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Zhang L, Ye JF, Zhao X. "I Saw it Incidentally but Frequently": Exploring the Effects of Online Health Information Scanning on Lung Cancer Screening Behaviors Among Chinese Smokers. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38683113 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2024.2345948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
In China, lung cancer is the most common cancer with high mortality. While prior research suggests that health information scanning influences cancer screening within the general population, a deeper exploration of the underlying mechanisms is imperative. This study specifically targets smokers, aiming to investigate whether online health information scanning can effectively encourage lung cancer screening and elucidate the mechanisms driving this association. Data were extracted from a Chinese national survey conducted between January and September 2023, exclusively involving current smokers (N = 992). A moderated mediation model was employed to examine a cognitive-affective sequential chain of mediation through risk perceptions and cancer worry. Results showed that 99.1% of Chinese smokers reported online health information scanning, which possessed significant influence. Online health information scanning was positively associated with effective lung cancer screening among smokers directly (OR = 1.927, p < .01) and indirectly (OR = .065, p < .001). The perceived threat of smoking and cancer worry served as the cognitive and affective mediating mechanisms. Furthermore, a moderating effect of eHealth literacy was observed (OR = 6.292, p < .05). Smokers with higher eHealth literacy are more inclined to undergo effective lung cancer screening. Based on these findings, public health sectors should leverage online platforms to disseminate tailored cancer screening education and implement initiatives to enhance public eHealth literacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luxi Zhang
- Department of Communication/Institute of Collaborative Innovation, University of Macau
| | - Jizhou Francis Ye
- Department of Communication/Institute of Collaborative Innovation, University of Macau
| | - Xinshu Zhao
- Department of Communication/Institute of Collaborative Innovation/Center for Research in Greater Bay Area, University of Macau
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2
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Jiang S, Liu PL. Few changes shown in cancer information-seeking behaviour among young adults in China between 2012 and 2017. Health Info Libr J 2021; 40:92-102. [PMID: 34097815 DOI: 10.1111/hir.12378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increasing incidence of cancer among young adults (18-40 years old) is of concern in China. OBJECTIVES This study aims to examine the influence of cancer information-seeking behaviours (CISB) on young adults' worries about cancer and participation in screening. METHODS This study analysed data from two probability sample surveys conducted in 2012 and 2017 in China. The questions in the questionnaire remained the same for better comparison. The sample size was 1212 in the 2012 survey, and 2178 in the 2017 survey. RESULTS From 2012 to 2017, among young adults, there was a decline in cancer information seeking, diversity of cancer information sought and cancer worry, while an improvement in cancer information-seeking experience was found. Also, CISB had significant associations with cancer worry and health screening over the 5 years. DISCUSSION The level of young adults' cancer information seeking remains low in China, and this group is not fully aware of their potential risks of getting cancer. CONCLUSION Although young adults find the experience of looking for cancer information easier in 2017, health campaigns may be necessary to encourage young adults to find out more about their cancer risks, and to participate more in health screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohai Jiang
- Department of Communications and New Media, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
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3
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Kaufman AR, Twesten JE, Suls J, McCaul KD, Ostroff JS, Ferrer RA, Brewer NT, Cameron LD, Halpern-Felsher B, Hay JL, Park ER, Peters E, Strong DR, Waters EA, Weinstein ND, Windschitl PD, Klein WMP. Measuring Cigarette Smoking Risk Perceptions. Nicotine Tob Res 2021; 22:1937-1945. [PMID: 31883013 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntz213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Risk perception is an important construct in many health behavior theories. Smoking risk perceptions are thoughts and feelings about the harms associated with cigarette smoking. Wide variation in the terminology, definition, and assessment of this construct makes it difficult to draw conclusions about the associations of risk perceptions with smoking behaviors. To understand optimal methods of assessing adults' cigarette smoking risk perceptions (among both smokers and nonsmokers), we reviewed best practices from the tobacco control literature, and where gaps were identified, we looked more broadly to the research on risk perceptions in other health domains. Based on this review, we suggest assessments of risk perceptions (1) about multiple smoking-related health harms, (2) about harms over a specific timeframe, and (3) for the person affected by the harm. For the measurement of perceived likelihood in particular (ie, the perceived chance of harm from smoking based largely on deliberative thought), we suggest including (4) unconditional and conditional items (stipulating