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Zhang X, Fujino K, Shimura H. Transcriptomic Analyses Reveal the Role of Cytokinin and the Nodal Stem in Microtuber Sprouting in Potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17534. [PMID: 38139361 PMCID: PMC10743403 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In potatoes, tuber secondary growth, especially sprouting, deforms the tubers and severely lowers their commercial value. Tuber sprouting is induced by signal substances, such as gibberellin (GA), which are transported to the tuber from the plant body. The molecular mechanism underlying GA-induced sprouting remains ambiguous. Here, we tried to recreate tuber secondary growth using in vitro stemmed microtubers (MTs) (with the nodal stem attached) and MT halves (with the nodal stem entirely removed). Our experiments showed that GA alone could initiate the sprouting of stemmed microtubers; however, GA failed to initiate MT halves unless 6-benzyladenine, a synthetic cytokinin CK, was co-applied. Here, we analyzed the transcriptional profiles of sprouting buds using these in vitro MTs. RNA-seq analysis revealed a downregulation of cytokinin-activated signaling but an upregulation of the "Zeatin biosynthesis" pathway, as shown by increased expression of CYP735A, CISZOG, and UGT85A1 in sprouting buds; additionally, the upregulation of genes, such as IAA15, IAA22, and SAUR50, associated with auxin-activated signaling and one abscisic acid (ABA) negative regulator, PLY4, plays a vital role during sprouting growth. Our findings indicate that the role of the nodal stem is synonymous with CK in sprouting growth, suggesting that CK signaling and homeostasis are critical to supporting GA-induced sprouting. To effectively control tuber sprouting, more effort is required to be devoted to these critical genes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kaien Fujino
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-9 Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan; (X.Z.)
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Jiang Z, Chen Q, Chen L, Yang H, Zhu M, Ding Y, Li W, Liu Z, Jiang Y, Li G. Efficiency of Sucrose to Starch Metabolism Is Related to the Initiation of Inferior Grain Filling in Large Panicle Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:732867. [PMID: 34589107 PMCID: PMC8473919 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.732867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The poor grain-filling initiation often causes the poor development of inferior spikelets (IS) which limits the yield potential of large panicle rice (Oryza sativa L.). However, it remains unclear why IS often has poor grain-filling initiation. In addressing this problem, this study conducted a field experiment involving two large panicle rice varieties, namely CJ03 and W1844, in way of removing the superior spikelets (SS) during flowering to force enough photosynthate transport to the IS. The results of this study showed that the grain-filling initiation of SS was much earlier than the IS in CJ03 and W1844, whereas the grain-filling initiation of IS in W1844 was evidently more promoted compared with the IS of CJ03 by removing spikelets. The poor sucrose-unloading ability, i.e., carbohydrates contents, the expression patterns of OsSUTs, and activity of CWI, were highly improved in IS of CJ03 and W1844 by removing spikelets. However, there was a significantly higher rise in the efficiency of sucrose to starch metabolism, i.e., the expression patterns of OsSUS4 and OsAGPL1 and activities of SuSase and AGPase, for IS of W1844 than that of CJ03. Removing spikelets also led to the changes in sugar signaling of T6P and SnRK1 level. These changes might be related to the regulation of sucrose to starch metabolism. The findings of this study suggested that poor sucrose-unloading ability delays the grain-filling initiation of IS. Nonetheless, the efficiency of sucrose to starch metabolism is also strongly linked with the grain-filling initiation of IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengrong Jiang
- College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiuli Chen
- College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Chen
- College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing, China
- National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongyi Yang
- College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing, China
| | - Meichen Zhu
- College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanfeng Ding
- College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing, China
- National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiwei Li
- College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing, China
- National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenghui Liu
- College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing, China
- National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing, China
- National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing, China
| | - Ganghua Li
