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Shen Y, Mao L, Zhou Y, Sun Y, Lv J, Deng M, Liu Z, Yang B. Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Key Genes Involved in Trichome Formation in Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1090. [PMID: 38674502 PMCID: PMC11054266 DOI: 10.3390/plants13081090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Trichomes are specialized organs located in the plant epidermis that play important defense roles against biotic and abiotic stresses. However, the mechanisms regulating the development of pepper epidermal trichomes and the related regulatory genes at the molecular level are not clear. Therefore, we performed transcriptome analyses of A114 (less trichome) and A115 (more trichome) to dig deeper into the genes involved in the regulatory mechanisms of epidermal trichome development in peppers. In this study, the epidermal trichome density of A115 was found to be higher by phenotypic observation and was highest in the leaves at the flowering stage. A total of 39,261 genes were quantified by RNA-Seq, including 11,939 genes not annotated in the previous genome analysis and 18,833 differentially expressed genes. Based on KEGG functional enrichment, it was found that DEGs were mainly concentrated in three pathways: plant-pathogen interaction, MAPK signaling pathway-plant, and plant hormone signal transduction. We further screened the DEGs associated with the development of epidermal trichomes in peppers, and the expression of the plant signaling genes GID1B-like (Capana03g003488) and PR-6 (Capana09g001847), the transcription factors MYB108 (Capana05g002225) and ABR1-like (Capana04g001261), and the plant resistance genes PGIP-like (Capana09g002077) and At5g49770 (Capana08g001721) in the DEGs were higher at A115 compared to A114, and were highly expressed in leaves at the flowering stage. In addition, based on the WGCNA results and the establishment of co-expression networks showed that the above genes were highly positively correlated with each other. The transcriptomic data and analysis of this study provide a basis for the study of the regulatory mechanisms of pepper epidermal trichomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyu Shen
- Engineering Research Center of Education Ministry for Germplasm Innovation and Breeding New Varieties of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Y.S.); (L.M.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.)
| | - Lianzhen Mao
- Engineering Research Center of Education Ministry for Germplasm Innovation and Breeding New Varieties of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Y.S.); (L.M.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yao Zhou
- Engineering Research Center of Education Ministry for Germplasm Innovation and Breeding New Varieties of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Y.S.); (L.M.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.)
| | - Ying Sun
- Engineering Research Center of Education Ministry for Germplasm Innovation and Breeding New Varieties of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Y.S.); (L.M.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.)
| | - Junheng Lv
- College of Landscape and Horticulture, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (J.L.); (M.D.)
| | - Minghua Deng
- College of Landscape and Horticulture, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (J.L.); (M.D.)
| | - Zhoubin Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Education Ministry for Germplasm Innovation and Breeding New Varieties of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Y.S.); (L.M.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.)
| | - Bozhi Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Education Ministry for Germplasm Innovation and Breeding New Varieties of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Y.S.); (L.M.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.)
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Garg R, Mahato H, Choudhury U, Thakur RS, Debnath P, Ansari NG, Sane VA, Sane AP. The tomato EAR-motif repressor, SlERF36, accelerates growth transitions and reduces plant life cycle by regulating GA levels and responses. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2024; 22:848-862. [PMID: 38127946 PMCID: PMC10955490 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Faster vegetative growth and early maturity/harvest reduce plant life cycle time and are important agricultural traits facilitating early crop rotation. GA is a key hormone governing developmental transitions that determine growth speed in plants. An EAR-motif repressor, SlERF36 that regulates various growth transitions, partly through regulation of the GA pathway and GA levels, was identified in tomato. Suppression of SlERF36 delayed germination, slowed down organ growth and delayed the onset of flowering time, fruit harvest and whole-plant senescence by 10-15 days. Its over-expression promoted faster growth by accelerating all these transitions besides increasing organ expansion and plant height substantially. The plant life cycle and fruit harvest were completed 20-30 days earlier than control without affecting yield, in glasshouse as well as net-house conditions, across seasons and generations. These changes in life cycle were associated with reciprocal changes in expression of GA pathway genes and basal GA levels between suppression and over-expression lines. SlERF36 interacted with the promoters of two GA2 oxidase genes, SlGA2ox3 and SlGA2ox4, and the DELLA gene, SlDELLA, reducing their transcription and causing a 3-5-fold increase in basal GA3/GA4 levels. Its suppression increased SlGA2ox3/4 transcript levels and reduced GA3/GA4 levels by 30%-50%. SlERF36 is conserved across families making it an important candidate in agricultural and horticultural crops for manipulation of plant growth and developmental transitions to reduce life cycles for faster harvest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Garg
- Plant Gene Expression LabCSIR‐National Botanical Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research)LucknowIndia
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)GhaziabadIndia
| | - Hrishikesh Mahato
- Plant Gene Expression LabCSIR‐National Botanical Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research)LucknowIndia
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)GhaziabadIndia
| | - Upasana Choudhury
- Plant Gene Expression LabCSIR‐National Botanical Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research)LucknowIndia
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)GhaziabadIndia
| | - Ravindra S. Thakur
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)GhaziabadIndia
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology GroupCSIR‐Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR‐IITR)LucknowIndia
| | - Pratima Debnath
- Plant Gene Expression LabCSIR‐National Botanical Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research)LucknowIndia
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)GhaziabadIndia
| | - Nasreen G. Ansari
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)GhaziabadIndia
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology GroupCSIR‐Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR‐IITR)LucknowIndia
| | - Vidhu A. Sane
- Plant Gene Expression LabCSIR‐National Botanical Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research)LucknowIndia
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)GhaziabadIndia
| | - Aniruddha P. Sane
- Plant Gene Expression LabCSIR‐National Botanical Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research)LucknowIndia
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)GhaziabadIndia
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Tang N, Cao Z, Wu P, Liu Y, Lou J, Hu Y, Sun X, Si S, Chen Z. Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals hormone, transcriptional and epigenetic regulation involved in prickle formation in Zanthoxylum armatum. Gene 2023; 871:147434. [PMID: 37068692 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Zanthoxylum armatum is an evergreen plant with high economical and medicinal values. The presence of prickles on stems and leaves is undesirable for them make picking difficult. To date, little is known of prickle formation in Z. armatum. Herein, the morphological and molecular features of prickle initiation in prickless (WC) and three types of prickly Z. armatum were characterized. Compared to WC, the levels of cytokinin and auxin were increased, while GA and JA declined in prickly Z. armatum. Transcriptome analysis identified 6258 differentially expressed genes (DEGs)between prickless and prickly Z. armatum. Among them, several DEGs related to hormone metabolism and signaling, including LOG7, CKX3, AHK1, three DELLAs, six JAZs and TIR1, were candidate genes involved in prickle formation. Transcription factors associated with prickle formation was screened, including MYB6-1/MYB6-2, WER, GL3-2, SPL4/5, SOC1, and SCL32. Of them, MYB6-1 and WER might negatively regulate prickles initiation via interacting with GL3-2. Additionally, the histone acetylation and DNA methylation levels, the transcripts of histone acetyltransferase/deacetylase and DNA methyltransferases showed significant differences between prickless and prickly plants, indicating their involvements in prickle initiation. These findings illustrate the regulation of prickle formation might be mediated by phytohormones (especially cytokinin), transcription factors and epigenetic modifications in Z. armatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Tang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China.
| | - Zhengyan Cao
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China.
| | - Peiyin Wu
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China.
| | - Yanni Liu
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Georges University, Chongqing 404100, China.
| | - Juan Lou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China.
| | - Yang Hu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China.
| | - Xiaofan Sun
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China.
| | - Shuo Si
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China.
| | - Zexiong Chen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China.
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Punja ZK, Sutton DB, Kim T. Glandular trichome development, morphology, and maturation are influenced by plant age and genotype in high THC-containing cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.) inflorescences. J Cannabis Res 2023; 5:12. [PMID: 37016398 PMCID: PMC10071647 DOI: 10.1186/s42238-023-00178-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glandular capitate trichomes which form on bract tissues of female inflorescences of high THC-containing Cannabis sativa L. plants are important sources of terpenes and cannabinoids. The influence of plant age and cannabis genotype on capitate trichome development, morphology, and maturation has not been extensively studied. Knowledge of the various developmental changes that occur in trichomes over time and the influence of genotype and plant age on distribution, numbers, and morphological features should lead to a better understanding of cannabis quality and consistency. METHODS Bract tissues of two genotypes-"Moby Dick" and "Space Queen"-were examined from 3 weeks to 8 weeks of flower development using light and scanning electron microscopy. Numbers of capitate trichomes on upper and lower bract surfaces were recorded at different positions within the inflorescence. Observations on distribution, extent of stalk formation, glandular head diameter, production of resin, and extent of dehiscence and senescence were made at various time points. The effects of post-harvesting handling and drying on trichome morphology were examined in an additional five genotypes. RESULTS Two glandular trichome types-bulbous and capitate (sessile or stalked)-were observed. Capitate trichome numbers and stalk length were significantly (P = 0.05) greater in "Space Queen" compared to "Moby Dick" at 3 and 6 weeks of flower development. Significantly more stalked-capitate trichomes were present on lower compared to upper bract surfaces at 6 weeks in both genotypes, while sessile-capitate trichomes predominated at 3 weeks. Epidermal and hypodermal cells elongated to different extents during stalk formation, producing significant variation in length (from 20 to 1100 μm). Glandular heads ranged from 40 to 110 μm in diameter. Maturation of stalked-capitate glandular heads was accompanied by a brown color development, reduced UV autofluorescence, and head senescence and dehiscence. Secreted resinous material from glandular heads appeared as droplets on the cuticular surface that caused many heads to stick together or collapse. Trichome morphology was affected by the drying process. CONCLUSION Capitate trichome numbers, development, and degree of maturation were influenced by cannabis genotype and plant age. The observations of trichome development indicate that asynchronous formation leads to different stages of trichome maturity on bracts. Trichome stalk lengths also varied between the two genotypes selected for study as well as over time. The variability in developmental stage and maturation between genotypes can potentially lead to variation in total cannabinoid levels in final product. Post-harvest handling and drying were shown to affect trichome morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zamir K Punja
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada.
