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Xiao Y, Chen X, Yin Y, Zheng J, Yi H, Song L. Comparative genetic and epigenetic of the Sphagneticola trilobata (L.) Pruski from different regions in China. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:289. [PMID: 37254044 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04277-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sphagneticola trilobata (L.) Pruski is a prevalent and widely distributed invasive plant in South China. To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying its rapid adaptation, we employed DNA methylation-sensitive amplified polymorphism (MSAP) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) analysis to study 60 S. trilobata individuals collected from Fuzhou (FZ), Haikou (HK), Jinghong (JH) and Guangzhou (GZ). RESULTS In this study, we computed the Shannon diversity index (I) of SSR and MSAP as 0.354 and 0.303, respectively. The UPGMA phylogenetic tree and PCoA analyses showed that MSAP had a better discriminatory power to distinguish populations from different regions. Notably, the GZ population was found to be the most distinct from the other three populations. Moreover, Mantel analysis revealed a significantly higher correlation between epigenetic distance and geographic distance as compared to genetic distance and geographic distance. Consequently, the correlation between epigenetic distance and geographic distance observed to be markedly stronger than that between genetic distance and geographical distance on Mantel analysis. CONCLUSIONS The S. trilobata populations in various regions displayed a high of complementary genetic and epigenetic diversity, which was a key feature contributing to their rapid invasion. Interestingly, the correlation between epigenetics and geographical distance was significantly stronger than that observed for genetics and geographical distance. These findings indicated that the epigenetic mechanism of S. trilobar exhibited high plasticity, leading to significant differences in methylation pattern across different populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusha Xiao
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xiuqing Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yuhan Yin
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jiening Zheng
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Huixian Yi
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Liying Song
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Magangana TP, Makunga NP, Fawole OA, Stander MA, Opara UL. Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Metabolomic Characterization of Blanched Pomegranate Peel Extracts: Effect of Cultivar. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27092979. [PMID: 35566329 PMCID: PMC9101763 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hot water blanching at 80 °C for 3 min can be used as a novel pre-treatment step in pomegranate peel to preserve the integrity of the phytochemical content within the peel extracts by lowering or inactivating enzymes such as polyphenol (PPO) oxidase and peroxidase (POD) that are responsible for the break-down of phytochemicals within the peel. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of hot water blanching pre-treatment on yield, bioactive compounds, antioxidants, enzyme inactivation, and antibacterial activity of ‘Wonderful’, ‘Acco’, and ‘Herskawitz’ pomegranate peel extracts. We used a variety of spectrophotometric-based assays and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based approach to characterize and quantify metabolites within the peel extracts. Blanching significantly (p < 0.05) reduced PPO activity in all peel extracts, with the highest PPO reduction in ‘Herskawitz’ peel extracts at 0.25 U/mL. Furthermore, higher antioxidant activity in ‘Herskawitz’ blanched peel extracts using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) antioxidant activity, ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activity at 567.78 ± 9.47 µmol Trolox/g DM, 800.05 ± 1.60 µmol Trolox/g DM, and 915.27 ± 0.61 µmol Trolox/g DM, respectively, was noted. ‘Herskawitz’ blanched peel extracts were recorded with the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 80 µg/mL for Gram-positive Bacillus subtilis and Gram-negative Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteria strains. A total of 30 metabolites were present in ‘Acco’ and ‘Herskawitz’ peel extracts and were tentatively identified after LC-MS profiling. This study demonstrates that blanched peel extracts from ‘Herskawitz’ cultivar have great potential for commercial use in value-added products in the nutraceutical, cosmeceutical, and pharmacological industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tandokazi Pamela Magangana
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa;
- SARChI Postharvest Technology Research Laboratory, Faculty of AgriSciences, Africa Institute for Postharvest Technology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa
| | - Nokwanda P. Makunga
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa;
- Correspondence: (N.P.M.); (O.A.F.); (U.L.O.)
| | - Olaniyi Amos Fawole
- Postharvest Research Laboratory, Department of Botany and Plant Biotechnology, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa
- Correspondence: (N.P.M.); (O.A.F.); (U.L.O.)
| | - Maria A. Stander
- Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa;
| | - Umezuruike Linus Opara
- SARChI Postharvest Technology Research Laboratory, Faculty of AgriSciences, Africa Institute for Postharvest Technology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa
- UNESCO International Centre for Biotechnology, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria
- Correspondence: (N.P.M.); (O.A.F.); (U.L.O.)