smoking behavior) and (5) absolute and comparative items and including (6) comparisons to specific populations through (7) direct and indirect assessments. We also suggest including (8) experiential (ostensibly automatic, somatic perceptions of vulnerability to a harm) and affective (emotional reactions to a potential harm) risk perception items. We also offer suggestions for (9) response options and (10) the assessment of risk perception at multiple time points. Researchers can use this resource to inform the selection, use, and future development of smoking risk perception measures. IMPLICATIONS Incorporating the measurement suggestions for cigarette smoking risk perceptions that are presented will help researchers select items most appropriate for their research questions and will contribute to greater consistency in the assessment of smoking risk perceptions among adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette R Kaufman
- Behavioral Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | | | - Jerry Suls
- Behavioral Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Kevin D McCaul
- Department of Psychology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND
| | - Jamie S Ostroff
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Rebecca A Ferrer
- Behavioral Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Noel T Brewer
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Linda D Cameron
- School of Social Sciences, Humanities, and the Arts, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA
| | - Bonnie Halpern-Felsher
- Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Jennifer L Hay
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Elyse R Park
- Department of Psychiatry and Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ellen Peters
- School of Journalism and Communication, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR
| | - David R Strong
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA.,Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Erika A Waters
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO
| | - Neil D Weinstein
- Department of Human Ecology, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Paul D Windschitl
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - William M P Klein
- Behavioral Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive risk perception has been linked to health behavior needed to reduce the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. The concept of risk perception of developing diabetes needed review due to: (a) frequent lack of congruency between perceived and actual risk of developing diabetes, and (b) inconsistent measures for calculating perceived diabetes risk. DESIGN The concept analysis was conducted using the Walker and Avant approach. DATA SOURCES Dictionary definitions, thesaurus synonyms and antonyms, theoretical sources, and seminal works related generally to risk perception were reviewed. Database searches for studies conducted in the United States measuring perceived risk of developing diabetes, were conducted in PubMed, Embase, and CINAHL; resulting in the selection and review of 23 research articles. RESULTS The identified dimensions of perceived diabetes risk were: perceived likelihood, personal risk, general risk, cognitive, emotional, comparative risk, and unrealistic optimism. Some antecedents of perceived diabetes risk were motivational factor, individual difference, contextual factor, cognitive factor, and affective factor. A consequence of perceived diabetes risk was health-promoting behaviors. CONCLUSIONS This concept analysis increases clarity of a multidimensional concept, providing a basis for validity for measurements. Consideration of antecedents for perceived diabetes risk will be important as related to diabetes prevention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelina P Nguyen
- Louise Herrington School of Nursing, Baylor University, Dallas, Texas
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5
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He H, Pan L, Cui Z, Sun J, Yu C, Cao Y, Wang Y, Shan G. Smoking Prevalence, Patterns, and Cessation Among Adults in Hebei Province, Central China: Implications From China National Health Survey (CNHS). Front Public Health 2020; 8:177. [PMID: 32596196 PMCID: PMC7300263 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
As part of the China National Health Survey, the objective of this study was to explore the prevalence, patterns, and influencing factors of smoking, and understand reasons for smoking cessation among adults in Hebei Province, central China. Using a multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method, 6,552 adults (2,594 males) aged 20–80 were selected in 2017. Demographic, socioeconomic, and tobacco use information were collected by questionnaire interview. The prevalence of ever-smoking, current smoking, and ex-smoking was 28.94, 21.08, and 7.86%, respectively. Male participants had a much higher prevalence of ever-smoking and current smoking (67.39 and 48.77%) than females (3.74 and 2.93%). In male participants, the daily cigarette consumption was 16.61, and the mean age of smoking initiation was 20.95, decreasing with birth year (27.50 in people born before 1946 vs. 17.9 for those born after 1985, p for trend < 0.001). Over 40% of male ever-smokers initiated regular smoking before 20. Compared with never drinking, the ORs (95% CI) of ever-smoking for low, moderate, and high alcohol consumption in male participants were 1.44 (1.11–1.86), 2.80 (1.91–4.11), and 2.40 (1.72–3.33), respectively. Among 479 male ex-smokers, 50.94% stopped smoking because of illness and 49.06% by choice. Among male ex-smokers, hypertensive men were more likely to quit smoking than the normotensive individuals (OR: 1.48, 95% CI: 1.13–1.96). For CVD patients, this effect was estimated as 2.27 (95% CI: 1.56–3.30). This study revealed a high prevalence of ever-smoking, especially in men, in a representative population in central China. Health education focus on tobacco control could be integrated with alcohol consumption reduction to achieve additional benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijing He