| | - Darren B Sutton
- Department of Computing Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Tommy Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
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Gan Y, Liu Y, Yang S, Khan AR. TOE1/TOE2 Interacting with GIS to Control Trichome Development in Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076698. [PMID: 37047669 PMCID: PMC10095060 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Trichomes are common appendages originating and projecting from the epidermal cell layer of most terrestrial plants. They act as a first line of defense and protect plants against different types of adverse environmental factors. GL3/EGL3-GL1-TTG1 transcriptional activator complex and GIS family genes regulate trichome initiation through gibberellin (GA) signaling in Arabidopsis. Here, our novel findings show that TOE1/TOE2, which are involved in developmental timing, control the initiation of the main-stem inflorescence trichome in Arabidopsis. Phenotype analysis showed that the 35S:TOE1 transgenic line increases trichome density of the main-stem inflorescence in Arabidopsis, while 35S:miR172b, toe1, toe2 and toe1toe2 have the opposite phenotypes. Quantitative RT-PCR results showed that TOE1/TOE2 positively regulate the expression of GL3 and GL1. In addition, protein-protein interaction analysis experiments further demonstrated that TOE1/TOE2 interacting with GIS/GIS2/ZFP8 regulate trichome initiation in Arabidopsis. Furthermore, phenotype and expression analysis also demonstrated that TOE1 is involved in GA signaling to control trichome initiation in Arabidopsis. Taken together, our results suggest that TOE1/TOE2 interact with GIS to control trichome development in Arabidopsis. This report could provide valuable information for further study of the interaction of TOE1/TOE2 with GIS in controlling trichome development in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinbo Gan
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yihua Liu
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China
| | - Shuaiqi Yang
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Ali Raza Khan
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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Bernal-Gallardo JJ, Zuñiga-Mayo VM, Marsch-Martinez N, de Folter S. Novel Roles of SPATULA in the Control of Stomata and Trichome Number, and Anthocyanin Biosynthesis. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:596. [PMID: 36771679 PMCID: PMC9919660 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The bHLH transcription factor SPATULA (SPT) has been identified as a regulator during different stages of Arabidopsis development, including the control of leaf size. However, the mechanism via which it performs this function has not been elucidated. To better understand the role of SPT during leaf development, we used a transcriptomic approach to identify putative target genes. We found putative SPT target genes related to leaf development, and to stomata and trichome formation. Furthermore, genes related to anthocyanin biosynthesis. In this work, we demonstrate that SPT is a negative regulator of stomata number and a positive regulator of trichome number. In addition, SPT is required for sucrose-mediated anthocyanin biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Jazmin Bernal-Gallardo
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (UGA-Langebio), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Irapuato 36824, Mexico
| | - Victor M. Zuñiga-Mayo
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (UGA-Langebio), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Irapuato 36824, Mexico
- CONACYT, Instituto de Fitosanidad, Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Montecillo, Texcoco 56230, Mexico
| | - Nayelli Marsch-Martinez
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioquímica, Unidad Irapuato, CINVESTAV-IPN, Irapuato 36824, Mexico
| | - Stefan de Folter
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (UGA-Langebio), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Irapuato 36824, Mexico
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Jiao Y, Long Y, Xu K, Zhao F, Zhao J, Li S, Geng S, Gao W, Sun P, Deng X, Chen Q, Li C, Qu Y. Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis Reveals Hub Genes for Fuzz Development in Gossypium hirsutum. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:208. [PMID: 36672949 PMCID: PMC9858766 DOI: 10.3390/genes14010208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Fuzzless Gossypium hirsutum mutants are ideal materials for investigating cotton fiber initiation and development. In this study, we used the fuzzless G. hirsutum mutant Xinluzao 50 FLM as the research material and combined it with other fuzzless materials for verification by RNA sequencing to explore the gene expression patterns and differences between genes in upland cotton during the fuzz period. A gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis showed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were mainly enriched in the metabolic process, microtubule binding, and other pathways. A weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) showed that two modules of Xinluzao 50 and Xinluzao 50 FLM and four modules of CSS386 and Sicala V-2 were highly correlated with fuzz. We selected the hub gene with the highest KME value among the six modules and constructed an interaction network. In addition, we selected some genes with high KME values from the six modules that were highly associated with fuzz in the four materials and found 19 common differential genes produced by the four materials. These 19 genes are likely involved in the formation of fuzz in upland cotton. Several hub genes belong to the arabinogalactan protein and GDSL lipase, which play important roles in fiber development. According to the differences in expression level, 4 genes were selected from the 19 genes and tested for their expression level in some fuzzless materials. The modules, hub genes, and common genes identified in this study can provide new insights into the formation of fiber and fuzz, and provide a reference for molecular design breeding for the genetic improvement of cotton fiber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Jiao
- College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
| | - Yilei Long
- Institute of Cash Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China
| | - Kaixiang Xu
- College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
| | - Fuxiang Zhao
- Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Reclamation, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Jieyin Zhao
- College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
| | - Shengmei Li
- College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
| | - Shiwei Geng
- College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
| | - Wenju Gao
- College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
| | - Peng Sun
- Xinjiang Kuitun Agricultural and Rural Bureau, KuiTun 833200, China
| | - Xiaojuan Deng
- College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
| | - Quanjia Chen
- College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
| | - Chunpin Li
- Institute of Cash Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China
| | - Yanying Qu
- College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
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Fu S, Yang Y, Wang P, Ying Z, Xu W, Zhou Z. Comparative transcriptomic analysis of normal and abnormal in vitro flowers in Cymbidium nanulum Y. S. Wu et S. C. Chen identifies differentially expressed genes and candidate genes involved in flower formation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1007913. [PMID: 36352857 PMCID: PMC9638074 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1007913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
It is beneficial for breeding and boosting the flower value of ornamental plants such as orchids, which can take several years of growth before blooming. Over the past few years, in vitro flowering of Cymbidium nanulum Y. S. Wu et S. C. Chen has been successfully induced; nevertheless, the production of many abnormal flowers has considerably limited the efficiency of this technique. We carried out transcriptomic analysis between normal and abnormal in vitro flowers, each with four organs, to investigate key genes and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and to gain a comprehensive perspective on the formation of abnormal flowers. Thirty-six DEGs significantly enriched in plant hormone signal transduction, and photosynthesis-antenna proteins pathways were identified as key genes. Their broad upregulation and several altered transcription factors (TFs), including 11 MADS-box genes, may contribute to the deformity of in vitro flowers. By the use of weighted geneco-expression network analysis (WGCNA), three hub genes, including one unknown gene, mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) and harpin-induced gene 1/nonrace-specific disease resistance gene 1 (NDR1/HIN1-Like) were identified that might play important roles in floral organ formation. The data presented in our study may serve as a comprehensive resource for understanding the regulatory mechanisms underlying flower and floral organ formation of C. nanulum Y. S. Wu et S. C. Chen in vitro.
