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Kohl S, Avni FE, Boor P, Capone V, Clapp WL, De Palma D, Harris T, Heidet L, Hilger AC, Liapis H, Lilien M, Manzoni G, Montini G, Negrisolo S, Pierrat MJ, Raes A, Reutter H, Schreuder MF, Weber S, Winyard PJD, Woolf AS, Schaefer F, Liebau MC. Definition, diagnosis and clinical management of non-obstructive kidney dysplasia: a consensus statement by the ERKNet Working Group on Kidney Malformations. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2022; 37:2351-2362. [PMID: 35772019 PMCID: PMC9681917 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfac207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney dysplasia is one of the most frequent causes of chronic kidney failure in children. While dysplasia is a histological diagnosis, the term 'kidney dysplasia' is frequently used in daily clinical life without histopathological confirmation. Clinical parameters of kidney dysplasia have not been clearly defined, leading to imprecise communication amongst healthcare professionals and patients. This lack of consensus hampers precise disease understanding and the development of specific therapies. Based on a structured literature search, we here suggest a common basis for clinical, imaging, genetic, pathological and basic science aspects of non-obstructive kidney dysplasia associated with functional kidney impairment. We propose to accept hallmark sonographic findings as surrogate parameters defining a clinical diagnosis of dysplastic kidneys. We suggest differentiated clinical follow-up plans for children with kidney dysplasia and summarize established monogenic causes for non-obstructive kidney dysplasia. Finally, we point out and discuss research gaps in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Kohl
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Cologne and Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Fred E Avni
- Department of Pediatric Imaging, Jeanne de Flandre Hospital, Lille University Hospitals, Lille Cedex, France
| | - Peter Boor
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany,Medical Clinic II (Nephrology and Immunology), University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Valentina Capone
- Pediatric Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - William L Clapp
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Diego De Palma
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Circolo Hospital and Macchi Foundation, ASST-settelaghi, Varese, Italy
| | - Tess Harris
- The Polycystic Kidney Disease Charity, London, UK
| | - Laurence Heidet
- Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Diseases, Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France,APHP, Service de Néphrologie Pédiatrique, Centre de Référence MARHEA, Hôpital universitaire Necker-Enfants malades, Paris, France
| | - Alina C Hilger
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany,Research Center On Rare Kidney Diseases (RECORD), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Helen Liapis
- Nephrology Center, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Marc Lilien
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gianantonio Manzoni
- Pediatric Urology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Montini
- Pediatric Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy,Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Susanna Negrisolo
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Molecular Biology of the Kidney, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Marie-Jeanne Pierrat
- Federation of European Patient Groups affected by Rare/Genetic Kidney Diseases (FEDERG), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ann Raes
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Heiko Reutter
- Research Center On Rare Kidney Diseases (RECORD), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany,Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michiel F Schreuder
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Amalia Children's Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Stefanie Weber
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Marburg Kidney Research Center, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Paul J D Winyard
- University College London Great Ormond Street, Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Adrian S Woolf
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK,Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester University National Health Service Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Franz Schaefer
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Yun K, Hurwitz AA, Perantoni AO. Constitutive metanephric mesenchyme-specific expression of interferon-gamma causes renal dysplasia by regulating Sall1 expression. