipid peroxidation indicating that Cd exposure disturbed the oxidative balance. We propose that an increased expression of genes related to the glutathione metabolism such as glutathione synthetase 2, glutathione reductase and phytochelatin synthase 2, rather than genes encoding for antioxidant enzymes, is important in combating early Cd toxicity within the leaves of rice plants. Furthermore, the upregulation of two RESPIRATORY BURST OXIDASE HOMOLOG genes together with a Cd concentration-dependent increase of abscisic acid might cause stomatal closure or cell wall modification, potentially leading to the observed leaf growth reduction. Whereas abscisic acid was also elevated at long term exposure, a decrease of the growth hormone auxin might further contribute to growth inhibition and concomitantly, an increase in salicylic acid might stimulate the activity of antioxidative enzymes after a longer period of Cd exposure. In conclusion, a clear interplay between phytohormones and the oxidative challenge affect plant growth and acclimation during exposure to Cd stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiel Huybrechts
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, B-3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Sophie Hendrix
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, B-3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Tina Kyndt
- Department Biotechnology, Ghent University, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kristof Demeestere
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Research Group EnVOC, Ghent University, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dries Vandamme
- Applied and Analytical Chemistry, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, B-3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Ann Cuypers
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, B-3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
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Mahmoud A, AbdElgawad H, Hamed BA, Beemster GT, El-Shafey NM. Differences in Cadmium Accumulation, Detoxification and Antioxidant Defenses between Contrasting Maize Cultivars Implicate a Role of Superoxide Dismutase in Cd Tolerance. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1812. [PMID: 34829683 PMCID: PMC8614887 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd), a readily absorbed and translocated toxic heavy metal, inhibits plant growth, interrupts metabolic homeostasis and induces oxidative damage. Responses towards Cd-stress differ among plant cultivars, and the complex integrated relationships between Cd accumulation, detoxification mechanisms and antioxidant defenses still need to be unraveled. To this end, 12 Egyptian maize cultivars were grown under Cd-stress to test their Cd-stress tolerance. Out of these cultivars, tolerant (TWC360 and TWC321), moderately sensitive (TWC324) and sensitive (SC128) cultivars were selected, and we determined their response to Cd in terms of biomass, Cd accumulation and antioxidant defense system. The reduction in biomass was highly obvious in sensitive cultivars, while TWC360 and TWC321 showed high Cd-tolerance. The cultivar TWC321 showed lower Cd uptake concurrently with an enhanced antioxidant defense system. Interestingly, TWC360 accumulated more Cd in the shoot, accompanied with increased Cd detoxification and sequestration. A principal component analysis revealed a clear separation between the sensitive and tolerant cultivars with significance of the antioxidant defenses, including superoxide dismutase (SOD). To confirm the involvement of SOD in Cd-tolerance, we studied the effect of Cd-stress on a transgenic maize line (TG) constitutively overexpressing AtFeSOD gene in comparison to its wild type (WT). Compared to their WT, the TG plants showed less Cd accumulation and improved growth, physiology, antioxidant and detoxification systems. These results demonstrate the role of SOD in determining Cd-tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Mahmoud
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt; (A.M.); (H.A.); (B.A.H.)
| | - Hamada AbdElgawad
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt; (A.M.); (H.A.); (B.A.H.)
| | - Badreldin A. Hamed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt; (A.M.); (H.A.); (B.A.H.)
| | - Gerrit T.S. Beemster
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research (IMPRES), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium;
| | - Nadia M. El-Shafey
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt; (A.M.); (H.A.); (B.A.H.)