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Yuan S, Wang Y, Wang J, Zhang C, Zhang L, Jiang B, Wu T, Chen L, Xu X, Cai Y, Sun S, Chen F, Song W, Wu C, Hou W, Yu L, Han T. GmFT3a fine-tunes flowering time and improves adaptation of soybean to higher latitudes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:929747. [PMID: 35958200 PMCID: PMC9358591 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.929747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Onset of flowering of plants is precisely controlled by extensive environmental factors and internal molecular networks, in which FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) is a key flowering integrator. In soybean, a typical short-day plant, 11 FT homologues are found in its genome, of which several homologues are functionally diversified in flowering pathways and the others including GmFT3a are yet unknown. In the current study, we characterized GmFT3a, which is located on the same chromosome as the flowering promoters GmFT2a and GmFT5a. Overexpression of GmFT3a significantly promoted flowering of Arabidopsis under the inductive long-day (LD) photoperiod. GmFT3a over-expressed soybean also flowered earlier than the control under LD, but they were not significantly different under inductive short-day (SD) conditions, indicating that GmFT3a acts as a flowering promoter in the non-inductive photoperiod in soybean. Compared with other GmFT homologues, GmFT3a exhibited a slighter effect in flowering promotion than GmFT2a, GmFT5a and GmFT2b under LD conditions. GmFT3a promoted flowering by regulating the expression of downstream flowering-related genes and also affected the expression of other GmFTs. According to the re-sequencing data, the regional distributions of two major haplotypes in 176 soybean varieties were analyzed. The varieties with GmFT3a-Hap2 haplotype matured relatively early, and relative higher expression of GmFT3a was detected in early maturing varieties, implying that Hap2 variation may contribute to the adaptation of soybean to higher latitude regions by increasing expression level of genes in metabolism and signaling pathways. The early flowering germplasm generated by overexpression of GmFT3a has potential to be planted at higher latitudes where non-inductive long day is dominant in the growing season, and GmFT3a can be used to fine-tune soybean flowering and maturity time and improve the geographical adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Yuan
- MARA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yining Wang
- MARA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, China
| | - Junya Wang
- MARA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, China
| | - Chunlei Zhang
- MARA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, China
| | - Lixin Zhang
- MARA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bingjun Jiang
- MARA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Wu
- MARA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Chen
- MARA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Xu
- MARA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yupeng Cai
- MARA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shi Sun
- MARA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fulu Chen
- MARA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenwen Song
- MARA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cunxiang Wu
- MARA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wensheng Hou
- MARA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lijie Yu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, China
| | - Tianfu Han
- MARA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, China
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10
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Haiden SR, Apicella PV, Ma Y, Berkowitz GA. Overexpression of CsMIXTA, a Transcription Factor from Cannabis sativa, Increases Glandular Trichome Density in Tobacco Leaves. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:1519. [PMID: 35684291 PMCID: PMC9182785 DOI: 10.3390/plants11111519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cannabinoids are synthesized in glandular stalked trichomes on the female flowers of Cannabis sativa (cannabis). The regulation of glandular trichome development has not been characterized in cannabis. We recently identified an R2R3-MYB transcription factor, CsMIXTA, which could be involved in trichome morphogenesis in cannabis. Some homologous genes of CsMIXTA are known to function in glandular trichome initiation in other plant species. CsMIXTA is highly expressed in flower tissue compared to vegetative tissues. Interestingly, CsMIXTA is also highly expressed in trichomes isolated from female flower tissue. In addition, CsMIXTA is upregulated during the peak stages of female flower maturation in correlation with some cannabinoid biosynthetic genes. Transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana showed that CsMIXTA is localized in the nucleus. Furthermore, yeast transcriptional activation assay demonstrated that CsMIXTA has transactivation activity. Overexpression of CsMIXTA in Nicotiana tabacum resulted in higher trichome density, larger trichome size, and more branching on stalked glandular trichomes. The results indicate that CsMIXTA not only promotes glandular trichome initiation in epidermal cells, but also regulates trichome development in tobacco leaves. In this report, we characterized the novel function of the first cannabis transcription factor that may be critical for glandular trichome morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yi Ma
- Correspondence: (Y.M.); (G.A.B.)
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11
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Paschoal D, Costa JL, da Silva EM, da Silva FB, Capelin D, Ometto V, Aricetti JA, Carvalho GG, Pimpinato RF, de Oliveira RF, Carrera E, López-Díaz I, Rossi ML, Tornisielo V, Caldana C, Riano-Pachon DM, Cesarino I, Teixeira PJPL, Figueira A. Infection by Moniliophthora perniciosa reprograms tomato Micro-Tom physiology, establishes a sink, and increases secondary cell wall synthesis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:3651-3670. [PMID: 35176760 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Witches' broom disease of cacao is caused by the pathogenic fungus Moniliophthora perniciosa. By using tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) cultivar Micro-Tom (MT) as a model system, we investigated the physiological and metabolic consequences of M. perniciosa infection to determine whether symptoms result from sink establishment during infection. Infection of MT by M. perniciosa caused reductions in root biomass and fruit yield, a decrease in leaf gas exchange, and down-regulation of photosynthesis-related genes. The total leaf area and water potential decreased, while ABA levels, water conductance/conductivity, and ABA-related gene expression increased. Genes related to sugar metabolism and those involved in secondary cell wall deposition were up-regulated upon infection, and the concentrations of sugars, fumarate, and amino acids increased. 14C-glucose was mobilized towards infected MT stems, but not in inoculated stems of the MT line overexpressing CYTOKININ OXIDASE-2 (35S::AtCKX2), suggesting a role for cytokinin in establishing a sugar sink. The up-regulation of genes involved in cell wall deposition and phenylpropanoid metabolism in infected MT, but not in 35S::AtCKX2 plants, suggests establishment of a cytokinin-mediated sink that promotes tissue overgrowth with an increase in lignin. Possibly, M. perniciosa could benefit from the accumulation of secondary cell walls during its saprotrophic phase of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Paschoal
- Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13400-970, Brazil
- Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Juliana L Costa
- Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13400-970, Brazil
| | - Eder M da Silva
- Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13400-970, Brazil
| | - Fábia B da Silva
- Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Diogo Capelin
- Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Vitor Ometto
- Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13400-970, Brazil
| | - Juliana A Aricetti
- Laboratório Nacional de Biorrenováveis, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais, Campinas, SP, 13083-100, Brazil
| | - Gabriel G Carvalho
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo F Pimpinato
- Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13400-970, Brazil
| | - Ricardo F de Oliveira
- Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Esther Carrera
- Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Isabel López-Díaz
- Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Mônica L Rossi
- Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13400-970, Brazil
| | - Valdemar Tornisielo
- Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13400-970, Brazil
| | - Camila Caldana
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Diego M Riano-Pachon
- Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13400-970, Brazil
| | - Igor Cesarino
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Paulo J P L Teixeira
- Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Antonio Figueira
- Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13400-970, Brazil
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12
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Liu X, He X, Liu Z, Wu P, Tang N, Chen Z, Zhang W, Rao S, Cheng S, Luo C, Xu F. Transcriptome mining of genes in Zanthoxylum armatum revealed ZaMYB86 as a negative regulator of prickly development. Genomics 2022; 114:110374. [PMID: 35489616 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2022.110374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Zanthoxylum armatum DC. is an important economic tree species. Prickle is a type of trichome with special morphology, and there are a lot of prickles on the leaves of Z. armatum, which seriously restricts the development of Z. armatum industry. In this study, the leaves of Z. armatum cv. Zhuye (ZY) and its budding variety 'Rongchangwuci' (WC) (A less prickly mutant variety) at different developmental stages were used as materials, and the transcriptome sequencing data were analyzed. A total of 96,931 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified among the samples, among which 1560 were candidate DEGs that might be involved in hormone metabolism. The contents of JA, auxin and CK phytohormones in ZY leaves were significantly higher than those in WC leaves. Combined with weighted gene co-expression network analysis, eight genes (MYC, IAA, ARF, CRE/AHK, PP2C, ARR-A, AOS and LOX) were identified, including 25 transcripts, which might affect the metabolism of the three hormones and indirectly participate in the formation of prickles. Combining with the proteins successfully reported in other plants to regulate trichome formation, ZaMYB86, a transcription factor of R2R3 MYB family, was identified through local Blast and phylogenetic tree analysis, which might regulate prickle formation of Z. armatum. Overexpression of ZaMYB86 in mutant A. thaliana resulted in the reduction of trichomes in A. thaliana leaves, which further verified that ZaMYB86 was involved in the formation of pickles. Yeast two-hybrid results showed that ZaMYB86 interacted with ZaMYB5. Furthermore, ZaMYB5 was highly homologous to AtMYB5, a transcription factor that regulated trichomes development, in MYB DNA binding domain. Taken together, these results indicated that ZaMYB86 and ZaMYB5 act together to regulate the formation of prickles in Z. armatum. Our findings provided a new perspective for revealing the molecular mechanism of prickly formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Liu
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Xiao He
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Zhongbing Liu
- School of Horticulture and Landscape, Wuhan University of Bioengineering, Wuhan, China
| | - Peiyin Wu
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Ning Tang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, Chongqing 400000, China
| | - Zexiong Chen
- College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, Chongqing 400000, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei, China; Spice Crops Research Institute, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei, China.
| | - Shen Rao
- School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, National R&D Center for Se-rich Agricultural Products Processing Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, Hubei, China
| | - Shuiyuan Cheng
- School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, National R&D Center for Se-rich Agricultural Products Processing Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, Hubei, China; National Selenium Rich Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Center, Enshi 445000, Hubei, China
| | - Chengrong Luo
- Sichuan Academy of Forestry, Chengdu 610081, Sichuan, China
| | - Feng Xu
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei, China.
