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Sobolev V, Tchepourina E, Soboleva A, Denisova E, Korsunskaya I, Mezentsev A. PPAR-γ in Melanoma and Immune Cells: Insights into Disease Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Implications. Cells 2025; 14:534. [PMID: 40214488 PMCID: PMC11989151 DOI: 10.3390/cells14070534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2025] [Revised: 03/31/2025] [Accepted: 04/01/2025] [Indexed: 04/14/2025] Open
Abstract
Changes in skin pigmentation, like hyperpigmentation or moles, can affect appearance and social life. Unlike locally containable moles, malignant melanomas are aggressive and can spread rapidly, disproportionately affecting younger individuals with a high potential for metastasis. Research has shown that the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) and its ligands exhibit protective effects against melanoma. As a transcription factor, PPAR-γ is crucial in functions like fatty acid storage and glucose metabolism. Activation of PPAR-γ promotes lipid uptake and enhances sensitivity to insulin. In many cases, it also inhibits the growth of cancer cell lines, like breast, gastric, lung, and prostate cancer. In melanoma, PPAR-γ regulates cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and survival. During tumorigenesis, it controls metabolic changes and the immunogenicity of stromal cells. PPAR-γ agonists can target hypoxia-induced angiogenesis in tumor therapy, but their effects on tumors can be suppressive or promotional, depending on the tumor environment. Published data show that PPAR-γ-targeting agents can be effective in specific groups of patients, but further studies are needed to understand lesser-known biological effects of PPAR-γ and address the existing safety concerns. This review provides a summary of the current understanding of PPAR-γ and its involvement in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Sobolev
- Laboratory of Physicochemical and Genetic Problems in Dermatology, Center for Theoretical Problems of Physico-Chemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 109029, Russia; (V.S.); (E.T.); (A.S.); (E.D.); (I.K.)
| | - Ekaterina Tchepourina
- Laboratory of Physicochemical and Genetic Problems in Dermatology, Center for Theoretical Problems of Physico-Chemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 109029, Russia; (V.S.); (E.T.); (A.S.); (E.D.); (I.K.)
| | - Anna Soboleva
- Laboratory of Physicochemical and Genetic Problems in Dermatology, Center for Theoretical Problems of Physico-Chemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 109029, Russia; (V.S.); (E.T.); (A.S.); (E.D.); (I.K.)
| | - Elena Denisova
- Laboratory of Physicochemical and Genetic Problems in Dermatology, Center for Theoretical Problems of Physico-Chemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 109029, Russia; (V.S.); (E.T.); (A.S.); (E.D.); (I.K.)
- Moscow Center of Dermatovenerology and Cosmetology, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Irina Korsunskaya
- Laboratory of Physicochemical and Genetic Problems in Dermatology, Center for Theoretical Problems of Physico-Chemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 109029, Russia; (V.S.); (E.T.); (A.S.); (E.D.); (I.K.)
| | - Alexandre Mezentsev
- Laboratory of Physicochemical and Genetic Problems in Dermatology, Center for Theoretical Problems of Physico-Chemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 109029, Russia; (V.S.); (E.T.); (A.S.); (E.D.); (I.K.)