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197356. [PMID: 29771971 PMCID: PMC5957351 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Transplacental viral and parasitic infections have been shown to initiate an innate response in the mammalian embryo by increasing the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interferon-gamma (Ifng). However, the developmental consequences of an activated innate immunity and, in particular, the effects of induction of Ifng expression independent of infection have been largely overlooked. Here, we demonstrate in vivo that the conditional overexpression of Ifng in metanephric mesenchymal (MM) progenitors results in renal agenesis or hypoplasia. Cell death was observed in and around the MM region of E10.5-11.5 mutants where Ifng was constitutively expressed during early kidney development and resulted in a retardation of branching morphogenesis. Furthermore, isolated mutant or normal Ifng-treated metanephroi replicated this phenotype in culture, demonstrating the inherent nature of the aberrant morphogenesis. The expression of renal progenitor marker Sall1 was significantly decreased in the MM of mutant kidneys, suggesting that a reduction in Sall1 may be the cause of cell death in the MM during early kidney development and that, in turn, retards UB branching in the mutants. Therefore, the aberrant induction of Ifng expression, as part of an innate immune response, may contribute to renal agenesis or hypoplasia during early metanephric development by regulating the MM progenitor population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangsun Yun
- National Cancer Institute/NIH, Cancer and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Frederick, MD, United States of America
| | - Arthur A. Hurwitz
- National Cancer Institute/NIH, Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, Frederick, MD, United States of America
| | - Alan O. Perantoni
- National Cancer Institute/NIH, Cancer and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Frederick, MD, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Kordi Tamandani DM, Naeimi N, Ghasemi A, Baranzahi T, Sadeghi-Bojd S. Analysis of the IL-10, IL-12, and TNF-α Gene Polymorphisms in Patients With Vesicoureteral Reflux Among the Southeast Iranian Population. Nephrourol Mon 2016; 8:e34061. [PMID: 27247930 PMCID: PMC4884403 DOI: 10.5812/numonthly.34061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is a common childhood disorder that is characterized by the abnormal movement of urine from the bladder into the ureters or kidneys. Objectives The aim of this study was to determine whether the genetic polymorphisms of the IL-10, IL-12, and TNF-α genes are involved in the development of VUR. Patients and Methods The tetra amplification mutation refractory system-polymerase chain reaction (Tetra-ARMS PCR) was applied to analyze the four polymorphic sites of the IL-10AG-1082, IL-10CA597, IL-12CA1188, and TNF308GA genes in 124 VUR children and 110 healthy controls. Results A significant, highly increased risk of VUR disease was found for the CA, AA, and combined genotypes of IL-10CA597 (OR = 5.2, 95% CL: 1.80 - 18.25; P = 0.0006, OR = 9.1, 95% CL: 1.11 - 122.75; P = 0.02, OR = 5.3, 95% CL: 1.82 - 18.61; P = 0.00052, respectively); the AG, GG, and AG + GG genotypes of IL-10AG-1082 (OR = 12.8, 95% CL; 2.9 - 113.9; P = 0.00003, OR = 12.62, 95% CL: 2.93 - 114.53; P = 0.00003, respectively); and the AA genotype of IL-12 (AA, OR = 0.19, 95% CL: 0.5 - 0.55; P = 0.0006). The frequency of the C allele in both IL-10CA and IL-12CA was greater in patients with VUR than in the healthy controls. No association was found between TNF308GA and the risk of VUR. Conclusions The results demonstrated significant associations between the IL-10 (AG-1089, IL-10CA) and IL-12 (AA) gene polymorphisms and a highly increased risk of VUR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dor Mohammad Kordi Tamandani
- Department of Biology, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Dor Mohammad Kordi Tamandani, Department of Biology, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, IR Iran. Tel: +98-5412452335, Fax: +98-5412446565, E-mail: dor_kordi @yahoo.com
| | - Nasim Naeimi
- Department of Biology, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, IR Iran
| | - Ali Ghasemi
- Department of Biology, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, IR Iran
| | - Taybe Baranzahi
- Children and Adolescent Health Research Center Zahedan, University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, IR Iran
| | - Simin Sadeghi-Bojd
- Children and Adolescent Health Research Center Zahedan, University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, IR Iran
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Pardo R, Málaga S, Alvarez V, Coto E. Vesicoureteric reflux and tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene polymorphism. J Pediatr Urol 2007; 3:24-7. [PMID: 18947693 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2006.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2005] [Accepted: 03/02/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
AIM To determine the role of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) gene polymorphism in promoting renal scarring among patients with vesicoureteric reflux (VUR). This genetic variant involves a guanosine to adenine transition at position -308, and this single-base polymorphism is associated with increased transcription of the TNF-alpha gene. Recent studies suggest that the TNF-alpha gene may be associated with predisposition to renal scarring. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 195 (51.8% females) patients with VUR demonstrated by voiding cystourethrogram were recruited, 126 of them with reflux nephropathy diagnosed by dimercaptosuccinic scan. The control group included 266 healthy individuals. Genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction and digestion with a restriction enzyme. RESULTS Allele frequencies of -308G and -308A were 83.8% and 16.2%, respectively in patients with VUR and 88.9% and 11.1%, respectively in controls (P<0.05). No differences were found in genotype distribution related to presence/absence of renal scars. There was no relationship between TNF-alpha genotype and grade of VUR or the presence of proteinuria. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that the TNF-alpha AA genotype is not associated with reflux nephropathy. The TNF-alpha-308A allele could be related to a higher susceptibility to VUR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Pardo