- College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing, China
- National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing, China
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Saidi A, Hajibarat Z. Phytohormones: plant switchers in developmental and growth stages in potato. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2021; 19:89. [PMID: 34142228 PMCID: PMC8211815 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-021-00192-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Potato is one of the most important food crops worldwide, contributing key nutrients to the human diet. Plant hormones act as vital switchers in the regulation of various aspects of developmental and growth stages in potato. Due to the broad impacts of hormones on many developmental processes, their role in potato growth and developmental stages has been investigated. This review presents a description of hormonal basic pathways, various interconnections between hormonal network and reciprocal relationships, and clarification of molecular events underlying potato growth. In the last decade, new findings have emerged regarding their function during sprout development, vegetative growth, tuber initiation, tuber development, and maturation in potato. Hormones can control the regulation of various aspects of growth and development in potato, either individually or in combination with other hormones. The molecular characterization of interplay between cytokinins (CKs), abscisic acid (ABA), and auxin and/or gibberellins (GAs) during tuber formation requires further undertaking. Recently, new evidences regarding the relative functions of hormones during various stages and an intricate network of several hormones controlling potato tuber formation are emerging. Although some aspects of their functions are widely covered, remarkable breaks in our knowledge and insights yet exist in the regulation of hormonal networks and their interactions during different stages of growth and various aspects of tuber formation. SHORT CONCLUSION The present review focuses on the relative roles of hormones during various developmental stages with a view to recognize their mechanisms of function in potato tuber development. For better insight, relevant evidences available on hormonal interaction during tuber development in other species are also described. We predict that the present review highlights some of the conceptual developments in the interplay of hormones and their associated downstream events influencing tuber formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Saidi
- Department of Plant Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Zahra Hajibarat
- Department of Plant Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
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Salam BB, Barbier F, Danieli R, Teper-Bamnolker P, Ziv C, Spíchal L, Aruchamy K, Shnaider Y, Leibman D, Shaya F, Carmeli-Weissberg M, Gal-On A, Jiang J, Ori N, Beveridge C, Eshel D. Sucrose promotes stem branching through cytokinin. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 185:1708-1721. [PMID: 33793932 PMCID: PMC8133652 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Shoot branching is an important aspect of plant architecture because it substantially affects plant biology and agricultural performance. Sugars play an important role in the induction of shoot branching in several species, including potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). However, the mechanism by which sugars affect shoot branching remains mostly unknown. In the present study, we addressed this question using sugar-mediated induction of bud outgrowth in potato stems under etiolated conditions. Our results indicate that sucrose feeding to detached stems promotes the accumulation of cytokinin (CK), as well as the expression of vacuolar invertase (VInv), an enzyme that contributes to sugar sink strength. These effects of sucrose were suppressed by CK synthesis and perception inhibitors, while CK supplied to detached stems induced bud outgrowth and VInv activity in the absence of sucrose. CK-induced bud outgrowth was suppressed in vinv mutants, which we generated by genome editing. Altogether, our results identify a branching-promoting module, and suggest that sugar-induced lateral bud outgrowth is in part promoted by the induction of CK-mediated VInv activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolaji Babajide Salam
- Department of Postharvest Science, The Volcani Center, ARO, Rishon LeZion, Israel
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Francois Barbier
- The University of Queensland, School of Biological Sciences, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Raz Danieli
- Department of Postharvest Science, The Volcani Center, ARO, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | | | - Carmit Ziv
- Department of Postharvest Science, The Volcani Center, ARO, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Lukáš Spíchal
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University in Olomouc, Czech Republic (L.S.)