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Zhu Q, Luo D, Li Y, Yu L, Zhang Z, Ouyang F, Li L, Lu M, Hu C, Dong Y, Ma C, Liang Y, Zhao TJ, Chen FJ, Li P, Yang TS. CIDEC/FSP27 exacerbates obesity-related abdominal aortic aneurysm by promoting perivascular adipose tissue inflammation. LIFE METABOLISM 2025; 4:loae035. [PMID: 39872985 PMCID: PMC11770823 DOI: 10.1093/lifemeta/loae035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2024] [Accepted: 09/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2025]
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is strongly correlated with obesity, partially due to the abnormal expansion of abdominal perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT). Cell death-inducing DNA fragmentation factor-like effector C (CIDEC), also known as fat-specific protein 27 (FSP27) in rodents, is specifically expressed in adipose tissue where it mediates lipid droplet fusion and adipose tissue expansion. Whether and how CIDEC/FSP27 plays a role in AAA pathology remains elusive. Here, we show that FSP27 exacerbates obesity and angiotensin Ⅱ (Ang Ⅱ)-induced AAA progression. FSP27 deficiency in mice inhibited high-fat diet-induced PVAT expansion and inflammation. Both global and adipose tissue-specific FSP27 ablation significantly decreased obesity-related AAA incidence. Deficiency of FSP27 in adipocytes abrogated matrix metalloproteinase-12 (MMP12) expression in aortic tissues. Infiltrated macrophages, which partially colocalize with MMP12, were significantly decreased in the FSP27-deficient aorta. Mechanistically, knockdown of Fsp27 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes inhibited C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) expression and secretion through a c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)-dependent pathway, thereby leading to reduced induction of macrophage migration, while Cidec overexpression rescued this effect. Overall, our study demonstrates that CIDEC/FSP27 in adipose tissue contributes to obesity-related AAA formation, at least in part, by enhancing PVAT inflammation and macrophage infiltration, thus shedding light on its significance as a key regulator in the context of obesity-related AAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Da Luo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
- Shanghai Qi Zhi Institute, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yining Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Liyang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100086, China
| | - Zixuan Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Feng Ouyang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Liangkui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100086, China
| | - Manxi Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Changyong Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yinuo Dong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Chengxin Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Tong-Jin Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Feng-Jung Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
- Shanghai Qi Zhi Institute, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Peng Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
- Shanghai Qi Zhi Institute, Shanghai 200030, China
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100086, China
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjian Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Tian-Shu Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
- Shanghai Qi Zhi Institute, Shanghai 200030, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Lung Inflammation and Injury, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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Lu M, Luo D, Zhang Z, Ouyang F, Shi Y, Hu C, Su H, Li Y, Zhang J, Gui Q, Yang TS. Branched-chain amino acid catabolism promotes M2 macrophage polarization. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1469163. [PMID: 39582859 PMCID: PMC11582057 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1469163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 10/24/2024] [Indexed: 11/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction During an immune response, macrophages undergo systematic metabolic rewiring tailored to support their functions. Branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) metabolism has been reported to modulate macrophage function; however, its role in macrophage alternative activation remain unclear. We aimed to investigate the role of BCAA metabolism in macrophage alternative activation. Method The metabolomics of BMDM-derived M0 and M2 macrophages were analyzed using LC-MS. BCAAs were supplemented and genes involved in BCAA catabolism were inhibited during M2 macrophage polarization. The expression of M2 marker genes was assessed through RT-qPCR, immunofluorescence, and flow cytometry. Results and discussion Metabolomic analysis identified increased BCAA metabolism as one of the most significantly rewired pathways upon alternative activation. M2 macrophages had significantly lower BCAA levels compared to controls. BCAA supplementation promoted M2 macrophage polarization both in vitro and in vivo and increased oxidative phosphorylation in M2 macrophages. Blocking BCAA entry into mitochondria by knockdown of SLC25A44 inhibited M2 macrophage polarization. Furthermore, M2 macrophages polarization was suppressed by knockdown of Branched-chain amino-acid transaminase 2 (BCAT2) and branched chain keto acid dehydrogenase E1 subunit alpha (BCKDHA), both of which are key enzymes involved in BCAA oxidation. Overall, our findings suggest that BCAA catabolism plays an important role in polarization toward M2 macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manxi Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Da Luo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zixuan Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Ouyang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yihong Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Changyong Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hang Su