- Pediatric Nephrology Department, Instituto de Investigación Nefrológica, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, C/Celestino Villamil sn, CP 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
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de Bruin A, Wack R, Weisbrode SE. Persistent metanephric ducts in a geriatric white tiger. J Vet Diagn Invest 2005; 17:91-3. [PMID: 15690963 DOI: 10.1177/104063870501700122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An 18-year-old male intact white Tiger (Panthera tigris) was euthanized after a clinical diagnosis of severe renal failure. Postmortem macroscopic examination of the kidneys revealed unilateral hydronephrosis with renal calculi and bilateral cortical and medullary fibrosis and papillary coagulation necrosis. Interestingly, multiple large persistent metanephric ducts were found at the corticomedullary junctions accompanied by marked interstitial fibrosis, tubular atrophy, and lymphoplasmacytic interstitial nephritis. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of persistent metanephric ducts in cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain de Bruin
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43201, USA
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Woolf AS, Thiruchelvam N. Congenital obstructive uropathy: its origin and contribution to end-stage renal disease in children. ADVANCES IN RENAL REPLACEMENT THERAPY 2001; 8:157-63. [PMID: 11533916 DOI: 10.1053/jarr.2001.26348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Most children with end-stage renal failure are born with abnormal kidneys, with fetal obstructive uropathy accounting for about half these cases. Posterior urethral valves (PUV) is overwhelmingly the most common, specific diagnosis, and is confined to boys. In general, the condition is sporadic, although familial cases have been reported, perhaps suggesting that genetic factors play a role in pathogenesis. PUV can present antenatally, detected on routine fetal ultrasonography, or postnatally, when it is associated with renal failure and bladder dysfunction. Advances in postnatal surgery and medical management have reduced the mortality in PUV, but it is uncertain whether antenatal diagnosis or treatment (eg, with vesicoamniotic shunts) improves long-term renal outcome. Other disorders associated with human fetal obstructive uropathy are urethral atresia, the prune belly syndrome, and multicystic dysplastic kidney. The nephropathy associated with fetal obstructive uropathy is renal dysplasia and comprises undifferentiated and metaplastic tissues. Several studies in animals and in humans suggest that fetal urine flow impairment causes deregulation of renal precursor cell turnover and expression of growth factor/survival and transcription factor genes. Furthermore, some of these morphologic and molecular changes can be ameliorated experimentally by fetal surgical decompression or administration of specific growth factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Woolf
- Nephro-Urology Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
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Yang SP, Woolf AS, Yuan HT, Scott RJ, Risdon RA, O’Hare MJ, Winyard PJD. Potential biological role of transforming growth factor-beta1 in human congenital kidney malformations. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2000; 157:1633-47. [PMID: 11073823 PMCID: PMC3277215 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)64801-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Transformations between epithelial and mesenchymal cells are widespread during normal development and adult disease, and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) has been implicated in some of these phenotypic switches. Dysplastic kidneys are a common cause of chronic kidney failure in young children and result from perturbed epithelial-mesenchymal interactions. In this study, we found that components of the TGF-beta1 axis were expressed in these malformations: TGF-beta1 mRNA and protein were up-regulated in dysplastic epithelia and surrounding mesenchymal cells, whereas TGF-beta receptors I and II were expressed in aberrant epithelia. We generated a dysplastic kidney epithelial-like cell line that expressed cytokeratin, ZO1, and MET, and found that exogenous TGF-beta1 inhibited proliferation and decreased expression of PAX2 and BCL2, molecules characterizing dysplastic tubules in vivo. Furthermore, addition of TGF-beta1 specifically induced morphological changes compatible with a shift to a mesenchymal phenotype, accompanied by loss of ZO1 at cell borders and up-regulation of the mesenchymal markers alpha-smooth muscle actin and fibronectin. The descriptive and functional data presented in this report potentially implicate TGF-beta1 in the pathobiology of dysplastic kidneys and our results provide preliminary evidence that an epithelial-to-mesenchymal phenotypic switch may be implicated in a clinically important developmental aberration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rosemary J. Scott
- and the Ludwig Institute
for Cancer Research, University College London Breast Cancer
Laboratory,§
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