| | - Kalaivani Aruchamy
- Department of Postharvest Science, The Volcani Center, ARO, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Yula Shnaider
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, The Volcani Center, ARO, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Diana Leibman
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, The Volcani Center, ARO, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Felix Shaya
- Department of Fruit Tree Sciences, The Volcani Center, ARO, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | | | - Amit Gal-On
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, The Volcani Center, ARO, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Jiming Jiang
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Naomi Ori
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Christine Beveridge
- The University of Queensland, School of Biological Sciences, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Dani Eshel
- Department of Postharvest Science, The Volcani Center, ARO, Rishon LeZion, Israel
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5
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Convergence and Divergence of Sugar and Cytokinin Signaling in Plant Development. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031282. [PMID: 33525430 PMCID: PMC7865218 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants adjust their growth and development through a sophisticated regulatory system integrating endogenous and exogenous cues. Many of them rely on intricate crosstalk between nutrients and hormones, an effective way of coupling nutritional and developmental information and ensuring plant survival. Sugars in their different forms such as sucrose, glucose, fructose and trehalose-6-P and the hormone family of cytokinins (CKs) are major regulators of the shoot and root functioning throughout the plant life cycle. While their individual roles have been extensively investigated, their combined effects have unexpectedly received little attention, resulting in many gaps in current knowledge. The present review provides an overview of the relationship between sugars and CKs signaling in the main developmental transition during the plant lifecycle, including seed development, germination, seedling establishment, root and shoot branching, leaf senescence, and flowering. These new insights highlight the diversity and the complexity of the crosstalk between sugars and CKs and raise several questions that will open onto further investigations of these regulation networks orchestrating plant growth and development.
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Schneider A, Godin C, Boudon F, Demotes-Mainard S, Sakr S, Bertheloot J. Light Regulation of Axillary Bud Outgrowth Along Plant Axes: An Overview of the Roles of Sugars and Hormones. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1296. [PMID: 31681386 PMCID: PMC6813921 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Apical dominance, the process by which the growing apical zone of the shoot inhibits bud outgrowth, involves an intricate network of several signals in the shoot. Auxin originating from plant apical region inhibits bud outgrowth indirectly. This inhibition is in particular mediated by cytokinins and strigolactones, which move from the stem to the bud and that respectively stimulate and repress bud outgrowth. The action of this hormonal network is itself modulated by sugar levels as competition for sugars, caused by the growing apical sugar sink, may deprive buds from sugars and prevents bud outgrowth partly by their signaling role. In this review, we analyze recent findings on the interaction between light, in terms of quantity and quality, and apical dominance regulation. Depending on growth conditions, light may trigger different pathways of the apical dominance regulatory network. Studies pinpoint to the key role of shoot-located cytokinin synthesis for light intensity and abscisic acid synthesis in the bud for R:FR in the regulation of bud outgrowth by light. Our analysis provides three major research lines to get a more comprehensive understanding of light effects on bud outgrowth. This would undoubtedly benefit from the use of computer modeling associated with experimental observations to deal with a regulatory system that involves several interacting signals, feedbacks, and quantitative effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Schneider
- IRHS, INRA, Agrocampus-Ouest, Université d’Angers, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Christophe Godin
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, INRIA, Lyon, France
| | | | | | - Soulaiman Sakr
- IRHS, INRA, Agrocampus-Ouest, Université d’Angers, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Jessica Bertheloot
- IRHS, INRA, Agrocampus-Ouest, Université d’Angers, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, Beaucouzé, France
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Zhang J, Zhang D, Wei J, Shi X, Ding H, Qiu S, Guo J, Li D, Zhu K, Horvath DP, Xia Y. Annual growth cycle observation, hybridization and forcing culture for improving the ornamental application of Paeonia lactiflora Pall. in the low-latitude regions. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218164. [PMID: 31194806 PMCID: PMC6564672 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Expanding the southern range of herbaceous peony (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.) is a meaningful and worthwhile horticultural endeavor in the Northern Hemisphere. However, high temperatures in winter seriously hinder the bud dormancy release and flowering of peony in the more southern areas of subtropical and tropical regions. Resource introduction and hybridization can contribute to creating new cultivars with high adaptability in a warmer winter climate. In this study, three representative cultivars of P. lactiflora were screened for flowering capabilities and their annual growth cycles were observed to provide information needed for hybridization. Among these three cultivars, ‘Hang Baishao’ is the best adapted cultivar for southern growing regions and is unique in its ability to thrive in southern areas of N 30°00’. Pollen viability of ‘Hang Baishao’ was 55.60% based on five measuring methods, which makes it an excellent male parent in hybridization. Hybrid plants among these three cultivars grew well, but all of their flower buds aborted. Additionally, the ability of three growth regulators that advance the flowering of ‘Hang Baishao’ to promote an indoor cultivation strategy for improving peony application as a potted or cut-flower plant was tested. 