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13
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Wang Y, Zhou Q, Meng Z, Abid MA, Wang Y, Wei Y, Guo S, Zhang R, Liang C. Multi-Dimensional Molecular Regulation of Trichome Development in Arabidopsis and Cotton. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:892381. [PMID: 35463426 PMCID: PMC9021843 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.892381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plant trichomes are specialized epidermal cells that are widely distributed on plant aerial tissues. The initiation and progression of trichomes are controlled in a coordinated sequence of multiple molecular events. During the past decade, major breakthroughs in the molecular understanding of trichome development were achieved through the characterization of various trichomes defective mutants and trichome-associated genes, which revealed a highly complex molecular regulatory network underlying plant trichome development. This review focuses on the recent millstone in plant trichomes research obtained using genetic and molecular studies, as well as 'omics' analyses in model plant Arabidopsis and fiber crop cotton. In particular, we discuss the latest understanding and insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms of trichomes formation at multiple dimensions, including at the chromatin, transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational levels. We summarize that the integration of multi-dimensional trichome-associated genes will enable us to systematically understand the molecular regulation network that landscapes the development of the plant trichomes. These advances will enable us to address the unresolved questions regarding the molecular crosstalk that coordinate concurrent and ordered the changes in cotton fiber initiation and progression, together with their possible implications for genetic improvement of cotton fiber.
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14
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Li Y, Chu L, Liu X, Zhang N, Xu Y, Karikari B, Wang Y, Chang F, Liu Z, Tan L, Yue H, Xing G, Zhao T. Genetic Architecture and Candidate Genes for Pubescence Length and Density and Its Relationship With Resistance to Common Cutworm in Soybean. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:771850. [PMID: 35069626 PMCID: PMC8776989 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.771850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Soybean pubescence plays an important role in insect resistance, drought tolerance, and other stresses. Hence, a deep understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying pubescence is a prerequisite to a deeper understanding of insect resistance and drought tolerance. In the present study, quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping of pubescence traits was performed using a high-density inter-specific linkage map of one recombinant inbred line (RIL) population, designated NJRINP. It was observed that pubescence length (PL) was negatively correlated with pubescence density (PD). A total of 10 and 9 QTLs distributed on six and five chromosomes were identified with phenotypic variance (PV) of 3.0-9.9% and 0.8-15.8% for PL and PD, respectively, out of which, eight and five were novel. Most decreased PL (8 of 10) and increased PD (8 of 9) alleles were from the wild soybean PI 342618B. Based on gene annotation, Protein ANalysis THrough Evolutionary Relationships and literature search, 21 and 12 candidate genes were identified related to PL and PD, respectively. In addition, Glyma.12G187200 from major QTLs qPL-12-1 and qPD-12-2, was identified as Ps (sparse pubescence) before, having an expression level of fivefold greater in NN 86-4 than in PI 342618B, hence it might be the candidate gene that is conferring both PL and PD. Based on gene expression and cluster analysis, three and four genes were considered as the important candidate genes of PL and PD, respectively. Besides, leaves with short and dense (SD) pubescence, which are similar to the wild soybean pubescence morphology, had the highest resistance to common cutworm (CCW) in soybean. In conclusion, the findings in the present study provide a better understanding of genetic basis and candidate genes information of PL and PD and the relationship with resistance to CCW in soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawei Li
- Soybean Research Institute/MARA National Center for Soybean Improvement/MARA Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean/National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement/Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Chu
- Soybean Research Institute/MARA National Center for Soybean Improvement/MARA Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean/National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement/Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- Soybean Research Institute/MARA National Center for Soybean Improvement/MARA Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean/National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement/Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Nannan Zhang
- Soybean Research Institute/MARA National Center for Soybean Improvement/MARA Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean/National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement/Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yufei Xu
- Soybean Research Institute/MARA National Center for Soybean Improvement/MARA Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean/National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement/Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Benjamin Karikari
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Consumer Sciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Yu Wang
- Soybean Research Institute/MARA National Center for Soybean Improvement/MARA Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean/National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement/Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fangguo Chang
- Soybean Research Institute/MARA National Center for Soybean Improvement/MARA Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean/National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement/Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zexinan Liu
- Soybean Research Institute/MARA National Center for Soybean Improvement/MARA Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean/National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement/Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lianmei Tan
- Soybean Research Institute/MARA National Center for Soybean Improvement/MARA Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean/National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement/Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Han Yue
- Soybean Research Institute/MARA National Center for Soybean Improvement/MARA Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean/National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement/Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guangnan Xing
- Soybean Research Institute/MARA National Center for Soybean Improvement/MARA Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean/National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement/Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tuanjie Zhao
- Soybean Research Institute/MARA National Center for Soybean Improvement/MARA Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean/National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement/Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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15
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Zhong MC, Jiang XD, Yang GQ, Cui WH, Suo ZQ, Wang WJ, Sun YB, Wang D, Cheng XC, Li XM, Dong X, Tang KX, Li DZ, Hu JY. Rose without prickle: genomic insights linked to moisture adaptation. Natl Sci Rev 2022; 8:nwab092. [PMID: 34987840 PMCID: PMC8694671 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwab092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Prickles act against herbivores, pathogens or mechanical injury, while also preventing water loss. However, whether prickles have new function and the molecular genetics of prickle patterning remain poorly explored. Here, we generated a high-quality reference genome assembly for ‘Basye's Thornless’ (BT), a prickle-free cultivar of Rosa wichuraiana, to identify genetic elements related to stem prickle development. The BT genome harbors a high level of sequence diversity in itself and with cultivar ‘Old Blush’ (R. chinensis), a founder genotype in rose domestication. Inheritance of stem prickle density was determined and two QTL were identified. Differentially expressed genes in QTL were involved in water-related functions, suggesting that prickle density may hitchhike with adaptations to moist environments. While the prickle-related gene-regulatory-network (GRN) was highly conserved, the expression variation of key candidate genes was associated with prickle density. Our study provides fundamental resources and insights for genome evolution in the Rosaceae. Ongoing efforts on identification of the molecular bases for key rose traits may lead to improvements for horticultural markets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Cai Zhong
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Guo-Qian Yang
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Wei-Hua Cui
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Zhi-Quan Suo
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Wei-Jia Wang
- Flower Research Institute, Yunnan Agricultural Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650231, China
| | - Yi-Bo Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Dan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Xin-Chao Cheng
- Biomarker Technologies Corporation, Beijing 101300, China
| | - Xu-Ming Li
- Biomarker Technologies Corporation, Beijing 101300, China
| | - Xue Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Kai-Xue Tang
- Flower Research Institute, Yunnan Agricultural Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650231, China
| | - De-Zhu Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Jin-Yong Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
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16
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Zheng Y, Wang N, Zhang Z, Liu W, Xie W. Identification of Flowering Regulatory Networks and Hub Genes Expressed in the Leaves of Elymus sibiricus L. Using Comparative Transcriptome Analysis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:877908. [PMID: 35651764 PMCID: PMC9150504 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.877908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Flowering is a significant stage from vegetative growth to reproductive growth in higher plants, which impacts the biomass and seed yield. To reveal the flowering time variations and identify the flowering regulatory networks and hub genes in Elymus sibiricus, we measured the booting, heading, and flowering times of 66 E. sibiricus accessions. The booting, heading, and flowering times varied from 136 to 188, 142 to 194, and 148 to 201 days, respectively. The difference in flowering time between the earliest- and the last-flowering accessions was 53 days. Furthermore, transcriptome analyses were performed at the three developmental stages of six accessions with contrasting flowering times. A total of 3,526 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were predicted and 72 candidate genes were identified, including transcription factors, known flowering genes, and plant hormone-related genes. Among them, four candidate genes (LATE, GA2OX6, FAR3, and MFT1) were significantly upregulated in late-flowering accessions. LIMYB, PEX19, GWD3, BOR7, PMEI28, LRR, and AIRP2 were identified as hub genes in the turquoise and blue modules which were related to the development time of flowering by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). A single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of LIMYB found by multiple sequence alignment may cause late flowering. The expression pattern of flowering candidate genes was verified in eight flowering promoters (CRY, COL, FPF1, Hd3, GID1, FLK, VIN3, and FPA) and four flowering suppressors (CCA1, ELF3, Ghd7, and COL4) under drought and salt stress by qRT-PCR. The results suggested that drought and salt stress activated the flowering regulation pathways to some extent. The findings of the present study lay a foundation for the functional verification of flowering genes and breeding of new varieties of early- and late-flowering E. sibiricus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Zheng
- The State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Na Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zongyu Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wenhui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Superior Forage Germplasm in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Xining, China
| | - Wengang Xie
- The State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wengang Xie
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17
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Feng X, Cheng H, Zuo D, Zhang Y, Wang Q, Lv L, Li S, Yu JZ, Song G. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of GL2-interacting-repressor (GIR) genes during cotton fiber and fuzz development. PLANTA 2021; 255:23. [PMID: 34923605 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03737-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
GL2-interacting-repressor (GIR) family members may contribute to fiber/fuzz formation via a newly discovered unique pathway in Gossypium arboreum. There are similarities between cotton fiber development and the formation of trichomes and root hairs. The GL2-interacting-repressors (GIRs) are crucial regulators of root hair and trichome formation. The GaFzl gene, annotated as GaGIR1, is negatively associated with trichome development and fuzz initiation. However, there is relatively little available information regarding the other GIR genes in cotton, especially regarding their effects on cotton fiber development. In this study, 21 GIR family genes were identified in the diploid cotton species Gossypium arboreum; these genes were divided into three groups. The GIR genes were characterized in terms of their phylogenetic relationships, structures, chromosomal distribution and evolutionary dynamics. These GIR genes were revealed to be unequally distributed on 12 chromosomes in the diploid cotton genome, with no GIR gene detected on Ga06. The cis-acting elements in the promoter regions were predicted to be responsive to light, phytohormones, defense activities and stress. The transcriptomic data and qRT-PCR results revealed that most GIR genes were not differentially expressed between the wild-type control and the fuzzless mutant line. Moreover, 14 of 21 family genes were expressed at high levels, indicating these genes may play important roles during fiber development and fuzz formation. Furthermore, Ga01G0231 was predominantly expressed in root samples, suggestive of a role in root hair formation rather than in fuzz initiation and development. The results of this study have enhanced our understanding of the GIR genes and their potential utility for improving cotton fiber through breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxu Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
- Plant Genetics, Gembloux Agro Bio-Tech, University of Liège, 5030, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Hailiang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Dongyun Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Youping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Qiaolian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Limin Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Shuyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - John Z Yu
- Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS, Crop Germplasm Research Unit, 2881 F&B Road, College Station, Texas, 77845, USA.
