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Ali SN, Arif A, Ansari FA, Mahmood R. Cytoprotective effect of taurine against sodium chlorate-induced oxidative damage in human red blood cells: an ex vivo study. Amino Acids 2022; 54:33-46. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-021-03121-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Intestinal perforation associated with chlorine dioxide ingestion: an adult chronic consumer during COVID-19 pandemic. Clin J Gastroenterol 2021; 14:1655-1660. [PMID: 34664196 PMCID: PMC8522852 DOI: 10.1007/s12328-021-01527-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 pandemic is one of the most devastating worldwide crises in recent years. During this pandemic, people have been exposed to products that have not been proven to be safe and effective against COVID-19. We present an adult chronic consumer of chlorine dioxide, in which a fatal outcome is described. This case demonstrates that for people searching products to protect themselves from COVID-19, unregulated access to industrial disinfectants represents a dangerous alternative. To date, there is no scientific evidence to uphold the use of chlorine dioxide or chlorine derivatives as preventive or therapeutic agents against COVID-19. Researchers and general population must take into consideration the fatal possible consequences of not following communications and warnings from health authorities and government institutions.
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Medina-Avitia E, Tella-Vega P, García-Estrada C. Acute kidney injury secondary to chlorine dioxide use for COVID-19 prevention. Hemodial Int 2021; 25:E40-E43. [PMID: 34085396 PMCID: PMC8239815 DOI: 10.1111/hdi.12941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Chlorine dioxide has been historically used as a disinfecting agent for drinking water supplies and surfaces. Widespread use as an alternative option for prevention and treatment of COVID‐19 has emerged due to a lack of specific treatment. We present the case of a 55‐year‐old male who developed acute kidney injury and disseminated intravascular coagulation after chlorine dioxide prophylactic ingestion, with regression after therapy with hemodialysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Medina-Avitia
- Internal Medicine Department, General Hospital "Santiago Ramon y Cajal" ISSSTE Durango, Durango, Mexico
| | - Pamela Tella-Vega
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology Research, National Institute of Geriatrics, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Christian García-Estrada
- Internal Medicine Department, General Hospital "Santiago Ramon y Cajal" ISSSTE Durango, Durango, Mexico
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Amadasi A, Gentile G, Rancati A, Zoja R. Macroscopic and histopathological aspects of chemical damage to human tissues depending on the survival time. Int J Legal Med 2015; 130:743-9. [PMID: 26384506 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-015-1265-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The ingestion of corrosive substances is a widely treated topic in clinical and forensic practice, as an accidental event or as a consequence of voluntary assumption to commit suicide. However, thorough macroscopic and microscopic surveys focused on the correlation between the ingestion of the substance and different survival times have never been performed. Are the ingestion and the metabolism of the substance within the human tissues still recognizable? How could it be related to death? The study concerns a retrospective analysis on ten cases (two accidental, eight suicides) of lethal ingestion of different types of liquid caustic substances, without instant death and survival times ranging from 12 h to 6 months. For each case, a full autopsy and histological examination of the internal organs were performed. The results showed that the early direct effect of the substances is exerted mainly on the gastrointestinal tract, but as survival time increased, the metabolism of the substance exerted its effects in different target organs. When the cause of death was not directly linkable to the ingestion of the substance (i.e., related to cardiac stress, electrolyte disorders, pneumonia) and macroscopic findings were nonspecific, histological analyses allowed for providing crucial elements towards a link between death and assumption of the substance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Amadasi
- Sezione di Medicina Legale e delle Assicurazioni - Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Luigi Mangiagalli 37, Milano, Italy.