5-azacytidine could impact the growth of ‘Hang Baishao’ and induce dwarfism and small flowers but not advance the flowering time. Gibberellin A3 promoted the sprouting and growth significantly, but all plants eventually withered. Chilling at 0–4°C for four weeks and irrigation with 300 mg/L humic acid was the optimal combination used to hasten flowering and ensure flowering quality simultaneously. These results can lay the foundation for future studies on the chilling requirement trait, bud dormancy release and key functional gene exploration of herbaceous peony. Additionally, this study can also provide guidance for expanding the range of economically important plants with the winter dormancy trait to the low-latitude regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaping Zhang
- Physiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, Institute of Landscape Architecture, College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Physiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, Institute of Landscape Architecture, College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jianfen Wei
- Research & Development Center, Hangzhou Landscaping Incorporated, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaohua Shi
- Research & Development Centre of Flower, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Huaqiao Ding
- Research & Development Centre of Flower, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shuai Qiu
- Research & Development Center, Hangzhou Landscaping Incorporated, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Juan Guo
- Research & Development Center, Hangzhou Landscaping Incorporated, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Danqin Li
- Physiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, Institute of Landscape Architecture, College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Kaiyuan Zhu
- Research & Development Centre of Flower, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - David P. Horvath
- Sunflower and Plant Biology Research, Red River Valley Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Fargo, North Dakota, United States of America
- * E-mail: (YX); (DH)
| | - Yiping Xia
- Physiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, Institute of Landscape Architecture, College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- * E-mail: (YX); (DH)
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8
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New fluorescently labeled auxins exhibit promising anti-auxin activity. N Biotechnol 2019; 48:44-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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9
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Teper-Bamnolker P, Buskila Y, Belausov E, Wolf D, Doron-Faigenboim A, Ben-Dor S, Van der Hoorn RAL, Lers A, Eshel D. Vacuolar processing enzyme activates programmed cell death in the apical meristem inducing loss of apical dominance. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2017; 40:2381-2392. [PMID: 28755442 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tuber is a swollen underground stem that can sprout in an apical dominance (AD) pattern. Bromoethane (BE) induces loss of AD and the accumulation of vegetative vacuolar processing enzyme (S. tuberosum vacuolar processing enzyme [StVPE]) in the tuber apical meristem (TAM). Vacuolar processing enzyme activity, induced by BE, is followed by programmed cell death in the TAM. In this study, we found that the mature StVPE1 (mVPE) protein exhibits specific activity for caspase 1, but not caspase 3 substrates. Optimal activity of mVPE was achieved at acidic pH, consistent with localization of StVPE1 to the vacuole, at the edge of the TAM. Downregulation of StVPE1 by RNA interference resulted in reduced stem branching and retained AD in tubers treated with BE. Overexpression of StVPE1 fused to green fluorescent protein showed enhanced stem branching after BE treatment. Our data suggest that, following stress, induction of StVPE1 in the TAM induces AD loss and stem branching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Teper-Bamnolker
- Department of Postharvest and Food Sciences, ARO, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, HaMacabim 68, 75359, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Yossi Buskila
- Department of Postharvest and Food Sciences, ARO, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, HaMacabim 68, 75359, Rishon LeZion, Israel
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Herzl 267, 76100, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eduard Belausov
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, ARO, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, HaMacabim 68, 75359, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Dalia Wolf
- Department of Vegetables and Field Crops, ARO, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, HaMacabim 68, 75359, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Adi Doron-Faigenboim
- Institute of Plant Sciences, ARO, The Volcani Center, HaMacabim 68, 75359, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Shifra Ben-Dor
- Department of Biological Services, Weizmann Institute of Science, Herzl 234, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Renier A L Van der Hoorn
- Plant Chemetics Laboratory, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road Oxford, OX1 3RB, Oxford, UK
| | - Amnon Lers
- Department of Postharvest and Food Sciences, ARO, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, HaMacabim 68, 75359, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Dani Eshel
- Department of Postharvest and Food Sciences, ARO, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, HaMacabim 68, 75359, Rishon LeZion, Israel
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