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Kintlová M, Vrána J, Hobza R, Blavet N, Hudzieczek V. Transcriptome Response to Cadmium Exposure in Barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:629089. [PMID: 34335638 PMCID: PMC8321094 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.629089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium is an environmental pollutant with high toxicity that negatively affects plant growth and development. To understand the molecular mechanisms of plant response to cadmium stress, we have performed a genome-wide transcriptome analysis on barley plants treated with an increased concentration of cadmium. Differential gene expression analysis revealed 10,282 deregulated transcripts present in the roots and 7,104 in the shoots. Among them, we identified genes related to reactive oxygen species metabolism, cell wall formation and maintenance, ion membrane transport and stress response. One of the most upregulated genes was PLANT CADMIUM RESISTACE 2 (HvPCR2) known to be responsible for heavy metal detoxification in plants. Surprisingly, in the transcriptomic data we identified four different copies of the HvPCR2 gene with a specific pattern of upregulation in individual tissues. Heterologous expression of all five barley copies in a Cd-sensitive yeast mutant restored cadmium resistance. In addition, four HvPCR2 were located in tandem arrangement in a single genomic region of the barley 5H chromosome. To our knowledge, this is the first example showing multiplication of the PCR2 gene in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Kintlová
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Jan Vrána
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Roman Hobza
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany, Olomouc, Czechia
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Brno, Czechia
| | - Nicolas Blavet
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany, Olomouc, Czechia
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Brno, Czechia
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Feng X, Liu L, Li Z, Sun F, Wu X, Hao D, Hao H, Jing HC. Potential interaction between autophagy and auxin during maize leaf senescence. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:3554-3568. [PMID: 33684202 PMCID: PMC8446287 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Leaf senescence is important for crop yield as delaying it can increase the average yield. In this study, population genetics and transcriptomic profiling were combined to dissect its genetic basis in maize. To do this, the progenies of an elite maize hybrid Jidan27 and its parental lines Si-287 (early senescence) and Si-144 (stay-green), as well as 173 maize inbred lines were used. We identified two novel loci and their candidate genes, Stg3 (ZmATG18b) and Stg7 (ZmGH3.8), which are predicted to be members of autophagy and auxin pathways, respectively. Genomic variations in the promoter regions of these two genes were detected, and four allelic combinations existed in the examined maize inbred lines. The Stg3Si-144/Stg7Si-144 allelic combination with lower ZmATG18b expression and higher ZmGH3.8 expression could distinctively delay leaf senescence, increase ear weight and the improved hybrid of NIL-Stg3Si-144/Stg7Si-144 × Si-144 significantly reduced ear weight loss under drought stress, while opposite effects were observed in the Stg3Si-287/Stg7Si-287 combination with a higher ZmATG18b expression and lower ZmGH3.8 expression. Thus, we identify a potential interaction between autophagy and auxin which could modulate the timing of maize leaf senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Feng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lili Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhigang Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Fang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Dongyun Hao
- Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130124, China
| | - Huaiqing Hao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- Correspondence: or
| | - Hai-Chun Jing
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Engineering Laboratory for Grass-based Livestock Husbandry, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- Correspondence: or
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Bertels J, Beemster GT. leafkin-An R package for automated kinematic data analysis of monocot leaves. QUANTITATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 1:e2. [PMID: 37077328 PMCID: PMC10095969 DOI: 10.1017/qpb.2020.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Growth is one of the most studied plant responses. At the cellular level, plant growth is driven by cell division and cell expansion. A means to quantify these two cellular processes is through kinematic analysis, a methodology that has been developed and perfected over the past decades, with in-depth descriptions of the methodology available. Unfortunately, after performing the lab work, researchers are required to perform time-consuming, repetitive and error-prone calculations. To lower the barrier towards this final step in the analysis and to aid researchers currently applying this technique, we have created leafkin, an R-package to perform all the calculations involved in the kinematic analysis of monocot leaves using only four functions. These functions support leaf elongation rate calculations, fitting of cell length profiles, extraction of fitted cell lengths and execution of kinematic equations. With the leafkin package, kinematic analysis of monocot leaves becomes more accessible than before.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Bertels
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research Group (IMPRES), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Gerrit T.S. Beemster
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research Group (IMPRES), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Author for correspondence: Gerrit T. S. Beemster, E-mail:
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