Latent Trajectories and Profiles of Commercial Cigarette Smoking Frequency From Adolescence to Young Adulthood Among North American Indigenous People

The association of chronotype, sleep duration and trajectories of health-risk behaviors among college students: a cohort study

PURPOSE

To describe the trajectories of health-risk behaviors (HRBs) among college students through four consecutive surveys and explore the relationship between chronotype, sleep duration and different trajectories of HRBs.

METHODS

We used a data sample of 1,042 college students from the College Student Behavior and Health Cohort Study. Students reported sleep parameters, including chronotype (Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire-5, MEQ-5) and sleep duration. The behavior scale was used to evaluate four HRBs (smoking, alcohol use, low physical activity, smartphone addiction). The latent class growth analysis (LCGA) was used to estimate the trajectory of self-reported HRBs. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to study whether sleep parameters (chronotype and sleep duration) correlated with HRBs' trajectories.

RESULTS

Four unique trajectories of behaviors were identified: unhealthy group (7.4%), increasing group (21.3%), decreasing group (10.3%) and healthy group (61.0%). Compared with the normal sleep, results from logistic regression analyses indicated that long sleep (> 9 h) was associated with the decreasing group and the unhealthy group (P < 0.05), while short sleep (< 7 h) was associated with the increasing group and the unhealthy group (P < 0.05). Compared with the M-type, the E-type were positively correlated with the unhealthy group, the increasing group, and the decreasing group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

E-type, short sleep duration and long sleep duration were significantly associated with the trajectory of HRBs. Findings underscore the need for targeted screening and prevention of modifiable sleep behaviors with the aim of improving HRBs in college students.

Smoking across adolescence and adulthood with cardiovascular risk among American Indian peoples

OBJECTIVE

American Indian peoples (AIs) have high smoking rates and cardiovascular risk factor burden. The present study aimed to (a) investigate latent smoking classes across adolescence and adulthood, (b) investigate adolescent predictors of smoking classes, and (c) assess how smoking class is related to adult cardiovascular risk in a sample of AIs.

METHOD

A sample of AIs (N = 338) from the National Adolescent to Adult Health Study self-reported on smoking across four assessment waves (W1: 7th-12th grade; W2: 8th-12th grade; W3: ages 18-26; W4: ages 24-32). The socioecological framework for addressing tobacco-related disparities was used to identify potential adolescent (W1) risk and resource factors. C-reactive protein, blood pressure, and lipids were collected at W4. Growth mixture modeling and regressions were used.

RESULTS

Six smoking classes were identified: light smoking (36%), nonsmoking (23%), escalating, adult daily smoking (13%), chronic heavy smoking (12%), escalating, young adult daily smoking (9%), and reducing smoking (7%). Risk factors for being in the chronic heavy smoking class included peer smoking and older age at W1. Compared with the chronic heavy smoking class, AIs in the reducing smoking class lived in in more impoverished neighborhoods during adolescence. Relative to several classes with less smoking, being in the chronic heavy smoking class was associated with higher C-reactive protein and less favorable lipid levels. W1 social support was a resource factor for adult diastolic blood pressure and some lipids.

CONCLUSIONS

Socioecologically informed tobacco interventions have the potential to reduce smoking and cardiovascular risk among AIs, and bolstering social support may be important. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Developmental trajectories of tobacco use and risk factors from adolescence to emerging young adulthood: a population-based panel study

BACKGROUND

Adolescence to young adulthood is a critical developmental period that determines lifelong patterns of tobacco use. We examined the longitudinal trajectories of tobacco use, and risk factors for its use, and explored the association between the trajectories of mobile phone dependency and smoking throughout the life-course among adolescents and young adults.

METHODS

Data of 1,723 subjects (853 boys and 870 girls) were obtained from six waves of the Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey (mean age = 13.9-19.9 years). To identify trajectories of smoking and mobile phone dependency, group-based trajectory modelling (GBTM) was conducted. A multinomial logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the characteristics of the trajectory groups.

RESULTS

GBTM identified four distinct smoking trajectories: never smokers (69.1%), persistent light smokers (8.7%), early established smokers (12.0%), and late escalators (10.3%). Successful school adjustment decreased the risk of being an early established smoker (odds ratio [OR] 0.46, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.27-0.78). The number of days not supervised by a guardian after school was positively associated with the risk of being an early established smoker (OR 1.96, 95% CI 1.23-3.13). Dependency on mobile phones throughout the life-course was positively associated with the risk of being a persistent light smoker (OR 4.04, 95% CI 1.32-12.34) or early established smoker (OR 8.18, 95% CI 4.04-16.56).

CONCLUSIONS

Based on the group-based modeling approach, we identified four distinctive smoking trajectories and highlight the long-term effects of mobile phone dependency, from early adolescence to young adulthood, on smoking patterns.

The decline of smoking initiation among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander secondary students: implications for future policy

OBJECTIVE

Smoking is a major cause of preventable illness for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, with most commencing in adolescence. Understanding trends in youth tobacco use can inform prevention policies and programs.

METHODS

Logistic regression models examined smoking trends among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and all students aged 12-17 years, in five nationally representative triennial surveys, 2005-2017. Outcomes measured lifetime, past month, past week tobacco use and number of cigarettes smoked daily (smoking intensity).

RESULTS

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander students' never smoking increased (2005: 49%, 2017: 70%) with corresponding declines in past month and week smoking. Smoking intensity reduced among current smokers (low intensity increased 2005: 67%, 2017: 77%). Trends over time were similar for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander students as for all students (8-10% annual increase in never smoking).

CONCLUSIONS

Most Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander students are now never smokers. Comparable declines indicate similar policy impact for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and all students. Implications for Public Health: Comprehensive population-based tobacco control policies can impact all students. Continued investment, including in communities, is needed to maintain and accelerate reductions among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander students to achieve equivalent prevalence rates and reduce health inequities.