| | - Guoli Song
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China.
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Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis Reveals Hub Genes Contributing to Fuzz Development in Gossypium arboreum. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12050753. [PMID: 34067654 PMCID: PMC8156360 DOI: 10.3390/genes12050753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fuzzless mutants are ideal materials to decipher the regulatory network and mechanism underlying fuzz initiation and formation. In this study, we utilized two Gossypium arboreum accessions differing in fuzz characteristics to explore expression pattern differences and discriminate genes involved in fuzz development using RNA sequencing. Gene ontology (GO) analysis was conducted and found that DEGs were mainly enriched in the regulation of transcription, metabolic processes and oxidation–reduction-related processes. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis discerned the MEmagenta module highly associated with a fuzz/fuzzless trait, which included a total of 50 hub genes differentially expressed between two materials. GaFZ, which negatively regulates trichome and fuzz formation, was found involved in MEmagenta cluster1. In addition, twenty-eight hub genes in MEmagenta cluster1 were significantly up-regulated and expressed in fuzzless mutant DPL972. It is noteworthy that Ga04G1219 and Ga04G1240, which, respectively, encode Fasciclin-like arabinogalactan protein 18(FLA18) and transport protein, showed remarkable differences of expression level and implied that they may be involved in protein glycosylation to regulate fuzz formation and development. This module and hub genes identified in this study will provide new insights on fiber and fuzz formation and be useful for the molecular design breeding of cotton genetic improvement.
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Xie L, Yan T, Li L, Chen M, Ma Y, Hao X, Fu X, Shen Q, Huang Y, Qin W, Liu H, Chen T, Hassani D, Kayani SL, Rose JKC, Tang K. The WRKY transcription factor AaGSW2 promotes glandular trichome initiation in Artemisia annua. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:1691-1701. [PMID: 33165526 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Glandular secreting trichomes (GSTs) synthesize and secrete large quantities of secondary metabolites, some of which have well-established commercial value. An example is the anti-malarial compound artemisinin, which is synthesized in the GSTs of Artemisia annua. Accordingly, there is considerable interest in understanding the processes that regulate GST density as a strategy to increase artemisinin production. In this study, we identified a GST-specific WRKY transcription factor from A. annua, AaGSW2, which is positively regulated by the direct binding of the homeodomain proteins AaHD1 and AaHD8 to the L1-box of the AaGSW2 promoter. Overexpression of AaGSW2 in A. annua significantly increased GST density, while AaGSW2 knockdown lines showed impaired GST initiation. Ectopic expression of AaGSW2 homologs from two mint cultivars, Mentha spicata and Mentha haplocalyx, in A. annua also induced GST formation. These results reveal a molecular mechanism involving homeodomain and WRKY proteins that controls glandular trichome initiation, at least part of which is shared by A. annua and mint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihui Xie
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fuan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingxiang Yan
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fuan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Li
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fuan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Minghui Chen
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fuan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanan Ma
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fuan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolong Hao
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fuan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueqing Fu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fuan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Shen
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fuan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiwen Huang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fuan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Qin
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fuan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hang Liu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fuan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tiantian Chen
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fuan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Danial Hassani
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fuan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sadaf-Llyas Kayani
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fuan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jocelyn K C Rose
- Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Kexuan Tang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fuan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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20
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Werner S, Bartrina I, Novák O, Strnad M, Werner T, Schmülling T. The Cytokinin Status of the Epidermis Regulates Aspects of Vegetative and Reproductive Development in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:613488. [PMID: 33732273 PMCID: PMC7959818 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.613488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The epidermal cell layer of plants has important functions in regulating plant growth and development. We have studied the impact of an altered epidermal cytokinin metabolism on Arabidopsis shoot development. Increased epidermal cytokinin synthesis or breakdown was achieved through expression of the cytokinin synthesis gene LOG4 and the cytokinin-degrading CKX1 gene, respectively, under the control of the epidermis-specific AtML1 promoter. During vegetative growth, increased epidermal cytokinin production caused an increased size of the shoot apical meristem and promoted earlier flowering. Leaves became larger and the shoots showed an earlier juvenile-to-adult transition. An increased cytokinin breakdown had the opposite effect on these phenotypic traits indicating that epidermal cytokinin metabolism can be a factor regulating these aspects of shoot development. The phenotypic consequences of abbreviated cytokinin signaling in the epidermis achieved through expression of the ARR1-SRDX repressor were generally milder or even absent indicating that the epidermal cytokinin acts, at least in part, cell non-autonomously. Enhanced epidermal cytokinin synthesis delayed cell differentiation during leaf development leading to an increased cell proliferation and leaf growth. Genetic analysis showed that this cytokinin activity was mediated mainly by the AHK3 receptor and the transcription factor ARR1. We also demonstrate that epidermal cytokinin promotes leaf growth in a largely cell-autonomous fashion. Increased cytokinin synthesis in the outer layer of reproductive tissues and in the placenta enhanced ovule formation by the placenta and caused the formation of larger siliques. This led to a higher number of seeds in larger pods resulting in an increased seed yield per plant. Collectively, the results provide evidence that the cytokinin metabolism in the epidermis is a relevant parameter determining vegetative and reproductive plant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sören Werner
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences (DCPS), Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Isabel Bartrina
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences (DCPS), Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Biology, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Tomáš Werner
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences (DCPS), Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Biology, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas Schmülling
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences (DCPS), Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- *Correspondence: Thomas Schmülling,
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21
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Cheng G, Zhang L, Wei H, Wang H, Lu J, Yu S. Transcriptome Analysis Reveals a Gene Expression Pattern Associated with Fuzz Fiber Initiation Induced by High Temperature in Gossypium barbadense. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11091066. [PMID: 32927688 PMCID: PMC7565297 DOI: 10.3390/genes11091066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Gossypium barbadense is an important source of natural textile fibers, as is Gossypium hirsutum. Cotton fiber development is often affected by various environmental factors, such as abnormal temperature. However, little is known about the underlying mechanisms of temperature regulating the fuzz fiber initiation. In this study, we reveal that high temperatures (HT) accelerate fiber development, improve fiber quality, and induced fuzz initiation of a thermo-sensitive G. barbadense variety L7009. It was proved that fuzz initiation was inhibited by low temperature (LT), and 4 dpa was the stage most susceptible to temperature stress during the fuzz initiation period. A total of 43,826 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified through comparative transcriptome analysis. Of these, 9667 were involved in fiber development and temperature response with 901 transcription factor genes and 189 genes related to plant hormone signal transduction. Further analysis of gene expression patterns revealed that 240 genes were potentially involved in fuzz initiation induced by high temperature. Functional annotation revealed that the candidate genes related to fuzz initiation were significantly involved in the asparagine biosynthetic process, cell wall biosynthesis, and stress response. The expression trends of sixteen genes randomly selected from the RNA-seq data were almost consistent with the results of qRT-PCR. Our study revealed several potential candidate genes and pathways related to fuzz initiation induced by high temperature. This provides a new view of temperature-induced tissue and organ development in Gossypium barbadense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongmin Cheng
- College of Agronomy, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (L.Z.); (H.W.); (H.W.); (J.L.)
| | - Longyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (L.Z.); (H.W.); (H.W.); (J.L.)