| | - Guendalina Gentile
- Sezione di Medicina Legale e delle Assicurazioni - Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Luigi Mangiagalli 37, Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandra Rancati
- Sezione di Medicina Legale e delle Assicurazioni - Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Luigi Mangiagalli 37, Milano, Italy
| | - Riccardo Zoja
- Sezione di Medicina Legale e delle Assicurazioni - Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Luigi Mangiagalli 37, Milano, Italy
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Thurlow JS, Little DJ, Baker TP, Yuan CM. Possible potassium chlorate nephrotoxicity associated with chronic matchstick ingestion. Clin Kidney J 2015; 6:316-8. [PMID: 26064493 PMCID: PMC4400479 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sft034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a case of a 48-year-old active duty male soldier with a history of chronic exposure to potassium chlorate, later diagnosed with chronic interstitial nephritis. He reported regular matchstick consumption to prevent chigger (Trombicula autumnalis) bites, amounting to ∼5.8 g of potassium chlorate over 3 years. Potassium chlorate can cause anuric renal failure within days of a toxic dose. Its slow excretion and mechanism of action suggest that renal toxicity may result from lower-dose chronic exposure. This case represents possible sequelae of chronic potassium chlorate ingestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Thurlow
- Nephrology Service, Department of Medicine , Walter Reed National Military Medical Center , Bethesda, MD , USA
| | - Dustin J Little
- Nephrology Service, Department of Medicine , Walter Reed National Military Medical Center , Bethesda, MD , USA
| | - Thomas P Baker
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Services , Walter Reed National Military Medical Center , Bethesda, MD , USA
| | - Christina M Yuan
- Nephrology Service, Department of Medicine , Walter Reed National Military Medical Center , Bethesda, MD , USA
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Gebhardtova A, Vavrinec P, Vavrincova-Yaghi D, Seelen M, Dobisova A, Flassikova Z, Cikova A, Henning RH, Yaghi A. A case of severe chlorite poisoning successfully treated with early administration of methylene blue, renal replacement therapy, and red blood cell transfusion: case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2014; 93:e60. [PMID: 25144325 PMCID: PMC4602424 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000000060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The case of a 55-year-old man who attempted suicide by ingesting <100 mL of 28% sodium chlorite solution is presented. On arrival in the intensive care unit, the patient appeared cyanotic with lowered consciousness and displayed anuria and chocolate brown serum.Initial laboratory tests revealed 40% of methemoglobin. The formation of methemoglobin was effectively treated with methylene blue (10% after 29 hours).To remove the toxin, and because of the anuric acute renal failure, the patient received renal replacement therapy. Despite these therapeutic measures, the patient developed hemolytic anemia and disseminated intravascular coagulation, which were treated with red blood cell transfusion and intermittent hemodialysis. These interventions led to the improvement of his condition and the patient eventually fully recovered. Patient gave written informed consent.This is the third known case of chlorite poisoning that has been reported. Based upon this case, we suggest the management of sodium chlorite poisoning to comprise the early administration of methylene blue, in addition to renal replacement therapy and transfusion of red blood cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Gebhardtova
- University Hospital Bratislava, Nemocnica Ruzinov, ICU, KAIM, Clinic of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine (AG, AD, ZF, AC, AY); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy (PV, DV-Y), Comenius University in Bratislava, University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic; Department of Nephrology (MS); and Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology (RHH), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Bathina G, Yadla M, Burri S, Enganti R, Prasad Ch R, Deshpande P, Ch R, Prayaga A, Uppin M. An unusual case of reversible acute kidney injury due to chlorine dioxide poisoning. Ren Fail 2013; 35:1176-8. [DOI: 10.3109/0886022x.2013.819711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Severe Chlorate Poisoning Successfully Treated with Methylene Blue. J Emerg Med 2013; 44:381-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2012.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2011] [Revised: 11/10/2011] [Accepted: 02/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Singh S, Sinha R, Kar SK, Ather A, Limaye SN. Effect of chlorine dioxide and sodium hypochlorite on the dissolution of human pulp tissue - An in vitro study. Med J Armed Forces India 2012; 68:356-9. [PMID: 24532904 DOI: 10.1016/j.mjafi.2011.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2011] [Accepted: 11/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Organic tissue dissolution is an important property of an irrigant which aids in the success of root canal treatment. Recent studies have advocated the use of Chlorine dioxide as an endodontic irrigant. The aim of this study is to compare the dissolution efficacy of chlorine dioxide and sodium hypochlorite on human pulp tissue. METHODS In this study, 2% Sodium hypochlorite, 5% Chlorine dioxide and isotonic saline solution (control) were used. Thirty human pulp tissue specimens were exposed to three test solutions (n = 10) for 30 min following which the loss of weight was compared from the original weight by using a digital analytical balance. RESULTS Sodium hypochlorite was more efficient in dissolving human pulp tissue when compared to Chlorine dioxide. Isotonic saline solution failed to dissolve any of the specimens. CONCLUSION 5% Chlorine dioxide is capable of dissolving human pulp tissue but sodium hypochlorite was more effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Singh
- Dental Officer, 336 Field Hospital, C/O 56 APO, Saugor 470001, India
| | - Ramen Sinha
- Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sri Sai College of Dental Surgery, Kothrepally, Vikarabad, Hyderabad 501101, India
| | - S K Kar
- Commanding Officer, 336 Field Hospital, C/O 56 APO, Saugor 470001, India
| | - Amber Ather
- Assistant Professor, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal 576104, India
| | - S N Limaye
- Professor, Department of Chemistry, Dr. Harisingh Gour University, Saugor 470001, India
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