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Beijing, China
| | - Li Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Beijing, China
| | - Ze Cui
- Hebei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jixin Sun
- Hebei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Chengdong Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Beijing, China
| | - Yajing Cao
- Hebei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ye Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Beijing, China
| | - Guangliang Shan
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Beijing, China
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See K, Manser R, Park ER, Steinfort D, King B, Piccolo F, Manners D. The impact of perceived risk, screening eligibility and worry on preference for lung cancer screening: a cross-sectional survey. ERJ Open Res 2020; 6:00158-2019. [PMID: 32201692 PMCID: PMC7073421 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00158-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer screening is effective at reducing lung cancer deaths when individuals at greatest risk are screened. Recruitment initiatives target all current and former smokers, of whom only some are eligible for screening, potentially leading to discordance between screening preference and eligibility in ineligible individuals. The objective of the present study was to identify factors associated with preference for screening among ever-smokers. Ever-smokers aged 55-80 years attending outpatient clinics at three Australian hospitals were invited. The survey recorded: 1) demographics; 2) objective lung cancer risk and screening eligibility using the Prostate Lung Colon Ovarian 2012 risk model; and 3) perceived lung cancer risk, worry about and seriousness of lung cancer using a validated questionnaire. Multivariable ordinal logistic regression identified predictors of screening preference. The survey was completed by 283 individuals (response rate 27%). Preference for screening was high (72%) with no significant difference between low-dose computed tomography screening-eligible and -ineligible individuals (77% versus 68%, p=0.11). Worry about lung cancer (adjusted-proportional odds ratio (adj-OR) 1.31, 95% CI 1.08-1.58; p=0.007) and perceived seriousness of lung cancer (adj-OR 1.31, 95% CI 1.05-1.64; p=0.02) were associated with higher preference for lung cancer screening while screening eligibility was not. The concept of "early detection" was the most important driver to have screening while practical obstacles like difficulty travelling to the scan or taking time off work were the least important barriers to screening. Most current or former smokers prefer to undergo screening. Worry about lung cancer and perceived seriousness of the diagnosis are more important drivers for screening preference than eligibility status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine See
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Northern Hospital, Epping, Victoria, Australia
| | - Renee Manser
- Dept of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Dept of Medicine (Royal Melbourne Hospital), University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Dept of Medical Oncology and Haematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elyse R Park
- Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hosptial, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Steinfort
- Dept of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bridget King
- Dept of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Francesco Piccolo
- Midland Physician Service, St John of God Midland Private and Public Hospitals, Midland, Western Australia, Australia
| | - David Manners
- Midland Physician Service, St John of God Midland Private and Public Hospitals, Midland, Western Australia, Australia.,Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
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Kabwama SN, Kadobera D, Ndyanabangi S. Perceptions about the harmfulness of tobacco among adults in Uganda: Findings from the 2013 Global Adult Tobacco Survey. Tob Induc Dis 2018; 16:59. [PMID: 31516456 PMCID: PMC6659554 DOI: 10.18332/tid/99574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Preferential option for some tobacco products over others might be attributed to inherent misconceptions about the harmfulness of tobacco. We analysed data from Uganda’s Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) to assess misconceptions about the harmfulness of tobacco and associated factors. METHODS Data were obtained from the 2013 Uganda Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) of persons in Uganda of age ≥15 years among 8508 participants selected using a multi-stage sampling design to provide nationally representative estimates of the adult population. Participants were asked about perceptions of the harmfulness of smoking, using smokeless tobacco and whether all kinds of cigarettes are equally harmful. Weighted logistic regression analysis was used to find factors associated with the dependent variables. RESULTS Among daily smokeless tobacco users, 98 (62%) were unaware that smokeless tobacco causes serious illness. Compared with participants without