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Hengling Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (L.Z.); (H.W.); (H.W.); (J.L.)
| | - Hantao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (L.Z.); (H.W.); (H.W.); (J.L.)
| | - Jianhua Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (L.Z.); (H.W.); (H.W.); (J.L.)
| | - Shuxun Yu
- College of Agronomy, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (L.Z.); (H.W.); (H.W.); (J.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-188-0372-9718
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22
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Li J, Ye C, Chang C. Comparative transcriptomics analysis revealing flower trichome development during flower development in two Lonicera japonica Thunb. cultivars using RNA-seq. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:341. [PMID: 32680457 PMCID: PMC7368687 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02546-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lonicera japonica Thunb. (L. japonica) has the functions of clearing away heat and detoxifying, broad-spectrum antibacterial and anti-virus, etc. More than 70% of anti-inflammatory and cold Chinese patent medicines contain L. japonica. Trichomes comprise specialized multicellular structures that have the capacity to synthesize and secrete secondary metabolites and protect plants from biotic and abiotic stresses. The extraction of trichome secretions has great commercial value. However, little is known about the trichome formation mechanism in L. japonica. Therefore, the study of trichome development between different varieties provides a basis for selecting suitable planting resources. RESULTS Here, we present a genome-wide comparative transcriptome analysis between two L. japonica cultivars, toward the identification of biological processes and functional gene activities that occur during flowering stage trichome development. In this study, the density and average lengths of flower trichomes were at their highest during three-green periods (S2). Using the Illumina RNA-Seq method, we obtained 134,304 unigenes, 33,733 of which were differentially expressed. In an analysis of 40 differentially expressed unigenes (DEGs) involved in trichome development, 29 of these were transcription factors. The DEGs analysis of plant hormone signal transduction indicated that plant growth and development may be independent of gibberellin (GA) and cytokinine (CTK) signaling pathways, and plant stress may be independent of jasmonic acid (JA) and ethylene (ET) signaling pathways. We screened several genes involved in the floral biosynthesis of odors, tastes, colors, and plant hormones, and proposed biosynthetic pathways for sesquiterpenoid, triterpenoid, monoterpenoid, flavonoid, and plant hormones. Furthermore, 82 DEGs were assigned to cell cycles and 2616 were predicted as plant resistance genes (PRGs). CONCLUSIONS This study provides a comprehensive characterization of the expression profiles of flower development during the seven developmental stages of L. japonica, thereby offering valuable insights into the molecular networks that underly flower development in L. japonica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Li
- Green Medicine Biotechnology Henan Engineering Laboratory, Engineering Technology Research Center of Nursing and Utilization of Genuine Chinese Crude Drugs in Henan Province, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China.
| | - Chenglin Ye
- Green Medicine Biotechnology Henan Engineering Laboratory, Engineering Technology Research Center of Nursing and Utilization of Genuine Chinese Crude Drugs in Henan Province, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Cuifang Chang
- State Key Laboratory Cell Differentiation and Regulation, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China.
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23
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Chen Y, Su D, Li J, Ying S, Deng H, He X, Zhu Y, Li Y, Chen Y, Pirrello J, Bouzayen M, Liu Y, Liu M. Overexpression of bHLH95, a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor family member, impacts trichome formation via regulating gibberellin biosynthesis in tomato. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:3450-3462. [PMID: 32133496 PMCID: PMC7475245 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Trichomes are epidermal protuberances on aerial parts of plants known to play an important role in biotic and abiotic stresses. To date, our knowledge of the regulation of trichome formation in crop species is very limited. Through phenotyping of the Solanum pennellii×S. lycopersicum (cv. M82) introgression population, we identified the SlbHLH95 transcription factor as a negative regulator of trichome formation in tomato. In line with this negative role, SlbHLH95 displayed a very low expression in stems where trichomes are present at high density. Overexpression of SlbHLH95 resulted in a dramatically reduced trichome density in stems and a significant down-regulation of a set of trichome-related genes. In addition to the lower trichome density, overexpressing lines also showed pleiotropic alterations affecting both vegetative and reproductive development. While most of these phenotypes were reminiscent of gibberellin (GA)-deficient phenotypes, expression studies showed that two GA biosynthesis genes, SlGA20ox2 and SlKS5, are significantly down-regulated in SlbHLH95-OE plants. Moreover, in line with a decrease in active GA content, the glabrous and dwarf phenotypes were rescued by exogenous GA treatment. In addition, yeast one-hybrid and transactivation assays revealed that SlbHLH95 represses the expression of SlGA20ox2 and SlKS5 via direct binding to their promoters. Taken together, our study established a link between SlbHLH95, GA, and trichome formation, and uncovered the role of this gene in modulating GA biosynthesis in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Dan Su
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Metabolic Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Shiyu Ying
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Heng Deng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xiaoqing He
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yunqi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Ya Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Julien Pirrello
- GBF Laboratory, Université de Toulouse, INRA, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Mondher Bouzayen
- GBF Laboratory, Université de Toulouse, INRA, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Yongsheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Mingchun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
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Cao H, Li J, Ye Y, Lin H, Hao Z, Ye N, Yue C. Integrative Transcriptomic and Metabolic Analyses Provide Insights into the Role of Trichomes in Tea Plant ( Camellia Sinensis). Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10020311. [PMID: 32079100 PMCID: PMC7072466 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichomes, which develop from epidermal cells, are regarded as one of the key features that are involved in the evaluation of tea quality and tea germplasm resources. The metabolites from trichomes have been well characterized in tea products. However, little is known regarding the metabolites in fresh tea trichomes and the molecular differences in trichomes and tea leaves per se. In this study, we developed a method to collect trichomes from tea plant tender shoots, and their main secondary metabolites, including catechins, caffeine, amino acids, and aroma compounds, were determined. We found that the majority of these compounds were significantly less abundant in trichomes than in tea leaves. RNA-Seq was used to investigate the differences in the molecular regulatory mechanism between trichomes and leaves to gain further insight into the differences in trichomes and tea leaves. In total, 52.96 Gb of clean data were generated, and 6560 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 4471 upregulated and 2089 downregulated genes, were identified in the trichomes vs. leaves comparison. Notably, the structural genes of the major metabolite biosynthesis pathways, transcription factors, and other key DEGs were identified and comparatively analyzed between trichomes and leaves, while trichome-specific genes were also identified. Our results provide new insights into the differences between tea trichomes and leaves at the metabolic and transcriptomic levels, and open up new doors to further recognize and re-evaluate the role of trichomes in tea quality formation and tea plant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Chuan Yue
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-591-83789281
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25
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Ortuño-Miquel S, Rodríguez-Cazorla E, Zavala-Gonzalez EA, Martínez-Laborda A, Vera A. Arabidopsis HUA ENHANCER 4 delays flowering by upregulating the MADS-box repressor genes FLC and MAF4. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1478. [PMID: 30728422 PMCID: PMC6365585 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38327-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The adaptive success of flowering plants is largely due to their ability to align floral production with optimal conditions. In Arabidopsis thaliana, MADS-box repressors of the FLC/MAF-clade prevent flowering under non-inductive conditions, although the role of some members is not yet clearly defined. Using a genetic strategy, we identified the KH-domain gene HEN4, previously shown to be involved in MADS-box floral homeotic gene regulation, as a modulator of flowering time. Loss-of-function hen4 mutants are early-flowering, and their response to low growth-temperature (16 °C) and day-length is altered. Interestingly, hen4 plants showed dramatic reduction of FLC and MAF4 transcripts, whereas other flowering repressors of the same clade (FLM, MAF2, MAF3, MAF5) remained unaltered. We also determined that hen4, partly due to loss of FLC, accelerates the vegetative phase-change. This report provides insight into flowering time control and highlights the potential of versatile regulators such as HEN4 to coordinate the juvenile-to-adult transition and floral timing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samanta Ortuño-Miquel
- Area de Genética, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Campus de Sant Joan, Alicante, 03550, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Antonio Vera
- Area de Genética, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Campus de Sant Joan, Alicante, 03550, Spain.
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26
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Huang X, Yan H, Zhai L, Yi Y. GLABROUS1 from Rosa roxburghii Tratt regulates trichome formation by interacting with the GL3/EGL3 protein. Gene 2019; 692:60-67. [PMID: 30641212 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.12.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
GLABROUS1 is an R2R3 MYB homolog that is essential for the initiation of trichome development. In this study, we used RACE to clone a full-length cDNA from Rosa roxburghii Tratt, termed RrGL1, which was 1013 bp, including an open reading frame of 792 bp that encoded 263 amino acids. In situ hybridization, corresponding with qRT-PCR results, revealed that RrGL1 transcripts were mainly expressed in petiole, leaf, and stem. RrGL1 expression levels at various fruit developmental stages in R. roxburghii were also evaluated. RrGL1 was highly expressed in young fruit, and the expression level decreased with fruit maturation. The overexpression of RrGL1 was able to functionally complemented the Arabidopsis thaliana gl1-/- mutant in trichome formation. RrGL1 was located in the cell nucleus with analysis of subcellular localization and physically interacted with A. thaliana GL3/EGL3 in the yeast two-hybrid assay, implying that RrGL1 might exert functions by forming a MYB-basic helix-loop-helix complex in trichome initiation. The formation of prickles in R. roxburghii is similar to that of Arabidopsis trichome. These results provided a foundation for further research on the molecular mechanisms underlying the formation and development of prickles that could assist and cultivate in the genetic engineering of prickle-free fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Huang
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Karst Mountainous Areas of Southwestern China /Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Developmental Regulation/ School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Huiqing Yan
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China.
| | - Lisheng Zhai
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Karst Mountainous Areas of Southwestern China /Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Developmental Regulation/ School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Yin Yi
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Karst Mountainous Areas of Southwestern China /Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Developmental Regulation/ School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China.