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yining Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayi Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Gui
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian-Shu Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjian Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Lung Inflammation and Injury, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Luo Z, Lu Y, Zheng S, Liu K, Fu W, Pan Y. Chemically Modified PPARγ mRNA Unleashes Adipogenic Potential in 3T3-L1-Predipocytes: An Approach for Accelerated Wound Healing. Int J Med Sci 2024; 21:2480-2493. [PMID: 39439458 PMCID: PMC11492871 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.97885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/31/2024] [Indexed: 10/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Adipocytes play a crucial role in tissue regeneration, contributing to the restoration of damaged areas and modulating the inflammatory milieu. The modulation of gene expression through chemically modified PPARγ mRNA (PPARγ-modRNA) introduces a sophisticated approach to precisely control adipogenic processes. This study aims to explore the adipogenic potential of the PPARγ-modRNA in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and its role in wound healing. Materials and Methods: We transfected 3T3-L1 preadipocytes with PPARγ-modRNA to investigate adipogenic differentiation and cellular proliferation in vitro. In vivo, we employed a murine full-thickness skin defect model and compared the effects of modRNA-mediated PPARγ overexpression with control groups. Additionally, we conducted RNA sequencing on luciferase-modified mRNA (LUC) and PPARγ-modRNA-transfected cells (PPAR) for a comprehensive understanding of molecular mechanisms. Results: PPARγ-modRNA significantly enhanced adipogenesis and proliferation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes in vitro. The injection of PPARγ-modified mRNA led to accelerated wound healing compared to the control groups in vivo. RNA sequencing revealed upregulation of adipogenesis-related genes in the PPAR group, notably associated with the TNF signaling pathway. Subsequently, the KEGG analysis indicated that modRNA-mediated PPARγ overexpression effectively promoted adipogenesis while inhibiting TNF-α-mediated inflammation and cellular apoptosis. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the innovative use of PPARγ-modRNA to induce adipogenesis and expedite wound healing. The nuclear expression of PPARγ through modRNA technology signifies a notable advancement, with implications for future therapeutic strategies targeting adipogenic processes and the inhibition of inflammation in the context of wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zucheng Luo
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yeheng Lu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaoluan Zheng
- Department of plastic and reconstructive surgery, Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Fu
- Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuyan Pan
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Su T, He Y, Huang Y, Ye M, Guo Q, Xiao Y, Cai G, Chen L, Li C, Zhou H, Luo X. Myeloid-derived grancalcin instigates obesity-induced insulin resistance and metabolic inflammation in male mice. Nat Commun 2024; 15:97. [PMID: 38167327 PMCID: PMC10762069 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43787-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The crosstalk between the bone and adipose tissue is known to orchestrate metabolic homeostasis, but the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. Herein, we find that GCA + (grancalcin) immune cells accumulate in the bone marrow and release a considerable amount of GCA into circulation during obesity. Genetic deletion of Gca in myeloid cells attenuates metabolic dysfunction in obese male mice, whereas injection of recombinant GCA into male mice causes adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance. Mechanistically, we found that GCA binds to the Prohibitin-2 (PHB2) receptor on adipocytes and activates the innate and adaptive immune response of adipocytes via the PAK1-NF-κB signaling pathway, thus provoking the infiltration of inflammatory immune cells. Moreover, we show that GCA-neutralizing antibodies improve adipose tissue inflammation and insulin sensitivity in obese male mice. Together, these observations define a mechanism whereby bone marrow factor GCA initiates adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance, showing that GCA could be a potential target to treat metainflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Su
- Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Yue He
- Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Mingsheng Ye
- Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Qi Guo
- Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Ye Xiao
- Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Guangping Cai
- Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Linyun Chen
- Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Changjun Li
- Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Haiyan Zhou
- Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
| | - Xianghang Luo
- Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