formal education, participants with primary education were less likely to be unaware that smoking causes serious illness (AOR=0.64, 95% CI: 0.48–0.84) as were participants with secondary education (AOR=0.28, 95% CI: 0.19–0.42) and participants with University education or higher (AOR=0.26, 95% CI: 0.11–0.58). Compared with participants who did not use any smokeless tobacco products, participants who used smokeless tobacco products less than daily were more likely to be unaware that smokeless tobacco causes serious illness (AOR=1.39, 95% CI: 0.54–3.61) as were participants who used smokeless tobacco products daily (AOR=5.87, 95% CI: 3.67–9.40). Compared with participants who did not use any smoked tobacco products, participants who used smoked tobacco products less than daily were more likely to believe that all cigarettes are equally harmful (AOR=2.40, 95% CI: 1.32–4.37) as were participants who used smoked tobacco products daily (AOR=3.08, 95% CI: 2.37–4.00). CONCLUSIONS There is a high level of unawareness about the harmfulness of tobacco use particularly among tobacco users. The National Tobacco Control Program should prioritise public awareness and education about the dangers of tobacco use in the Tobacco Control Policy and National Tobacco Control Strategic Plan.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Kadobera
- Mental Health and Substance Abuse, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda
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Greenberg AJ, Serrano KJ, Thai CL, Blake KD, Moser RP, Hesse BW, Ahern DK. Public use of electronic personal health information: Measuring progress of the Healthy People 2020 Objectives. HEALTH POLICY AND TECHNOLOGY 2017; 6:33-39. [PMID: 28480160 PMCID: PMC5415302 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlpt.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Use of the internet for seeking and managing health information in the U.S., Europe, and emerging and developing nations is growing. Recent global trends indicate more interactive uses of the internet including online communication with providers. In the U.S., The Healthy People 2020 (HP2020) initiative was created by the Department of Health and Human Services to provide 10-year goals for improving the health of American citizens. Two goals of HP2020 were to increase the proportion of individuals who use the Internet to keep track of their personal health information (PHI) online and to increase the proportion of individuals who use the internet to communicate with their healthcare provider. In the present study, we use data from the seven administrations of the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) to assess progress towards these goals. These data were analyzed using descriptive, bivariate, and logistic regression analytic techniques. Results of this study suggested that the HP2020 target of having 15.7% of individuals manage their PHI online by 2020 has already been exceeded (28.1%); similarly, the goal for proportion of individuals communicating with their provider using the internet (15.0%) was exceeded by 2014 (29.7%). While progress towards these goals was positive in all sociodemographic groups for both goals, differences in the rate of progress were seen by gender, race/ethnicity, income, and education, but not by age group. The rapidly increasing proportion of individuals globally who use the internet to manage their health information provides unique opportunities for patient-centered health information technology interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra J. Greenberg
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
- Health Communication and Informatics Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD
| | - Katrina J. Serrano
- Science of Research and Technology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD
| | - Chan L. Thai
- Health Communication and Informatics Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD
| | - Kelly D. Blake
- Health Communication and Informatics Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD
| | - Richard P. Moser
- Science of Research and Technology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD
| | - Bradford W. Hesse
- Health Communication and Informatics Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD
| | - David K. Ahern
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
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Abstract
The decision in RJ Reynolds vs. FDA (2012) to invalidate FDA's proposed graphic health warnings was based in part on the reasoning that the proposed graphic warnings cued emotional responses and therefore could not be considered "factual." However, this reasoning demonstrated the courts' fundamental misunderstanding of current behavioral-science research. In contrast to the courts' artificial separation of emotions from fact, we synthesize and interpret relevant research in basic decision sciences and describe an evidence-based characterization of how emotions influence consumer decision making through multiple mechanisms. We then explore how behavioral research gets "lost in translation" in the legal process and recommend ways that behavioral scientists can work with attorneys to remedy this problem. In order for science-based tobacco regulation to survive legal challenges from the tobacco industry, courts must have access to and be able to understand and apply the relevant research. Accordingly, behavioral laboratory researchers must consider the courts as an additional audience when designing research and reporting results. Researchers wishing to influence policy should also work closely with public health lawyers to have the greatest impact on the legal system.
