Paydaş Hataysal E, Körez MK, Yeşildal F, İşman FK. A comparative evaluation of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol estimation: Machine learning algorithms versus various equations.
Clin Chim Acta 2024;
557:117853. [PMID:
38461864 DOI:
10.1016/j.cca.2024.117853]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Given the critical importance of Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels in determining cardiovascular risk, it is essential to measure LDL-C accurately. Since the Friedewald formula generates incorrect predictions in many circumstances, new equations have been developed to overcome the Friedewald equations' shortcomings. This study aimed to compare estimated LDL-C with directly measured LDL-C (dLDL-C), as well as their performance in predicting LDL-C, utilizing Friedewald, extended Martin-Hopkins, Sampson, de Cordova, and Vujovic formulas and five machine learning (ML) algorithms.
METHODS
A total of 29,504 samples from the ISLAB-2 Core Laboratory were included in the study. All statistical analysis was performed using R version 4.1.2. Statistical Language.
RESULTS
Bayesian-Regularized Neural Network (BRNN) (r = 0.957) and Random Forest (RF) (r = 0.957) algorithms showed a higher correlation with dLDL-C than the other equations in all-testing dataset. All ML algorithms demonstrated less bias than pre-existing LDL-C equations with dLDL-C and outperformed the LDL-C estimation equations in terms of concordance in all-testing dataset.
CONCLUSIONS
The results of our research indicate that when compared to conventional equations, ML algorithms are much more effective in predicting LDL-C. ML algorithms, aided by a vast dataset, could have the capability to predict LDL-C levels even in cases where triglyceride levels are high, unlike the limited usage of Friedewald formula.
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