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Zubairova US, Doroshkov AV. Wheat leaf epidermal pattern as a model for studying the influence of stress conditions on morphogenesis. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2018. [DOI: 10.18699/vj18.32-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The leaf epidermis of a monocotyledonous plant is a widely used model system for studying the differentiation of plant cells, as it contains readily observable specialized cells. The approach proposed in this paper uses a growing cereal leaf to study stress-induced dynamic changes in morphogenesis. In the process of formation, the linear leaf of wheat remains in the stationary growth phase for long. This fact permits us to observe a series of successive morphogenetic events recorded in the cellular structure of the mature leaf. In studying the cellular architecture of the wheat leaf epidermis, we obtained and processed confocal 3D images of wheat leaves stained with fluorescent dyes. This procedure allows an accurate morphometric description and determination of quantitative characteristics of the leaf epidermal pattern. Low temperatures are among the factors limiting the growing of crop plants in the temperate zone. In the present work, we show significant aberrations of stomatal morphogenesis in the epidermis of boot leaves of wheat varieties Saratovskaya 29 and Yanetskis Probat in response to cold stress. We found that nonfunctional stomata predominated in the zone of maximum manifestation of stress, whereas in the zones formed before and after the stress impact, the developmental anomalies come to the disturbance in the morphogenesis of subsidiary cells. In Saratovskaya 29, a significant amount of ectopic trichomes formed in rows predetermined to stoma formation. The proposed approach can provide standardized qualitative and quantitative data on stress-induced morphogenesis aberrations in wheat leaf epidermis. Subsequently, these data can be used for verification of computer models of leaf morphogenesis. Further study of the mechanisms of the effect of cold stress on morphogenesis will add to the search for additional opportunities to increase wheat yields in areas of risky agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A. V. Doroshkov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS; Novosibirsk State University
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Yue C, Cao HL, Chen D, Lin HZ, Wang Z, Hu J, Yang GY, Guo YQ, Ye NX, Hao XY. Comparative transcriptome study of hairy and hairless tea plant (Camellia sinensis) shoots. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 229:41-52. [PMID: 30032044 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Trichome (also referred to as 'háo' in tea) is a key feature in both tea products and tea plant (Camellia sinensis) selection breeding. Although trichomes are used as a model for studying cell differentiation and have been well studied in many plant species, the regulation of trichome formation at the molecular level is poorly understood in tea plants. In the present study, the hairy and hairless tea plant cultivars Fudingdabaicha (FDDB) and Rongchunzao (RCZ), respectively, were used to study this mechanism. We characterised tea plant trichomes as unicellular and unbranched structures. High-throughput Illumina sequencing yielded approximately 277.0 million high-quality clean reads from the FDDB and RCZ cultivars. After de novo assembly, 161,444 unigenes were generated, with an average length of 937 bp. Among these unigenes, 81,425 were annotated using public databases, and 55,201 coding sequences and 4004 transcription factors (TFs) were identified. In total, 21,599 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between RCZ and FDDB, of which 10,785 DEGs were up-regulated and 10,814 DEGs were down-regulated. Genes involved in the DNA replication pathway were significantly enriched. Furthermore, between FDDB and RCZ, DEGs related to TFs, phytohormone signals, and cellulose synthesis were identified, suggesting that certain genes involved in these pathways are crucial for trichome initiation in tea plants. Together, the results of this study provide novel data to improve our understanding of the potential molecular mechanisms of trichome formation and lay a foundation for additional trichome studies in tea plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Yue
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Key Laboratory of Tea Science in Universities of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Hong-Li Cao
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Key Laboratory of Tea Science in Universities of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, China
| | - Dan Chen
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Key Laboratory of Tea Science in Universities of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hong-Zheng Lin
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Key Laboratory of Tea Science in Universities of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zan Wang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Key Laboratory of Tea Science in Universities of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, China
| | - Juan Hu
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Key Laboratory of Tea Science in Universities of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, China
| | - Guo-Yi Yang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Key Laboratory of Tea Science in Universities of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yu-Qiong Guo
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Key Laboratory of Tea Science in Universities of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, China
| | - Nai-Xing Ye
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Key Laboratory of Tea Science in Universities of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Xin-Yuan Hao
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Center for Tea Improvement, Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, China.
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Xie Y, Wang X. Comparative transcriptomic analysis identifies genes responsible for fruit count and oil yield in the oil tea plant Camellia chekiangoleosa. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6637. [PMID: 29703942 PMCID: PMC5923238 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24073-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Fruit yield is an important trait for horticultural crops. However, the limited fruit yield of Camellia chekiangoleosa, a novel promising oil tree, restricts the production of oil. The breeding improvement is little due to its long generation time and lack of available genomic sequence. We identified distinct fruit count phenotypes, high-yield (HY) and low-yield (LY). To understand the underlying genetic basis, we focused on global gene discovery and expression levels in floral buds, which affect fruit count. A total of 140,299 de novo assembled unigenes were obtained using RNA-seq technology, and more genes were expressed in HY than in LY. 2395 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified and enriched in membrane, energy metabolism, secondary metabolism, fatty acid biosynthesis and metabolism, and 18 other metabolic pathways. Of the DEGs, twelve identified transcription factors, including AP2, mostly involve in inflorescence and flower development and in hormone networks. Key DEGs in fatty acid biosynthesis (Fab) FabB, FabF, FabZ, and AccD were highly expressed in floral buds and associated with high oil yield in fruits. We hypothesized that a potential link exists between fruit count and its oil yield. These findings help to elucidate the molecular cues affecting fruit count and oil yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Xie
- Jiyang College, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhuji, Zhejiang, 311800, China
| | - Xuewen Wang
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, 30602, USA.
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Liu K, Li H, Li W, Zhong J, Chen Y, Shen C, Yuan C. Comparative transcriptomic analyses of normal and malformed flowers in sugar apple (Annona squamosa L.) to identify the differential expressed genes between normal and malformed flowers. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 17:170. [PMID: 29061115 PMCID: PMC5653983 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-017-1135-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sugar apple (Annona squamosa L.), a popular fruit with high medicinal and nutritional properties, is widely cultivated in tropical South Asia and America. The malformed flower is a major cause for a reduction in production of sugar apple. However, little information is available on the differences between normal and malformed flowers of sugar apple. RESULTS To gain a comprehensive perspective on the differences between normal and malformed flowers of sugar apple, cDNA libraries from normal and malformation flowers were prepared independently for Illumina sequencing. The data generated a total of 70,189,896 reads that were integrated and assembled into 55,097 unigenes with a mean length of 783 bp. A large number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Among these DEGs, 701 flower development-associated transcript factor encoding genes were included. Furthermore, a large number of flowering- and hormone-related DEGs were also identified, and most of these genes were down-regulated expressed in the malformation flowers. The expression levels of 15 selected genes were validated using quantitative-PCR. The contents of several endogenous hormones were measured. The malformed flowers displayed lower endogenous hormone levels compared to the normal flowers. CONCLUSIONS The expression data as well as hormone levels in our study will serve as a comprehensive resource for investigating the regulation mechanism involved in floral organ development in sugar apple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaidong Liu
- Life Science and Technology School, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524048 People’s Republic of China
| | - Haili Li
- Life Science and Technology School, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524048 People’s Republic of China
| | - Weijin Li
- Life Science and Technology School, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524048 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jundi Zhong
- Life Science and Technology School, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524048 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Chen
- Life Science and Technology School, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524048 People’s Republic of China
| | - Chenjia Shen
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036 China
| | - Changchun Yuan
- Life Science and Technology School, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524048 People’s Republic of China
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Li SF, Zhang GJ, Zhang XJ, Yuan JH, Deng CL, Gao WJ. Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals differentially expressed genes associated with sex expression in garden asparagus (Asparagus officinalis). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 17:143. [PMID: 28830346 PMCID: PMC5567890 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-017-1091-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Garden asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) is a highly valuable vegetable crop of commercial and nutritional interest. It is also commonly used to investigate the mechanisms of sex determination and differentiation in plants. However, the sex expression mechanisms in asparagus remain poorly understood. RESULTS De novo transcriptome sequencing via Illumina paired-end sequencing revealed more than 26 billion bases of high-quality sequence data from male and female asparagus flower buds. A total of 72,626 unigenes with an average length of 979 bp were assembled. In comparative transcriptome analysis, 4876 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the possible sex-determining stage of female and male/supermale flower buds. Of these DEGs, 433, including 285 male/supermale-biased and 149 female-biased genes, were annotated as flower related. Of the male/supermale-biased flower-related genes, 102 were probably involved in anther development. In addition, 43 DEGs implicated in hormone response and biosynthesis putatively associated with sex expression and reproduction were discovered. Moreover, 128 transcription factor (TF)-related genes belonging to various families were found to be differentially expressed, and this finding implied the essential roles of TF in sex determination or differentiation in asparagus. Correlation analysis indicated that miRNA-DEG pairs were also implicated in asparagus sexual development. CONCLUSIONS Our study identified a large number of DEGs involved in the sex expression and reproduction of asparagus, including known genes participating in plant reproduction, plant hormone signaling, TF encoding, and genes with unclear functions. We also found that miRNAs might be involved in the sex differentiation process. Our study could provide a valuable basis for further investigations on the regulatory networks of sex determination and differentiation in asparagus and facilitate further genetic and genomic studies on this dioecious species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Fen Li