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Kaufman AR, Koblitz AR, Persoskie A, Ferrer RA, Klein WMP, Dwyer LA, Park ER. Factor Structure and Stability of Smoking-Related Health Beliefs in the National Lung Screening Trial. Nicotine Tob Res 2016; 18:321-9. [PMID: 25964503 PMCID: PMC4757932 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntv091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Absolute and comparative risk perceptions, worry, perceived severity, perceived benefits, and self-efficacy are important theoretical determinants of tobacco use, but no measures have been validated to ensure the discriminant validity as well as test-retest reliability of these measures in the tobacco context. The purpose of the current study is to examine the reliability and factor structure of a measure assessing smoking-related health cognitions and emotions in a national sample of current and former heavy smokers in the National Lung Screening Trial. METHODS A sub-study of the National Lung Screening Trial assessed current and former smokers' (age 55-74; N = 4379) self-reported health cognitions and emotions at trial enrollment and at 12-month follow-up. Items were derived from the Health Belief Model and Self-Regulation Model. RESULTS An exploratory factor analysis of baseline responses revealed a five-factor structure for former smokers (risk perceptions, worry, perceived severity, perceived benefits, and self-efficacy) and a six-factor structure for current smokers, such that absolute risk and comparative risk perceptions emerged as separate factors. A confirmatory factor analysis of 12-month follow-up responses revealed a good fit for the five latent constructs for former smokers and six latent constructs for current smokers. Longitudinal stability of these constructs was also demonstrated. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to examine tobacco-related health cognition and emotional constructs over time in current and former heavy smokers undergoing lung screening. This study found that the theoretical constructs were stable across time and that the factor structure differed based on smoking status (current vs. former).
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette R Kaufman
- Tobacco Control Research Branch, Behavioral Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD;
| | - Amber R Koblitz
- Behavioral Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Alexander Persoskie
- Behavioral Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Rebecca A Ferrer
- Basic Biobehavioral and Psychological Sciences Branch, Behavioral Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - William M P Klein
- Behavioral Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Laura A Dwyer
- Health Behaviors Research Branch, Behavioral Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Elyse R Park
- Massachusetts General Hospital Mongan Institute for Health Policy and Cancer Center, Boston, MA
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Factors influencing quit attempts among male daily smokers in China. Prev Med 2015; 81:361-6. [PMID: 26441296 PMCID: PMC4679468 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND China has the largest population of smokers in the world, yet the quit rate is low. We used data from the 2010 Global Adult Tobacco Survey China to identify factors influencing quit attempts among male Chinese daily smokers. METHODS The study sample included 3303 male daily smokers. To determine the factors that were significantly associated with making a quit attempt, we conducted logistic regression analyses. In addition, mediation analyses were carried out to investigate how the intermediate association among demographics (age, education, urbanicity) and smoking-related variables affected making a quit attempt. RESULTS An estimated 11.0% of male daily smokers tried to quit smoking in the 12 months prior to the survey. Logistic regression analysis indicated that younger age (15-24 years), being advised to quit by a health care provider (HCP) in the past 12 months, lower cigarette cost per pack, monthly or less frequent exposure to smoking at home, and awareness of the harms of tobacco use were significantly associated with making a quit attempt. Additional mediation analyses showed that having knowledge of the harm of tobacco, exposure to smoking at home, and having been advised to quit by an HCP were mediators of making a quit attempt for other independent variables. CONCLUSION Evidence-based tobacco control measures such as conducting educational campaigns on the harms of tobacco use, establishing smoke-free policies at home, and integrating tobacco cessation advice into primary health care services can increase quit attempts and reduce smoking among male Chinese daily smokers.
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