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Mazitova AM, Márquez-Sánchez AC, Koltsova EK. Fat and inflammation: adipocyte-myeloid cell crosstalk in atherosclerosis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1238664. [PMID: 37781401 PMCID: PMC10540690 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1238664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue inflammation has been implicated in various chronic inflammatory diseases and cancer. Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) surrounds the aorta as an extra layer and was suggested to contribute to atherosclerosis development. PVAT regulates the function of endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells in the aorta and represent a reservoir for various immune cells which may participate in aortic inflammation. Recent studies demonstrate that adipocytes also express various cytokine receptors and, therefore, may directly respond to inflammatory stimuli. Here we will summarize current knowledge on immune mechanisms regulating adipocyte activation and the crosstalk between myeloid cells and adipocytes in pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra M. Mazitova
- Cedars-Sinai Cancer, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ana Cristina Márquez-Sánchez
- Cedars-Sinai Cancer, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ekaterina K. Koltsova
- Cedars-Sinai Cancer, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Yoon JP, Park SJ, Kim DH, Chung SW. Metformin increases the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and inhibits supraspinatus fatty infiltration. J Orthop Surg Res 2023; 18:674. [PMID: 37700364 PMCID: PMC10496168 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-023-04163-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND After a rotator cuff (RC) tendon tear, the supraspinatus (SS) inflammatory response induces fatty infiltration (FI). Metformin has the effect of regulating the initial inflammatory response of atrophic muscles. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of metformin use on modulating the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and SS FI in an acute RC tear rat model. METHODS This study used 26 male Sprague-Dawley rats. Animals were randomly divided into two groups: The metformin group received metformin for 5 days after cutting the RC tendon, and the control group was administered only with saline after cutting the tendon. Metformin 50 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected for 5 days. Three rats in each group were sacrificed 5 days after SS tendon rupture surgery, and 10 rats in each group were sacrificed 14 days after surgery. The SS was sampled 5 days after SS tendon tear surgery, and the expression of proinflammatory cytokines was measured by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). On day 14 after sampling, histological analysis of the SS was performed using hematoxylin and eosin, Masson's trichrome, and picrosirius red staining. RESULTS On day 5 of surgery, the expression values of interferon gamma (increased 7.2-fold, P < .01), tumor necrosis factor alpha (increased 13-fold, P < .05), interleukin-1β (increased 4.7-fold, P < .001), and interleukin-6 (increased 4.6-fold, P < .01) increased significantly in the metformin group compared with those in the control group. As a result of Oil Red O staining, SS FI was significantly suppressed in the metformin group compared with that in the control group (metformin group, 305 ± 50.3 µm2, P < .001; control group, 3136 ± 662.8 µm2, P < .001). In addition, the SS volume of the metformin group was not reduced compared with those of the control group, and the morphology and structure of the SS were better preserved. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study revealed that metformin can increase the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and suppress SS fat infiltration in delayed sutures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Pil Yoon
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sung-Jin Park
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.
| | - Dong-Hyun Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Seok Won Chung
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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Du X, Hu Y, Huang G, Wei F. The metabolic adaptation in wild vertebrates via omics approaches. LIFE METABOLISM 2022; 1:234-241. [PMID: 39872075 PMCID: PMC11749369 DOI: 10.1093/lifemeta/loac040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2025]
Abstract
Metabolism is the basis for sustaining life and essential to the adaptive evolution of organisms. With the development of high-throughput sequencing technology, genetic mechanisms of adaptive evolution, including metabolic adaptation, have been extensively resolved by omics approaches, but a deep understanding of genetic and epigenetic metabolic adaptation is still lacking. Exploring metabolic adaptations from genetic and epigenetic perspectives in wild vertebrates is vital to understanding species evolution, especially for the early stages of adaptative evolution. Herein, we summarize the advances in our understanding of metabolic adaptations via omics approaches in wild vertebrates based on three types of cases: extreme environment, periodically changing environment, and changes of species characteristics. We conclude that the understanding of the formation of metabolic adaptations at the genetic level alone can well identify the adaptive genetic variation that has developed during evolution, but cannot resolve the potential impact of metabolic adaptations on the adaptative evolution in the future. Thus, it seems imperative to include epigenomics and metabolomics in the study of adaptation, and that in the future genomic and epigenetic data should be integrated to understand the formation of metabolic adaptation of wild vertebrate organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Du
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yisi Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Center for Evolution and Conservation Biology, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, Guangdong 511458, China
| | - Guangping Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Fuwen Wei
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Center for Evolution and Conservation Biology, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, Guangdong 511458, China
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