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Breeding Canola ( Brassica napus L.) for Protein in Feed and Food. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10102220. [PMID: 34686029 PMCID: PMC8539702 DOI: 10.3390/plants10102220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Interest in canola (Brassica napus L.). In response to this interest, scientists have been tasked with altering and optimizing the protein production chain to ensure canola proteins are safe for consumption and economical to produce. Specifically, the role of plant breeders in developing suitable varieties with the necessary protein profiles is crucial to this interdisciplinary endeavour. In this article, we aim to provide an overarching review of the canola protein chain from the perspective of a plant breeder, spanning from the genetic regulation of seed storage proteins in the crop to advancements of novel breeding technologies and their application in improving protein quality in canola. A review on the current uses of canola meal in animal husbandry is presented to underscore potential limitations for the consumption of canola meal in mammals. General discussions on the allergenic potential of canola proteins and the regulation of novel food products are provided to highlight some of the challenges that will be encountered on the road to commercialization and general acceptance of canola protein as a dietary protein source.
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Parry G, Benitez-Alfonso Y, Gibbs DJ, Grant M, Harper A, Harrison CJ, Kaiserli E, Leonelli S, May S, McKim S, Spoel S, Turnbull C, van der Hoorn RAL, Murray J. How to build an effective research network: lessons from two decades of the GARNet plant science community. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:6881-6889. [PMID: 32898228 PMCID: PMC7906777 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Successful collaborative research is dependent on excellent ideas and innovative experimental approaches, as well as the provision of appropriate support networks. Collaboration requires venues, infrastructures, training facilities, and, perhaps most importantly, a sustained commitment to work together as a community. These activities do not occur without significant effort, yet can be facilitated and overseen by the leadership of a research network that has a clearly defined role to help build resources for their community. Over the past 20 years, this is a role that the UKRI-BBSRC-funded GARNet network has played in the support of the UK curiosity-driven, discovery-led plant science research community. This article reviews the lessons learnt by GARNet in the hope that they can inform the practical implementation of current and future research networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geraint Parry
- GARNet, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | | | - Murray Grant
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, UK
| | | | - C Jill Harrison
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Eirini Kaiserli
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Sabina Leonelli
- Exeter Centre for the Study of the Life Sciences, University of Exeter, UK
| | - Sean May
- Nottingham Arabidopsis Stock Centre, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - Sarah McKim
- School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee and James Hutton Institute, UK
| | - Steven Spoel
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | | | | | - James Murray
- GARNet, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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Sui X, Zhao M, Xu Z, Zhao L, Han X. RrGT2, A Key Gene Associated with Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Rosa rugosa, Was Identified Via Virus-Induced Gene Silencing and Overexpression. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E4057. [PMID: 30558205 PMCID: PMC6321322 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19124057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a gene with a full-length cDNA of 1422 bp encoding 473 amino acids, designated RrGT2, was isolated from R. rugosa 'Zizhi' and then functionally characterized. RrGT2 transcripts were detected in various tissues and were proved that their expression patterns corresponded with anthocyanins accumulation. Functional verification of RrGT2 in R. rugosa was performed via VIGS. When RrGT2 was silenced, the Rosa plants displayed a pale petal color phenotype. The detection results showed that the expression of RrGT2 was significantly downregulated, which was consistent with the decrease of all anthocyanins; while the expression of six key upstream structural genes was normal. Additionally, the in vivo function of RrGT2 was investigated via its overexpression in tobacco. In transgenic tobacco plants expressing RrGT2, anthocyanin accumulation was induced in the flowers, indicating that RrGT2 could encode a functional GT protein for anthocyanin biosynthesis and could function in other species. The application of VIGS in transgenic tobacco resulted in the treated tobacco plants presenting flowers whose phenotypes were lighter in color than those of normal plants. These results also validated and affirmed previous conclusions. Therefore, we speculated that glycosylation of RrGT2 plays a crucial role in anthocyanin biosynthesis in R. rugosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Sui
- Flower Research Laboratory, College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China.
| | - Mingyuan Zhao
- Flower Research Laboratory, College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China.
| | - Zongda Xu
- Flower Research Laboratory, College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China.
| | - Lanyong Zhao
- Flower Research Laboratory, College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China.
| | - Xu Han
- Flower Research Laboratory, College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China.
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