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007 China
| | - Guo-Jun Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003 China
| | - Xue-Jin Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007 China
| | - Jin-Hong Yuan
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007 China
| | - Chuan-Liang Deng
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007 China
| | - Wu-Jun Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007 China
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Ravid J, Spitzer-Rimon B, Takebayashi Y, Seo M, Cna'ani A, Aravena-Calvo J, Masci T, Farhi M, Vainstein A. GA as a regulatory link between the showy floral traits color and scent. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 215:411-422. [PMID: 28262954 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Emission of volatiles at advanced stages of flower development is a strategy used by plants to lure pollinators to the flower. We reveal that GA negatively regulates floral scent production in petunia. We used Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression of GA-20ox in petunia flowers and a virus-induced gene silencing approach to knock down DELLA expression, measured volatile emission, internal pool sizes and GA levels by GC-MS or LC-MS/MS, and analyzed transcript levels of scent-related phenylpropanoid-pathway genes. We show that GA has a negative effect on the concentrations of accumulated and emitted phenylpropanoid volatiles in petunia flowers; this effect is exerted through transcriptional/post-transcriptional downregulation of regulatory and biosynthetic scent-related genes. Both overexpression of GA20-ox, a GA-biosynthesis gene, and suppression of DELLA, a repressor of GA-signal transduction, corroborated GA's negative regulation of floral scent. We present a model in which GA-dependent timing of the sequential activation of different branches of the phenylpropanoid pathway during flower development may represent a link between the showy traits controlling pollinator attraction, namely color and scent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Ravid
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, PO Box 12, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ben Spitzer-Rimon
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, PO Box 12, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yumiko Takebayashi
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Mitsunori Seo
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Alon Cna'ani
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, PO Box 12, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Javiera Aravena-Calvo
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, PO Box 12, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Tania Masci
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, PO Box 12, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Moran Farhi
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, PO Box 12, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Alexander Vainstein
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, PO Box 12, Rehovot, Israel
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33
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Bemer M, van Dijk ADJ, Immink RGH, Angenent GC. Cross-Family Transcription Factor Interactions: An Additional Layer of Gene Regulation. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 22:66-80. [PMID: 27814969 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Specific and dynamic gene expression strongly depends on transcription factor (TF) activity and most plant TFs function in a combinatorial fashion. They can bind to DNA and control the expression of the corresponding gene in an additive fashion or cooperate by physical interactions, forming larger protein complexes. The importance of protein-protein interactions between members of a particular plant TF family has long been recognised; however, a significant number of interfamily TF interactions has recently been reported. The biological implications and the molecular mechanisms involved in cross-family interactions have now started to be elucidated and the examples illustrate potential roles in the bridging of biological processes. Hence, cross-family TF interactions expand the molecular toolbox for plants with additional mechanisms to control and fine-tune robust gene expression patterns and to adapt to their continuously changing environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Bemer
- Wageningen University and Research, Bioscience, Plant Developmental Systems, Wageningen, The Netherlands; Wageningen University and Research, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Aalt D J van Dijk
- Wageningen University and Research, Bioscience, Applied Bioinformatics, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Richard G H Immink
- Wageningen University and Research, Bioscience, Plant Developmental Systems, Wageningen, The Netherlands; Wageningen University and Research, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerco C Angenent
- Wageningen University and Research, Bioscience, Plant Developmental Systems, Wageningen, The Netherlands; Wageningen University and Research, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Sun P, Miao H, Yu X, Jia C, Liu J, Zhang J, Wang J, Wang Z, Wang A, Xu B, Jin Z. A Novel Role for Banana MaASR in the Regulation of Flowering Time in Transgenic Arabidopsis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160690. [PMID: 27486844 PMCID: PMC4972433 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The abscisic acid (ABA)-, stress-, and ripening-induced (ASR) protein is a plant-specific hydrophilic transcriptional factor involved in fruit ripening and the abiotic stress response. To date, there have been no studies on the role of ASR genes in delayed flowering time. Here, we found that the ASR from banana, designated as MaASR, was preferentially expressed in the banana female flowers from the eighth, fourth, and first cluster of the inflorescence. MaASR transgenic lines (L14 and L38) had a clear delayed-flowering phenotype. The number of rosette leaves, sepals, and pedicel trichomes in L14 and L38 was greater than in the wild type (WT) under long day (LD) conditions. The period of buds, mid-flowers, and full bloom of L14 and L38 appeared later than the WT. cDNA microarray and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analyses revealed that overexpression of MaASR delays flowering through reduced expression of several genes, including photoperiod pathway genes, vernalization pathway genes, gibberellic acid pathway genes, and floral integrator genes, under short days (SD) for 28 d (from vegetative to reproductive transition stage); however, the expression of the autonomous pathway genes was not affected. This study provides the first evidence of a role for ASR genes in delayed flowering time in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiguang Sun
- Haikou Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 570102, China
| | - Hongxia Miao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Xiaomeng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Caihong Jia
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Juhua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Jianbin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Jingyi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Anbang Wang
- Haikou Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 570102, China
| | - Biyu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
- * E-mail: (BX); (ZJ)
| | - Zhiqiang Jin
- Haikou Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 570102, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
- * E-mail: (BX); (ZJ)
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Liu K, Feng S, Pan Y, Zhong J, Chen Y, Yuan C, Li H. Transcriptome Analysis and Identification of Genes Associated with Floral Transition and Flower Development in Sugar Apple ( Annona squamosa L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1695. [PMID: 27881993 PMCID: PMC5101194 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Sugar apple (Annona squamosa L.) is a semi-deciduous subtropical tree that progressively sheds its leaves in the spring. However, little information is available on the mechanism involved in flower developmental pattern. To gain a global perspective on the floral transition and flower development of sugar apple, cDNA libraries were prepared independently from inflorescent meristem and three flowering stages. Illumina sequencing generated 107,197,488 high quality reads that were assembled into 71,948 unigenes, with an average sequence length of 825.40 bp. Among the unigenes, various transcription factor families involved in floral transition and flower development were elucidated. Furthermore, a Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis revealed that unigenes exhibiting differential expressions were involved in various phytohormone signal transduction events and circadian rhythms. In addition, 147 unigenes exhibiting sequence similarities to known flowering-related genes from other plants were differentially expressed during flower development. The expression patterns of 20 selected genes were validated using quantitative-PCR. The expression data presented in our study is the most comprehensive dataset available for sugar apple so far and will serve as a resource for investigating the genetics of the flowering process in sugar apple and other Annona species.
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36
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Zubairova US, Doroshkov AV. Wheat leaf epidermal pattern as a model for studying the influence of stress conditions on morphogenesis. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2015. [DOI: 10.18699/10.18699/vj18.32-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The leaf epidermis of a monocotyledonous plant is a widely used model system for studying the differentiation of plant cells, as it contains readily observable specialized cells. The approach proposed in this paper uses a growing cereal leaf to study stress-induced dynamic changes in morphogenesis. In the process of formation, the linear leaf of wheat remains in the stationary growth phase for long. This fact permits us to observe a series of successive morphogenetic events recorded in the cellular structure of the mature leaf. In studying the cellular architecture of the wheat leaf epidermis, we obtained and processed confocal 3D images of wheat leaves stained with fluorescent dyes. This procedure allows an accurate morphometric description and determination of quantitative characteristics of the leaf epidermal pattern. Low temperatures are among the factors limiting the growing of crop plants in the temperate zone. In the present work, we show significant aberrations of stomatal morphogenesis in the epidermis of boot leaves of wheat varieties Saratovskaya 29 and Yanetskis Probat in response to cold stress. We found that nonfunctional stomata predominated in the zone of maximum manifestation of stress, whereas in the zones formed before and after the stress impact, the developmental anomalies come to the disturbance in the morphogenesis of subsidiary cells. In Saratovskaya 29, a significant amount of ectopic trichomes formed in rows predetermined to stoma formation. The proposed approach can provide standardized qualitative and quantitative data on stressinduced morphogenesis aberrations in wheat leaf epidermis. Subsequently, these data can be used for verification of computer models of leaf morphogenesis. Further study of the mechanisms of the effect of cold stress on morphogenesis will add to the search for additional opportunities to increase wheat yields in areas of risky agriculture.
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